red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 1

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Network of Spanish Jewish Quarters

Caminos de Sefarad - 23 cities to discover a people

This is the slogan with which the Network of Spanish Jewish Quarters – Routes of Sepharad proposes you a journey to our roots, a journey to towns and villages which in the past have taken in different and varied customs, languages, traditions, laws, beliefs, knowledge and tastes, while sharing a same territory.

Our member cities have already covered a large stretch of the recovery of their Jewish heritage, architecture, art and culture. A hidden history, revealed after five hundred years, singular places which have been the center of hope and desire of generations of Spanish and Jewesses, places of faith and tradition, buried by the passage of time, now recovered.

The member cities of the NETWORK OF SPANISH JEWISH QUARTERS, Ávila, Barcelona, Besalú, Cáceres, Calahorra, Castelló d’Empúries, Córdoba, Estella-Lizarra, Girona, Hervás, Jaén, León, Monforte de Lemos, Oviedo, Palma, Plasencia, Ribadavia, Segovia, Sevilla, Tarazona, Toledo, Tortosa and Tudela, have their own tourist 3 certification , RASGO, which strives to offer a high level of quality and rigour in products and services related to the Jewish heritage in Spain, preserving the essence of Sepharad.

The Network of Spanish Jewish Quarters – Routes of Sepharad is a founding member of the European Route of Jewish Heritage, developing jointly the project under the tutelage of the European institutions.

This brochure gives you basic information about our Jewish quarters; JORNADA further detailed information is available on our website EUROPEA DE LA www.redjuderias.org/rasgo. CULTURA JUDÍA 23 Cities to discover a people Join in the experience red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 4

Photographs: Sanchez Moreno (Ávila, Barcelona, Estella-Lizarra, Jaén, Ribadavia) - Laura R. Grau (Besalú) - Francisco Sánchez y Juan Carlos Rodríguez (Córdoba) - Aniol Resclosa (Girona) -José Antonio Vera (Hervás) - Jesús Rodríguez Montero (Mon- forte de Lemos) - Virginia Gómez (Tudela) Cover design: Gira Estudio de Diseño Layout and printing: Ceyde Comunicación Gráfica. Segovia D.L.: SG 33-2011 red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 5

Index

Ávila ...... 7

Barcelona ...... 8

Besalú ...... 9

Cáceres ...... 10

Calahorra ...... 11

Castelló d’Empúries ...... 12

Córdoba ...... 13

Estella-Lizarra ...... 14

Girona ...... 15

Hervás ...... 16

Jaén ...... 17

León ...... 18

Monforte de Lemos ...... 19

Oviedo ...... 20

Palma ...... 21

Plasencia ...... 22

Ribadavia ...... 23

Segovia ...... 24

Sevilla ...... 25

Tarazona ...... 26

Toledo ...... 27

Tortosa ...... 28

Tudela ...... 29 red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 6

Situation

European Route of Jewish Heritage

Oviedo

Monforte León Estella Ribadavia Calahorra Castelló d’Empúries Tudela Besalú Tarazona Girona Barcelona

Segovia Ávila Tortosa MADRID Hervás Plasencia Toledo Cáceres Palma

Córdoba Jaén Sevilla red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 7

CASTILE AND LEON www.avilaturismo.com

Panoramic view of the city

The Hebrew presence in Ávila was first documented in 1144, when Alphonse VII ceded a tithe of the annual income of the Jews to the Cathedral. However, from the same mythical story of its foundation as a Christian city in the Roman age arises the tale of a Jew who built the first basilica of the martyrs Vincent, Sabina and Christeta, saints tortured and executed during the persecutions of the 4th century. The Jews living in Ávila were craftsmen belonging to many diverse trades but, above all, they were wealthy textile traders. This prosperity allowed, among other things, the wise Moses de León —who resided in the dwelling of the 7 king’s tax lessor, Yucaf of Ávila— to complete his Sefer ha-Zohar or Book of Splendour in the 13th century, which, together with the Talmud and the Bible, forms the great trilogy of Jewish cabalistic mysticism. Also in this city, Nissim ben Abraham —most commonly known as “the prophet of Ávila”— wrote his book about the wonders of wisdom, and it was here where Teresa de Jesús and San Juan de la Cruz, descendents of new Christians related to old families of Jewish origin, reached the peak of Christian mysticism. The only copy of the decree from 1492 which obliged the Jews to convert or be sent into exile is preserved in Ávila. This event put an end to an age- old presence and, as a consequence, led the city into cultural and economic impoverishment. PLACES OF INTEREST • Basilica of San Vicente • Reyes Católicos Street- “La Sinagoga” Hostel • Mercado Chico Square (Former Posada de la Estrella) • Pocillo • Moshé de León Garden • Mysticism Information Centre • La Encarnación Monastery • Museum of Ávila ACTIVITIES • European Day of Jewish Culture (First Sunday of September) • Guided tours around the Jewish Quarter INFORMATION ABOUT THE JEWISH QUARTER • Visitor Reception Centre Avda. de Madrid, 39. 05001 ÁVILA Tel.: +0034 920 22 04 42 · +0034 920 22 59 69 [email protected] · [email protected] · www.avilaturismo.com red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 8

