Little Genetic Differentiation As Assessed by Uniparental Markers in the Presence of Substantial Language Variation in Peoples O
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Historical Dynamics of Ọjị Ezinihitte Cultural Festival in Igboland, Nigeria
67 International Journal of Modern Anthropology Int. J. Mod. Anthrop. 2020. Vol. 2, Issue 13, pp: 67 - 98 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v2i13.2 Available online at: www.ata.org.tn & https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijma Research Article Historical dynamics of Ọjị Ezinihitte cultural festival in Igboland, Nigeria Akachi Odoemene Department of History and International Studies, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected] (Received 6 January 2020; Accepted 16 May 2020; Published 6 June 2020) Abstract - Ọjị (kola nut) is indispensable in traditional life of the Igbo of Nigeria. It plays an intrinsic role in almost all segments of the people‟s cultural life. In the Ọjị Ezinihitte festivity the „kola tradition‟ is meaningfully and elaborately celebrated. This article examines the importance of Ọjị within the context of Ezinihitte socio-cultural heritage, and equally accounts for continuity and change within it. An eclectic framework in data collection was utilized for this research. This involved the use of key-informant interviews, direct observation as well as extant textual sources (both published and un-published), including archival documents, for the purposes of the study. In terms of analysis, the study utilized the qualitative analytical approach. This was employed towards ensuring that the three basic purposes of this study – exploration, description and explanation – are well articulated and attained. The paper provided background for a proper understanding of the „sacred origin‟ of the Ọjị festive celebration. Through a vivid account of the festival‟s processes and rituals, it achieved a reconstruction of the festivity‟s origins and evolutionary trajectories and argues the festival as reflecting the people‟s spirit of fraternity and conviviality. -
Intergovernmental Committee On
E WIPO/GRTKF/IC/ 10/INF/5(d) WIPO ORIGINAL: English DATE: November 30, 2006 WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION GENEVA INTERGOVERNMENTAL CO MMITTEE ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERT Y AND GENETIC RESOUR CES, TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDG E AND FOLKLORE Tenth Sessi on Geneva, November 30 to December 8, 2006 WIPO PANEL ON , “INDIGENOUS AND LOCA L COMMUNITIES’ CONCERNS AND EXPERIE NCES IN PROMOTING, S USTAINING AND SAFEGUARDING THE IR TRADITIONAL KNOWL EDGE, TRADITIONAL CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS AND GEN ETIC RESOURCES” LOST IN TR ANSITION? TRADITION AL HEALERS OF SOUTH EAST NIGERIA AND THE DELEGITIMIZATION OF TRADITIONAL KNOW LEDGE AND CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS IN THE A GE OF MODERNITY NOVEMBER 30, 2006 Document prepared by Mr . Ikechi MGBEOJI , Associate Professor , Osgood Hall Law School , Toronto * * This document comprises the presentation in the form received from the presenter. Any views expressed in the presentation are not necessarily those of WIPO or any of its Member States. WIPO/GRTKF/IC/ 10 /INF/5(d) page 2 INTRODUCTION AND OVE RVIEW In the past decade, traditional knowledge systems, (hereafter TK systems) and forms of Cultural Expressions (hereafter CE) have witnessed a belated renaissance, both in policy instruments of some international intellec tual property organizations 1 and in some global international law agreements. 2 This is a welcome departure when indigenous peoples and millions of colonized peoples and cultures were regarded as sub -human and inferior species. In the gradual emergence of TK systems and CE from their status of humiliation and denigration to that of tolerance and grudging respect, concerns have been expressed on how best to protect TK and CE from corrosive and adverse influences and structures. -
Denial of Catholic Funeral Rites and Irregular Marriages in Igboland
Denial of Catholic Funeral Rites Copyright © Mmaju Eke (2014) and Irregular Marriages All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by means of in Igboland electronics, mechanical, electrostatics, magnetic tape, photocopying, (A canonical-pastoral analysis of cc. 1176 and 1184 CIC) recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author. Contact: [email protected] ISBN: Dissertation, Klaus Mörsdorf Canonical Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, Germany, 2013. Mmaju Eke Acknowledgement I owe the almighty God immense gratitude for my being and what he has decided to do with me till today. I give Him praise and everlasting honour. My Local Ordinary Bishop Dr. Gregor Maria Hanke OSB, the Bishop of Eichstaett Diocese, Germany, who believed in me and gave me the opportunity to undertake this studies in Jurisprudence even at my age. Also my Professors at the Klaus Mörsdorf Canonical Institute of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich/Germany Prof. Dr. Dr. Stephan Haering OSB, Prof. Dr. Dr. Helmuth Pree and Prof. Dr. Dr. Elmar Güthoff for their invaluable assistance throughout my study years at the Institute and the permission to publish this work as a product of the Institute. My thanks also go to my good friend Asst. Prof. Dr. Marinus Iwuchukwu of the Dept. of Liberal Arts and Dedication Theology, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, U.S.A. for reading through the work before it was presented. To Mrs Ursula All those gentle departed Catholic Souls, who were Förtsch, Rev. Frs. Jonathan Okafor, Cyril Okeke, Matthew Kalu, unjustly denied Catholic burial rites. -
