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1 Universidade Federal Da Bahia Faculdade De 1 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS PROGRAMA MULTIDISCIPLINAR DE PÓS-GRADUAÇAO EM ESTUDOS ÉTNICOS E AFRICANOS LUIZA NASCIMENTO DOS REIS O CENTRO DE ESTUDOS AFRO-ORIENTAIS DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA: INTERCÂMBIO ACADÊMICO E CULTURAL ENTRE BRASIL E ÁFRICA (1959-1964) Salvador – BA 2010 2 LUIZA NASCIMENTO DOS REIS O CENTRO DE ESTUDOS AFRO-ORIENTAIS DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA: INTERCÂMBIO ACADÊMICO E CULTURAL ENTRE BRASIL E ÁFRICA (1959-1964) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa Multidisciplinar em Estudos Étnicos e Africanos da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal da Bahia (FFCH-UFBa), como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de mestre em Estudos Étnicos e Africanos. Orientador: Prof. Dr°. Jocélio Teles dos Santos. Salvador – BA 2010 3 Este trabalho é dedicado a todas as pessoas que se esforçam em melhor conhecer o continente africano. 4 AGRADECIMENTOS Quero expressar minha profunda gratidão a diversas pessoas e instituições que contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho. A Jocélio Santos agradeço a orientação recebida, o estímulo para o longo trabalho nos arquivos, a confiança em mim depositada para a realização da pesquisa. Cláudio Pereira compartilhou comigo seu interesse pela história do CEAO oferecendo- me importantes elementos para a compreensão de tão longa trajetória. Jéferson Bacelar apresentou importantes textos que me permitiram leituras indispensáveis e somente possíveis por se tratar de outro guardião de memórias da instituição alvo desta pesquisa. Agradeço a todos a participação no Exame de Qualificação. Sou grata a Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia por me conceder uma bolsa de estudos ao longo do curso; à Fundação Pierre Verger por permitir a consulta a seus arquivos; igualmente a Centro de Documentação do Ministério das Relações Exteriores e ao Arquivo do Senado. À bibliotecária Solange e aos funcionários Graça e Ari, do Centro de Estudos Afro-Orientais, sou grata pela paciência em permitir o acesso a tão vasto acervo. A Lindinalva Barbosa, secretária da Pós-Graduação, agradeço a presença animadora. Das personalidades cujas vidas são abordadas direta ou indiretamente nestas páginas, agradeço aos que me concederam entrevistas: Pedro Agostinho, Waldir Oliveira, Paulo Farias, Anani Dzidzienyo. Agradeço enormemente aos professores e colegas participantes das reuniões da linha de pesquisa em Estudos Africanos durante o ano de 2008/2009 que instigaram o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Importantes contributos foram oferecidos pelos professores Jacques Depelchin, Nicolau Parés, Elisée Soumonni. Pude compartilhar do interesse, diálogo e amizade de colegas como Orlando Santos, Simão Jaime, Lia Laranjeira, Fernanda Galo, Fábio Baqueiro. Impossível não destacar o cuidado com que Fernanda Gallo esteve disponível para auxiliar-me nas diversas demandas surgidas ao longo do trabalho especialmente aquelas referentes às traduções da língua francesa. Com seu auxílio entrevistei o professor Soumonni, traduzimos documentos escritos em francês. Quando o volume de cartas parecia impossível de ser trabalhado, Fernanda ajudou-me no enfadonho trabalho de transcrição e digitalização, ao que agradeço profundamente. 5 Fábio Baqueiro, sempre interessado no crescimento e aprofundamento da pesquisa, discutiu e alertou para aspectos relevantes, emprestou livros, sugeriu contatos, estimulou a difícil realização de entrevistas. Sob seu intermédio pude ter acesso a uma das mais significativas contribuições para esta investigação: uma entrevista com Paulo Farias. Fábio colaborou ainda para traduções do inglês. Juvenal de Carvalho foi um acurado interlocutor responsável pelo empréstimo de livros, leituras dos originais, aprofundamento de discussões. Muniz Ferreira discutiu o texto do exame de qualificação, emprestou e sugeriu leituras fundamentais para a análise aqui desenvolvida, compartilhou contatos que permitiram ampliar a rede de informantes da história do CEAO. Agradeço a Johny que me fez conhecer mais da história de Gana. Agradeço aos colegas de curso com as quais compartilhei a experiência de estar em Salvador, ao tempo em que comigo discutiram – ou somente escutaram – os percalços, descobertas e meandros dessa pesquisa, tornando-se amigos e amigas. Agradeço a Valdinéa Sacramento, a Tatiana Raquel Reis, a Adriana Cerqueira, a Ana Rita Machado. Viviane Barbosa e Evaldo Barros compartilharam momentos cruciais para a redação final do texto estimulando-me e tranqüilizando-me. Washington Jesus cuidou com inestimável profissionalismo os dados inseridos nos dois computadores que falharam na reta final desta jornada. Meus agradecimentos àqueles que, fazendo parte de minha trajetória anterior ao curso do mestrado, estimularam-me a aceitar novos desafios. Sou grata ao estímulo de Laila Brichta