December 2015-January 2016 Volume 12 No. 6 `100.00 (-Based Buyer Only) See page 12 Now Available NEW EDITION SP’s AN SP GUIDE P UBLICATION

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In This Issue >> lead story

Page 3 Modernisation Through ‘Make in India’ – COAS The acquisition process has been ‘Our security response system prioritised and has been divided into three categories: First is Critical, second is Important and third is Essential. needs to encompass the entire Ranjeet Kumar

Page 4 Pathankot Terror Strike – Pattern Remains spectrum of conflict’ the Same We fail to recognise and acknowledge that there are no non-state actors in Pakistan On January 6, 2016, Lt V.K. Kapoor (Retd), Editor of SP’s Land Forces, – each and every one of them is linked to the ISI. interviewed Chief of the Army Staff General Dalbir Singh in his office in South Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd) Block. In a free and frank atmosphere, this highly decorated and widely Page 6 experienced Chief of the spoke about the roles and modernisation Infusing Technology to Enhance Training Processes for Modern Warfare status of the Indian Army. He elaborated on the professional and institutional ethos which makes the Indian Army one of the most potent fighting forces in the world whose professional competence, courage, valour and sacrifices for the country are legendary.

photograph: Indian Army

Advancements in fields of simulation technology, neuro sciences and sports medicine provide for the desired tools to make training effective and need to be extensively utilised. Vijay Singh

Page 8 Resumption of Indo-Pak Talks The breakthrough in Indo-Pak relations during the ‘Heart of Asia’ conference in Islamabad recently is a welcome step close on the heels of the NSAs of the two countries meeting in Bangkok. Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd)

Page 10 Lt General J.F.R. Jacob – A Legend Laid to Rest

Lt General V.K. Kapoor (Retd) presenting a copy of SP’s Military Yearbook 2015-2016 to Chief of the Army Staff General Dalbir Singh

Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd) SP’s Land Forces (SP’s): How do you per- along our borders to ‘Asymmetric Threats’ ness and enhancing capabilities, including Plus ceive the current global and regional including proxy war and its manifestations. in collaboration with like-minded friendly SP’s Exclusives 10 security environment? What kind of chal- There are emerging challenges in informa- countries, to deter and defeat threats lenges do they pose for India? tion dimension and space domain as well, across the entire spectrum, if and when News in Brief 11 Chief of the Army Staff (COAS): The con- besides cyberspace which is all encompass- they manifest. temporary security environment is dynamic ing. We are keeping ourselves ready and and poses challenges across the entire spec- alert to take on all challenges accordingly. SP’s: The fight against terrorism has trum of conflict to include both conven- The apex National Security Establish- become a priority among all nations. The tional and unconventional scenarios. These ment as well as the armed forces are fully ISIS in Iraq and Syria, the largest ter- range from traditional ‘Land Centric Threat’ engaged in maintaining operational readi- ror group in the world, aims to create an Applied for

6/2015 SP’s Land Forces 1 >> lead story

there is no clarity of NDA Gov- Let us now have a look at proved marginally only in respect The second major decision in- ernment’s Pakistan policy. The the defence modernisation in the of some munitions. Adding to the volves the acquisition 145 pieces deadlock of stalled talks seemed country. A decade and more of existing shortages is the new rais- of M777 ultra-light howitzers from to have been broken after Modi severe and unprecedented ne- ing of the Mountain Strike the US through the foreign military and Nawaz Sharif’s unscheduled glect by the political leadership for our Eastern theatre, which is sales for close to `2,900 crore. meeting at climate change talks of the country under UPA rule expected to reduce the Army’s BAE Systems has agreed to shift in Paris. This was followed by the to modernise the three Services reserve stocks called ‘War Wast- its complete ‘assembly, integra- Prime Minister’s surprise meet- has left them gasping for breath age Reserves’ in terms of equip- tion and testing’ facility to India ing with his Pakistani counterpart to stay alive and relevant to the ment and munitions further. The and the guns would be manufac- Nawaz Sharif in Lahore on his way roles and missions earmarked for capital budget, which is meant for tured in partnership with an Indian back home after a day-long trip to them during hostilities/war. procurement of equipment, when company. In addition, an inflow of Afghanistan and a two-day visit to As far as the Army is con- analysed for the years 2014-15 close to $200 million is expected In over 19 months in power, Prime Russia. However, the onset of the cerned, General V.K. Singh and 2015-16 seem to suggest that against the offset obligations. Minister Narendra Modi seems to new year saw the attempts to re- (Retd), a former Chief of Army no significant changes in equip- Finally, in a landmark deci- be facing more challenges now sume the comprehensive dialogue Staff (COAS), wrote a letter re- ment status of the Army will come sion, the government has ap- than in the period when he was process with Pakistan receiving garding the status of equipment in about in the near future. proved a Russian proposal to elected to the office. His beginning a sudden jolt by the terror attack the Army to the Prime Minister on Three landmark decisions of build 200 Russian Ka-226T Ka-

EDITORIAL was bold and dynamic especially in Pathankot by Pakistan-based March 12, 2012. It highlighted that MoD of May 2015 have generated mov light helicopters in India, with considering the fact that the opin- Jaish-e-Mohammed terrorists and the mission reliability of mecha- considerable interest in the Indian full technology transfer. It is ap- ion makers were apprehensive it remains to be seen how this situ- nised vehicles was poor, the artil- defence industry and have shown parent that the above mentioned about his ability to capably steer ation will play out. lery was obsolete and inadequate, government’s resolve in preferring ‘Make in India’ initiatives are the India’s foreign policy. Modi’s diplo- Nearer home, the worsening air defence was antiquated, ar- ‘Make in India’ route. The first go- harbinger of much bigger plans to matic achievements have silenced situation in Nepal and Maldives mour was unreliable due to regu- ahead has been given to Tata-Air- reduce dependence on imports: the critics. Modi Government’s ag- are two other major problems. lar barrel accidents caused by bus combine for the manufacture exciting times are in the offing for gressive diplomatic outreach saw The changes in Myanmar indicate mismatch between indigenous of transport aircraft to replace the the indigenous defence industry, him undertaking 37 foreign trips positive developments, however barrels and ammunition, night- ageing fleet of Avro 748 aircraft. including the private sector. across five continents till January India will have to balance its equa- fighting devices were insufficient, The proposal entails procurement This issue carries articles cov- 2016. His personal rapport with tion with the military and the politi- aviation corps helicopters needed of 16 C-295 aircraft off the shelf ering modernisation, Pathankot world leaders has given a new cal leadership. urgent replacements, and hold- from the foreign vendor and man- terror strike, resumption of Indo- and different meaning to Indian The NDA Government inher- ings of all types of missiles, anti- ufacture of 40 aircraft in India with Pak talks and infusing technology diplomacy. However, his foreign ited a poor state of economy in mid- tank and specialised ammunition complete transfer of technology to to enhance training. policy push has not softened the 2014. However, the first budget was critically low. the Indian partner. This project is opposition, especially the Con- presented by the government has Following this it seems that a game-changing initiative as it is gress Party which continues to been termed as a “lost opportunity”; the Ministry of Defence (MoD) had considered to be an ideal platform oppose anything and everything the government failed to utilise its asked Army Headquarters to fast- for the integration of the private that he does. honeymoon period to push major track acquisitions and the list of sector and the development of al- While the Prime Minister’s for- structural reforms and the economy essentials was prepared and sent. ternate facilities for the manufac- eign policy push is to be admired, is still not out of the woods. However, the situation has im- ture of aerospace systems. Lt General V.K. Kapoor (Retd)