Anglican Church and the Development of Pentecostalism in Igboland
ISSN 2239-978X Journal of Educational and Social Research Vol. 3 No. 10 ISSN 2240-0524 MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy December 2013 Anglican Church and the Development of Pentecostalism in Igboland Benjamin C.D. Diara Department of Religion and Cultural Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka- Nigeria Nche George Christian Department of Religion and Cultural Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka- Nigeria Doi:10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n10p43 Abstract The Anglican mission came into Igboland in the last half of the nineteenth century being the first Christian mission to come into Igboland, precisely in 1857, with Onitsha as the first spot of missionary propagation. From Onitsha the mission spread to other parts of Igboland. The process of the spread was no doubt, marked with the demonstration of the power of the Holy Spirit; hence the early CMS missionaries saw the task of evangelizing Igboland as something that could not have been possible without the victory of the Holy Spirit over the demonic forces that occupied Igboland by then. The objective of this paper is to historically investigate the claim that the presence of the Anglican Church in Igboland marked the origin of Pentecostalism among the Igbo. The method employed in this investigation was both analytical and descriptive. It was discovered that the Anglican mission introduced Pentecostalism into Igboland through their charismatic activities long before the churches that claim exclusive Pentecostalism came, about a century later. The only difference is that the original Anglican Pentecostalism was imbued in their Evangelical tradition as opposed to the modern Pentecostalism which is characterized by seemingly excessive emotional and ecstatic tendencies without much biblical anchorage. -
The Central Delta Languages: Comparative Word List and Historical Reconstructions
The Central Delta languages: comparative word list and historical reconstructions [DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT] Roger Blench Kay Williamson Educational Foundation 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Fax. 0044-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7967-696804 E-mail [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm This printout: August 14, 2008 Roger Blench Comparative Central Delta: front matter. Circulation draft TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface..............................................................................................................................................................iii 1. Introduction: the Central Delta languages..................................................................................................... 1 2. Sources on the Central Delta languages........................................................................................................ 2 3. History and anthropology.............................................................................................................................. 3 4. Phonology ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 5. Morphology................................................................................................................................................... 3 6. Syntax........................................................................................................................................................... -
1 Towards the Reconstruction of the Tense-Aspect-Mood
Towards the reconstruction of the tense-aspect-mood (TAM) system in early Bantoid, with particular attention to the category “tense” John R. Watters, SIL International September 2012 Proto-Niger-Congo Congress, Paris 1.0 Definition of the question The general purpose of this study is to contribute to our understanding of the tense-aspect- mood (TAM) categories and systems in proto or early Bantoid. Within that broad purpose, this study will give particular attention to the status of tense in Proto-Bantoid or early Bantoid. All Bantoid languages today systematically mark aspectual categories (e.g. imperfective) and modal categories (e.g. subjunctive). However, only some Bantoid languages mark tense as a grammatical category such as the Grassfields Bantu and Narrow Bantu languages. In other Bantoid languages, tense is absent such as in the Ekoid Bantu languages. This variation in the distribution of tense raises the question whether proto or early Bantoid was a tense-aspect language in which tense was lost in some subgroups over time, or was an aspect-prominent language in which certain subgroups innovated tense. If the latter case holds, I would want to ask additional questions: Where and when did the marking of tense as a verbal category emerge? What would it mean for our understanding of the early years of Bantoid, its subgroupings, and its internal migrations? Did the development of tense originate within one sub-set of languages from which it spread to others, or did various subgroups innovate tense independently of the others? I would also want to compare the distribution of tense in Bantoid languages with the results of lexicostatistical studies. -
