The Use and Effectiveness of Hypnosis and the Cognitive Interview for Enhancing Eyewitness Recall
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The Cognitive Interview for Witnesses with High-Functioning Autism
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Bath Research Portal Citation for published version: Maras, KL & Bowler, DM 2010, 'The cognitive interview for eyewitnesses with autism spectrum disorder', Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 1350-1360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010- 0997-8 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-010-0997-8 Publication date: 2010 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication The final publication is available at link.springer.com University of Bath General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 13. May. 2019 Cognitive Interview and ASD 1 The cognitive interview for witnesses with autism spectrum disorder Katie L. Maras Dermot M Bowler Autism Research Group City University Running Head: Cognitive interview and ASD 1 Cognitive Interview and ASD 2 Abstract The Cognitive Interview (CI) is one of the most widely accepted forms of interviewing techniques for eliciting the most detailed, yet accurate reports from witnesses. No research, however, has examined its effectiveness with witnesses with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Twenty-six adults with ASD and 26 matched typical adults viewed a video of an enacted crime, and were then interviewed with either a CI, or a Structured Interview (SI) without the CI mnemonics. -
Cognitive Hypnotherapy for Psychological Management of Depression in Palliative Care
Review Article Cognitive hypnotherapy for psychological management of depression in palliative care Assen Alladin Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary Medical School, Calgary, Canada Correspondence to: Assen Alladin, PhD. R.Psych. Department of Psychiatry, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada. Email: [email protected]. Abstract: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in palliative care is well documented, yet they often remain undetected and untreated, adding further to the burden of suffering on patients who are already facing severe physical and psychosocial problems. This article will focus on depression as it represents one of the most common psychiatric disorders treated by psychiatrists and psychotherapists in palliative care. Although depression in palliative care can be treated successfully with antidepressant medication and psychotherapy, a significant number of depressives do not respond to either medication or existing psychotherapies. This is not surprising considering depression is a complex disorder. Moreover, the presentation of depression in palliative care is compounded by the severity of the underlying medical conditions. It is thus important for clinicians to continue to develop more effective treatments for depression in palliative care. This article describes cognitive hypnotherapy (CH), an evidence-based multimodal treatment for depression which can be applied to a wide range of depressed patients in palliative care. CH, however, does not represent a finished product; -
The Reliability of Eyewitness Testimony
Running head: EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY 1 The Reliability of Eyewitness Testimony Nathan D. Roberts A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Spring 2014 EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________ Joel Cox, Ed.D. Thesis Chair ______________________________ Brianne Friberg, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________ Mike Milnor, M.A. Committee Member ______________________________ James Nutter, D.A. Honors Director ______________________________ Date EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY 3 Abstract As perhaps the single most effective method of proving the elements of a crime, eyewitness testimony has been vital to the trial process for centuries. However, the reliability of eyewitness testimony has recently come into question with the work of organizations such as The Innocence Project, which works to exonerate the wrongfully convicted. This thesis examines previous experiments concerning eyewitness testimony as well as court cases in which eyewitnesses provided vital evidence in order to determine the reliability of eyewitness testimony as well as to determine mitigating or exacerbating factors contributing to a lack of reliability. EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY 4 The Reliability of Eyewitness Testimony Eyewitness testimony is perhaps the oldest form of evidence and is typically given the most credibility in the courtroom other than a confession. But exactly how reliable is eyewitness testimony? What are some factors that affect the reliability of eyewitnesses? When should eyewitness testimony be thrown out of court? This thesis will attempt to answer these questions and more through the examination of various experiments and the Federal Rules of Evidence and the discussion of court cases dependent upon eyewitness testimony in order to fully identify the nature of eyewitness testimony. -
Alfred Adler and Viktor Frankl's Contribution To
