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REFERENCES 1. Ochir-Goryaeva M.A. 2008. Arkheologicheskie

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REFERENCES 1. Ochir-Goryaeva M.A. 2008. Arkheologicheskie pamyatniki volgo-manychskikh stepey (svod pamyatnikov, issledovannykh na territorii Respubliki Kalmykiya v 1929–1997 gg.). [Archaeological monuments of the Volga-Manych steppes (the list of architectural monuments, explored on the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia in 1929–1997)]. Elista, Gerel Publishers: 298 p. (In Russian). 2. Zlatkin I.Ya. 1964. Istoriya Dzhungarskogo khanstva (1635–1758). [The history of the Dhungar khanate (1635–1758)]. Moscow, Nauka Publ.: 482 p. (In Russian). 3. Moiseev V.A. 1998. Rossiya i Dzhungarskoe khanstvo v XVIII veke (ocherk vneshnepoliticheskikh otnosheniy). [Russia and the Dzungar khanate in the 18th century (essay of foreign policy relations)]. Barnaul, Altai state University Publ.: 174 p. (In Russian). 4. Gurevich B.P. 1985. [The nature of the political status of the Dzungar khanate and its interpretation in the historiography of China]. In: IV Mezhdunarodnyy kongress mongolovedov. T. 1. [Proceedings of the IVth International Congress of Mongolists. Vol. I]. Ulanbaatar: 186–191. (In Russian and In Mongolian). 5. Tepkeev V.T. 2012. Kalmyki v severnom Prikaspii vo vtoroy treti XVII v.[Kalmyks in the North Caspian in the second third of the XVII century]. Elista, Dzhangar Publ.: 378 p. (In Russian). 6. Istoriya Kalmykii s drevneyshikh vremen do nashikh dney. V 3 t. [History of Kalmykia from ancient times to the present day. In three volumes. Vol. 3]. 2009. Elista, Gerel Publishing House: 848 p. (vol. 1); 840 p. (vol. 2); 752 p. (vol. 3). (In Russian). 7. Maksimov K.N. 2010. Velikaya Otechestvennaya voyna: Kalmykiya i kalmyki. 2-e izd., dop. [Great Patriotic War: Kalmykia and Kalmyks. The 2nd extend. edition]. Moscow, Nauka Publ.: 406 p. (In Russian). 8. Maksimov K.N. 2004. Tragediya naroda. Repressii v Kalmykii. 1918–1940-e gody. [The tragedy of the nation. Repression in Kalmykia. 1918–1940s]. Moscow, Nauka Publ.: 311 p. (In Russian). 9. Batmaev M.M. 2002. Sotsial'no-politicheskiy stroy i khozyaystvo kalmykov v XVII–XVIII vekakh. [The socio- political system and economy of the Kalmyks in the 17th–18th centuries]. Elista, Dzhangar Publ.: 400 p. (In Russian). 10. Komandzhaev A.N. 1999. Khozyaystvo i sotsial'nye otnosheniya v Kalmykii v kontse XIX – nachale XX veka: istoricheskiy opyt i sovremennost'. [Economy and social relations in Kalmykia in the late XIX – early XX century: historical experience and modernity]. Elista, Dzhangar Publ.: 262 p. (In Russian). 11. Ochirov U.B. 2006. Kalmykiya v period Grazhdanskoy voyny (1917–1920 gg.). [Kalmykia during the Civil war (1917–1920)]. Elista, Dzhangar Publ.: 448 p. (In Russian). 12. Tsuryumov A.V. 2007. Kalmytskoe khanstvo v sostave Rossii: problemy politicheskikh vzaimootnosheniy. [Kalmyk khanate in Russia: problems of political relations]. Elista, Dzhangar Publ.: 464 p. (In Russian). 13. Badmaeva E.N. 2010. Nizhnee Povolzh'e: opyt i itogi realizatsii gosudarstvennoy politiki v sotsial'no- ekonomicheskoy sfere (1921–1933 gg.) [The lower Volga region: the experience and results of implementation of state policy in the socio-economic sphere (1921–1933)]. Elista, Dzhangar Publ.: 544 p. (In Russian). 14. Sartikova E.V. 2008. Razvitie shkol'nogo obrazovaniya v Kalmykii v XX veke. [The development of school education in Kalmykia in the 20th century]. Elista, Dzhangar Publ.: 407 p. (In Russian). 15. Dordzhieva G.Sh. 2001. Buddiyskaya tserkov' Kalmykii v Kalmykii v kontse XIX – pervoy polovine XX v. [Buddhist Church in Kalmykia in the late of the 19th – first half of the 20th century]. Moscow, Institute of Russian history RAS Publ.: 191 p. (In Russian). 16. Kalmykiya v gody Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny. [Kalmykia during the Great Patriotic War]. 2005. Elista, Dzhangar Publ.: 312 p. (In Russian). 17. Ochirova N.G. (Gen. ed.) 2010. Istoriya buddizma v SSSR i Rossiyskoy Federatsii v 1985–1999 gg. [The history of Buddhism in the USSR and the Russian Federation in 1985–1999]. Moscow, Foundation of modern history Publ.: 392 p. (In Russian). 18. Borisenko I.V. 1994. Khramy Kalmykii: al'bom. [Temples of Kalmykia: album]. Elista, Kalmyk Book Publ.: 112 p. (In Russian). 19. Belousov S.S. 2003. Pravoslavnye prikhody v Kalmykii v XIX – nachale XX v. (1806–1917 gg.). [Orthodox parishes in Kalmykia in the XIX – early XX century (1806–1917)]. Elista, Dzhangar Publ.: 160 p. (In Russian). 20. Bakaeva E.P. 1994. Buddizm v Kalmykii. Istoriko-etnograficheskie ocherki. [Buddhism in Kalmykia. Historical and ethnographic essays]. Elista, Kalmyk Book Publ.: 128 p. (In Russian). 21. Nadneeva K.A. 1999. Buddizm makhayany v Respublike Kalmykiya. [Mahayana Buddhism in Kalmykia]. Elista, Kalmyk State University Publ.: 76 p. (In Russian). 