Islamic caliphate across the world. In our should Special Forces Command be given depleted stocks. The government is commit- of the larger manpower. This leaves a rela- neighbourhood Pakistan is virtually a fac- the priority for raising? ted to recuperate these stocks at the earliest. tively smaller sum in capital budget for new tory for training terrorists and is indulging COAS: The security environment in India’s Resolute steps are being initiated to ensure procurements and modernisation. What in state-sponsored terrorism. Additionally a neighbourhood is complex and in a state of that there is no depletion of stocks and nec- can be done to improve this situation? large number of professional terror groups constant turmoil/evolution. Threats and essary financial support is provided for the COAS: The force level of the IA is based on are available for hire. How is the growth of challenges are multidimensional, thus our sustenanceof new raisings as well as mod- the overall threat perception for both exist- terrorism and other related forms of asym- security response system needs to encompass ernisation plans of the Indian Army. ing and perceived threats in the current and metric warfare going to affect India in the the entire spectrum of conflict. Info warfare, future scenarios. Currently the strength future and what steps would the Army like cyber warfare and weaponisation of space SP’s: Effective surveillance and reconnais- of standing Army is approx 1.23 million to take to prepare for this type of conflict? are an emerging dimension of threat. sance are an essential part of current and wherein, mostly, the ‘soldier’ himself is a COAS: The recent massacre at San Ber- While certain capabilities in the Cyber, future capabilities at unit and formation weapon system. This accounts for relatively nardino, California, on December 2, 2015, Special Forces and Aerospace domains level? UAVs are critical to this requirement. higher amounts being allocated to revenue whose perpetrators can be traced back to already exist, these are to be jointly built upon What is the concept of Indian Army in this head accounting for salaries and suste- Pakistan and who had pledged allegiance by the Services in keeping with the national respect and where are we at present? nance purposes. Thus leading to a percep- to the Islamic State are indicative of the security requirements. As a first step, we are COAS: An integrated Battle Field Surveil- tion of skewed ratio of funds, being heavily growing footprints of ISIS, particularly in presently considering raising of tri service lance System, with mutually comple- in favour of revenue at the cost of capital. the Af-Pak. No part of the world can remain agencies for each of these domains, as part mentary sensors at all levels, provides the I must point out that capital acquisition insulated from this looming threat and their of a ‘Phased Adaptive Approach’. required combat information to the decision and modernisation of the Army gets due sponsors in our neighbourhood. We have makers. UAVs are the only aerial means of priority. The modernisation/capital budget is taken proactive steps to institutionalise SP’s: In April 2015, the Defence Ministry ISR and target acquisition available to the separate from the revenue (salary and suste- intelligence sharing with like-minded coun- decided to downsize the 90,000-strong Field Commander for employment of his nance) budget. The capital budget is not based tries and develop cogent response mecha- Mountain Strike Corps that was announced long-range vectors to engage targets in on the expenditure/allocation for revenue nism to thwart their designs. The likely by UPA to act as a counter to the expand- depth, hence are a potent force multiplier. budget but on requirements projected, pri- ‘spillover effect’ of terrorism from Af-Pak ing Chinese military capabilities and intru- In order to afford comprehensive and gap oritised and sanctioned by a collegiate involv- remains our immediate concern as Taliban sions. It was to be raised over seven years free surveillance all along the borders, there ing the CCS, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of had demonstrated the potency of its resur- at a budget of `64,478 crore. Now, it seems is a need to augment the present holding of Defence and Army HQ. The onus of procure- gence in the capture at Kunduz on Septem- that the force will have 35,000 soldiers and UAVs. The requirement of additional UAVs ments rests on all the stakeholders. The capi- ber 28, 2015. Regionally, we are shoring the cut has been attributed to “severe fund has been included in the Long-term Inte- tal modernisation budget over the years has up the capability of Afghanistan National shortage”. What is the status of raising of grated Perspective Plans (LTIPP) and their been in sync with the absorption capabilities Security Force (ANSF) to combat this threat the Mountain Strike Corps? procurement is being pursued expeditiously. of the various organisations involved. through training and in advisory capacity. COAS: In consonance with our perspec- Jammu and Kashmir is most vulner- tive planning with reference to capability SP’s: What is the current policy on women’s SP’s: What tactical concepts should the able to the nefarious designs of ISIS/Pak, development along northern borders, the entry into the armed forces, Permanent Army adopt in view of the stated position of be it radicalisation of youth or ‘lone wolf’ Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) in Commission for Women Officers (WOs) and the Pakistan Army with regard to the use of attacks motivated by its divisive ideology. July 2013 had sanctioned accretions for the what is the Army’s stand on women being tactical nuclear weapons on the battlefield? We are constantly monitoring these devel- Indian Army which includes the Mountain enrolled in the combat arms such as the COAS: As we all know Pakistan has been opments in concert with other security and Strike Corps. As far as raising of the force is armoured corps and the infantry? a revisionist state, which has, thus far, intelligence agencies and are fully prepared concerned, I can assure you that it is pro- COAS: The Permanent Commission has attempted to balance its conventional asym- to meet the growing threat of asymmetric gressing as per approved schedule. already been extended to women officers in metry through proxy war against India. warfare being waged by forces inimical to Creation of desired capability to mitigate AEC & JAG and at present IA is holding 54 I would emphasise that our nuclear India’s interests. the threats being faced by nation is a prior- Permanent Commission WOs. Issues related doctrine is comprehensive and unambigu- ity for the armed forces as well as for the to granting of Permanent Commission to ous and India possesses credible deterrence SP’s: Three additional commands were to government. The sanctioned raisings will be Women Officers in Technical and Combat against any nuclear threat. be raised, namely the Cyber Command, completed in the desired time frame. Support Arms are being studied. Measures to prepare IA to fight in such Special Forces Command and the Aero- Immediate equipping and arming of conditions in terms of doctrine, training space Command. What is the current status these forces has been done from the exist- SP’s: The ratio of revenue to capital budget and equipment are in place. Upgrades of of these projects? In light of the growing ing stocks held with the Indian Army and in the army’s portion of the defence budget existing equipment are being addressed at

SP www.spslandforces.com challenge of international terror groups indents have been initiated to make up these leans heavily in favour of the former in view highest level on priority.

2 SP’s Land Forces 6/2015 modernisation >> Modernisation Through ‘Make in India’ – COAS The acquisition process has been prioritised and has been divided into three categories: First is Critical, second is Important and third is Essential