CATALONIA Barcelona www.bcn.cat

“Call” of Barcelona: Saint Domènec of the “Call”- Saint Sever

The presence of the Jews in Barcelona was recorded even before the existence of a Jewish Quarter in the city, although it is uncertain whether they already constituted a community or not. The first record of a Jewish district in Barcelona dates back to the 11th century, with mention of a street which “solebat ire ad callem judaicum”. The word “call” means “narrow street” or “alley”. This name spread to encompass all the streets occupied by the Jews, while the Jewish community was called “aljama”. The Jewish population reached 3,500 during its 8 peak, 10% of the entire population of the city. The assault in August 1391 left the population greatly diminished, after which it would never recover. In 1492 the royal decree meant its definitive expulsion. From the former Medieval district only the streets themselves have been preserved, now properly signposted, which invite us to wander them in silent contemplation. Some buildings have been restored, such as the one which currently houses the Call Visitor’s Centre, where the tourist will find information on the history of the city in the age of the Jews. PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE “CALL” AND ITS SURROUNDINGS • Call Visitor’s Centre • The Roman “Domus” [town house] and the Call’s silos • Saint Iu Square. (Tombstones with Jewish inscriptions) • Barcelona Museum of History ACTIVITIES • Activities at the Call Visitor’s Centre • Permanent Exhibition on Medieval Barcelona. MUHBA • Barcelona Jewish Film Festival • European Day of Jewish Culture • Guided tours around the Call. MUHBA Plaza del Rey. Tel.: +0034 932 562 122 e-mail:[email protected] www.museuhistoria.bcn.cat

FURTHER INFORMATION • Call Visitor’s Centre Pl. Manel Ribé, s/n - 08002 BARCELONA Tel.: +0034 933 042 680. e-mail: [email protected] red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 9

CATALONIA www.besalu.cat

“Micvé” of Besalú

The oldest record that we have of the Jewish community in Besalú dates back to 1229, although a Jewish settlement in the 9th century is also recognised. From the 13th century we find three chronological divisions of the Jewish people in Besalú: - From the year 1300 to the 1342. Besalú was linked with the community of Girona. - From the year 1342 to the 1391. Golden age of the Jewish Quarter in Besalú, independence from the collective in Girona. During these years there was notable economic activity; relations with important Catalonian Jewries were maintained. 9 - From the year 1391 to the 1436. The decay of the Jewish community of Besalú began and continued until the year 1415, when the closure of the Jewish Quarter was ordered. By 1436 no Jews remained in Besalú. What marks the history of the Jewish community in Besalú is the quantity and quality of its doctors, such as Abraham des Castlar (personal doctor to Peter IV of Aragon, nicknamed “the Ceremonious”) and Bendit des Logar, both quoted in the book Eben Boan de Kalonymos ben Kalonymos d’Arles (1323) as two of the ten leading medical figures of the age. The finding of the Micvé in 1964 and the discovery of the remains of the synagogue evince the importance of the Jewish heritage in Besalú. PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Micvé (purifying Jewish baths) • Remains of the Synagogue • Jewish Quarter Visitor’s Centre • Cultural Centre Curia Real (former home of the Astruc family) ACTIVITIES IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Besalú, Jewish town • Evening theatrical tours (summer) • European Day of Jewish Culture • Medieval History Course • Medieval Besalú • Guided tours around the Jewish Quarter (Micvé/Synagogue/ Documentary on the rebuilding of the Synagogue) FURTHER INFORMATION • Besalú Tourist Office Plaza de la Libertad, 1. 17850 BESALÚ Tel.: +0034 972 59 12 40. e-mail: [email protected] red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 10

Caceres EXTREMADURA www.turismo.caceres.es

Visit to the Old Jewish Quarter in the Monumental City of Cáceres

The beauty and local colour of the Jewish Quarter in Cáceres, World Heritage Site, with its narrow streets, its luminous, whitewashed houses, its flowers brightening up windows and balconies, is only comparable to the monumental quality of this age-old city. The visitor will be charmed by its two Jewish Quarters: the “Old Jewish Quarter”, inside the monumental walled city, where the San Antonio Shrine —former Jewish synagogue— may be found; and the “New Jewish Quarter” in the streets Paneras and de la Cruz, near the Plaza Mayor [Main Square]. Here, the Palacio de la Isla [Palace of the Island] —nowadays the Local Historical Archive— stands 10 out, preserving, moreover, remains of the former synagogue. Enjoying the route which unites both Jewries, offering the opportunity to walk the Medieval paths of their Hebrew residents, will be an unforgettable experience for anyone who decides to visit. DARE TO LIVE IT! PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Former Synagogue (Now San Antonio Shrine) • Baluarte de los Pozos Tourist Centre • Synagogue of the New Jewish Quarter (Palacio de la Isla) • Singular and complex layout of long steep streets with small squares and hidden corners ACTIVITIES IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Musical evenings, presentations and exhibitions in the Baluarte de los Pozos • European Day of Jewish Culture • Dynamization of the Old Jewish Quarter. Activities for children and youngsters • “Luna de Agosto” [August moon]. Musical Evenings in the Old Jewish Quarter • Guided tours around the Jewish Quarters Cáceres Tourist Guides Association. Tel.: +0034 927 21 72 37 FURTHER INFORMATION • Tourist Information Office C/Olmos, 11. 10003 CÁCERES. Tel.: +0034 927 24 71 72 • Baluarte de los Pozos Tourist Centre C/Barrio de San Antonio, 17. 10003 CÁCERES Tel.: +0034 927 22 60 44 red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 11

LA RIOJA www.ayto-calahorra.es Calahorra

Close-up: Cathedral and Episcopal Palace. In the background, the Jewish Quarter.

The presence of the Jews in Calahorra was first documented in the 11th century. It reached its splendour during the 12th and 13th centuries, even becoming the largest in La Rioja and almost in all of the North of Spain with a hundred people in 1332. The Jewish population settled in the highest part of the town, a place nowadays occupied by the Rasillo de San Francisco. The synagogue, which is no longer standing, was originally placed there, although the street plan from the early 20th century still showed the “callejón de la Sinagoga” [the Synagogue alley].