22. Ulanov M.S. 2003. Buddizm v istorii russkoy filosofii XIX – pervoy poloviny XX v. [Buddhism in the history of Russian philosophy XIX – first half XX centuries]. Elista, Kalmyk State University Publ.: 178 p. (In Russian). 23. Kurapov A.A. 2007. Buddizm i vlast' v Kalmytskom khanstve XVII–XVIII vv. [Buddhism and power in the Kalmyk khanate of the XVII–XVIII centuries]. Elista, Dzhangar Publ.: 278 p. (In Russian). 24. Lamaizm v Kalmykii i voprosy nauchnogo ateizma. [Lamaism in Kalmykia and questions of scientific atheism]. 1980. Elista: 157 p. (In Russian). 25. Bakaeva E.P., Zhukovskaya N.L. (Managing editors). 2010. Kalmyki. (Seriya: Narody i kul'tury). [Kalmyks. (Ser.: Peoples and cultures)]. Moscow, Nauka Publ.: 568 p. (In Russian). 26. Maksimov K.N., Ochirov U.B. 2012. Kalmyki v napoleonovskikh voynakh. [Kalmyks in the Napoleonic wars]. Elista, Dzhangar Publ.: 519 p. (In Russian). 27. Maksimov K.N. et al. (Comp.) 2012. Uchastie kalmykov v napoleonovskikh voynakh. Sb. dokumentov I materialov. [Participation of the Kalmyks in the Napoleonic wars. Proceedings of documents and materials. Compiled by K.N. Maksimov and others]. Elista, Dzhangar Publ.: 537 p. (In Russian). 28. Riazhev А.S. (Editor-in-Chief). 2011. Volzhskie stavropol'skie kalmyki: seredina 30-kh gg. XVIII v. – pervaya polovina XIX v. Dokumenty i materialy. T. 1: Stavropol'skoe kalmytskoe voysko v seredine 30-kh – 60-e gg. XVIII v. [The Volga Stavropol Kalmyks: From the mid-1730s through the first half of the 19th century. Documents and materials. Volume I: The Stavropol Kalmyk host from the mid-1730s through 1760s]. Rostov- on-Don: SSC RAS Publishers: 320 p. (In Russian). 29. Ubushaev V.B., Ubushaev K.V. 2007. Kalmyki: vyselenie, vozvrashchenie, vozrozhdenie. 1943–1959 gg. [Kalmyks: deportation, return, revival. 1943–1959]. Elista, Kalm. University Publ.: 496 p. (In Russian). 30. Esenova T.S. 2007. Russkiy yazyk v Kalmykii: Sociokul'turnye portrety i lingvokul'turnye tipazhi. [Russian language in Kalmykia: Sociocultural portraits and linguistic-cultural types]. Elista, Kalmyk State University Publ.: 192 p. (In Russian). 31. Mandzhikova B.B. (Comp.). 2008. Kalmytsko-russkiy terminologicheskiy slovar' (flora i fauna). [Kalmyk- Russian terminological dictionary (flora and fauna)]. Elista, Kalmyk Institute for Humanitarian Studies RAS: 124 p. (In Russian). 32. Ochirova U.U., Sangaeva L.S. (Comp.). 2011. [Explanatory dictionary of Kalmyk proverbs and sayings]. Elista, Kalmyk Institute for Humanitarian Studies RAS. (In Kalmyk). 33. Monraev M.U. 2008. Kalmytskie lichnye imena (semantika). [Kalmyk personal names (semantics)]. Elista. (In Russian). 34. Mushaev V.N. 2005. Struktura i semantika kalmytskogo predlozheniya. [The structure and semantics of a Kalmyk sentence]. Elista, Dzhangar Publ.: 382 p. (In Russian). 35. Omakaeva E.U. 2011. Tipologiya modeleobrazuyushchikh chlenov predlozheniya v kalmytskom i mongol'skom yazykakh v svete glagol'no-aktantnoy teorii. [The typology of model forming members of the sentence in the Kalmyk and Mongolian languages in the light of verb-actant theory]. Ulaanbaatar. (In Russian). 36. Kukanova V.V., Bembeev E.V., Mulaeva N.M., Ochirova N.Ch. 2012. Metarazmetka v Nacional'nom korpuse kalmytskogo yazyka. [Metatext marking in the Kalmyk language]. Vestnik Kalmyckogo universiteta. (The Bulletin of the Kalmyk University). (3): 139–151. (In Russian). 37. Orlova K.V. 2005. Opisanie mongol'skikh rukopisey i ksilografov, khranyashchikhsya na territorii Kalmykii. [The description of the Mongolian manuscripts and xylographs stored on the territory of Kalmykia]. Moscow. (In Russian). 38. Muzraeva D.N. 2012. Buddiyskie pis'mennye istochniki na tibetskom i oyratskom yazykakh v kollektsii Kalmykii. [Buddhist written sources on Tibetan and Oirat languages in the collection of Kalmykia]. Elista, Dzhangar Publ.: 224 p. (In Russian). 39. Kichikov A.Sh. 1992. Geroicheskiy epos “Dzhangar”. Sravnitel'no-tipologicheskoe issledovanie pamyatnika. [The heroic epic “Dzhangar”. The comparative and typological study of the monument]. Moscow, Nauka Publ.: 320 p. (In Russian). 40. Bitkeev N.Ts. 1990. Kalmyckiy geroicheskiy epos “Dzhangar”: problemy tipologii nacional'nykh versiy. [Kalmyk heroic epic “Dzhangar”: typology issues of the national versions]. Elista, Kalm. Book Publ.: 155 p. (In Russian). 41. Ovalov E.B. 2008. Syuzhetno-stilevye traditsii v epose “Dzhangar” i ego versiyakh. [Narrative and stylistic traditions in the epic “Dzhangar” and its versions]. Elista, Dzhangar Publ.: 304 p. (In Russian). 42. Pyurveeva N.B. 2003. Poetika geroicheskogo eposa “Dzhangar”. [The poetics of the heroic epic “Dzhangar”]. Elista, Dzhangar Publ.: 240 p. (In Russian). 43. Khabunova E.E. 2006. Geroicheskiy epos “Dzhangar”: poeticheskie konstanty bogatyrskogo zhiznennogo tsikla (sravnitel'noe izuchenie nacional'nykh versiy). [The heroic
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  • A History of Inner Asia