The Languages of Rivers State of Nigeria: an Overview
THE LANGUAGES OF RIVERS STATE OF NIGERIA: AN OVERVIEW Ethelbert Emmanuel Kari1 Abstract This paper2 provides an updated overview of the languages of Rivers State of Nigeria in respect of the number, linguistic classification and features of the languages, as well as the distribution of the languages across the 23 Local Government Areas (LGAs)3 of the state. This is because the existing overviews contain little or no data on the linguistic features of the languages. It notes that Rivers State is a multilingual state in which 28 native or indigenous languages are spoken, and that the languages fall into two major sub-families (Benue-Congo and Ijoid) within the Niger-Congo phylum. With relevant data, the paper highlights and illustrates some of the interesting linguistic characteristics of the languages, which include advanced tongue root vowel harmony, noun classification via noun prefixes and noun classifiers, inclusive- exclusive distinction in personal pronouns, sex gender, verbal extensions, serial verb constructions and subject and/or object agreement marking. Furthermore, the paper considers the distribution of Rivers State languages and notes that the languages are not evenly distributed across the LGAs, and that many indigenous people of the state are bilingual or multilingual in the languages of the state. Finally, the paper notes that despite the enabling national and state policies and laws favouring mother-tongue education, Rivers State languages have not actively been used at the levels stipulated by the policies and laws. It recommends the enforcement and implementation of existing laws and policies so that the indigenous languages of the state are used at the levels stipulated by the National Policy on Education for the benefit of the citizens, state and country. -
Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Agwagune
An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 7 (3), Serial No. 30, July, 2013:261-279 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070--0083 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v7i3.19 Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Agwagune Ugot, Mercy - Centre for General Studies, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria Tel: +234 803 710 2294 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This paper focuses on the Agwagune language, which belongs to the Niger- Congo phylum and is spoken in Biase local government area of Cross River State, Nigeria. The language has been classified as a minority language because of its paucity in development and demography. The paper examines the phenomenon of lexical enrichment in the language which has been brought about by contact with other languages and the need to develop new vocabulary to cope with new concepts. Such has been achieved through borrowing from other language sources, compounding, hybridization, collocation and so on. Language contact has also led to the phenomena of code-switching and code-mixing. Data for this work was obtained primarily through direct interactions with native speakers and from secondary sources. The language still needs to develop a corpus for the language of technology. Key Words: Code-mixing, collocation, hybridization, metaphorical extensions, superstrate languages. Copyright© IAARR 2013: www.afrrevjo.net 261 Indexed African Journals Online: www.ajol.info Vol. 7 (3) Serial No. 30, July, 2013 Pp.261-279 Introduction Thomason, (1991) views language contacts as something that has existed for a very long time, probably since the beginning of mankind. Language contact has been shown to have far-reaching social, political, and linguistic effects. -
Africa's Gulf of Guinea Forests: Biodiversity Patterns and Conservation Priorities
Advances in Applied Biodiversity Science, no. 6 AABSAdvances in Applied Biodiversity Science Number 6 Africa’s Gulf of Guinea Forests: Africa’s Gulf of Guinea Forests:Biodiversity Patterns and Conservation Africa’s Biodiversity Patterns and Conservation Priorities John F. Oates, Richard A. Bergl, and Joshua M. Linder Priorities C Conservation International ONSERVATION 1919 M Street, NW, Suite 600 Washington, DC 20036 TEL: 202-912-1000 FAX: 202-912-0772 I NTERNATIONAL ISBN 1-881173-82-8 WEB: www.conservation.org 9 0 0 0 0> www.biodiversityscience.org 9781881173823 About the Authors John F. Oates is a CABS Research Fellow, Professor of Anthropology at Hunter College, City University of New York (CUNY), and a Senior Conservation Advisor to the Africa program of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS). He is cur- rently advising WCS on biodiversity conservation projects in eastern Nigeria and western Cameroon. Dr. Oates has conducted research on the ecology of forest primates in Africa and Asia since 1966, and has assisted with the development of rainforest protected areas in South India and West Africa. He has published extensively on primate biology and conservation and, as an active member of the IUCN-SSC Primate Specialist Group, has compiled conservation action plans for African primates. He holds a PhD from the University of London. Richard A. Bergl is a doctoral student in anthropology at the CUNY Graduate Center, in the graduate training program of the New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP). He is currently conducting research into the population and habitat viability of the Cross River gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli) in Nigeria and Cameroon. -