e Flávio Gonçalves que impulsionaram o desenvolvimento da pesquisa desde os anos finais da graduação em História, na Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz. Sou grata a Rosenice do Rosário, Aline Areia, Ana Paula Araújo, Silvio Pinto, Andréa Sousa, Margareth Santana, Marcelo Loyola, Ronaldo Cruz pela amizade e estímulo. Minha família ofereceu-me o apoio incondicional para que minha vida transcorresse o mais tranquilamente possível durante a realização deste curso. Meus profundos agradecimentos aos meus pais Elisa Maria Nascimento e José Tibúrcio dos Reis. Às minhas irmãs Sarah e Juliana Reis. Às minhas tias maternas Joana Maria e Maria José Nascimento. À Marília, minha sobrinha, agradeço a compreensão pelas ausências. Ivanilton Santos (Freeza) revelou-me os significados que a palavra companheirismo pode assumir, acompanhando-me com amor, paciência e criatividade nesta dinâmica diversa que um curso de pós-graduação requer. Com tod@s compartilho a alegria de finalizar este trabalho. 6 RESUMO Este trabalho investiga a instalação e funcionamento do Centro de Estudos Afro- Orientais na Universidade (Federal) da Bahia, na promoção do intercâmbio acadêmico com países do continente africano, entre os anos de 1959 e 1964. A criação do CEAO, representa um marco no país, já que foi a primeira instituição acadêmica com objetivo de dedicar-se ao conhecimento da África. Seus objetivos perpassavam pela difusão destes conhecimentos no país, além de atuar como um instrumento político de ligação entre o Brasil e os países do continente africano. Dentre outros fatores, o CEAO era resultado de uma aproximação oficial com países africanos empreendida pelo governo brasileiro, cuja formalização – através da Política Externa Independente – ocorreu dois anos depois, em 1961. O fomento ao intercâmbio acadêmico, com ênfase na difusão de expressões culturais, entre países africanos e a Bahia, movimentando pesquisadores, professores e estudantes, constituiu a principal ação prevista pelo CEAO, de acordo com os direcionamentos do diretor-fundador luso-brasileiro George Agostinho da Silva. Destaca-se nesse período a atuação de pesquisadores como Vivaldo da Costa Lima, Waldir Freitas Oliveira, Pierre Verger, Guilherme Souza Castro e Yeda Pessoa de Castro. 7 ABSTRACT This work investigates the installation and operation of the Center for Afro- Oriental Studies at the University (Federal) of Bahia, in the promotion of academic exchanges with African countries, between the years 1959 and 1964. The creation of CEAO, represents a milestone in the country, since it was the first academic institution in order to devote himself to the knowledge of Africa. Pass by their goals through the dissemination of such knowledge in the country, besides acting as a political tool of connection between Brazil and African countries. Among other factors, CEAO was the result of an official approach to African countries undertaken by the Brazilian government, whose formalization – through independent foreign policy – came two years later in 1961. Fostering the academic, with emphasis on the dissemination of cultural expressions, between African countries and Bahia, moving researchers, teachers and students, is the principal action planned by CEAO, according to the directions of the director-founder Luso-Brazilian George Augustine's Silva. Outstanding feature of this period the work of researchers like Vivaldo da Costa Lima, Waldir Freitas Oliveira, Pierre Verger, Guilherme Souza Castro and Yeda Pessoa de Castro 8 LISTAS DE SIGLAS E ABREVIATURAS AC: Arquivo do CEAO AT: Jornal A Tarde CAPES: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior CEAA: Centro de Estudos Afro-Asiáticos CEAO: Centro de Estudos Afro-Orientais CDO: Centro de Documentação e Originais DIAMANG: Companhia de Diamantes da Angola DN: Diário de Notícias EB: Estado da Bahia EP: Escola Politécnica FACEB: Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas FAMED: Faculdade de Medicina FLDB: Faculdade Livre de Direito da Bahia FF: Faculdade de Filosofia FPV: Fundação Pierre Verger IBEAA: Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos Afro-Asiáticos IBECC: Instituto Brasileiro de Educação, Cultura e Ciência IFAN: Instituto Francês da África Negra INEP: Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas JB: Jornal da Bahia MAFRO: Museu Afro-Brasileiro MPLA: Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola MRE: Ministério das Relações Exteriores PEI: Política Externa Independente SENAI: Serviço Nacional de Apoio a Indústria UBa: Universidade da Bahia UFBA: Universidade Federal da Bahia UCI: University College Ibadan/ Universidade de Ibadan UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific ad Cultural Organization/Organização das Nações Unidas para saúde, Educação e Cultura 9 SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO.............................................................................................................11
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