photograph: SP Guide pubns  Ranjeet Kumar the , the Indian Army is pursuing an ambitious indigenisation pro- he TRADITIONAL annual gramme to meet the modernisation target. media interaction of Our advances in this domain have been sub- the Chief of the Army Staff Gen- stantive. General Dalbir Singh said that he eral Dalbir Singh was hijacked would like to share that maximum acceptance by the issue of terror attacks on of necessity for the Army has been accorded TPathankot airbase and the role played by in the category of Buy and Make (Indian). Army along with other security agencies. He also claimed that 50 per cent of the However, the Chief of the Army Staff procurement contracts have been issued to (COAS) did talk at length about the security the Indian industry. In the past two years, challenges the Army is facing and its mod- 55 per cent of our modernisation budget ernisation process. Regarding modernisation, has been spent on indigenous industry to the Army Chief revealed that the acquisition meet long-term needs of the Indian Army. process has been prioritised and has been In line with the ‘Make in India’ programme divided into three categories: First is Critical, the Indian Army is pursuing indigenous pro- second is Important and third is Essential. gramme. In last five years we have cleared According to the Chief, the Army Headquar- 63 per cent of procurement contracts with ters has made provisions for seven items Indian industry. under Critical, 17 systems under Important In terms of value, 55 per cent of Indian and rest in Essential category. budget has been spent on indigenous pro- “We are focusing on the critical and Chief of the Army Staff gramme. The Army Headquarters has also set important areas in last two years,” said the General Dalbir Singh Answered to up the Army Design Bureau to provide techni- Army Chief. The artillery guns and upgra- cal inputs to the Defence Research and Devel- dation of air defence guns like Schilka have SP’s on Army Day Press Conference opment Organisation (DRDO) along with the been included in the Critical list, which are relevant manufacturing agencies. The Army being upgraded regularly. In this list, we SP’s Land Forces: Quick questions thus would find it easier to help in ‘Make in are also giving priority to the SRSAM and India’ programme. Despite the technological MRSAM system acquisitions and all are mov- Jayant Baranwal: What are the new secu- COAS: There are areas where there has advances it is the man behind the machine, ing in desired manner. The acquisition of self- rity challenges? been very little progress or no progress. but it is the machine that counts. Under ‘Make propelled towed guns and other categories COAS: The dynamics of security chal- For example, the acquisition of artillery in India’ scheme the future infantry combat of guns are moving in right directions. The lenges keep changing with time, the envi- guns. For the last 28 years, we have not vehicle (FICV), upgrades of BMP, future ready upgradation of the mechanised forces are ronment prevailing not only in India but got a single piece added to our inventory, combat vehicle (FRCV) will be handed over to also going on,” said the Army Chief. in our neighbourhood and across. The so there are certain deficiencies of that the Indian private sector for long-term needs The Defence Acquisition Council has also new security challenges that have now kind. But there has been substantial prog- of the Indian Army. Workshops have recently cleared third-generation missile systems. emerged, one is cyber threat which is a ress, at least in the last year-and-a-half, on been conducted in Delhi and planned in major missile has also been inducted in the main challenge that we have to counter. this account. Very large number of clear- industrial hubs like Bengaluru and Ahmed- Army. We are totally focusing on modernisa- We are taking certain steps towards this, ances have been given on major procure- abad. And we also occasionally organise tion. The COAS revealed that “the Vice Chief whether it is creation of firewalls, the ment cases. Talking about Arty itself, 814 meetings with the Indian industry. keeps a track on the modernisation process on number of layers that we are creating, the guns were cleared. Whether it is Vajra or The Army Design Bureau is being set up a daily basis and I take a look at it on a weekly age gap between the computers, the edu- , they are at various stages of to concentrate on design expertise and to pro- basis. ‘Make in India’, I feel, is critical. Many cation of people on ground and also sen- procurement. So a large number of pro- vide technical inputs and expertise to DRDO systems we have to buy immediately and then sitising the environment. We have a cyber curement cases of major equipment and and will also help in the ‘Make in India’ pro- there are systems to be acquired through the group here at the Army Headquarters and ammunition are definitely moving ahead. gramme. All of these initiatives are designed transfer of technology.” there are establishments created, certain It will take some time. I think in the near to enhance domestic capabilities. The Army Chief rejected media reports organisations at the formation level which future we will start feeling the effect. Emphasising the importance of main- that the decision to set up the Mountain are looking into this aspect. Also, we carry taining the high morale of the men, the Strike Corps has been curtailed substantially. out a cyber audit periodically to ensure Baranwal: Will fast-tracked modernisa- Army Chief said that It is vitally important He emphatically rebutted media reports that that the security of this aspect is taken tion process keep the ‘Make in India’ on to maintain the human resource. He assured the Mountain Strike Corps will not be set care of. This is one basic area, otherwise side to meet the immediate and critical the nation that Army is highly motivated and up in its original plan, due to funds crunch. asymmetric threat has only increased. requirements? fully ready to respond to threats. The Army Chief asserted that it is going as Every time you find the answer to one, COAS: For both the critical and important In response to a question by SP Guide per plan and the Corps will be raised as per another comes up. projects, we will Buy and Make (Indian), Publications, the Army Chief said that schedule by 2021. He also repudiated media because if it is critical, it is immediate and “the security challenges keep changing reports that there has been instructions Baranwal: Are we equipped enough today ‘Make in India’ will take some time. We in a dynamic environment. We focus on from certain quarters to slow down the rais- to handle any kind of conflicts or we are will straight away provide what is mini- cyber threats and also carry out cyber ing of the Corps. He asserted that there has still stuck with the point where General mum required, thereafter, through the audit. Besides, the asymmetric threat is on been no budgetary cuts. Malik had said during Kargil “We shall transfer of technology we will make the rise. There are areas in which there has Talking about Army’s role in national fight with what we have”? balance quantity. SP been very little progress or no progress. For security the Chief said that the Indian example, the acquisition of artillery guns Army and media play a crucial role in as we have not got the guns for 28 years. national security. It is this convergence and However, we have seen progress in recent synergy of efforts that plays a vital link in said that effective management of unde- Army Design Bureau years. The acquisition of artillery guns have national security and society. He compli- marcated LAC on northern borders, con- The Army Chief said that a large number been cleared. Large number of procurement mented the media for their support to the solidation of internal security situation in of measures have been initiated to expedite cases have been cleared. These are in vari- Indian Army which has been a force multi- the Northeast remains an ongoing com- the induction of modern hardware and sys- ous stages of implementation. The govern- plier in nation-building efforts. mitment. Regarding the ongoing proxy tems. The acquisition of systems will be done ment has cleared the acquisition of 814 In Indian context the challenges the war in Jammu and Kashmir and insur- through the Defence Procurement Procedure guns. The Vajra and Dhanush are in vari- Army is facing is to preserve national gency in the Northeast, the Chief said that (DPP) which should be getting promulgated ous stages of procurements and trials. As interests against internal and external the national security challenges continue very soon. This will surely ensure probity and far as procurement of bullet proof jackets is threats. Referring to disputes on the line to pose serious threats. To effectively meet transparency, and greater accountability in concerned the acquisition process of about of control (LOC) and line of actual control all these challenges this gives inherent defence acquisitions. The Army Chief said 1,86,000 bullet proof jackets is under way. (LAC) and ceasefire violations and insur- primacy to land forces. Apart from the that no nation can aspire to acquire a great First trials have been completed and the sec- gency in the Northeast, the Army Chief traditional economic threats we have the power status without indigenous research and ond trials are on. The Army has also issued asserted that the Army is ever ready to existing external and internal threats and development and defence production base. In new General Staff Qualitative Requirements face any challenges thrown to them. He regional security dynamics. line with the ‘Make in India’ programme of (GSQR) for 60,000 bullet proof jackets.” SP

6/2015 SP’s Land Forces 3 >> internal security Pathankot Terror Strike – Pattern Remains the Same We fail to recognise and acknowledge that there are no non-state actors in Pakistan – each and every one of them is linked to the ISI. The recent Modi-Nawaz bonhomie at Lahore also gave some wrong notion that Pakistani military and polity are on the same page – they are not.

illustration: Vimlesh Kumar Yadav  Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd) deal with the situation in an IAF base that covers scores of square kms, little realising he Defence Minister Mano- NSG is meant for point action of specific har Parrikar’s statements “only nature not area sanitisation. So, the perim- one soldier was killed in actual eter of the IAF was not secured permitting operations”, “strategic assets are easy entry to terrorists. Obviously, there is safe” and “operation was only for no understanding of using specialist troops. T36 hours with balance for combing” are The deliberate ignoring of the better trained no consolation to the nation. The ease with army was observed during the Gurdaspur which the terrorists crossed the interna- attack was repeated in Pathankot with obvi- tional border (IB), entered Pathankot Indi- Pathankot ous results. The Army Special Forces were an Air Force (IAF) base and inflicted more closer than the NSG but police oneupman- casualties than their numbers and the psy- ship ruled the roost. The hierarchy again chological impact speaks for itself. Since wanted the hardcore terrorists alive not the operation was more or less left to the appreciating they are firing automatic weap- National Security Guards (NSG), one won- ons and capture of injured terrorists like ders why Parrikar travelled to Pathankot Akmal Kasab is bonus. The irony in India is escorted by the Indian Army and IAF Chiefs that the Congress Party which is crying blue when NSG is not under him and when he murder faired equally badly, if not more. emphasised last word of closure of opera- Base Ironically, both the US and China con- tion remains with NSG. AF tinue to support the Pakistani military in The operation stretched beyond four days I their own national interests despite all the with six terrorists killed, own casualties seven generation of terrorism by that country. to nine (some succumbing in hospital) includ- fact is that Punjab is flooded with narcot- ally did not know then he was unfit for the The United States that forced Pakistan to ing five from the Defence Security Corps (DSC) ics from Pakistan in the past few years with post of Prime Minister. His brother, Shahbaz join the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) who were not equipped with night vision, or institutionalised conduits on our side that Sharif as Chief Minister of Punjab, has lately under the threat of “bombing it into stone walkie-talkie radios and modern assault rifles. obviously have political and police back- been doling out money to terrorist organisa- age” can easily put enough pressure on Almost 20 personnel on our side were also ing. The excuse being given that the night tions. The recruiting base for both the mili- Pakistan to end her proxy wars on India reported injured. The bomb disposal squad vision with the (BSF) tary and terrorist organisations in Pakistan and Afghanistan, but does not do so. Even suffered one casualty and four injured ignor- in Bamiyal area was faulty fools no one. are common and many sections of the Paki- in the instant case of the Pathankot strike, ing lessons from the Liberation Tigers of Tamil This was obviously by design and known to stani administration are aligned with ter- where there is clear evidence of Pakistani Eelam (LTTE) and Maoists booby-trapping Pakistani Rangers. Significantly, the same rorist organisations, many politicians also handlers, US has made the routine perfunc- their dead. An IAF base was chosen as the infiltration route was also used during the having won elections with terrorist support. tory statement including that all countries target because of its expanse, and part of the recent Gurdaspur terror attack. Regular Pakistani military’s stranglehold on Pakistan in the region should cooperate in curbing periphery secured only through patrolling smuggling routes are also terrorist infil- is tightening. Its corporate-private business terror. China is hand in glove with Pakistan makes access easy. Once inside, terrorists can tration routes assisted from our side since stood at $20.7 billion in 2007, and it defines even at the subconventional level against lie doggo in underbrush or move from cover to crores of rupees are involved in narcotics. the foreign and defence policies of Pakistan. India. Not without reason Ashley Tellis of cover retaining the initiative of firing at any The ease with which a vehicle was arranged In order to retain the power and money, the Carnegie Foundation says, “India being movement. Besides, aircraft are lucrative tro- from the Indian side using a Pakistani tele- the Pakistani Army must remain in confron- subjected to terrorism suits many…India is phies which can be targeted by small arms and phone indicates the nexus. tation with India and Afghanistan. The mil- a sponge that absorbs terror.” the rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) enhanc- We fail to acknowledge there are no non- itary is getting more and more radicalised, With simultaneous targeting of the ing the terror and panic value. The Pathankot state actors in Pakistan – each and every one some even calling themselves ‘Allah’s Indian Consulate at Mazar-i-Sharif in strike was planned in the same manner as the of them is linked to the ISI. The recent Naren- Army’ in private conversation rather than Afghanistan in conjunction the Pathankot 26/11 Mumbai terror strike by the Pakistani dra Modi-Nawaz Sharif bonhomie at Lahore Pakistani Army. Steeped in teachings of terrorist strike, the message from the Paki- Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), with former also gave some wrong notion that Pakistani Zia-ul-Haq and Pervez Musharraf, there is stani military is crystal clear; you can lot trained by Pakistani Marines and this time military and polity are on the same page – little chance of change – remember Mush- carry on with India-Pakistan dialogue but by the Special Services Group (SSG). they are not. Nawaz Sharif’s own excuse in arraf saying: “Even if the Kashmir issue is we will continue waging proxy war on Terrorists were in regular touch 1999 that he was not aware of the Kargil resolved, jihad against India will continue”. you while our foreign office continues say- with their Pakistani handlers, who even intrusions can hardly be believed – if he actu- That is why you find little progress in pun- ing we condemn terrorism and Pakistan is arranged a taxi this side of the IB by calling ishing the 26/11 perpetrators, Zaki-ur- also victim of terrorism. It does not matter from a Pakistani number. The Pathankot Rehman Lakhvi getting royal treatment, that the frustration of the Pakistani Army terror module was in touch with their han- Pakistani military’s Hafiz Saeed acting chief advisor to ISI and never having won a single war is part of the dlers in Bahawalpur in Pakistan, headquar- stranglehold on Pakistan observed in areas across the line of control motivation. The fact is that terrorism is the ters of the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM). The (LoC), and Sartaj Aziz making public state- cheapest option to keep India on the boil taxi was abandoned due to an accident and is tightening. Its ment that “Pakistan should not engage in and keep its security forces stretched. This is terrorists then hijacked the official car in war with those terrorist whose target is not not a new narrative but has been on for past which Salwinder Singh, the Superintendent corporate-private business attacking Pakistan.” three decades plus. of Police (SP) Gurdaspur, was travelling The hierarchical response by India What India has failed to acknowledge along with a friend and a cook (as described stood at $20.7 billion remains pathetic. During the IC-184 hijack is that subconventional war is the name by Salwinder), for onward journey, terror- the NSG was not moved to Amritsar for of the game and irregular forces have ists taking with them only the jeweller hos- in 2007, and it defines lack of an aircraft and psychologist being emerged with greater strategic value over tage, who too was dumped with his throat unavailable. The hierarchy was blissfully conventional and even nuclear forces, and slit. Salwinder’s statement is found fishy the foreign and defence unaware that one Special Group of the SFF reliance purely on conventional force and even by the Director of the National Inves- policies of Pakistan. In too is trained in anti-hijack and have their diplomacy is grossly inadequate. India has tigation Agency (NIA). Why was he out on own aircraft available. During the 26/11, to fight terrorism on its own. At best India the sensitive night of January 1 in his offi- order to retain the power the then Home Minister was personally may get intelligence but that too only if it cial car without his personal SPO, without announcing how many NSG personnel are suits the national interest of the provider his personal weapon, vehicle’s blue light and money, the Pakistani being dispatched, when would they leave country. We have failed to learn lessons non-functional, escorted by his cook and a Delhi and when would they reach Mumbai, from terror strikes in the past decades jeweller friend? Why did terrorists not take Army must remain in the DG NSG (IPS officer) directing he wants including at military camps at Kaluchak, Salwinder hostage instead of the jeweller? the terrorists alive as if it was routine law Tanda and the like. Our inward-looking There is speculation Salwinder travelled to confrontation with India and order situation. policy has cost us much more dearly. We Mazar to link up with terrorists, possibly and Afghanistan. In the instant case of the Pathankot raid, need to speedily build credible deterrence helping them cross two checkpoints. despite advance warning of one complete to counter Pakistan’s proxy war getting the

