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Ground and Surface Water Linkages Tracing the extension of newly discovered paleo-channel near Prayagraj and 3D mapping of aquifer system in the middle Ganga plain in collaboration with CGWB and NGRI Ground and surface water linkages • Surface water and ground water are linked as component in hydrological-ecological system • Abstraction from and Surface Ground contamination of either one will flow water affect each other. • During lean season flow in streams is augmented by Ground water. River Ganga (Rejuvenation, Protection, Management) Authorities Order, 2016 Principles to be followed specifies: • The integral relationship between the surface flow and sub-surface water (ground water) shall be restored and maintained. • The bank of River Ganga and its flood plain shall be construction free Zone to reduce pollution sources, pressures and to maintain its natural ground water recharge functions BACKGROUND Recently (December, 2018), the CSIR-NGRI, under the aegis of MoWR-RD-GR, conducted helicopter borne geophysical survey covering Prayagraj and Kaushambi region led Kaushambi significant findings as: ❑ 3D structural settings of aquifer system Prayagraj ❑ Discovery of a buried paleo channel Block-A+ Block-A: CGWB approved (ancient river, now underground) that joins NGRI acquired area N additional Yamuna river at Durgapur village, roughly data using Tie Line own funding Flight Line 26 km south of the current Ganga-Yamuna Sangam at Prayagraj. ALLHABAD Sangam ❑ Aquifer merging at places due to tectonic activities. Distance scale (m) River Ganga has good hydrogeological 0 10 20 Elevation (amsl m) ❑ connectivity with surrounding aquifers Confirmed by Discovered ancient buried river drilling Dimension: ❑ Around 4 km wide, ❑ 45 km long and ❑ ~15 m thick layer ❑ buried under 10- ? 15 m thick soil Volume of Paleochannel 2.7 *109 m3 40-50% can be used for GWR storage through managed aquifer recharge In any case this mega feature of buried paleo channel can be converted as groundwater reserves by diverting surface run off of the rainfall through managed aquifer recharge structure. Proposed to extend the survey NEW PROPOSED PROGRAM further west ward from Kaushambi to Kanpur (Bock B) Proposed area of extension to conclude the finding of paleo for paleo channel Mapping channel which will work as potential feature for managed A: CGWB approved block A+: CSIR-NGRI extended block of A aquifer recharge. B: proposed area of Extension B Knowledge on subsurface connectivity between Ganga and Yamuna rivers will play very A+ crucial role in planning of Ganga A cleaning as well as protecting the safe groundwater resources. Area: ~ 8500 sq.km Location: Ganga-Yamuna doab between Kaushambi and Kanpur, U.P. Objectives Methodology/approach Integrated HydroGeophysical investigations including • Tracking the inferred paleo • heliborne, ground and borhole geophysics. channel further northwestward • 3D Geophysical model of hydrogeological settings • Validation and correlation through drilling and logging 3D Mapping of Principal Aquifers • • Translating geophysical model into hydrogeological system settings • 4-6 recoverable bore log to get sediment samples • Establishing linkages between from the region along and adjacent to the paleo aquifer system including paleo channel for reconstruction. channel with river system Deliverables • 3D resistivity map with geometrical settings of principal aquifers • Paleo channel map and its 3D catchment of sediments • Linkages between aquifer system including paleo channel and river system NGRI (2009) How this is useful? Groundwater over-exploitation declining of water level Reduction of Baseflow Reduction in RIVER DISCHARGE CONTRIBUTION FOR HIMALAYAN river water flow RIVERS Monsoon Dry Season 1) Strong need of Managed aquifer Season recharge (MAR) Glacier 5% 60% where? Precipitation 90% 5% 2) Subsurface linkages for groundwater Groundwater 5% 35% (baseflow) contaminant migration? B How this is useful? ? SUBSURFACE INTER-LINKAGES The river Ganga, Yamuna and discovered ancient river are connected at places through first principal A aquifer A 130 B 120 110 Yamuna R. Buried paleo R. 100 Ganga R. 90 80 70 60 Vindhyan 50 Hard rock. 40 Principal aquifer-I 30 20 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000 40000 42000 44000 46000 48000 50000 52000 Distance [m] Cleaning Ganga & contamination groundwater and recharge aquifer for -Crucial LINKAGES INTER- SUBSURFACE ? How this isuseful? How E C D F - - - 200 100 100 300 -350 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 100 150 -50 50 0 0 100 E 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 00 1 50 1 00 50 0 C 0 0 0 1000 500 2000 1000 3000 EW 1500 10 2000 Vindhyan 4000 6 2500 formation 5000 3000 6000 3500 100 7000 4000 8000 4500 5 Paleo River Paleo 9000 5000 5500 10000 