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Les Logiques Patriarcales Au Sein D'eelv À Strasbourg

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Les Logiques Patriarcales Au Sein D'eelv À Strasbourg Les logiques patriarcales au sein d’EELV à Strasbourg Yannick Sabau-Chainais To cite this version: Yannick Sabau-Chainais. Les logiques patriarcales au sein d’EELV à Strasbourg. Science politique. 2015. dumas-01292566 HAL Id: dumas-01292566 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01292566 Submitted on 23 Mar 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Yannick Sabau-Chainais Master 2 Recherche Sociologie et Institutions du Politique ir r is s us ir ti si ur r ri wi i Septembre 2015 Les logiques patriarcales au sein d'EELV à Strasbourg Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne - Département de Science Politique 1 2 Remerciments Je remercie Frédéric Sawicki d’avoir accepté de diriger mon mémoire et du temps qu’il m’a consacré. Un mémoire comme n’importe quelle production est toujours un travail collectif aussi je me dois de remercier les personnes qui y ont contribué. Merci à Magali pour sa patience et son soutien. L’idée de ce mémoire est liée { un engagement pro-féministe qui ne va pas de soi et qui a été rendu possible par des femmes qui m’ont peu { peu sensibiliser et former { ce combat, en devant me supporter moi et mon mansplaining. Merci à Lucie, Magali, Vanessa, Julie, Anna et Malvina et toutes les autres. Un grand merci à Magali, Lucie, Marion, Emmanuel et Yeun qui par leurs relectures, corrections et critiques ont grandement amélioré la qualité de ce travail. 3 "Lorsqu'un groupe est au pouvoir, c'est lui qui répand l'idéologie, qui dicte ses catégories. Le groupe au pouvoir, qui a besoin de justifier sa domination, rejette dans la différence ceux qu'il opprime : ils ou elles ne peuvent être traités en égaux puisque… Ainsi les colonisés étaient généralement « paresseux », « incapables » de faire fructifier eux-mêmes leurs terres, etc. Ces "différences", on ne les attribue pas à une histoire spécifique, car l'histoire évolue, elle peut amener des révolutions. Il est plus sûr pour l'oppresseur de parler de différences naturelles, invariables par définition. D'où les idéologies raciste et sexiste. Ainsi le statut d'infériorité vient inextricablement du statut de différence." Sabine Lambert, dir., Questions Féministes : 1977 - 1980, Paris, Syllepse, 2012, p31. 4 Table des matières Remerciments .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 8 I. Les rapports de domination genrés dans les organisations partisanes de gauche ... 9 A. Pourquoi le MLF ? ......................................................................................................................... 9 B. Quarante ans plus tard : évolutions et permanences des rapports genrés dans les organisations partisanes de gauche. .................................................................................... 13 C. EELV, une organisation à part ?............................................................................................. 17 II. Bilan bibliographique .................................................................................................................... 19 A. Les apports des études féministes. ...................................................................................... 19 1. Genre, classe de sexe, patriarcat : rompre avec le naturalisme, penser et lutter contre la domination masculine. ................................................................................................ 19 2. La connaissance située comme condition de la connaissance. ............................. 22 B. Etudes féministes et sciences politiques. .......................................................................... 25 C. EELV du point de vue du genre. ............................................................................................ 28 III. Construction d'objet, hypothèses ............................................................................................ 29 IV. L'enquête - fiche technique. ....................................................................................................... 30 Première partie : Un parti égalitaire ...................................................................................... 34 I. Mise en perspective historique ................................................................................................... 34 A. Histoire d'EELV sous l'angle du genre ................................................................................ 34 1. Aux origines de l’écologie politique ................................................................................ 34 2. L’héritage libertaire et critique de la forme partisane : un terrain favorable ? 36 3. Avant le parti, un mouvement très marqué par la forme associative. ............... 37 4. Des femmes dirigeantes, le cas du mouvement écologiste en Alsace. ............... 38 B. Naissance des Verts et mise en place de la parité .......................................................... 43 1. L'impact du féminisme. ........................................................................................................ 43 5 2. L'exemple des Grünen .......................................................................................................... 44 3. La parité chez les Verts : un processus au long cours. ............................................. 46 II. Un parti égalitaire ........................................................................................................................... 49 A. Une organisation paritaire ...................................................................................................... 49 B. "Fermeture éclair", "tourniquet": la parité, un dispositif parmi d'autres. ............. 52 C. Un parti féministe ....................................................................................................................... 55 III. L'apprentissage de la norme paritaire à EELV : l'exemple d'un jeune écologiste 59 Deuxième partie: derrière la façade la permanence des logiques patriarcales. .... 66 I. Un parti égalitaire donc sans inégalités. .................................................................................. 67 A. Une vision téléologique du “progrès” ................................................................................. 71 B. Le féminisme, un sujet peu présent et aux contours flous. ........................................ 73 II. Explications, justifications et euphémisations indigènes des inégalités. .................. 77 A. “C’est mieux que dans les autres partis” ............................................................................ 78 B. La faute au champ politique ................................................................................................... 79 C. La faute de la société. ................................................................................................................. 80 D. Les femmes sont pas passives face à leur oppression ................................................. 82 III. La parité contre l'égalité ? .......................................................................................................... 83 A. Retour sur les débats autour de la parité. ......................................................................... 84 B. Le stigmate de la parité, rappel { l’ordre patriarcal ...................................................... 87 C. Une institutionnalisation de la division des femmes ? ................................................. 88 IV. Les poids "lourds" .......................................................................................................................... 91 V. Des stratégies d’exclusion des femmes professionnelles de la politique dans un parti paritaire. ................................................................................................................................................ 94 A. “La société civile”. ....................................................................................................................... 96 B. Le renouvellement ..................................................................................................................... 99 C. Diviser (les femmes) pour régner. .................................................................................... 100 VI. Conscience de classe de sexe des hommes. ...................................................................... 102 A. "Victime" de la parité. ............................................................................................................ 102 6 B. Un comportement différencié selon les contextes : l'exemple de l'humour sexiste 103 C. L'entre soi des hommes comme lieu de pouvoir ......................................................... 108 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 111 Annexes ..........................................................................................................................................
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