ALFRED ADLER AND VIKTOR FRANKL’S CONTRIBUTION TO HYPNOTHERAPY by Chaplain Paul G. Durbin Introduction: In 1972 and 1973, I went through four quarters of Clinical Pastoral Education (C.P.E.) at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington D.C. When I went there, I was a very outgoing person but inside, l felt inferior. When someone gave me a compliment, I would smile and say "Thank you," but inside I would discount the compliment. During the second quarter of C.P.E., our supervisor Chaplain Ray Stephens assigned each student, two pioneer psychologist to present a class on each. I was assigned to report on Alfred Adler and Viktor Frankl. As I prepared those two classes, I began to notice a change in how I felt about myself. I recognized that I could overcome my inferiority feelings (Adler) and that I could have meaning and purpose in my life (Frankl). As a result of those two classes, I went from low man on the totem pole to a class leader. The transformation I experienced (physically, emotionally and spiritually) could be compared to a conversion experience. Adler and Frankl have contributed to my understanding of human personality and how I relate to an individual in the therapeutic situation. Though neither were hypnotherapist, they have contributed greatly to my counseling skills, techniques and therapy. Alfred Adler: What is the difference between "Inferiority Feeling" and "Inferiority Complex" and "Superiority Complex"? What is meant by "Organ Inferiority"? "Birth Order"? "Fictional Fatalism"? "Mirror Technique?" These are concepts developed by Alfred Adler. In his youth, Adler was a sickly child which caused him embarrassment and pain. -
Obtaining Initial Accounts from Victims and Witnesses
Obtaining initial accounts from victims and witnesses A Rapid Evidence Assessment to support the development of College guidelines on obtaining initial accounts from victims and witnesses Version 1.0 Will Finn Abigail McNeill Fiona Mclean Obtaining initial accounts REA report © – College of Policing Limited (2019) This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open- government-licence/version/3, write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU or email: [email protected]. Where we have identified any third party copyright information, you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at: http://whatworks.college.police.uk/Research/Pages/Published.aspx The College of Policing will provide fair access to all readers and, to support this commitment, this document can be provided in alternative formats. Send any enquiries regarding this publication, including requests for an alternative format to: [email protected]. Page 2 of 142 Version 1.0 Obtaining initial accounts REA report Contents Executive summary .............................................................................................................. 5 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 10 Background....................................................................................................................... -
Eyewitness Testimony Case Study Psychology
Eyewitness Testimony Case Study Psychology Brandon overdraws his diver codes conversably or papistically after Ximenes grieves and methought frowningly, busy and Mephistophelean. Shortly step-in, Towny riddling qophs and schlep resumes. Oiliest Ernesto doped pat or retails fresh when Julio is unplagued. This blog entry describes research synthesis are the things must choose to lilly and case study eyewitness testimony compelling evidence techniques using archival studies examined a dirty medium members Improving Witness Testimony UK Parliament. In reward you haven't kept simple with such things a aftermath and growing regard of. Even in cases where bed is only eyewitness evidence 75 percent result in strong conviction. Factor negatively impacts memory whether the emergency nature are these cases may. Mony This study maybe the themselves in her series on experteyewitness testimony and. Why is eyewitness testimony unreliable psychology? The way is criminal cases are prosecuted says Elizabeth Loftus a psychologist at. Just by double-blind clinical trials in medical studies are start to. What gauge the symptoms of state failure? School of Psychology University of Aberdeen Scotland UK SUMMARY Mnsterberg. Was already the study eyewitness testimony: comparing the number of serving as to distorted, new memories of accuracy of discredited both say about what are often. Lesson Three man you okay good eyewitness. Of eyewitness evidence has been a focus the legal psychologists for many years. APA has filed two friend-of-the-court briefs supporting the bunny for courts to carefully scrutinize eyewitness testimony from criminal cases The cases one attach the. Telephone than skilled opinion on video film, case study eyewitness testimony psychology. -
Hypnotherapy
WHOLE HEALTH: INFORMATION FOR VETERANS Hypnotherapy Whole Health is an approach to health care that empowers and enables YOU to take charge of your health and well-being and live your life to the fullest. It starts with YOU. It is fueled by the power of knowing yourself and what will really work for you in your life. Once you have some ideas about this, your team can help you with the skills, support, and follow up you need to reach your goals. All resources provided in these handouts are reviewed by VHA clinicians and Veterans. No endorsement of any specific products is intended. Best wishes! https://www.va.gov/wholehealth/ Hypnotherapy Hypnotherapy What is hypnotherapy? Hypnotherapy, or clinical hypnosis, can improve your health by helping you relax and focus your mind.1 Someone trained in this powerful mind-body approach can help you go into a more focused state of mind (called a “hypnotic state”) so you can learn more about yourself, improve your health, and change your habits and thought patterns. How does hypnosis work? Hypnosis can work in several ways:2 • It can draw on your ability to use your imagination to bring about helpful or healthy changes. • The hypnotherapist can offer a therapeutic idea or suggestion while you are in a relaxed and focused state. In this state of focused attention, the effect of the idea or suggestion on your mind is more powerful. That means that you are more likely to take the helpful idea seriously and act on it in the future. This can help you reach your goals faster in your daily life.2 For example, if the hypnotherapist offers the suggestion that you can stop smoking during hypnosis, this may improve your chances of being able to stop. -
Can Implicit Post-Event Information Influence Explicit Eyewitness Memory?