The Jews from Calahorra were basically devoted to agriculture, something 11 which can be verified through the numerous records of the sale and purchase of land and the constant disputes with the Chapter related to the payment of the tithe. On 7th August 1492, after the Decree of Expulsion, the Catholic Monarchs ceded the Synagogue to the Cathedral Chapter to transform it into a catholic church. This document, signed by the Monarchs, and some fragments of a Torah dating from the 13th or 14th century are preserved inside the Cathedral. This, coupled with the urban layout of the Jewish Quarter, nowadays provide the main physical evidence of the Jewish presence in Calahorra. PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • San Francisco Church, current Museum of Holy Week “Pasos” [floats made for religious parades] • Museo de la Verdura [The Vegetable Museum] • Urban framework of the former Jewish Quarter • Remains of the El Sequeral Roman Tower ACTIVITIES IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Scheduled guided tours • Summer concerts • Activities around the European Day of Jewish Culture INFORMATION AND VISIT BOOKING • Calahorra Tourist Office C/Ángel Oliván, 8. 26500 CALAHORRA Tel.: +0034 941 10 50 61 e-mail: [email protected] red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 12

CATALONIA www.castelloempuriabrava.com

Aerial view of the old quarter

The primitive Jewish quarter started to develop at the beginning of the 13th century in the Puig de l’Eramala area, around the first synagogue. In 1238 the Count of Empúries granted a privilege to the Jewish community, and a new period of prosperity began for them, which was crucial for their expansion and growth towards the area of Puig Mercadal, then the center of commerce and handicrafts of the village, as well as the place of residence of the Counts. A new Synagogue was built there in 1284, which was expanded and restored in 1321. The building still exists today, turned into a private home. 12 The community had its own cemetery, situated near Rec del Molí. The nine Hebrew gravestones which are kept at the Museu d’Història Cúria-Presó come from this necropolis. The first baptisms of Jews are documented at the end of the 14th century, but the largest-scale and most numerous conversions took place in 1417, when almost 200 Jews were baptized. Despite all that, in 1442 the Jewish community tried to reorganize, and recovered the old synagogue of Puig de l’Eramala, since the new one had been sold and turned into a guest house in 1420. PLACES OF INTEREST • Museu d’Història Medieval Cúria-Presó (Museum of History Medieval prison) • Basílica de Santa Maria. Museum of the Parish • Medieval Walls. Gallarda Gate • Urban framework of the old Jewish quarter. • Ecomuseu Farinera (museum) • Aiguamolls de l’Empordà (Natural Park Swamps of the Empordà) ACTIVITIES • European Day of Jewish Culture • Festival Terra de Trobadors (Medieval festival) • Ruta de l’Art (art exhibition) • Guided tours in the old Jewish quarter FURTHER INFORMATION • Tourist Office of Castelló d’Empúries. (+34) 972 15 62 33 [email protected] - www.castelloempuriabrava.com • Local Archive of Castelló d’Empúries. [email protected] red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 13

ANDALUSIA www.turismodecordoba.org

Roman Bridge and -Cathedral

Firstly under the Emirate and later during the Omeya Caliphate, the great period of the Spanish Jews began, culminating in its golden age in Córdoba during the 10th and 11th centuries when the greatest levels of well-being and culture were attained. During these centuries some Jews became ministers of the Muslim monarchs in Córdoba; such is the case of Moses ben-Maimon, Maimonides, with whom Jewish thought reached its peak. The centre of Jewish religion and culture settled in Córdoba, with the rabbinic academies of Córdoba and Lucena. A magnificent Jewish Quarter is preserved in the area designated “World Heritage” by UNESCO. 13 PLACES OF INTEREST • Córdoba Synagogue • Archaeological and Ethnological Museum • Christian Monarchs Alcázar • Calahorra Tower, Three Cultures Museum • Sepharad House and Mazal House • Local crafts souk

ACTIVITIES • Internacional Sephardic Music Festival, June. • Concerts, Exhibitions, Cinema, Conferences, throughout the year. • European Day of Jewish Culture, September • Guided tours around the Jewish Quarter, throughout the year.

FURTHER INFORMATION • Unidad de Turismo y Patrimonio de la Humanidad C/Rey Heredia, 22. 14003 CÓRDOBA Tel.: +0034 957 200522 e-mail: [email protected] www.ayuncordoba.es • Consorcio de Turismo de Córdoba C/Rey Heredia, 22. 14003 CÓRDOBA Tel.: +0034 902 201774 e-mail: [email protected] red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 14

NAVARRE Estella-Lizarra www.estella-lizarra.com

Santa Mª Jus del Castillo. On the site of the former Elgacena Synagogue.

Estella-Lizarra possesses a rich Jewish past which dates back to its foundation in the last quarter of the 11th century. Throughout its history the town has housed two aljamas; the oldest was known as “Elgacena” and occupied the terrains closest to the Main Castle and, according to historical records, by the year 1135 had already been abandoned. The second one, named “the New Jewish Quarter”, housed an important Jewish community and part of its remains, visible even nowadays, is situated upon a terrace on the river Ega, under the fortress of Belmecher and above the entrance to the Camino de Santiago. This new Jewish Quarter was 14 vandalised on 6th March 1328 in what is known as the “Estella Jew Massacre”. During this slaughter numerous dwellings were plundered and burnt and many Jews were beheaded. Currently, the areas occupying both Jewish Quarters are being subjected to archeological and monumental study; particularly noteworthy are the Santa María Jus del Castillo Church —on the site of the former Elgacena Synagogue— or the over 250 metre-long walls of the New Jewish Quarter. PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Former Elgacena Synagogue (current Santa María Jus del Castillo Church) • Tour along the Walls of the New Jewish Quarter • Santa María Gate, where remains of Jewish dwellings have been discovered ACTIVITIES IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Sephardic Studies Week (organised by the Friends of the “Camino de Santiago Association”, September) • European Day of Jewish Culture • Guided tours around the Jewish Quarters Estella Reservations Office. Tel.: +0034 948 55 00 70 e-mail: [email protected] FURTHER INFORMATION • Estella Tourist Office. C/San Nicolás, 1 – 31200 ESTELLA-LIZARRA Tel.: + 0034 948 55 63 01 / e-mail: [email protected] • Gabinete Navark. C/ Mº de Irache, 11. 31200 ESTELLA-LIZARRA Tel.: +0034 948 55 39 54 / e-mail: [email protected] / ww.navark.es red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 15