An Atlas of Nigerian Languages
AN ATLAS OF NIGERIAN LANGUAGES 3rd. Edition Roger Blench Kay Williamson Educational Foundation 8, Guest Road, Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/Answerphone 00-44-(0)1223-560687 Mobile 00-44-(0)7967-696804 E-mail [email protected] http://rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm Skype 2.0 identity: roger blench i Introduction The present electronic is a fully revised and amended edition of ‘An Index of Nigerian Languages’ by David Crozier and Roger Blench (1992), which replaced Keir Hansford, John Bendor-Samuel and Ron Stanford (1976), a pioneering attempt to synthesize what was known at the time about the languages of Nigeria and their classification. Definition of a Language The preparation of a listing of Nigerian languages inevitably begs the question of the definition of a language. The terms 'language' and 'dialect' have rather different meanings in informal speech from the more rigorous definitions that must be attempted by linguists. Dialect, in particular, is a somewhat pejorative term suggesting it is merely a local variant of a 'central' language. In linguistic terms, however, dialect is merely a regional, social or occupational variant of another speech-form. There is no presupposition about its importance or otherwise. Because of these problems, the more neutral term 'lect' is coming into increasing use to describe any type of distinctive speech-form. However, the Index inevitably must have head entries and this involves selecting some terms from the thousands of names recorded and using them to cover a particular linguistic nucleus. In general, the choice of a particular lect name as a head-entry should ideally be made solely on linguistic grounds. -
Igbos: the Hebrews of West Africa
Igbos: The Hebrews of West Africa by Michelle Lopez Wellansky Submitted to the Board of Humanities School of SUY Purchase in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts Purchase College State University of New York May 2017 Sponsor: Leandro Benmergui Second Reader: Rachel Hallote 1 Igbos: The Hebrews of West Africa Michelle Lopez Wellansky Introduction There are many groups of people around the world who claim to be Jews. Some declare they are descendants of the ancient Israelites; others have performed group conversions. One group that stands out is the Igbo people of Southeastern Nigeria. The Igbo are one of many groups that proclaim to make up the Diasporic Jews from Africa. Historians and ethnographers have looked at the story of the Igbo from different perspectives. The Igbo people are an ethnic tribe from Southern Nigeria. Pronounced “Ee- bo” (the “g” is silent), they are the third largest tribe in Nigeria, behind the Hausa and the Yoruba. The country, formally known as the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is in West Africa on the Atlantic Coast and is bordered by Chad, Cameroon, Benin, and Niger. The Igbo make up about 18% of the Nigerian population. They speak the Igbo language, which is part of the Niger-Congo language family. The majority of the Igbo today are practicing Christians. Though they identify as Christian, many consider themselves to be “cultural” or “ethnic” Jews. Additionally, there are more than two million Igbos who practice Judaism while also reading the New Testament. In The Black -
Science Education and Challenges of Globalization in Igbo Nation
US-China Education Review B, ISSN 2161-6248 February 2013, Vol. 3, No. 2, 116-127 D DAVID PUBLISHING Science Education and Challenges of Globalization in Igbo Nation Ezeudu F. O., Nkokelonye C. U., Adigwe J. C. University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria This paper reviewed the scientific contents in Igbo culture. Description of the Igbos who constitutes an ethnic group occupying southeastern Nigeria was made. It x-rayed the pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial culture of Igbo people and identified the scientific cultural activities, which can be harnessed to meet the challenges of modern day globalization. The advent of science and science education in Igbo culture and its applications in various cultural activities of the Igbos both in the pre-literate and post-literate era were discussed. The implications of these for the development of Igbo nation were examined and recommendations were made on how the scientific cultural activities can be improved to enhance the integration of the Igbo culture into the modern-day globalization. Keywords: Igbo, origin, culture, evolution, science education, colonial, globalization, challenges Introduction Igbo Origin and Cultural Evolution The Igbo nation is not to be introduced in the community of nations. The University of Nigeria, the first indigenous university in Africa, south of Sahara and north of the River Limpopo, is Igbo contribution to world civilization. From the 18th century, three Igbo patriots had acquired international fame and reputation (Afigbo, 1981, p. 145): (1) Olaudah Equiano