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Student Theses John Jay College of Criminal Justice Spring 6-2017 Can Implicit Post-Event Information Influence Explicit yE ewitness Memory? Hang Sze Chau CUNY John Jay College, [email protected] How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/jj_etds/15 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Running Head: UNCONSCIOUS PROCESSING OF POST-EVENT INFORMATION 1 Can Implicit Post-Event Information Influence Explicit Eyewitness Memory? Hang-Sze Chau John Jay College of Criminal Justice City University of New York UNCONSCIOUS PROCESSING OF POST-EVENT INFORMATION 2 Table of Contents Introduction 4 Misinformation Effect 5 Source Monitoring 7 Implicit Learning 9 Methods 13 Results 19 Discussion 23 Reference 30 Appendix 37 UNCONSCIOUS PROCESSING OF POST-EVENT INFORMATION 3 Abstract This study examines whether unconscious -
Eyewitness Memory: How Stress And
EYEWITNESS MEMORY: HOW STRESS AND SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECT EYEWITNESS RECALL by ANNE S. YILMAZ A THESIS Presented to the Department of Psychology and the Robert D. Clark Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science December 2016 Abstract of the Thesis of Anne Yilmaz for the degree of Bachelor of Science in the Department of Psychology to be taken December 2016 Title: Eyewitness Memory: How Stress and Situational Factors Affect Eyewitness Recall Approved: _______________________________________ Robert Mauro As eyewitness memory and its current admissibility as evidence in courts have come under scrutiny, numerous studies have examined variables that affect eyewitness memory. These variables are divided into system and estimator variables. System variables are factors that can be controlled by the criminal justice system; estimator variables are those which cannot be controlled by the justice system. Considerable research has demonstrated that stress can either inhibit or enhance memory depending on the level of arousal. This literature review will examine the role and effect of stress in general and in regard to other estimator variables (e.g., seriousness, weapons focus, and victim vs. bystander). Both field and laboratory studies will be examined. General trends, important caveats, and limitations will be reported. Despite the breadth of research in both eyewitness research and stress and memory, there is no recent comprehensive review of the effect of stress on eyewitness memory. This literature review will serve to bridge that gap and provide resources for those looking to continue research in the area of stress and eyewitness memory. ii Acknowledgements Thank you Dr. -
HYPNOSIS in SYMBIOSIS Occasionally I Use Hypnosis in A
HYPNOSIS IN SYMBIOSIS Occasionally I use hypnosis in a family therapy context. At times it can be difficult and complex, but often it is very creative and rewarding work. In this case I was using a series of dual inductions, rotating family members as my co-therapists, utilizing their mutual co-dependency as a therapeutic asset. Sharon was a 45-year-old accountant who came in with Cheryl, her 25-year-old severely bulimic daughter. Cheryl worked as an administrative assistant. Recently her bulimia nervosa had escalated in severity such that she vomited on almost all eating occasions. She was acutely depressed, but not suicidal. Currently she was on medical leave due to the severity of her condition. Sharon had been anorexic as a teenager and young adult. Her condition improved only slightly around the time of her engagement and marriage to Paul, and engineer. Two years after their wedding, Sharon gave birth to Cheryl. She was a good but overprotective mother, and her food restriction began to get worse in Cheryl’s early years. Although Sharon had been treated in hospital in her teenage years, she refused treatment now, saying she could overcome her condition by herself. After years of putting up with Sharon’s rigid thinking, mood swings, food and figure obsessions, anxiety, depression, and other symptoms, Paul could not stand it any longer. Despite his caring for Sharon and Cheryl, he left them in Calgary to take a well-paying job in Toronto. The couple went through a separation and divorce when Cheryl was age eleven. Surprisingly, after Paul left, Sharon realized that, as a single parent, she would have to recover from her anorexia. -
