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COMPETING URBAN VISIONS FOR THE CAPITAL OF ALBANIA: INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS FOR TIRANA CITY CENTRE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY ODETA DURMİSHİ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IN ARCHITECTURE OCTOBER, 2008 Approval of the thesis: COMPETING URBAN VISIONS FOR THE CAPITAL OF ALBANIA: INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS FOR TIRANA CITY CENTRE submitted by ODETA DURMİSHİ in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Architecture, Middle East Technical University and approved by, Prof. Dr. Canan Özgen Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences ___________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Güven Arif Sargın Head of Department, Architecture ___________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cânâ Bilsel Supervisor, Architecture Dept., METU ___________________ Members of the Examining Committee: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ali Cengizkan City and Regional Planning Dept., METU ___________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cânâ Bilsel Architecture Dept., METU ___________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Güven Arif Sargın Architecture Dept., METU ___________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Baykan Günay Architecture Dept., METU ___________________ Inst. Namık Erkal Architecture Dept., METU ___________________ Date: (October, 6th 2008) ii I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last Name: Odeta DURMİSHİ Signature: iii ABSTRACT COMPETING URBAN VISIONS FOR THE CAPITAL OF ALBANIA: INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS FOR TIRANA CITY CENTRE Durmishi, Odeta M. Sc. in Architecture, Department of Architecture Supervisor: Cânâ Bilsel, Assoc. Prof. Dr. October 2008, 164 pages This thesis concentrates on urban regeneration as a strategy of urban transformation in general and in the context of post-communist countries in particular. The spatial transformations in cities resulted by the urban renewal and regeneration processes are currently under discussion in Albania. The present research is based on three pillars: a review of the urban transformation, renewal and regeneration in the West and in post-socialist cities in particular; exploring the historical formation and transformation of the Tirana city centre; and finally the regeneration of the city centre through a series of international competitions as a completely new model introduced by the municipality. The thesis focuses particularly on the international competition organized to iv obtain the master plan for the regeneration of the Tirana city centre; it compares the main concepts, ideas and features of the three shortlisted entries: Those of Architecture Studio, Mecanoo Arkitekten and Boles and Wilson. The winning master plan is evaluated with regard to the objectives of the regeneration, its integration with the existing built environment and open spaces, as well as the process of implementation. Within this framework, the thesis aims to study and evaluate this process to direct the urban development through a master plan competition completed by a series of urban design and architectural competitions. The process of regeneration of the centre of Tirana illustrates that despite the increased capacity of the citizens in Albania in participating in the decision making of the government, the public participation in the planning process was a difficult task despite the efforts of the Municipality. Yet, the enthusiasm that the new vision of Tirana brings is considerable. Keywords: urban regeneration, urban project, post-communist city, Tirana competition, Architecture Studio, city spine. v ÖZ ARNAVUTLUĞUN BAŞKENTİ İÇİN YARIŞAN KENT VİZYONLARI: TİRAN KENT MERKEZİ İÇİN ULUSLARARASI PROJELER Durmishi, Odeta Yüksek Lisans, Bina Anabilim Dali, Mimarlık Bölümü, Bina Bilgisi Tez Yöneticisi: Doç. Dr. Cânâ Bilsel Eylül, 2008, 164 sayfa Bu tez, genel anlamda bir kentsel dönüşüm stratejisi olarak kentsel yeniden canlandırma olgusuna özellikle post-sosyalist ülkelerdeki bağlamla ilişkilendirerek odaklanmaktadır. Kentsel yeniden canlandırma ve yenileşme süreçlerinin yarattığı mekânsal dönüşümler Arnavutluk’ta son dönemde tartışma konusudur. Yapılan araştırma temelde üç ana bölümden oluşmaktadır: Batı ülkelerinde ve post-sosyalist ülkelerdeki kentsel dönüşüm, kentsel yenileme ve vi yenileşme; Tiran kent merkezinin tarihi olarak oluşumu ve dönüşümü ve son olarak kent merkezinin yeniden canlandırılması için açılan master plan yarışması ve açılması sürdürülen uluslararası kentsel tasarım yarışmaları. Bu çerçevede, bu tez çalışması kentteki değişimin niteliğini ve kentteki morfolojik değişikliklerin politik, sosyal ve ekonomik etkenlerle