Documente Istorice Slavo-Romane

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Documente Istorice Slavo-Romane -- ,c 5 3 4 DOCUMENTE ISTORICE SLAVO-ROMANE DIN TARA-ROMANEASCA SI MOLDOVA PRIVITOARE LALEGATURILE CU ARDEALUL 1346 -1603 DIN ARHIVELE ORASELOR BRASOVSI BISTRITA IN TEXT ORIGINAL SLAV INSOTIT DETRADUCERE ROMANEASCA TIPARITE LA VIENA IN 1905-1906 IN ATELIERELE ADOLFHOLZHAUSEN S-s°R1 PRIN INGRIJIREA LUI GR. G. TOCILESCU t 28 SEPTEMVRIE 1909 .F1 De vanzare prin : - LIBRARIA CARTEA ROMANEASCA",BUCURESTI 1931 r no' r.1 - 5 3 4 DOCUMENTE ISTORICE SLAVO-ROMANE DIN TARA ROMANEASCA $1 MOLDOVA PRIVITOARE LA LEGATURILE CU ARDEALUL 1346 -1603 DIN ARHIVELE ORASELOR BRASOV 51 BISTRITA IN TEXT ORIGINAL SLAV INSOTIT DE TRADUCERE ROMANEASCA. TIPARITE LA VIENA IN 1905-1906 IN ATELIERELE ADOLF HOLZHAUSEN S-s°RI . PRIN INGRIJIREA LUI GR. G. TOCILESCU i' 28 SEPTEMVRIE 1909 De vanzare Fin: LIBRARIA CARTEA ROMANEASCA", BUCURWI 1 9 3 1 INSEMNARE PREMERGATOARE Trecuse de mult vremea cand viata politica,comerciall, militara,culturala si religioasA din Tara-Romaneasca si Moldova era strans legata de Ardealul de peste munti, si mai ales de cele trei cetati sasesti Sibiul, Brasovul si Bistrita, cari erau socotite cand ca adaposturi la vremi grele, cand ca aliate pentru adapostire impotriva navalirilor vesnic amenintatoare dinspre Dunare sau dinspre Nistru, cand ca organe de comunicare cu marea crestinatate dinspre Apus, dinlauntru" cum se zicea, pe cand noi ne socoteam «in afara». In acele departate timpuri, Domnii alungati din scaun, boerii pribegi de teama scurtarii de o palm, altii, nazuitori dupa domnie si dupa puterea" fermecatoare a stapanirii, se invarteau adulmecand in jurul hotarelor dupa ziva potrivita ca sd dea lovitura", sä alunge pe cei de la putere" din scaunul domniei si sä le iea locul. Altii iar cautau relatii comerciale cubogs- PileOrientului, pe cari le intelege dintr'o privire cine vede numai multimea de covoare de mare pret cari impodobesc stranele din Biserica Neagra a Brasovului si a altor biserici sasesti. In acele vremuri fara ziare, fara posts, telegraf, etc. relatiile se intretineau prin grai viu si prin scrisori duse prin codriisi pasurile muntilor, de oameni de incredere, cari aduceau §1 raspunsurile. Domnitorii. mai ales scrieauJudetului si Pargarilor" rugand, cerand sau poruncind sai slujasca dupa trebuintele for pentru buns slujba la prilej sau cu amenintare de pedeapsa §1 grea rasbunare domneasca. Asa au trecut veacuri multe, dar s'au schimbat vremile. Dupa taierea lui Voda Bran- coveanu la 1714 si dupa trecerea lui Cantemir la1711 peste Nistru, relatiile alor nostri cu imparatiile crestine au fost imputinate prin, piedeci de tot felul din partea prea puternicei Im- paratii" a Sultanului. S'a rant sau a incetat cu totul corespondenta obisnuita in veacurile dinainte. Scrisorile vechi ale noastre find scrise in limba slavona de veacuri uitata cu totul, sau in slova cirilica, ne mai find intelese si ne mai avand interes pentru lumea noun, au lost lasate si uitate in colturile arhivelor oraselor Brasov, Sibiu, Bistrita sipoate si ale altor orase. Ele au scapat de nimicire ca netrebnice nurnai gralie obisnuintei de pastrare din acele orase ceeace din nenorocire nu a fost si la noi si 'astfel s'au descoperit in ultima jumatate de secol adevarate comori de documente romanesti in arhivele celor trei orase sasesti de langa vechile