Corporal Asceticism Mental Asceticism Introduction And Review Of Concepts To Date The rise of Institutional School of Asceticism Islamic Mysticism

Judaism and Christianity had a notable presence in Persia pre•Islam Eastern Christian Mysticism was well known Buddhism flourished in Eastern Persia Hinduism had a strong presence in the Eastern posts close to India Zoroastrianism was know in Khorasan In 215 Mani attempted fusion of many faiths Zoro. Buddhism. and Christianity. Islam enters Persia in the 7th century The Sassanian Empire has diplomatic Origins relations with the Arabs before Islam Persia had heard about Mohamed By some accounts modern day Iran has a (SAWS) before Islam arrived to Persia vibrant and living Sufi tradition in its midst Iranian Sufism In Persia while Islam absorbed Greek today heritage and it did not do the same for Maarifa and Hikmah continue to me solid Zoroastrian heritage. institutions and science diligently taught South West: Sufism displayed traits like and passed from one generation to the Puritan, orthodox, asceticism, explicit, other Kufa, Arabic Could we possibly witness the emergence 2 Traits of mystical Islam developed North East: Mysticism showed traits like of a new dynamic between modern day Sufism And Modernity Fusion, reconciliation, antinomianism, Iran as an Islamic Republic and the esoteric, Balkh, Persian reinterpretation of Sufism outside its classical/medieval traditional setting? Could Iran set the path for a renewal of a The Safavid empire ruled over Persia metaphysical outlook? from 1501 to 1736 Abu Hamid Al Ghazali 1059•1111

Same general elements of truth, ontology Saad Eddine Hamuiyah 13th century and epistemology Nasr Eddine Al Tusi 13th century Cross fertilization between both Rajab Al Bursi came along one century later communities and shared geographies leading to similar views on many points Similarities Hayder Amoli the author of "Jaami al Asrar" born in 1320 The mystical communities face similar challenges when confronting the orthodox In comparing and contracting Sufi Sufi Schools And Their Masters The Safavids had a tight relationship with jurists experiences in Sunni and Shii Islam we the Nimatullahi order find striking similarity and distinct The Nimatullahia originated with Sheikh Diffusion and fusion with eastern tradition differences Nimatullah Wali Kirmani in 1432 The tradition in the Shia heartland started The Nimatullahi Sufi order later on split into 4 branches much later than the Sunni world The Safavid period gave rise to scholars The extraordinary sophistication of such as: Mir Damad, Sadra Shirazi, Differences Persian society led to a different Mohsen Fayz, and Rajab Ali Jabrizi. development lifecycle Conclusion And Notes A particular emphasis was put on hikmah and maarifa as the surviving concept of The scholars listed in the last bullet point the Persian mystical tradition above developed a foundation leading to the fusion of Shia Gnosis, which later Both in terms of masters and orders settled on the two names: Hikmah and Persian Sufism is fiercely independent of Irfan Arab counterpart The main thesis of Hayder Amoli "la tete The influence of Ibn Al Arabi although a Points worth noting pensante" of shii Sufism takes the 7 Sunni mystic was significant and had far elements of mystic traditions: its reaching impact objective, benefits, epistemology, expression, organization, leadership and esoterism and maps them to elements of Spiritual knowledge as distinct from ILM as knowledge Hayder Amoli On Sufism shii doctrine such as Hikmah, karamat, Imama, Batin, and Takiyah Maarifa acquires distinctiveness based on perceptive qualities such as love, In effect he concludes that Sunni Sufism Maarifa or Hikma is defined in terms of an asceticism and fear or piety adopted Shii imamology by riding it from ascending scale of 3 tiers its terminology while maintaining its Maarifa in its final stage is defined as a essence form of spiritual realization of the Maarifa In Shii Sufism metaphysical world as opposed to the theological understanding of tawhid Nearly all Persian literature was composed by Persians and Persian speaking people The theological framework of Tawhid It is rich in history, philosophy, theology and mysticism The ontological framework of Tawhid Hayder Amoli introduced the following Although the prose style was available in Gradual evolution in learning from Naql to Aql to Kashf items to cement the relationship between Sufism and Shi'ism Persian literature such as "Siyasatnameh" Tafseer a treatise of governance by Nizam Al He also defined a typology in the Mulk in the 11th century Taaweel Hermeneutics of the Quran Sufism And Shi'ism The real strength of Persian literature was poetry Tafheem Literature And Poetry Persian poetry is generally situated in an abstract idealized setting Given that mysticism exalts the world to come and shows pessimism to this material world it found its vocation amongst Persian poets: Firdousi, Khayyam, Attar, Rumi, Saadi, Hafiz and Djami from about 930 to 1490

Iranian Sufism.mmap • 9/28/2006 • Mindjet Team