SP www.spslandforces.com NIA’s final findings will take time but the day, 160 NSG personnel were dispatched to handle on Pakistan’s fault lines.

4 SP’s Land Forces 6/2015

>> technology Infusing Technology to Enhance Training Processes for Modern Warfare Advancements in fields of simulation technology, neuro sciences and sports medicine provide for the desired tools to make training effective and need to be extensively utilised

 Major General Vijay Singh based system, Information Warfare (IW) The importance of integrated and col- limitations versus need for realistic inte- tools have placed immense challenges on lective warfighting capability employing grated training in modern weapons sys- odern warfare has the military planners and executioners all available tools of modern-day war is tems and equipment in all the domains of transcended extraordi- of war. The Revolution in Military Affairs also more pronounced than ever before. warfare, it becomes all the more relevant nary boundaries as a conse- (RMA) demands an extensive and method- Likewise the physical and psychological to gainfully employ tools made available quence of fast paced tech- ical approach to preparation modalities for preparation of all ranks as also train- by modern-day technology. The increas- nological advancements in such eventualities. The canvas of preparing ing of leaders at all levels to cope with, ingly relevant psychological and physical Mrecent times. Highlighting the changed for a modern war is vast and encompasses understand and gainfully apply modern preparation of the human resource that environment is a statement made by the a range of activities; however this article technology has also become an indispens- further compounds training requirements Commander of the US Cyber Command purely focuses on the all important arena able component of training. As of now, also needs to be addressed using appropri- who has predicted that “the next war will of training processes that would enhance we have not fully exploited the available ate scientific tools. Advancements in fields begin in cyber space”. The rapid expansion the operational effectiveness of man and modern scientific tools and technology to of simulation technology, neuro sciences of war zone into the Space and Cyber machine. In addition to the basics, the train and there is immense scope for utilis- and sports medicine provide for the desired domains and likewise the developments in training today needs to cover high-tech ing these in a pragmatic and methodical tools to make training effective and need to battlefield transparency, enhanced weap- weapon systems, specialist equipment and manner. In the backdrop of contradictory be extensively utilised. on ranges coupled with high accuracy system related to surveillance, electronic constraints and requirement, in the form This article endeavours to identify the and lethality, information technology (IT) warfare, information and cyber warfare. of shrinking training space, budgetary areas where this technology and other sci-

>> marketing feature Odu high-speed connector solutions for harsh environment military applications

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6 SP’s Land Forces 6/2015 technology >>