CATALONIA www.girona.cat/call Girona

Courtyard of the Bonastruc ça Porta Centre

The Call or Jewish Quarter in Girona is placed at the nerve centre of the Medieval town. The first record of Jewish presence in this city dates back to the year 890, but it is possible that they had settled in the area before then. The “callis judaicus” is mentioned for the first time in a document from 1160, inhabited from the 12th century to the end of the 14th. The main artery of the city was the current Força Street, which crosses the district from North to South. The Call enjoyed its maximum splendour during the 13th and 14th centuries, period in which the Jewish population increased and became an organized community with buildings at its disposal to comply with the precepts and traditions of its religion: to pray, gather and study; 15 a slaughterhouse to obtain kosher meat, ritual baths (micvé), etc. From the 12th to the 15th centuries most of the Jewish population in Girona was composed of craftsmen, although some well-off families held political and economic positions in the aljama. In spite of an enforced absence of more than five hundred years, the memory of the Jewish presence is still alive in the Call. Currently the Council is responsible for the preservation, promotion and diffusion of this heritage, which is a fundamental part of our own history. PLACES OF INTEREST • Bonastruc ça Porta Centre, housing the Museum of Jewish History and the Nahmanides Institute of Jewish Studies • Força Street, Sant Llorenç Street, Cúndaro Street, Cathedral, Arab Baths, Gironella Tower and former Sant Domènec Convent (University) ACTIVITIES • Museum permanent collection and temporary exhibitions • Guided tours • E. E. Schalit Judaic Library • Training seminars and programme of conferences at the Institute • Activities and workshops for families and children • Musical evenings in the Call • European Day of Jewish Culture • Girona Temps de Flors FURTHER INFORMATION • Museum of Jewish History and Nahmanides Institute of Jewish Studies C/Força, 8 - 17004 GIRONA - Tel.: +0034 972 21 67 61 e-mail: [email protected] - www.girona.cat/call red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 16

EXTREMADURA www.hervas.es

Rabiler Street

From the 15th century several families of Jewish origin settled in Hervás. The fruit of their permanence here can be appreciated in what is now known as the “Jewish Quarter”, a complex of buildings preserved from the period —in some cases— maintaining their original appearance exactly. These dwellings can be found in the lower part of the town, closest to the Ambroz river. The Jews loaned money at interest and were devoted to crafts. They were weavers, carders, cloth and linen makers and drapers. There was also a 16 doctor, Rabí Samuel, who worked as notary and lessor for the Bishop of Plasencia and Coria and built the Synagogue at Rabilero Street. Behind the Synagogue there was a vast vegetable garden on the banks of the river Ambroz, on whose opposite bank was probably the cemetery. These people also had a butcher’s and a bakery; they possessed a wine cellar, a granary and drying places, as well as a minimum infrastructure to make intellectual life and education possible, always according to the precepts established in the Talmud. They also had at their disposal public buildings such as the “Casas de la Cofradía” [Houses of the Brotherhood], in whose interior was a Kosher wine press with its wooden press, basins and barrels. After the Decree of Expulsion dictated by the Catholic Monarchs in 1492, only fourteen out of the forty families which formed the Hebrew community remained. Declared a Historical-Artistic Complex, through wandering its streets one can be plunged into a past age, still real and alive. Its narrow alleys, with steep slopes and some hidden passageways lead to open irregular blocks made of adobe and timber-framed houses rendered with gables. It is for this reason that every single corner in Hervás looks unique and the complex as a whole, unforgettable. PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • La Fuente Chiquilla Bridge [the small fountain] • Rabilero Street • Del Vado Street ACTIVITIES • Los Conversos Festival [the Convert] • Guided tours around the Jewish Quarter Tourism Office HERVÁS. Tel.:+0034 927 473 618 red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 17

ANDALUSIA www.turjaen.org

Menorah in Los Huérfanos Square [the Orphans’ Square]

The presence of the Jews in Jaén dates back to the year 612, but it is very likely that it was somewhat earlier. The Jewish community grew to around ten per cent of the population in the city during the Medieval centuries. Although after the forced conversion of the Jews to Christianity and their ultimate expulsion the Jewish Quarter was converted into the “Barrio de Santa Cruz” [Holy Cross district], the presence of Jewish converts remained so large that it led to the creation of the third Inquisition court in 1483, with proceedings being carried out against people from Jaén until the 18th century. The Jewish heritage in Jaén is not limited to the Jewish Quarter, but can also be found in its legends, traditions, gastronomy and historical 17 records. Jaén was also the birthplace of Hasday ibn Shaprut, doctor, councilor and diplomat during the term of office of the caliphs Abd-ar- Rahman III and Al-Hakam II, who, according to historians, embodied the beginning of the “Golden Age of the Spanish Jews” during the mythic Spain of Three Cultures period. PLACES OF INTEREST RELATED TO THE JEWISH CIVILIZATION • Cathedral (Gothic freize and Choir Stalls) • San Andrés Church (former Synagogue) • Menorah and remains of the Baeza Gate from the Plaza de los Huérfanos Square • Arabian Baths (also used by the Jewish community) • Jewish Quarter streets (urban framework) ACTIVITIES IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • “Summer in the Jewish Quarter” programme of activities • Jewish Cinema Season • European Day of Jewish Culture • Intercultural Days (in collaboration with IUVENTA) FURTHER INFORMATION • Network of Spanish Jewish Quarters- Ways to Sepharad Jaén e-mail: jaen@redjuderías.org • Jaén Town Hall Tourism JAÉN Tel.: +0034 953 219 181 www.turjaen.org/monografico.php?id=06 red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 18