    A History of Inner Asia

    This page intentionally left blank A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA Geographically and historically Inner Asia is a confusing area which is much in need of interpretation.Svat Soucek’s book offers a short and accessible introduction to the history of the region.The narrative, which begins with the arrival of Islam, proceeds chrono- logically, charting the rise and fall of the changing dynasties, the Russian conquest of Central Asia and the fall of the Soviet Union. Dynastic tables and maps augment and elucidate the text.The con- temporary focus rests on the seven countries which make up the core of present-day Eurasia, that is Uzbekistan, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Sinkiang, and Mongolia. Since 1991, there has been renewed interest in these countries which has prompted considerable political, cultural, economic, and religious debate.While a vast and divergent literature has evolved in consequence, no short survey of the region has been attempted. Soucek’s history of Inner Asia promises to fill this gap and to become an indispensable source of information for anyone study- ing or visiting the area. is a bibliographer at Princeton University Library. He has worked as Central Asia bibliographer at Columbia University, New York Public Library, and at the University of Michigan, and has published numerous related articles in The Journal of Turkish Studies, The Encyclopedia of Islam, and The Dictionary of the Middle Ages. A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA Princeton University Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge , United Kingdom Published in the United States by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521651691 © Cambridge University Press 2000 This book is in copyright.
  • Integration and Separation of 'Language': Language Policies Of