entific tools could be applied to train the types of vehicles being supplied by them to change management education and coach- or injuries, for example, after long-range men in uniform for optimal and effective the Army. Similarly these arrangements ing. Such modern tools if employed, after patrolling, counter-terrorist operations, etc, application of military resources in a mod- could be extended to artillery guns, tanks suitable modifications, can also be used for and making same troops available for tasks ern-day war. communication systems, etc. enhancing quality of leadership. ahead in a faster time frame. Overall, it may Secure networking of all premier train- be appropriate to state that use of SEM shall Simulation Based Military Training ing establishments to share knowledge Medical Science Tools: Sports effectively facilitate training and thereby Modern day technology provides the capa- base and impart distant online education, Medicine for Physical Training enhance operational effectiveness. A well bility to simulate the entire range and the including in specialised areas of modern- The developments in medical sciences today analysed and suitably modified version depth of weapon systems and equipment day warfare, as part of an integrated provide a scientific approach in the domain of SEM needs to be adopted by the armed in all the domains of warfare, including approach is an arena that needs to be of physical fitness and prevention of inju- forces under aegis of the Medical Services to cyber and space. Simulation technology exploited. Developing models that facilitate ries. Sports medicine also known as Sports exploit its full potential in consultation with can effectively be employed for individual joint training through a networked system and Exercise Medicine (SEM) has emerged the military trainers. and collective training at all levels of war- incorporating all relevant training estab- as a distinct field of health care. SEM phy- fare: tactical to strategic. Simulation, in lishments would enhance training value. sicians specialise in treatment of athletes Conclusion military training, could be categorised into For example, Army War College could be and other physically active individuals Science and technology are the govern- three types, namely live, constructive and networked with CDM, MCTE, AD College, and have extensive education in musculo- ing concepts of our age, they have enabled virtual. School of Arty, CMM Jabalpur and others skeletal medicine apart from knowledge in weapons capable of destroying man- l In live simulation, trainees use actual as also the appropriate IAF and naval estab- other related medical domains. SEM physi- kind. Modern-day warfare is complex and weapons or equipment in real time and lishments during the war gaming exercises cians also advise on managing and prevent- demands extensive training for optimal space but the effect of these weapons or conducted for the higher command course ing injuries. Given the nature of profession, gains and enhanced effectiveness. In light equipment is simulation using a com- to enhance learning value in addition to physical fitness is a key focus area of military of budgetary limitations, shrinking train- bination of technologies. The Infantry promoting jointness. Similarly in formation training and SEM can play a pivotal in facili- ing areas and the need to preserve modern Weapons Effectiveness Simulation Sys- level training, online integration of appro- tating, enhancing and retaining the desired high technology and expensive weapon tem (IWESS) would be an apt example priate groupings of all logistics agencies, physical standards in defence services per- system and equipment for actual operation in this category wherein the trainees, IW, cyber, air force and naval organisations sonnel for all age profiles. There is adequate it is essential to employ modern training divided into opposing sides, engage each could be examined. scope to promote and adopt the expertise in aids that today’s science and technology other using contraption fitted on actual SEM to not only train athletes but also for provide. Creative and innovative use of rifles and the ‘hits’ are depicted by a sen- Modern Tools for Psychological routine physical training in the all military simulation systems, developments in neu- sor based alarm fitted in the specially Preparation and Leadership establishments conducting pre commis- rosciences and SEM need to be essential designed jackets worn by all the partici- Development sion and recruit training and other physical components for training in all domains and pants. ‘Paint Ball’ technology for depict- The modern-day warfare would be training related establishments. SEM exper- levels of warfare. The subject encompasses ing hits in a similar collective training immensely staining on the mental well tise would assist in prevention of injuries a vast and varied training requirement event would also fall in this category. being of all its participants. The stresses as also early recuperation from physical within each domain of warfare in addition l Constructive simulation entails use or and strains leading to mental fatigue tran- stress and strains which would translate to the integrated and joint training aspects computer generated models to represent scending into some drastic actions having into timely availability of the trainee for the necessitating a comprehensive long-term dynamics of combat wherein effects an adverse impact on outcome of battle following activities. Application of SEM can perspective plan at the highest levels. This of human influence are represented or may be war is a possible reality in the also be well used by units and formations to shall also have to be an iterative process through logical statements termed as future. Operators of lethal weapon systems retain and enhance physical proficiencies as the fast paced advancements in science combat rules. The system represents or devices and commanders in field need of soldiers. In fact in operational areas, it and technology would continue to change dynamic behaviour events occurring in to be mentally balanced at all times and it would be an effective tool to facilitate recov- the nature or warfighting and there by the battle and this provides participants an necessities mental robustness which needs ery from moderate musculoskeletal fatigue training for it. SP opportunity to train in effective employ- to be developed through expert guidance ments of resources in various scenarios and training where modern tools in the and levels of engagements from weapon psychological domain need to be used for on weapon level to formation and the- best results. The psychological prepara- atre level warfare. tion of a soldier, especially in the changed l In virtual simulation the participants social environment from where the human experience the use of actual weapon or resource is drawn, is equally essential as equipment in a lifelike situation despite part of training and needs to be incor- being in a computer generated virtual porated with an enhanced scope. In fact environment. A three-dimensional envi- troops deployed in operational areas as of ronment can be created through use of today also require psychological prepara- head mounted displays and feel of weap- tion as a norm. The advances made in neu- ons or equipment through data input roscience have now expanded it into an devises like the hand-operated sensors interdisciplinary science that collaborates and gloves. with other fields including the allied disci- The option of combining constructive, pline of psychology. It also exerts influence virtual and live simulations in various per- on other fields such as neuroeducation#. mutations and combinations via a networked Today terminologies such as ‘Behavioural system could also be exploited for optimising Neuroscience’ and ‘Neuropsychology’ training that incorporates most or all of the have come into vogue and we need to domains of modern warfare. A combination exploit these developments for psychologi- of simulators for weapons, war gaming soft- cal preparation of men in uniform. Based ware and physical move of troops plus logis- on these developments in these fields there tics could be combined for collective training are online personality evaluation tests that purposes at formation level. In essence, com- have been evolved, for example, a test on bine live training with simulation technolo- website called www.scarf360.com. Such gies for best result. A mock up of large size personality evaluation would facilitate modern village, as obtaining on our western understanding self and others and thereby borders, with live size strictures for training enhance effectiveness of leaders and sol- of troops using virtual simulators to practise diers. A team of experts needs to study the use of weapon systems ranging from small modern tools in this area of science and arms to artillery to tanks and construc- suggest modalities of its incorporation into tive simulation for training of commanders training at all levels. College of Defence could be one example of such a combination Management, Secunderabad, that has the creation of integrated training nodes using expertise in man management related sub- live, constructive and virtual simulation sys- jects and presently not being exploited to its tems for specific theatre of operations would full potential is an ideal establishment for facilitated effective terrain and operation spe- further developing capabilities in this field. cific training at all levels. Training of leaders to face the mod- To a very large extent simulators are ern-day war challenges also demands being used effectively at various military methodical and continuous preparation at training establishments, however these the mental plane which entails acquiring need to be regularly upgraded with high professional military knowledge and psy- end technology and should be available chological preparation to understand and in adequate numbers. It would be ideal if lead troops. The developing field of neuro- specialised simulators, custom built by the leadership which refers to the application original equipment manufacturers (OEM) of findings from neuroscience to the field are part of the procurement deals, for exam- of leadership. Neuroleadership, the term ple, Tata Motors could be asked to provide coined by David Rock, claims to bring neuro high-tech simulators suited to train drivers scientific knowledge into areas of leader- both in peace and warlike conditions in all ship development, management training,

6/2015 SP’s Land Forces 7 >> south asia Resumption of Indo-Pak Talks

The breakthrough in Indo-Pak relations during the ‘Heart of Asia’ conference in Islamabad recently is a welcome step close on the heels of the NSAs of the two countries meeting in Bangkok