CASTILE AND LEÓN www.leon.es

San Martín Square

Originally, the Jewish Quarter in León was located outside the town, in Puente Castro, a district known as “Castro de los Judíos”. Its first Hebrew elements date back to the 10th century and its maximum splendour was reached during the 11th and the 12th centuries. In 1196 the Jewish Quarter was demolished and transferred to the urban nucleus in León, currently delimited by the Main Square, Santa Ana Square and Del Grano Square. The Main Synagogue was in Misericordia Street [Mercy]. The Jewish developed a prosperous economic and social trade 18 in León. As well as being goldsmiths, they were devoted to market commerce and the production of fine leather. They possessed meadows, vineyards and mills. In the 13th century the figure of Moses de León emerged, author of the Libro del Esplendor [Book of Splendour], which is considered to be the main cabalistic work from Sepharad. Remains of the Jewish Quarter are spread around the heart of the old quarter, around the Barrio Húmedo [humid district], where streets, squares and corners coexist with the lively presence of markets, shops and typical “tapas” bars. PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Santa María Cathedral • Museum of León • Conde Luna Palace • Biblical and Oriental Museum • Barrio Húmedo [humid district] • Don Gutierre Palace ACTIVITIES IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • European Day of Jewish Culture • Medieval Market of the Three Cultures • Guided tours. Tourism Office. Tel.: +0034 987 878 336/327. e-mail: [email protected] FURTHER INFORMATION • León Tourist Office Plaza de San Marcelo, s/n – 24003 LEÓN Tel.: + 0034 987 878 336/327. e-mail: [email protected] • Museum- Puente Castro Reception Centre C/Simón Arias, 1 – 24005 LEÓN. Tel.: +0034 987 260 777 e-mail: [email protected]. www.aytoleon.es red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 19

GALICIA www.concellodemonforte.com Monforte de Lemos

San Vicente del Pino Historic Site

There is evidence of the presence of a Jewish community here since the 10th century. However, it was in the 15th century when it became more prominent. The tour to discover the Jewish legacy can be started at the Homage Tower, (San Vicente del Pino Historic Site), where Solomon’s star can be found among its engraved symbols. We continue through the Nueva Gate [the New Gate], through which we gain access to the Medieval fortress, and Falagueira Street, where local tradition places the old synagogue and where the houses of the Gaibor – the most important local Jewish family - are located. We continue down Zapatería Street [Shoemaking], which leads to the flat area of the town, with important 19 places of documented Jewish presence such as the España Square and Comercio Street [Trade], the Puente Viejo [Old Bridge], Santa Clara Museum of Sacred Art or the Colegio del Cardenal [the Cardinal’s School]. PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE AREA OF JEWISH INFLUENCE • Nueva Gate (Medieval wall) • Falagueira Street and the houses of the Gaibor family • Alcazaba Gate (Medieval wall) • Streets and squares in the Old Quarter: Pescaderías Street, Zapatería Street, Abelardo Baanante Street, España Square ACTIVITIES IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Monforte de Lemos Medieval Festival (Easter Saturday) • European Day of Jewish Culture (First Saturday of September) • Guided tours for schools through the area of Jewish influence • Guided tours for the general public through the area of Jewish influence FURTHER INFORMATION • Delegación de Cultura Plaza de España s/n. 27400 MONFORTE DE LEMOS Tel.: +0034 982 40 44 04 e-mail: [email protected] red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 20

ASTURIAS Oviedo www.oviedo.es

The Fontán – Daoiz and Velarde Square

As recorded in the chapter “History of the Jews in Asturias” from the Ordinances of Oviedo of 1274, a specific quarter where the Jewish people should live was designated: the Socastiello quarter. The limits of this neighbourhood were from the Castillo Gate to the New Gate of Socastiello and from the Gate outwards, if desired. In the 13th century, the Royal Castle and the Alcázar were located more or less where the Telefónica building stands today, near the Porlier Square. The Castillo Gate was on the left of this building and the New Gate of Socastiello could either have been at the bottom of the old San Juan Street or at the end of Cimadevilla Street, 20 as both of them appear as “New Gate” in documents from that time. PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • The Casina-Sinagoga (located in the Fontán Square) • Campoamor Theatre (built on grounds that were a Jewish cemetery) • Porlier Square and Juan XXIII Square (area where the Jews lived in the 13th century) ACTIVITIES IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Celebrations to commemorate the victims of the Shoah • Jewish Cinema Season • The Jewish Book Fair • European Day of Jewish Culture FURTHER INFORMATION • Concejalía de Turismo y Congresos Tel.: +0034985276801 Fax: +0034985235049 e-mail: [email protected] red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 21

BALEARIC ISLANDS www.imtur.es Palma

Sculpture of Jafudá Crésques, a distinguished cartographer

Palma is the capital of the Balearic Islands, a secular sailing school and a point of reference for Mediterranean culture throughout the centuries. It is one of the Spanish cities where the presence of the Jews is dated the earliest. With a history that goes back to the 5th century, the most magnificent time of the Majorcan Jews was the middle of the 15th century. Currently, there are many families and people who consider themselves descendants of the Hebrew community. Therefore, several private associations have been established, which, with the aid of the public institutions of the isle, work to prevent the loss of the history, the legacy and the memory of the Majorcan Jews. 21 In 2005, Palma became part of the Spanish Network of Jewish Quarters – Ways to Sepharad. Now, more than ever, the Jewish past of Palma has been made visible and it has become another charm of its cultural tourism. PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Escoles Street or Call Alley • Sol Street • Temple Street • Sant Jeroni Square • Mont-Sion Street and Church • Sant Alonso Street and Montserrat Street • Museum of Majorca ACTIVITIES IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Jewish Cinema Season • European Day of Jewish Culture • Guided tours around the Jewish Quarter Central Reservations Office Tel.: +0034 971 720 720 and +0034 636 430 000 FURTHER INFORMATION • Instituto Municipal de Turismo del Ayuntamiento de Palma Tel.: +0034 971 22 59 86 red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 22