ilişkilerinin değerlendirilmesini hedeflemektedir. Bu çalışma özellikle Tiran kent merkezinin yeniden canlandırılması için uygulanması düşünülen nazım planın elde edilmesi için düzenlenen uluslararası yarışmaya odaklanmakta; bu bölümde son elemeye kalan 3 kentsel projenin – Architecture Studio, Mekanoo Arkitekten ve Boles-Wilson tarafından önerilen projelerin- temel kavramlar, fikirler ve özellikler üzerinde karşılaştırmalı bir değerlendirmesini yapmaktadır. Kazanan proje uygulamanın yanında, kentsel yenileşme konusundaki hedefleri, yapılı çevreye ve açık alanlara olan uyumu açısından değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çerçevede tez, yapılan nazım planı yarışması aracılığıyla kentsel gelişmeyi yönlendiren bu süreci incelemeyi ve değerlendirmeyi amaçlar. Daha sonra düzenlenen bir dizi kentsel ve mimari tasarım yarışması bu nazım planı tamamlanmaktadır. Tiran kent merkezinin yenileşmesi süreci göstermektedir ki önceden sosyalist bir ülke olan Arnavutluk’ta kentlilerin yönetimin kararlarına katılma kapasiteleri artmakla birlikte, belediyenin tüm çabalarına karşın, planlama sürecine kamusal katılım konusu zor bir süreç olmuştur. Yine de, bu sürecin büyük bir heyecan kaynağı ve Tiran’ın gelecek vizyonunun oluşturulmasında faydalı olduğu söylenebilir. Anahtar kelimeler: kentsel yenileşme, kentsel proje, post-sosyalist kent, Tiran Kentsel Tasarım Yarışması, Architecture Studio, kent omurgası vii To my family... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Forgetting the exhaustive period I had to spent both in Turkey and Albania for the sake of this thesis, I am very glad and honored to contribute even this much with a study to my lovely country, most precisely to Tirana. I would be very mean not to mention the significant involvement of several people in this project. I would like to truthfully express my profound gratitude to my thesis supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cânâ Bilsel firstly for the tolerance and patience shown during her distant instructions meanwhile I was in Albania where most of the project developed and secondly for her valuable ideas, knowledge and support transmitted and reflected in this work. Particular thankfulness is expressed to Albanian architect Besnik Aliaj, jury member Elia Zenghelis, Architecture Studio representative Rodo Tisnado and lastly MVRDV representative Martin Rein for their kindness and not hesitating in giving their interviews. I have to thank all those fellows mentioning here Adelina Greca, Valbona Koçi, Alban Tartari, Marsela Plyku, Yasemin Ilkay and Armanda Koçillari who helped me in providing material and information related to the study. Best regards to my friends Ilda Daci and Desantila Rrumbullaku for their encouragement and moral support during my stay here in Turkey. A very special but not sufficient thankfulness goes to my lovely parents, my brother Blenard and his wife Drinalda for their greatest support throughout my education and entire life. At last, I owe particular debt to my life-mate Edmond Manahasa… ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………..iv ÖZ…………………………………………………………………………..vi DEDICATION…………………………………………………………...viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………ix TABLE OF CONTENTS....……………………………………………….x LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………….xiv LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………….…...xv CHAPTERS 1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................... 1 1.1. Definition of Research Problem...................................................... 1 1.2. Scope and the Aim of Study............................................................ 2 1.3. Methodology of the Research ....................................................... ..3 1.3.1. The Purpose............................................….….…………….3 1.3.2. The Collection and Analysis of Data......….…..……………3 1.3. Theisis outline ............................................................................... ..5 2. URBAN TRANSFORMATION, URBAN RENEWAL AND URBAN REGENERATION..........................................................................................9 2.1. Urban Transformation, Renewal and Regeneration:Definition and Historical Evolution ................................................................................. 9 2.1.1. Urban Transformation.......….……......................…………..9 2.1.2. Urban Renewal.....................................................................10 2.1.2. Urban Regeneration ............................................................12 2.2. Post-Socialist Transformation of Cities in the Countries of Old Eastern Block..........................................................................................18 x 2.3. Urban Regeneration
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