    Integration and Separation of 'Language': Language Policies Of

    Integration and Separation of ‘Language’: Language Policies of Mongolian Peoples in the USSR and Mongolia, 1920–1940 ARAI Yukiyasu Introduction To define what is a language is very difficult. There are many aspects that are relevant to this question. One approach is that a particular language is completely different from others. Another is that a language is similar to adjacent languages but still calls itself a language. There are also some cases in the world where there are debates whether a vernacular in discussion is a language or a dialect. In this paper, therefore, I would like to discuss a case of Mongolian peoples where three written ‘languages’ came into being from people who had obscure ethnic boundaries but were united in one written language. There are no studies, which deal with the language policy of all the Mongolian peoples as a whole. But for the whole of the Soviet Union in this period, we can refer to the writings of V.M. Alpatov and M.I. Isaev.1 For other groups of people like Turks, there are a lot of books and papers which deal with the language policy of that group as a whole like Winner, Smith or Şimşir and books on orthographies of Turkic peoples.2 For the creation of alphabets for minority peoples (with populations less than 50,000), a paper by O.A. Kazakevich gives a very useful list that describes which language had (and has) an alphabet, in which script and in which 1 V. M. Al pa t ov, 150 iazykov i politika: 1917–2000 (Moscow 2000); M.I.
  • Kalmyk Culture (2011)

    Kalmyk Culture (2011)

    37th w Jer e se N y Folk Festival Celebrating Kalmyk Saturday,Folk Culture th Saturday,April April 24 30th, 2011 2 New Jersey Folk Festival • April 2011 NEW JERSEY FOLK FESTIVAL April 2011 4 Welcome Letter from the Festival Manager 5 Welcome Letter from the Mayor 6 Welcome Letter from the Governor 7 About the Festival: A Student Run Event History of the Festival 8 Heritage Spotlight Kalmykia 11 Heritage Area Exhibitors 13 Presenting our Performers 20 Singer-Songwriter Showcase Winners 22 Jam Sessions 23 Awards & Honorees 25 Emcees & Facilitators 26 NJFF 2011 Committee 27 For Your Information 28 Sponsors & Donors 30 Craft Market Vendors 32 Loree Building Presentations 34 Narrative Stage 36 Food Vendors 37 Children’s Area 38 Stage Schedule Back Cover Site Map 732-932-5775 [email protected] http://njfolkfest.rutgers.edu OFFICIAL PROGRAM BOOK OF THE NEW JERSEY FOLK FESTIVAL Table of Contents 3 Dear Friends, I would like to welcome you all to the 37th annual New Jersey Folk Festival! The festival has been the most important part of my undergraduate career and I take much pride in sharing it with you. To all the first time festival-goers, my fellow committee members and I hope that you enjoy the exciting performances and activi- ties we have to offer. To all our returning visitors, I hope this festival experience is the best yet! The New Jersey Folk Festival is the largest and oldest continually held festival of its kind in New Jersey. The event is the result of the hard work put in by fifteen undergraduate students throughout the fall and spring se- mesters.
  • 1. the Kalmyk Language

    1. the Kalmyk Language

    Seth Cable Field Methods Spring 2016 Ling404 Some Basic Background on the Kalmyk Language 1 1. Genetic Affiliation The Kalmyk language (/χalymg keln/) is the westernmost member of the Mongolic languages. (1) Map of the Mongolic Language Family 2 The internal classifications within Mongolic are controversial, but the following is one proposal Mongolic Dagur Central Southern Moghol Western Central Eastern Northern Oriat, Kalkha (Mongolian), Kharchin Buryat Kalmyk, Ordos, Korchin, … … … 1 The information in this handout is taken from such sources as Knyazev (2015), Bläsing (2003), and the articles “Kalmyk Oriat” and “Kalmyk People” on Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/). 2 “Linguistic map of the Mongolic languages” by Maximilian Dörrbecker. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolic_languages#/media/File:Linguistic_map_of_the_Mongolic_languages.png 1 Seth Cable Field Methods Spring 2016 Ling404 (2) Some Features of the Mongolic Languages The following are features common in the Mongolic languages; we should therefore be on the look for them in Kalmyk. a. Agglutinative, suffixal morphology Both nouns and verbs can appear with a string of suffixes, with little contextual allomorphy or irregularity. b. Rich case system on nouns. c. Head-Final Word Order Sentences are typically verb-final; the languages have postpositions rather than prepositions; etc. d. Front vowels can be rounded (/y/, /ø/) e. Vowel harmony The vowels of suffixes are subject to phonological rules that make them ‘match’ the vowels of the root. 2. Sociolinguistic Properties (3) Locations Spoken: Principally the Republic of Kalmykia in the Russian Federation 2 Seth Cable Field Methods Spring 2016 Ling404 (4) Dialects Spoken a. Dörbet (spoken mainly in the west) b.