EXTREMADURA Plasencia www.aytoplasencia.es

San Vicente Ferrer Square, old Jewish Quarter

Around the area of the Parador, a Jewish community was established during the Christian conquest of Alphonse VIII. Next to the stables of the Mirabel Palace, the Synagogue was built. It was the oldest and the most spacious in Medieval High Extremadura. From the Synagogue, the remains of a “hanukijah” [a ceramic candelabra] and a “yad” or reading pointer from the 14th century are preserved. The fuero [local law] formulated the relationships between the Jews and the other communities and established the isolated Jewish Quarter at La Mota, which 22 was bounded by a fence and a wicket gate that was closed at night. It covered the Parador, San Vicente Ferrer Church, the Cañon de las Bóvedas del Marqués and the Mirabel Palace. Jewish daily life in Plasencia during the 1620s to 1680s was concentrated on Rúa Zapatería Street, Arenilla Street, the Main Square and the cantones [a confederation of towns or cities]. Another place of cultural interest is the El Berrocal Jewish cemetery. It still contains remains of anthropomorphic tombs. PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Route through La Mota Jewish Quarter: 12th century – 1419 • Judeo-Christian route: Rúa and Main Square 1420 – 1480 • Jewry of Trujillo Street route: 1480-1492 • The convert route: surroundings of the Cathedral, 15th century • Jewish cemetery • Former Synagogue: current Parador and its Centro de Interpretación [Visitor’s Centre] ACTIVITIES IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Sephardic Cookery Week • “Big” Tuesday (a national tourist attraction) • European Day of Jewish Culture • Tour of the Jewish Quarter with audio guide • Guided tours around the Jewish Quarter • Plasencia Sepharad Project FURTHER INFORMATION • Oficina Local de Turismo Santa Clara, 2. PLASENCIA Tel.: +0034927423843. e-mail: [email protected] red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 23

GALICIA www.ribadavia.travel Ribadavia

Magdalena Square

During the Middle Ages, Ribadavia was a wealthy town within a prosperous region. The settlement of the lay and ecclesiastical nobility from Galicia and the North of Spain brought about the consolidation of an important Jewish community that managed and administered the properties of the noblemen. From the 12th century, there was a period of growth, coinciding with the awarding of the Fuero Real [Royal Charter] by Ferdinand II in 1164. These royal privileges attracted noblemen, gentlemen and religious people. Thus, the Jewish presence increased. The Jewish community in Ribadavia rose up 23 to 15% of the entire population, which was concentrated along Judería Street, located inside the walled perimeter. According to research carried out by the historian María Gloria de Antonia Rubio, the Synagogue was in “Judería Street” (currently Merelles Caula), nowadays a private building. PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Centro de Información Judía de Galicia [Jewish Information Centre of Galicia] • The Wall Gates • Judería Street and its surroundings (currently Merelles Caula) ACTIVITIES IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Festa da Istoria [History Festival] • International Festival of Theatre • Festival of the Ribeiro wine • Noite Meiga [Witches’ Night] • European Day of Jewish Culture • Guided tours around the Jewish Quarter Tel.: +0034 988 47 12 75 e-mail: [email protected] FURTHER INFORMATION • Oficina Municipal de Información y Turismo de Ribadavia Plaza Mayor, 7. 32400 RIBADAVIA (OURENSE) Tel.: +0034 988 47 12 75 e-mail: [email protected] red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 24

CASTILE AND LEÓN Segovia www.turismodesegovia.com

Aerial view of the old quarter

The first recordings of the presence of Jews in Segovia go back to the 13th century and it places their activity and residence around the commercial area of the city (San Miguel parish). In 1480, they were confined inside the quarter that is nowadays known as the Jewish Quarter, within the city wall, to the South of the city, and above the Clamores Valley, which separated them from their cemetery. Throughout their history, the Jews had five synagogues, of which the Main Synagogue (currently the Corpus Christi Convent) is still preserved. During the 15th century, the aljama of Segovia was one of the most important in the Castilian Kingdom. The beauty of the Jewish 24 Quarter of Segovia, which has kept its appearance of days gone by, makes a stroll through it an unforgettable experience. PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Former Main Synagogue (currently the Corpus Christi Church) • Centro Didáctico de la Judería [Jewish Quarter Information Centre] • Jewish cemetery • San Andrés Gate – Espacio Informativo de la Muralla [The City Wall Information Centre] • Museum of Segovia ACTIVITIES IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Series of Activities about the Jewish Quarter • Jewish Cinema Season • Hispanic Judaism course • European Day of Jewish Culture • Guided tour around the Jewish Quarter. • Audio guides • Sephardic Food Festival FURTHER INFORMATION • Centro de Recepción de Visitantes - Central de Reservas Azoguejo, 1 – 40001 Segovia. Tel. + 0034 921 46 67 20 - 21 [email protected] / [email protected] www.turismodesegovia.com / www.reservasdesegovia.com • Centro Didáctico de la Judería C/ Judería Vieja, 12 – 40001 Segovia. Tel. +0034 921 46 23 96 http://juderia.turismodesegovia.com e-mail: [email protected] red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 25