noastre hotare. Cele dintai au fost descoperite la 1881 si proveneau dela Brasov, dar au fost gasite in- tamplator de raposatul D. A. Sturdza la un aAticar la Wiesbaden, .pe la care cauta monede vechi. Erau iq scrisori, douasprezece dela Domni si sapte dela boieri din secoliiXVIXVIII. Cele mai vechi sunt scrise slavoneste, celelalte romaneste ;toate sunt indreptate Judetului si pargarilor" sau maghistratului" cetatii Brasov. Toate au fost comunicate Academiei la 7 Maiu 1882 si publicate unele cu facsimile la 1888 in Anale-Memorii, torn. VIII (1885-6), pag. 239- 259 Nici dupa aceasta publicare, istoricii nu au cautat *alte documente privitoare la aceleasi relatii in archiva oraselor sasesti vecine Sibiu, Brasov, Bistrita. IV Cele-lalte descoperiri au fost ('acute tot la Brasov, In 1895, cand arhivarul Stenner a atras asupra lor atentiunea lui loan Bogdan §i a Profesorului Dr. L. Miletici dela Sofia, care facea cercetari istorice si etnografice asupra coloniilor bulgaresti din Ardeal. Amandoi au inteles insemnatatea pentru istoria romaneasca a acelor ramasite uitate din secolii trecuti in arhiva Bra§ovului. Raposatul Tocilescu ajungand la cunostinta descoperirii, a comunicat-o lui D. Sturdza, care era Ministru si cu zelul lui obisnuit pentru cele istorice a dispus si s'a facut fotografierea tuturor documentelor, in doua exemplare, urmand ca un exemplar sa fie dat Academiei, iar Tocilescu sä pastreze un exemplar, dupa care sa pregateasca publicarea lor. Lucrarea mergea insa incet, Ora sä stie nimica despre inaintarea ei. S'au ivit apoi si alte cauze de suparari intre Academie, ale carei lucrari erau sub conducerea lui D. Sturdza ca Secretar general si Tocilescu, care, cu toate repetatele cereri verbale si scrise nu a dat Aca- demiei exemplarul din fotografiile documentelor spre a putea fistudiate si de altii. Tocilescu pregatia publicarea textelor si traducerea lor cu ajutorul catorva slavisti, cum erau d-1 Profesor Stoica Nicolaescu, care a colaborat si la transcrierea textelor originale si la traducerea lor, raposatul profesor Pol. Syrcu, nascut roman basarabean si ajuns profesor la Uriversitatea din St. Petersburg, d-1 E. Kozak, fost profesor la Universitatea din Cernauti. Ion Bogdan, intors cu adanca pregatire slavistica facuta la Viena in scoala lui V. Jagid si la St. Petersburg, cunoscand documentele brasovene slavo-romane dela 1895, a publicat la 1902 asupra lor un studiu larg din toate punctele de vedere, insotit de traducerea integrals a celor mai insemnate si de regestele celorlalte. Acest volum a fost aspru criticat de Tocilescu in Academie cu ocazia prezentarii lui la concursul premiilor din 1903. La 1905 I. Bogdan publica o noun editie fundamental prefacuta a lucrarii sale, din care tomul I cuprinde docu- mentele din 1413-1508 atat textele slavonesti insotite de traducere romaneasca si de note istorice, cat si cele scrise latineste ramase tot a§a de necunoscute. In aceste imprejurari inanii 1905-6, raposatul Gr. Tocilescu a pus intipar acelea§i documente in prelucrarea sa la tipografia Holzhausen din Viena, aratand ca lucrarea se face pentru Academie spre a fi cuprinsa in colectia de documente Hurmuzaki. S'au tiparit 68 coale (544 Pagine) in formatul in-quarto al acelei colectii. La Academie nu se stiea nimic despre aceasta lucrare, care nu mai avea rost dupa publicarea a doua a lui Bogdan aparuta la 1905. Lucrarea dela Viena a fost