6000 11000 6500 12000 7000 13000 7500 14000 8000 8500 15000 9000 16000 950010 17000 10000 18000 10500 19000 11000 20000 11500 12000 21000 Aquifer- of Merging 12500 22000 13000 23000 13500 24000 14000 25000 1450015 15000 26000 15500 27000 16000 28000 Aquifer-I 16500 (km) Distance 29000 17000 30000 Aquifer-I 17500 Distance [m] Distance 31000 18000 18500 Aquifer- 32000 1 2 50 2 00 1 50 1 00 50 0 19000 I 33000 1950020 34000 II & 20000 35000 EW 20500 10 21000 II 36000 4 21500 37000 Aquifer-I with R Ganga of Connectivity 22000 38000 100 22500 39000 23000 40000 23500 41000 24000 2450025 42000 Aquifer-I with R sediment Ganga of Connectivity 25000 43000 25500 R. Ganga 44000 26000 45000 26500 46000 27000 Aquifer- Ganga R. 27500 1 2 50 2 00 1 50 1 00 50 47000 0 28000 48000 28500 Thank Thank you 49000 Aquifer-I 29000 EW 10 50000 II 2950030 51000 30000 2 52000 30500 31000 53000 100 31500 54000 32000 55000 32500 56000 33000 57000 33500 58000 34000 3450035 59000 35000 60000 35500 61000 36000 62000 36500 63000 37000 D F 37500 64000 Addressing the urban drivers of river health in the Ganga River Basin 27 Sep 2019 Project Concept Project Concept Sewer Networks Cleanliness Drives Treatment Plants Ghat development Water body conservation Research and Innovations Project Concept Need to integrate river health management into the long-term planning for a city Project Objectives OBJECTIVE 1: Develop Strategic Guidelines to mainstream urban river aageet ito a city’s Master Pla Vancouver’s River Dist., Canada Busan River City, South Korea River City, Gothenburg, Sweden, Europe Södertälje, Sweden, Europe Qinhuangdao, China Project Objectives OBJECTIVE 2: Supporting the city of Kanpur in the development of an Urban River Management Plan National Mission for Clean Ganga Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation Ministry of Jal Shakti Government of India 27th September, 2019 Ganga River Basin – Fact Sheet Total length of river is 2525 km with longest stretch of 1000 km in Uttar GANGOTRI Pradesh JOSHIMATH Catchment area of the basin is 2 HARIDWAR 8,61,404 km . 11 states in the Ganga Basin with 5 on Ganga main stem NARORA KANNAUJ KANPUR ALLAHABAD PATNA VARANASI HOOGHLY KOLKATA 2 Ganga Basin covers 26 % of India’s total landmass India’s 43% population resides in Ganga Basin Contributes 28% of India's water resources Habitat for rich Biodiversity 3 Information Source: National Mission for Clean Ganga; Ganga River Basin Management Plan; Agropedia (IIT Kanpur) 4 Pollution in River Ganga Central Pollution Control Board Standard for Bathing (Class ‘B’) Dissolved Oxygen (DO) >= 5mg/l, Issues related to Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) <= 3mg/l Faecal Coliform Faecal Coliform <= 500mpn/ 100ml Critically Polluted Stretch in terms of B.O.D and Faecal Coliform Issues related to Faecal Coliform 5 Major Polluters Municipal Industrial Solid Waste Non Point Pollution Waste Water sources 6 Efforts Towards Ganga Conservation A Shift Towards Basin Based Approach GAP I GAP II NRCP NGRBA •Launched in •Extended from •Launched in - Separate Namami Gange 1985 GAP I in 1993 1995 Authority for Launched in •41 major Rivers Ganga in 2009 • •Focus on Main •Merged with 2015 stem of River NRCP in 1996 of the country - Chaired by Integrated Ganga •Included – •8 Ganga basin Prime Minister • conservation •25 Towns Yamuna, rivers viz Ganga, of India Covered Gomti, Yamuna, Gomti, mission - NMCG •260 schemes Damodar & Damodar • Basin approach Mahananda Mahananda, implementing Betwa, body at center • All tributaries Mandakini, and SPMGs at included Ramganga states • GAP :Ganga Action Plan • NRCP :National River Conservation Plan • NGRBA :National Ganga River Basin Authority • NMCG :National Mission for Clean Ganga • SPMGs:State Program Management Groups 7 Salient Features of Namami Gange PREVIOUS EFFORTS NAMAMI GANGE River Wise program : (GAP I, GAP II, Comprehensive integrated programme YAP I, Gomti Action Plan etc.) Central Sector Centrally sponsored (100% Govt. of India funding for new projects) Long term O&M (15 years) included in O&M main bottleneck with state funds project cost Lack of Finances/ Uncertainty on 5 years dedicated budget allocation availability of funds Hybrid Annuity Mode Performance linked No Performance based PPP Approach – payments Comprehensive program including Rural sanitation, Aviral dhara, Afforestation, Focus on Urban Sector only Biodiversity, Communication and Public outreach etc. 8 Namami Gange Programme Components: i. Pollution Abatement ❖ Sewerage Infrastructure ❖ Solid waste management ❖ Industrial Pollution Abatement ❖ Rural Sanitation ❖ Water Quality Monitoring ii. River Front, Ghats and Crematoria iii. Urban River Management plan iv. Aviral Dhara v. Research and Knowledge management vi. Afforestation and Biodiversity conservation
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