ANDALUSIA www.visitasevilla.es Sevilla

Neighbourhood of Santa Cruz

Santa Cruz is the current name of a part of the former Jewish quarter. There is no proof of Jews occupying this area from the Muslim period on, even though legend has it that, when the city was conquered by Castile in 1248, King Fernando III received the key of the city from the Almohads and the keys of the Jewish quarter from the Jews. Even if this is only a legend, the two keys kept at the Treasure of the Cathedral seem to confirm it. However it is a certainty that once the city had been conquered all were handed over to the Church except three, which were bestowed upon the Jews. 25 Relations between Jews and Christian were not always peaceful. The practice of usury arose hate and mistrust among the rest of the population. The great assault taking place in 1391 put an end to the Jewish character of the neighborhood. The houses confiscated from the Jews were given to Christians, and the synagogues were turned into Christian churches, receiving the names of San Bartholomé, Santa María la Blanca and Santa Cruz. From this time on, the part of the neighborhood around the latter parish received the name under which it is known today. PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • San Bartolomé Church • Santa María la Blanca Church • Santa Cruz quarter • San Bartolomé quarter • Altamira palace • Jewish necropolis • Al-Andalus Memorial House ACTIVITIES IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Jornada europea de la cultura judía • Visitas guiadas por la judería • Iniciativas de dinamización de la judería FURTHER INFORMATION • Tourist Office, Laredo building Plaza San Francisco 19, 4º pl (41004) Sevilla Tel: 955 47 12 32. Fax: 955 47 12 31 [email protected] - www.visitasevilla.es red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 26

ARAGÓN Tarazona www.tarazona.es

Hanging Houses

In the old Turiaso [Roman name for Tarazona] there was probably a small Jewish community. However, it was not until the 12th century when the aljama was created after receiving a major boost with the conquest of Alphonse I. The Jewish Quarter enjoyed its most glorious time during the 13th century. During the War of the Two Peters (14th century), the city was looted as well as the Jewish Quarter, as it had no walls. It was Peter IV of Aragon, “the Ceremonious”, who decided to resettle the Jewry when the conflict 26 finished (1370-78). The old Jewish Quarter lies at the base of the Zuda, where the visitor can see the oldest building that has been preserved: a hamlet dating from the 14th century. Its boundary is the Selcos stream and it includes Judería Street – from where the hanging houses can be seen – and the streets Rúa Alta de Bécquer, Rúa Baja de Bécquer and Aires. It was closed by three gates. Around 1450, the “New Jewish Quarter” was mentioned, which stretched as far as Nuestra Señora Square. The Jewish Quarter of Tarazona is known for its street plan, as well as for the peculiar and emblematic hanging houses. PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Centro de Interpretación de la Judería “Moshé de Portella” [“Moshé de Portella” Visitor’s Centre of the Jewish Quarter] • The Old Jewish Quarter • The New Jewish Quarter • The Hanging Houses ACTIVITIES IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Series “Despertar del Barrio Judío” [The Awakening of the Jewry] • European Day of Jewish Culture • Guided tours around the Jewish Quarter • Series of activities for the invigoration and promotion of the Jewish Quarter FURTHER INFORMATION • Oficina Municipal de Turismo Plaza de San Francisco, 1. 50500 TARAZONA Tel.: +0034 976640074. Fax: +0034 976199075 e-mail: [email protected] red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 27

CASTILE-LA MANCHA www.toledo-turismo.com Toledo

Panoramic view of the city

Capital of Sepharad, Western . An impressive natural fortress, surrounded by walls and by the Tajo River. It is only 70 km far from Spain’s capital city. The Jewish presence in Toledo has been documented since the Visigothic period. Under the Muslims, they were considered “Men of Books”, providing them with great freedom. Under Alphonse VI, Christian rule, their growth and material prosperity continued to flourish. Since the 8th century, the Jewish Quarter of Toledo was located in the South-west part of the city, within the walls. It had five clearly defined quarters, with more than ten synagogues. Currently, we can visit: Santa María la Blanca Synagogue, also called the 27 New Synagogue of Yosef Ben Shoshan, and the Tránsito Synagogue, also the Sephardic Museum or the Synagogue of Semuel ha-Leví. PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Santa María la Blanca Synagogue (former New Synagogue of Yosef Ben Shoshan) • Tránsito Synagogue. Sephardic Museum (former Synagogue of Semuel ha-Leví) • The Jew House • The Jardín Sonoro [resonant garden] of Toledo • The bust of Semuel ha-Leví • Viewpoints of the Jewry: San Cristóbal, Virgen de Gracia and Tránsito ACTIVITIES IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Sephardic Week of Toledo. European Day of Jewish Culture • “The Tajo surrounds three cultures: the Jewish Culture”. Guided and theatrical tours with Sephardic Bus or Train • Hispano-Jewish and Sephardic Culture Summer Course at the University of Castilla-La Mancha • Series of Activities organized by the Sephardic Museum • School of Translators of Toledo (University of Castilla-La Mancha). Hebrew Language Course FURTHER INFORMATION • Ayuntamiento de Toledo. Patronato Municipal de Turismo. Plaza del Consistorio, 1. 45071 Toledo e-mail: [email protected] . Tel. +0034 925 254 030 • Oficina Municipal de Turismo “Estación de Ferrocarril (AVE) Toledo” e-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +0034 925 239 121 red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 28

CATALONIA Tortosa www.tortosaturisme.cat

Panoramic view of the Jewish Quarter

Tortosa is the capital of the Baix Ebre [Lower Ebro]. It is a strongly walled city with clear traces of a wealthy past during the Roman period, as well as during Arabian and Medieval times. La Suda Castle dominates the city and offers a splendid panoramic view. In the old part, the remains of other times and cultures can be seen one after another. In this historic town the Cathedral of Santa María, the Episcopal Palace and the streets of the Jewish Quarter are noteworthy. After the conquest of the Islamic Tortosa, in 1148, Ramon Berenguer IV donated the old Arabian shipyards to the Jewish community; this is how the so-called “call vell” [Old Jewish Quarter] was 28 created. This is the first recording of the existence of a quarter in Tortosa exclusively occupied by Jews. However, their presence in the city has been documented from the 6th century owing to the dating of the famous trilingual tombstone, which today can be visited at the permanent exhibition in the Cathedral. At the beginning of the 13th century, the new Jewish Quarter was built. Both still preserve the labyrinthine layout of their streets and some place names.

PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • The Célio Tower • Portal dels Jueus [The Jews Gate] • La Suda Castle

ACTIVITIES IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • European Day of Jewish Culture • Guided tours around the Jewish Quarter

FURTHER INFORMATION • Oficina Municipal de Turismo Plaza del Carrilet, 1. TORTOSA Tel.: +0034 977 449 648 e-mail: [email protected] red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 29

NAVARRE www.tudela.es Tudela

The Fueros Square

The first records of the Jewish presence in Tudela go back to the 9th century. They were initially settled in San Julián Street (the main street of the Vetula Jewish Quarter). In 1170, Sancho VI, “the Wise”, relocated them next to the Castle on Santa Bárbara Hill (The New Jewish Quarter). A Christian Cathedral with a Jewish and Muslim heart, an old town within a Moorish quarter and two Jewish Quarters, and important Hebrew figures of international renown, such as Benjamin of Tudela, show Tudela as a singular city where the three cultures coexisted in the heart of the Kingdom of Navarre. The Old and New Jewish Quarters, separated by a path dotted with constant references to the time when the Hebrew people 29 inhabited the city, today make an amazing itinerary that allows one to see a great part of the historic city.

PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE JEWISH QUARTERS • Yehuda Ha Levi Square • Cathedral – Synagogue (San Dionís Chapel) • Benjamín de Tudela Street • The Judería Square • Jewish House - Dombriz Street • The Dean’s Museum of Tudela

ACTIVITIES IN THE JEWISH QUARTER • Summer concerts • European Day of Jewish Culture • Exhibitions • Guided tours around the Jewish Quarters: from the Dean’s Palace Tel.: +0034 948 40 21 61

FURTHER INFORMATION • Oficina Punto de Encuentro Tel.: +0034 948 84 80 85 e-mail: [email protected] • Concejalía de Turismo Tel.: +0034 948 41 71 00 e-mail: [email protected] red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 30

ÁVILA BARCELONA

BESALÚ CÁCERES

Under the name RASGO, the Spanish Network of Jewish Quarters presents an ambitious project based on the excellent services and CALAHORRA CASTELLÓ D´EMPÚRIES tourist products that are offered by the Jewish Quarters belonging to the Network, in order to promote quality cultural tourism based on the Sephardic legacy. RASGO focuses on the five pillars that comprise a CÓRDOBA ESTELLA LIZARRA tourist product, in order to cover the five basic necessities of the visitor:

Eat R Restaurants Sleep A Accommodation GIRONA HERVÁS Find important landmarks S Signposting Good explanations G Guides Participate in cultural activities O Offer of cultural activities JAÉN LEÓN Restaurants that offer Sephardic-style food. The restaurants with the RASGO sign have on their menus a permanent offer of dishes based on Sephardic recipes, maintaining MONFORTE DE LEMOS OVIEDO the basic rules of the Jewish law, both in the dishes and the menus. Another attraction is their Sephardic-like decoration in some of the common areas of the restaurant.

Accommodation with charm in the Jewish Quarters. PALMA PLASENCIA Accommodation with the RASGO sign, with Sephardic themes or music to provide atmosphere, also provides their clients with tourist and cultural information about the Jewish Quarters in the city. RIBADAVIA SEGOVIA Signposting or common elements on signs in the Jewish Quarters. The commitment of RASGO as regards signposting allows the visitor to take a walk on their own, in which they will find the routes through SEVILLA TARAZONA the Jewish Quarter signposted by means of small plaques with the symbol of the Network in bronze, and/or additional signals.

Guides with specific training about Jewish culture. TOLEDO TORTOSA However, if you want to take a guided tour of any of the cities in the Network, we propose the hiring of any of our tourist guides with RASGO credentials. They have a wide historical knowledge of each of the Jewish Quarters, and they are also experts on Jewish culture. TUDELA

Offer of activities related to Jewish culture Routes, guided tours and open-air participative activities take place in many of our cities and they increase the variety and quality of the tourist offer of the city. red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:56 Página 31

[ ÁVILA ] [ BARCELONA] + 34 920 354 000 + 34 93 402 71 58 [email protected] [email protected]

[ BESALÚ ] [ CÁCERES ] + 34 972 591 240 + 34 927 255 765 [email protected] [email protected]

[ CALAHORRA ] [ CASTELLÓ D´EMPÚRIES ] + 34 941 105 058 + 34 972 250 426 [email protected] [email protected]

[ CÓRDOBA ] [ ESTELLA-LLIZARRA ] + 34 957 200 522 + 34 948 548 202 [email protected] [email protected]

[ GIRONA ] [ HERVÁS ] + 34 972 216 761 + 34 927 481 002 [email protected] [email protected]

[ JAÉN ] [ LEÓN ] + 34 953 219 181 + 34 987 878 348 [email protected] [email protected]

[ MONFORTE DE LEMOS ] [ OVIEDO ] + 34 982 404 404 + 34 985 276 801 [email protected] + 34 985 238 520 [email protected]

[ PALMA ] [ PLASENCIA ] + 34 971 225 986 + 34 927  [email protected] [email protected]

[ RIBADAVIA ] [ SEGOVIA ] + 34 988 471 275 + 34 921 460 354 [email protected] [email protected]

[ SEVILLA ] [ TARAZONA ] + 34 955 471 232 + 34 976 640 074 [email protected] [email protected]

[ TOLEDO ] [ TORTOSA ] + 34 925 330 797 + 34 977 510 144 [email protected] [email protected]

[ TUDELA ] + 34 948 417 100 / [email protected] red de juderias folleto ingles_Maquetación 1 14/02/12 15:57 Página 32

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