photograph: PIB  Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd) thrives on maintaining hostilities with India and Afghanistan. The following adds hairing the Combined Com- substance to this: manders Conference onboard l Immediately post issue of the recent INS Vikramaditya recently, Prime Indo-Pak joint statement in Islamabad, Minister Narendra Modi ‘amongst Abdul Basit made a statement insisting other things’ spoke of India’s dif- there are no terrorist camps in Paki- Cficult neighbourhood replete with challenges stan, echoing what Musharraf had said like terrorism, ceasefire violations, border when he was President, and ruling out transgressions, reckless nuclear build-up any possibility of Pakistani sincerity and threats, etc – a clear reference to Paki- in future talks. Significantly, Basit has stan. The fact is that every time India has again met Hurriyat hardliners accord- tried to reach out to Pakistan, the effort ing to media reports. has been sabotaged through the Inter-Ser- l Musharraf had earlier said, “Even if the vices Intelligence (ISI)-sponsored terrorist Kashmir issue is resolved, jihad against acts, the Pakistani military’s cross-border India will continue”. He showed his actions including breeching the ceasefire, radical side again recently by stating, aiding and abetting infiltration, and even by “Osama bin Laden, Ayman-al-Zhaveri, the polity and diplomats as directed by the Haqqanis are our heroes ….We trained military. With reference to Kashmir, illegal the LeT against India”. So, what should occupation of Pakistan occupied Kashmir one expect from Musharraf’s succes- (POK) is the issue that needs to be discussed sors who adore him and don’t permit with Pakistan. Pakistani cries for plebiscite in the Nawaz Sharif Government to pro- Kashmir are redundant when the 1948 UN ceed against him despite being charged Resolution on Kashmir categorically stated with murder of a Balochi leader Nawab Pakistan must withdraw its security forces Akbar Bugti? from POK before any plebiscite could be A file photograph of Prime Minister Narendra Modi with the l Pakistan has done nothing to curb ter- undertaken. Pakistan killed the issue of pleb- Prime Minister of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif rorist activities of LeT, JuD and their iscite by not only withdrawing her security cohorts. Sartaj Aziz himself gave a state- forces but conversely beefed up her security Foreign Secretaries to work out the modali- tries, the Pakistani Army has a state for ment to BBC saying, “Pakistan should forces in POK, changed the demography of ties and schedule of the meetings under the itself; Pakistan. The Pakistani Army is a not engage in a war with those [insur- POK by moving large population to POK dialogue including peace and security, CBMs, zebra that is unlikely to change its stripes, gents/militants] whose target is not Pak- from other areas, and engineered massacre J&K, Siachen, Sir Creek, Wullar Barrage/Tul- drama of banning JuD and Haqqanis istan.” and exodus of Kashmiri Pundits from the bul Navigation Project, economic and com- notwithstanding. Hence, Pakistan (read l During an international seminar last Kashmir Valley as part of its proxy war. mercial cooperation, counter-terrorism, nar- Pakistani Army that controls Pakistan’s year, a Pakistani politician admitted that Pakistan has not given India most favoured cotics control, humanitarian issues, people foreign policy) will continue to use terror- earlier Punjab politicians in Pakistan nation (MFN) status despite India having to people exchanges and religious tourism. ist organisations as foreign policy tools in were not for opening up with India but given the same to Pakistan in 1996. In fact, India’s earlier focus for the bilateral an effort to destabilise India. It was signifi- now there is total political consensus for Abdul Basit ruled out such possibility in near talks to be centred on terrorism was in cant to note that in a surprise move just opening up connectivity and trade with future while speaking to FICCI in May 2015. accordance with the Ufa agreement while before Nawaz Sharif’s last visit to the US, India. However, the Pakistani military Nevertheless, it is always good to talk and Pakistan wanted dialogue on all issues Lt General Nasser Khan Janjua replaced has put its foot down against it. that is why nations have been talking even including Kashmir. The Indian refusal was Sartaj Aziz as NSA – former being obvious l If the Pakistani military wants, it can while engaged in war with each other. For because Pakistan was showing no inclina- appointee of Army Chief Raheel Sharif. If easily shut down the anti-India infra- that matter Pakistan has been waging proxy tion to bring to book the propagators of the this denoted the shrinking civilian control structure and stop all infiltration into war on us for past three decades plus. 26/11 Mumbai terrorist attacks, and in fact over national security of Pakistan, it was Jammu and Kashmir but on the con- was denying any Pakistani involvement obvious with the body language of Prime trary it is providing covering fire to assist The Thaw under pretext of ‘non-state actors’ despite Minister Sharif when Prime Minister infiltration. The breakthrough in Indo-Pak relations adequate evidence to the contrary. Signifi- Modi met him in Paris on the sidelines of Prime Ministers Modi and Sharif will during the ‘Heart of Asia’ conference in cantly, Zakiur Rehman Lakhvi, one of the the climate change conference indicated likely meet again during the World Eco- Islamabad recently is a welcome step close main perpetrators, continues to be treated that Sharif was under considerable strain. nomic Forum meeting in Davos commenc- on the heels of the National Security Advi- as royalty by the Pakistani administration Spurt of global terror may have put the ing January 20. It likely that talks between sors (NSAs) of the two countries meeting in by accounts in Pakistan’s own media. That spotlight on Pakistan’s generation of ter- the Pakistan and Indian foreign secretaries Bangkok. It may be recalled that Prime Min- Pakistan continues to protect Dawood Ibra- ror, but Sharif heading a weak democracy will take place after the two Prime Minis- ister Modi had invited all heads of SAARC him wanted by India is another issue. Then, held to ransom by the military. According ters meet in Davos. Sushma Swaraj has said nations, including Prime Minsiter Nawaz Mullah Asim Umar, the head of AQIS is also to Jessica Stern in her treatise ‘Pakistan’s Modi’s administration intended to have an Sharif, for swearing-in of his government in a Pakistani national and obviously sheltered Jihad Culture’ published by Council on “uninterrupted” dialogue process with Pak- May 2014. NSA Ajit Doval had occasion to in Pakistan. However, now that Pakistan Foreign Relations (CFR), Pakistani officials istan despite provocation from “saboteurs”. meet his Pakistani counterpart N.K. Janjua has assured expediting early conclusion admit albeit unofficially that Pakistan is But in the ultimate analysis, the success in Bangkok on December 6 last year and the of the 26/11 Mumbai terror attack trial, infiltrating terrorists into India. of the Comprehensive Bilateral Dialogue two discussed terrorism and more. Pakistan’s Prime Minister Modi has taken the initiative depends upon how much the Pakistani change of stance perhaps is also because of to resume the bilateral dialogue. Future Portends military permits it to succeed. Pakistan’s General Raheel Sharif’s recent visit to the US Post the Peshawar massacre, Pakistani former Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar where he was told to clamp down on all ter- Pakistani Military Factor scholar Ayesha Siddiqa wrote, “There may recently stated that the military still plays a rorist organisations. External Affairs Minis- It is said that while armies have coun- be an internal division within the armed bloated role in Pakistan’s politics, claiming ter Sushma Swaraj then proceeded to Islam- forces regarding what is considered a big- the Prime Minister has “much less freedom abad to attend the ‘Heart of Asia’ conference, ger threat — the internal or external — than he ought to have.” There is also the where she called on Prime Minister Nawaz In the ultimate analysis, but there is almost a consensus on India question of how much pressure the Obama Sharif and held discussions with Sartaj Aziz, the success of the being the key enemy...the basic mindset Administration is prepared to put on the Advisor to the Pakistani Prime Minister on that drives violent extremism is likely to Pakistani military, odd statements by US Foreign Affairs. A Joint Indo-Pakistan state- Comprehensive Bilateral continue and even thrive”. No one knows lawmakers notwithstanding. ment issued subsequently highlighted: one, the Pakistani military and polity better Will the US go by what Ashley Tellis both countries condemned terrorism and Dialogue depends upon that Ayesha Siddiqa who also authored the described as India becoming a sponge for resolved to cooperate in eliminating it; two, book Military Inc: Inside Pakistan’s Military terror “protects us all” or will it go accord- post meeting in Bangkok, the two NSAs to how much the Pakistani Economy in 2007, wherein she exposed ing to the subsequent advice by the same address all issues connected to terrorism; the $20.7 billion Pakistani Army’s private scholar saying, “The only reasonable objec- three, Pakistan assured India of expediting military permits it to business-cum-corporate empire, which tive for the US is the permanent evisceration early conclusion of the 26/11 Mumbai terror would have grown exponentially in the last of LeT and other vicious South Asian ter- attack trial, and; four, agreement to a Com- succeed eight years. So, there is little chance about rorist groups with Pakistani cooperation if

SP www.spslandforces.com prehensive Bilateral Dialogue, directing the the military giving up that empire, which possible, but without it if necessary.”

8 SP’s Land Forces 6/2015 marketing feature >> NATO Calibre Opens New Export Opportunities for msta-s Russia will undoubtedly strengthen its positions in the artillery sector of the world arms market by starting promoting its new 155-mm 2S19M1-155 Msta-S self-propelled howitzer. Specialists in the Rosoboronexport arms trade company believe that deep upgrading and conversion to NATO calibre will greatly increase customer interest in one of the most advanced artillery systems.

he new self-propelled how- This is why Russia has lost some positions to 40 km. Provision is made for firing with the Indian Army. itzer is a profound upgrade of in this market segment. The introduction the Russian laser-guided projectiles Kras- It surpasses its main competitors by the 152-mm 2S19 Msta-S how- of the new 155-mm Msta-S must rectify nopol-M2. The automatic projectile and rate of fire and cruising endurance, and itzer in service with the Russian such incongruity. semi-automatic propellant charge loading at the same time it has smaller size and Army since 1989, which showed The new Msta-S has an upgraded tar- systems facilitate crew work and provide weight. In addition, the Russian howitzer Titself to best advantage in two military geting and fire control system comprising high rate of fire (up to 6-8 rds/min) at all can be loaded and fired in the all-round campaigns in the Northern Caucasus. It ballistic computer, topographic survey aiming angles. It means that a battery of (360 ) sector in relation to the vehicle has established a good reputation for high and orientation system and satellite navi- eight howitzers can bring down up to three centerline. manoeuvrability and fire accuracy. How- gation equipment, designed to provide tonnes of projectiles in one minute upon a Experts note that the new Msta-S meets ever, despite impressive technical charac- automatic targeting and data storage for target. When firing at a maximum range, all modern requirements and at the same teristics and combat capabilities, the 152- at least 10 fire missions. up to 70 projectiles will be up in the air time surpasses the best world prototypes by mm Msta-S failed to gain popularity in the The new howitzer can engage targets simultaneously before the first projectile a number of characteristics. world arms market. Few countries only from closed firing positions, including with hits the target. It is worthy of mentioning that some have procured small batches of this self- unaimed fire when there are no visible aim- The ammunition allowance is carried in customers, for instance India, may find it propelled howitzer. ing points, and conduct direct fire by day the turret and includes 42 155-mm rounds especially important that the Msta-S chas- Experts are unanimous in noting that and night and in mountains at elevation for the howitzer and 300 12.7-mm car- sis is very much unified with the chassis of this strange gap in Msta-S exports has angles ranging from - 4 to +70 . tridges for the anti-aircraft machine gun. the T-90S main battle tank (which is being been caused by a massive transition from It fires the 155-mm HE M1A4 and HE At present the new 155-mm Msta-S successfully manufactured in that country the 152-mm Soviet calibre to 155-mm BB M1A4 NATO-standard high-explosive howitzer is taking part in the important ten- under licence). Thus it facilitates mainte- NATO standard started in the early 1990s. fragmentation rounds at the range of up der for supplying self-propelled howitzers to nance, repairs and spares delivery. SP