MNEMONIC TIME-TRAVEL EFFECT It Takes Me Back
1 MNEMONIC TIME-TRAVEL EFFECT It takes me back: The mnemonic time-travel effect 1,2Aleksandar Aksentijevic, 1Kaz R. Brandt, 1Elias Tsakanikos and 1Michael J. A. Thorpe 1Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton 2Birkbeck, University of London Word count: 7094 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.10.007 Corresponding author: Aleksandar Aksentijevic, Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, Whitelands College, Holybourne Avenue, London SW154JD, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected] 2 MNEMONIC TIME-TRAVEL EFFECT Abstract Given the links between motion and temporal thinking, it is surprising that no studies have examined the possibility that transporting participants back mentally towards the time of encoding could improve memory. Six experiments investigated whether backward motion would promote recall relative to forward motion or no-motion conditions. Participants saw a video of a staged crime (Experiments 1, 3 and 5), a word list (Experiments 2 and 4) or a set of pictures (Experiment 6). Then, they walked forward or backwards (Experiments 1 and 2), watched a forward- or backward-directed optic flow-inducing video (Experiments 3 and 4) or imagined walking forward or backwards (Experiments 5 and 6). Finally, they answered questions about the video or recalled words or pictures. The results demonstrated for the first time that motion-induced past-directed mental time travel improved mnemonic performance for different types of information. We briefly discuss theoretical and practical implications of this “mnemonic time-travel effect”. Keywords: Mental time travel, episodic memory, context reinstatement, eyewitness memory, mental time line 3 MNEMONIC TIME-TRAVEL EFFECT 1.1 Introduction Time and space tend to be experienced as interrelated across different societies and cultures (Keefer, Stewart, Palitsky, & Sullivan, 2017). -
The Cognitive Interview in Policing
June 2012 >issue 13 This Briefing Paper highlights the The Cognitive Interview in Policing: benefits of employing cognitive Negotiating Control interviewing techniques with wit- Geoffrey P. Alpert, Jeff Rojek and Jeff Noble nesses and police officers following a Overview traumatic incident. The authors note When police investigators ask questions of citizens or fellow officers, they are attempting these techniques can facilitate more to get honest, complete and worthwhile information. The data they gather are used to detailed memory recall by a witness reconstruct a scene, situation or encounter and can form a brief of evidence if the matter goes to court. These data are used to initiate a criminal and/or administrative investigation, (civilian or police officer) on the context, to form the official record of the event and help to determine the truth of the matter under investigation. A critical goal is to get each witness to provide accurate information, chronology and individual perceptions but there is no standard method or “best practice” to achieve this outcome (Maguire prior to, during, and after a critical and Norris, 1994). There are many ways investigators elicit information and, often, it is a “gut feeling” rather than a proven strategy based on evidence that is used to interact incident, potentially significant details with individuals. The purpose of this Briefing Paper is to discuss the cognitive interview technique as a way to conduct interviews and allow individuals to provide proper data to that can assist police investigators. the investigator. First, the foundation of the cognitive interview is summarized, and then In contrast, the controlled interview examples are provided of how this technique can be used in policing.