parasita. de Tocilescu if 28 Sept. 1909); iar coalele tiparite au ramas in depozitul tipografiei Holzhausen, care de mai multe on a cerut dela Academie plata lucrarii, sau a propus vanzarea coalelor tiparite, neavand nici un titlu de drept pentru a.pretinde plata ei. Era totusi o amintire neplacuta ramasa pe numele tarei si al Academiei Romane pe urmele unui barbat roman, care avusese o inalta situatie ca profesor, ca invatat si ca membru al Academiei. Aceasta amintire trebuia inlaturata cat mai curand, ceea ce se poate face cu folos pentru invatamantul nostru universitar istoric si filologic. Documentele in numar de 589, din secolii XIVXVI cuprinse in acest volum sunt tipa- rite in cel mai perfect atelier de tiparituri slavice ce a existat vreodata: textul slav este reprodus cu precizie diplomatica adeca intocmai cum se afla dispuse in original caracterele grafice drepte si suprapuse; textul slav este insotitde traducerea verbala romaneasca. Cu aceste dispozitii de reproducere insotite de traducere, aceasta publicatie, asa trunchiata, cuma ramas, este un foarte pretios material mai ales pentru pregatirea tineretului care se destineaza stu- diilor de istorie nationala romaneasca si de filologie slavo-romans. I. B. Martie 1931. CUPRINSUL I. DOCUMENTE DIN TARA-ROMANEASCA PARTEA I. PRIVILEGII COMERCIALE, HRISOAVE, SCRISORI, RAVASE §i PORUNCI DOMNESTI No. i. Fara loc si data.Sratimir, tarul bulgaresc din Vidin catreBrasoveni pentru libertate de comerciu in cetatea domnului Craiu", adica in Vidin . .. pag. 3 No. 2. Privilegiul vamal al lui Dan Voevod pentru orasul Targoviste. .. 4 No. 3. Campulung, 1413 August 6. Mircea voda cel Batran inoeste §i intareste vechile privilegii comerciale ale Brasovenilor in Tara-Romaneasca No. 4. Mihail voda catre Brasoveni si Rasnoveni, in privinta chipului de plata a datoriilor dintre ei si locuitorii din Tara-Romaneasca PI 6 No s. Mihail voda catre slugile domnesti din cetatea Dambovitei si catreva- mesii din Rucar si din Bran pentru vama Brasovului 7 No. 6. 1421 Maiu 17. Tractatul de pace si de alianta allui Radul voda cu Brasovenii si cu tara Barsei n 8 No. 7. Targoviste 1421 Noembrie 21. Privilegiul comercial allui Radu-voda, pentru Brasoveni, reinoindu-le privilegiile anterioare io No. 8. Radu voda scuteste pe Brasoveni de plata vamii la Campulung, cum fusese pe timpul lui Mircea voda cel Batran 12 No. 9. Porunca lui Radu voda catre Tarul Alexandru" ca sa opreasca pe va- merl sau din Rucar de a lua Brasovenilor mai mult peste privilegiul comercial ce dansii au cu Tara-Romaneasca. Tol asa ordona si vamesilor din Cetatea Dambovitei No.i 0. Targoviste, 1420 Octomvrie 23. Dan voda reinoeste si confirma Bra- sovenilor privilegiile vamale ce au avut in Tara-Romaneasca dela ceilalti domni stramosi ai sai 13 No. i i. Porunca lui Dan voda came vamesii dela Dambovita si dela Rucar ca srarei-ve privilegiul vamal de pe timpullui Mircea voda acordat Brasovenilor fl 15 VI No.12.Porunca lui Dan voda catre vamesii dela Prahova ca sa observe pri- vilegiul vamal de pe timpul lui Mircea voda acordat Brasovenilor pag.r6 No. 13. Dan voda cearta pe Brasoveni, ca iau vama la Cetate" PP 17 No. 14. Targoviste (1424) Noembrie io. Privilegiul vamal al lui Dan voda pentru Brasoveni n 18 No. 15. Porunca lui Dan voda catre vamesii din Dambovita si din Rucgr in privinta Brasovenilor PP 21 No.
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