6/2015 SP’s Land Forces 9 >> remembrance Lt General J.F.R. Jacob – A Legend Laid to Rest

photographs: indian army  Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd) surrender after World War II, even despite USS Enterprise sabre rattling in the Bay of Bengal ith the mortal remains of and the Nixon-Kissinger duo fuming. Speaking Lt General Jacob Farj Rafael Jacob to a journalist much later General Jacob said, having been laid to rest, a legend- “Tactics may win battles but it is strategy that ry General and a national hero, wins wars. Aim has to be very clear. And my has transcended from history aim was to win Dhaka.” The Indian campaign Winto eternal history. Born in Calcutta’s Baghdadi was planned for execution in three weeks, but community in 1923, General Jacob as Chief of was executed in under a fortnight. On Decem- Staff of played a crucial role ber 16, 1971, General Jacob flew to Dhaka to in the liberation of Bangladesh and securing the get Pakistan Army’s Lt General A.A.K. Niazi to surrender of 93,000 Pakistani military during agree to surrender, which latter had little choice the Indo-Pak War of 1971. He had fought in but accept – a rare feat by General Jacob. Dhaka World War II as well as the Indo-Pak War in fell, despite 26,400 Pakistani soldiers in the city 1965. He commanded Eastern Command and and only 3,000 Indian soldiers in the immedi- also served as Governor of Goa and Punjab. As ate area. In the words of General Jacob, “It was a young officer he served in Iraq, North Africa, a total victory over a formidable, well-trained Burma Campaign and Sumatra. He commanded army. Had Pakistan fought on, it would have an Infantry Division during 1965. been difficult for us. We expected higher casual- On his appointment as Chief of Staff Eastern ties.” Photos of Lt General A.A.K. Niazi signing Command, he dealt dexterously insurgencies the instrument of surrender seated next to Lt in Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram in addi- General Jagjit Singh Arora, Army Commander Lt General A.A.K. Niazi signing the Instrument of Surrender under the gaze of Lt General J.S. tion to giving a crushing blow to the Naxalites. Aurora. Standing behind (L-R) Vice Admiral Krishnan, Air Marshal Dewan, Lt General Sagat Eastern Command adorn military establish- With horrendous genocide unleashed in East Singh, Lt General J.F.R. Jacob (with Flt Lt Krishnamurthy peering over his shoulder). ments across India. Pakistan by Lt General Tikka Khan (Butcher of It is well known that Prime Minister Bangladesh) under ‘Op Searchlight’ in March wanted the Indian Army to go 1971 (5,00,000 to three million people esti- in earlier but Army Chief General (later Field mated massacred, thousands of rapes and other Marshal) S.H.F.J. Manekshaw sought time till atrocities), over 10 million refugees had flooded adequate ammunition and equipping could into India. At a time capture of even provinces be provisioned. A study of the campaign by of Chittagong and Khulna looked difficult, leave the National Defence College of Pakistan gave aside entire East Pakistan, and possibility of major credit to General Jacob for meticulous Chinese intervention in the event of any Indian preparation and excellent implementation action could not be ruled out, General Jacob was by the Corps Commanders. An article in The resolute in his belief that a “war of movement” Times of Israel in August 2012, said, “Jack to include capture of Dhaka could achieve vic- Farj Rafael Jacob, wildly accomplished and tory; Dhaka as the capital and geopolitical cen- widely respected, is best known for his decisive tre of the region and the “war of movement” role in the 1971 Bangladesh war. Indians and bypassing intermediary towns altogether since historians generally agree that his courage, enemy would have fortified the intermediary strategic thinking and chutzpa changed the towns and cities – neutralising enemy’s com- course of South Asian history.” Undoubtedly mand and communication infrastructure. a great son of India, Lt General J.F.R. Jacob’s This very strategy was eventually accepted, name will forever remain etched in gold in the worked beautifully and resulted in the biggest AD gunners in action during the war annals of the history of India. SP

>> Sp’s Exclusives

Army For New 30mm Ammunition For Strut, Hydraulic Actuation System with Sensors, Wheel programme. The Pathankot attack has also drawn renewed Infantry Vehicles & Brake and Nose Wheel Steering System and Mechanical focus on airborne thermal/night vision sensors, periph- In what could be one of the largest recent stock procure- Linkages. Interested development partners need to have eral wall sensors and other electro-optical equipment of ments of new generation ammunition, the Army has pub- expertise and wide experience in the area of high precision a newer generation to shorten the sensor-shooter loop at lished fresh interest. As part of a drive to beef up its mech- manufacturing of systems and components for aerospace sensitive establishments on the terror radar. anised forces and infantry, the Indian Army is planning to application and operate full-fledged manufacturing facilities undertake procurement of new generation ammunition to from medium precision to high precision to cater for manu- No Movement On Army’s Hand-launched UAS Push replace the existing ammunition being fired by 30mm can- facture of landing gear systems and components. In addition A routine procurement is now an emergent situation for non gun fitted on BMP-2/2K. The ammunition is required to this, firm must have experience to carry out assembly and the Indian Army’s Northern Command, with zero move- for all the BMP-2/2Ks held with Indian Army (approximately limited testing. The DRDO has faced several delays in putting ment over three years in the effort to procure up to 50 2,900 vehicles). With a view to identify probable vendors the more capable Rustom-II into the air despite assurances hand-launched tactical surveillance drones. The Indian who can manufacture the said ammunition in India, the to the IAF and Army that demonstrations would take place Army has been looking for 49 man-portable hand launched OEMs/vendors have been requested to rapidly forward infor- in 2015. In all likelihood, the first flight of the Rustom-II will unmanned air systems specifically designed for tactical mation on the product which they can offer. The ammuni- take place in mid-2016 from an airstrip near Bengaluru. surveillance in the border areas of Jammu & Kashmir. The tion is intended to be fired from the existing 30mm cannon Army’s Udhampur-based Northern Command had floated gun (2A42) mounted on BMP-2/2K being employed in var- Terror Spurt Revives Infantry a tender specifying the need for a system that is capable ied climatic and terrain conditions varying from extreme Modernisation Push of over-the-hill reconnaissance and imagery surveillance hot and dusty desert conditions to extremely cold high The atmosphere of terror threats in the shadow of the aimed at tracking movement of terrorists or infiltrators, altitude regions. The Army specifically is concerned over Pathankot attack and continued threats along the LoC — incursions, human movements and to battlefield intel- whether new ammunition types will involve any increase including intermittent ceasefire violations — has height- ligence. The Indian Army currently operates a small fleet in the overall weight of BMP-2/2K due to the ammunition ened awareness of slow progress in infantry modernisa- of Searcher Mk.2 drones of Israeli origin, but requires being offered replacing the existing ammunition, types of tion in the country. The Army’s Infantry Directorate has unmanned systems deployable at the platoon and company ammunition being offered, i.e. AP, APFSDS, HE, Incendiary, called for a meeting to speed up the erstwhile F-INSAS level for tactical unit-level operations. In 2009, the Indian Proximity, Plastic or Practice, etc. Unless absolutely neces- programme to provide infantry units with more integrated Army got a taste of such systems at Babina during Exercise sary, the Army would like to totally avoid any changes in the battlefield equipment. Tensions on the LoC have seen the Yudh Abhyas with the US Army, when the Raven UAS was existing sighting system on its BMPs. use of hand-held thermal imagers and other equipment, deployed. The Indian Army has also got a chance to see but the Infantry Directorate of the view that far greater indigenous hand-launched platforms like the NAL SlyBird Stealthy Push For Non-Stealth Drones At DRDO pace of modernisation is desirable towards a much more and ADE Imperial Eagle, both of which are still currently January 11, 2016: With DRDO’s Rustom-II MALE UAV still prepared soldier deployed in the forward areas. According in development. With the halting of the Nishant drone pro- to take to the air, work is currently gathering pace to provide to sources, apart from primary weapon and survivability gramme, the Army is especially keen to test fresh tactical the platform with greater low-observability features. “The modernisation, the Infantry Directorate is keen to shore platforms of Indian origin and build. SP main function of the landing gear is safe take-off and land- up situational awareness and night-fighting equipment ing of UAV under various environmental and operational augmentation for soldiers, starting with those in Rashtriya —SP’s Special Correspondent scenarios with the support of external pilot. A tricycle type Rifles and Special Forces units, and then to other regular retractable landing gear system with a steerable nose wheel infantry units. The coming weeks are likely to see a slew For complete versions log on to: consists of major subsystems, viz., Hydrogas Shock Absorber of fresh expressions of interest pertaining to the F-INSAS www.spslandforces.com www.spslandforces.com

10 SP’s Land Forces 6/2015 news in brief >>

New Saudi-led military alliance safety and improved reliability when it mat- reported the Wall Street Journal. The M113 formed to combat terrorism in ters most.” is a military-tracked vehicle designed to Publisher and Editor-in-Chief Middle East The PAC-3 missile is a high-velocity transport 12 soldiers and a driver. It can also Jayant Baranwal Saudi Arabia has formed a military alliance interceptor, designed to defend against conduct amphibious operations, extended Editor to combat terrorism in Iraq, Syria, Libya, incoming threats posed by tactical ballistic cross-country travel over rough terrain, and Lt General V.K. Kapoor (Retd) Egypt and Afghanistan. The coalition will missiles, cruise missiles and aircrafts. PAC-3 perform high-speed operations on improved comprise 34 countries including Arab, Mid- Senior Editorial Contributor is presently used by six nations, which roads and highways. More than 80,000 Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd) dle Eastern, Asian and African countries includes the US, the Netherlands, Germany, M113 vehicles are currently being used by such as Egypt, Turkey, Qatar, the United Japan, United Arab Emirates and Taiwan as at least 44 countries worldwide. Senior Technical Group Editor Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) Arab Emirates (UAE), Pakistan, Malaysia well as South Korea, Qatar and Saudi Ara- Air Marshal B.K. Pandey (Retd) and Nigeria. Islamic Military Alliance Sec- bia. Lockheed Martin is also under contract Construction Commences for retary General Ihsan bin Saleh Tayib said with Kuwait. Last year, the Defense Security India’s National Defence University Assistant Group Editor R. Chandrakanth that this new alliance aims to fight terrorism Cooperation Agency announced the pos- The Ministry of Defence had acquired through all ways, means and mechanisms, sible sale of PAC-3 missiles to Saudi Arabia, 80-hectare of land in September 2012 in Contributors confirms the keenness to fight in every place which was valued at $1.75 billion. The US Gurgaon for setting up of world class Indian India General V.P. Malik (Retd), Lt General Vijay and time. Terrorism is a serious phenomenon Government gave its approval for the sale National Defence University (INDU), the first Oberoi (Retd), Lt General R.S. Nagra (Retd), that has swept all over the world, and it is nec- of PAC-3 missiles worth up to $1.41 billion of its kind in India. The foundation stone of Lt General S.R.R. Aiyengar (Retd), essary to address it with the cooperation of with South Korea in November 2014. the university was laid in May 2013. How- Major General Ashok Mehta (Retd), all countries. However, Saudi’s neighbouring ever, to meet the aspirations and need of the Major General G.K. Nischol (Retd), Islamic nations such as Iran, Syria and Iraq Airbus Helicopters delivers H145M villagers of Binola and Bilaspur of having Gurmeet Kanwal (Retd), were excluded from the alliance. The US and helicopters to German Armed Forces access from their fields to National High- Brigadier S. Mishra (Retd), Rohit Sharma the UK have welcomed the announcement way-8, Ministry of Defence transferred one Chairman & Managing Director of the anti-terrorism alliance. US Defense hectare of land to Government of Haryana Jayant Baranwal Secretary Ashton Carter was quoted by Al in August this year to be used by the villagers Executive Vice President Jazeera as saying: “In general, it appears it is as village track. (Planning & Business Development) very much in line with something we’ve been With all revenue related issues resolved, Rohit Goel urging for quite some time, which is greater infrastructure development at the univer- Administration involvement in the campaign to combat ISIS sity finally commenced with the Bhoomi Bharti Sharma by Sunni Arab countries.” Pujan ceremony held at INDU site recently. Creative Director Air Marshal A.S. Bhonsle of the Integrated Anoop Kamath Lockheed to supply PAC-3 missiles Defence Staff was the Chief Guest on the Design to US army occasion who laid the first brick for the Vimlesh Kumar Yadav, Sonu Singh Bisht Airbus Helicopters announced the deliv- construction of boundary wall, perimeter Research Assistant: Graphics ery of two lightweight military multi-role road, guard room and watch towers. The Survi Massey H145M helicopters (LUH SOF) to the Ger- ceremony was attended by officials from Sales & Marketing man Armed Forces (Bundeswehr). The heli- the Ministry of Defence, Directorate of Director Sales & Marketing: Neetu Dhulia copters are the first two amongst 15 units INDU, Chief Engineer, Delhi Zone, Revenue General Manager Sales: Rajeev Chugh ordered by the German Armed Forces and Department of Gurgaon, Police and villag- SP’s Website are expected to be used by the Kommando ers from Binola and Bilaspur. Sr. Web Developer: Shailendra P. Ashish Spezialkräfte (KSK), the German Army’s Air Marshal Bhonsle, while interacting Web Developer: Ugrashen Vishwakarma Special Forces, in Laupheim. The H145M with the villagers, stated that it is matter Published bimonthly by Jayant Baranwal is the military version of the civil H145 air- of pride for Manesar Tehsil in general and on behalf of SP Guide Publications Pvt craft, which has a maximum take-off weight Binola and Bilaspur in particular to have a Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this Lockheed Martin has won a $1.09 bil- of 3.7 tonnes. The H145M been designed for prestigious world-class institution in their publication may be reproduced, stored in a lion contract to build PAC-3 missiles for day and night missions, which will allow the area, which in the years to come will result retrieval system, or transmitted in any form the US Army and its allied military forces, army to use it for a wide range of military in rapid growth in the neighbourhood and or by any means, photocopying, recording, including the South Korean Army, Qatar operations including utility, reconnaissance, also provide job opportunities to the youth. electronic, or otherwise without the prior and Saudi Arabian Army. The PAC-3 mis- search and rescue, armed scout, and medi- written permission of the publishers. siles will be used in the Raytheon-built cal evacuation.The Bundeswehr H145M Acquisition of Bullet proof Jackets Printed in India Patriot missile defense system. The contract also features a fast roping system for troops, for Indian Army by Kala Jyothi Process Pvt Ltd includes delivery of Patriot advanced capa- cargo hooks, hoists, a pintle-mounted door The procurement of bullet proof jackets © SP Guide Publications, 2015 bility-3 (PAC-3) missiles, and PAC-3 missile gun, ballistic protection, and an electronic for the authorised quantity as per Annual Subscription/ Circulation segment enhancement (MSE) missiles to the countermeasures system. Provisioning Review is an ongoing process. Annual Inland: `600 • Overseas: US$180 Email: [email protected] US Army. The US allies Saudi Arabia, South The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) had [email protected] Korea and Qatar will get PAC-3 interceptors, US to supply 114, M113A2 armoured accorded acceptance of necessity (AoN) launcher modification kits, and associated personnel carriers to Philippines to procure 1,86,138 bullet proof jackets. Letters to Editor [email protected] equipment and spares. Request for proposal (RFP) in this case has Lockheed Martin Vice President Scott been retracted due to failure of samples For Advertising Details, Contact: Arnold said: “Our PAC-3 and PAC-3 MSE given by vendors in trials. However, one [email protected] [email protected] interceptors are the most trusted and time relaxation in existing financial pow- capable terminal air defence missiles in ers of Vice Chief of Army Staff (VCOAS) SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD the world, and we’re proud to support our has been given to procure 50,000 bullet Corporate Office A 133 Nagar, Opp Defence Colony, customers as they protect soldiers, citizens proof jackets through revenue route. Fur- New Delhi 110003, India and infrastructure from adversary threats. ther, Commands have been given approval Tel: +91(11) 24644693, 24644763, All Lockheed Martin-built missile defence to procure minimum inescapable quan- 24620130 interceptors utilise advanced hit-to-kill tech- tity of bullet proof jackets through Army Fax: +91 (11) 24647093 nology enabling better accuracy, enhanced Commanders Special Powers Fund to meet Regd Office The US Government has resolved to deliver urgent operational requirements. The bullet Fax: +91 (11) 23622942 114, M113A2 armoured personnel car- proof jackets are procured based on General Email: [email protected] >> Show Calendar riers (APC) to the Philippines. The alloca- Staff Qualitative Requirements (GSQRs) Representative Offices tion will be executed as part of the Excess which are reviewed from time to time based Bengaluru, INDIA 23–25 February, 2016 Defense Article Programme, which recom- on the requirement of the armed forces. Air Marshal B.K. Pandey (Retd) Defence Logistics mends the surplus defence equipment be This information was given by the Min- 204, Jal Vayu Vihar, Kalyan Nagar, London Marriott Hotel Kensington, reassigned to foreign governments or inter- ister of Defence Manohar Parrikar in a Bengaluru 560043, India. Tel: +91 (80) 23682204 London, UK national organisations at a reduced price, written reply to Majeed Memon in Rajya www.defencelogisticsevent.com or as a grant. The US delivered 77 units of Sabha recently. SP MOSCOW, RUSSIA M113A2 APC to help modernise the Armed LAGUK Co., Ltd, Yuri Laskin Krasnokholmskaya, Nab., 29 February–2 March, 2016 Forces of the Philippines (AFP). The country Military Radar Summit 2016 11/15, app. 132, Moscow 115172, Russia. paid around $1.4 million for the shipment Sheraton Pentagon City, Arlington, APPOINtMENTs Tel: +7 (495) 911 2762, Virginia, USA of the APCs, reported DefenseNews. Philip- Fax: +7 (495) 912 1260 pine Army spokesman Benjamin militaryradarsummit.com  Lt General M.M.S. Rai, www.spguidepublications.com Hao was quoted by Associated Press as say- GOC-in-C Eastern Army www.spslandforces.com ing: “These will definitely help us improve 15–17 March, 2016 Command, took over as RNI Number: DELENG/2008/25818 Integrated Air & Missile Defence our survivability, protection of our troops.” the Vice Chief of the Army London, UK The AFP is due to receive 37 units on Staff on August 1, 2015. www.airmissiledefenceevent.com December 14, 2015, with the remaining units expected to be delivered by the end  Lt General Bipin Rawat, 28–31 March 2016 of this month. The Philippines recently AVSM, YSM, SM, VSM, Defexpo India 2016 received 28 M113A2 vehicles from Israel. Naqueri Quitol in Quepem Taluka of took over as the GOC-in-C The country is set to receive used military South Goa, India of Southern Army Com- equipment from both Korea and Austra- https://defexpoindia.in mand on January 1, 2016. lia, with Japan contemplating the request,

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