DOCSLIB.ORG

Public Health Response to a Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Public Health Response to a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Notes from the Field Public Health Response to a Human outbreak. A World Health Organization (WHO) standardized Immunodeficiency Virus Outbreak Associated injection practices assessment tool (6) was used to interview with Unsafe Injection Practices — Roka licensed health care workers, including physicians, nurses, and Commune, Cambodia, 2016 laboratory technicians, and observe all injections administered. Ugonna C. Ijeoma, MD1,2; Sin Sansam, MD3; Sok Srun, MD3; Hoy Injection technique was evaluated using a standardized check- Vannara, MD3; Sou Sanith, MD3; Tek Sopheap, MD3; Robert D. list. The interview questions ascertained knowledge, attitudes, Newman, MD2; Renuka Gadde, MBA4; Selenic Dejana, MD2; Ahmed and practices regarding injection use and safety. Frequencies 2 2 2 Saadani Hassani, MD ; Vanthy Ly, MD ; Bakary Drammeh, DrPH ; were calculated, and, given the limited sample size, exact 95% Anindya De, PhD2; Johnita Byrd, MS2; Naomi Bock, MD2 confidence intervals were estimated using statistical software. Cambodians receive 0.8–5.9 therapeutic injections per A total of 115 injection events were observed, and 39 health person per year, one of the highest reported rates worldwide care workers were interviewed (Table); 99% of injections were (1,2). Appropriate medical injections and infusions can be administered with needles and syringes taken from unopened, health sustaining or lifesaving; however, improper adminis- sterile packs. However, patient identification was not con- tration can have detrimental health consequences, including firmed before injection in 54% of events, hand hygiene pro- infectious disease transmission (3). In 2000, it was estimated cedures did not precede injection in 79% of events, and a new that worldwide, unsafe injection and waste disposal practices cotton swab was used in only 36% of events. Observation of account for 260,000 new human immunodeficiency virus safety practices demonstrated that 63% of health care workers (HIV) infections annually (3). recapped needles after use; 51% were recapped with two hands. A case-control study conducted as part of an investigation Less than half (48%) of sharps containers were appropriately of an outbreak of 242 new cases of HIV infection among resi- placed within arm’s length of health care worker; however, dents of Roka Commune, Battambang Province, Cambodia, most needles (83%) were still placed in a sharps container from December 2014 through February 2015, (4) identified immediately after use. All 39 interviewed health care workers unsafe medical injection practices by an unlicensed health care knew that HIV could be transmitted through unsafe injection practitioner as the likely source of the outbreak, highlighting practices, but fewer were aware of the potential for transmis- the potential for unsafe therapeutic injection practices to con- sion of hepatitis B virus (79%) and hepatitis C virus (62%) tribute to HIV transmission in Cambodia. After this outbreak, through this route. Finally, 28% of health care workers reported the government of Cambodia implemented new regulations ever experiencing a needle stick injury, and 49% reported ever to prohibit unlicensed medical practices (5). Although the receiving formal injection safety training. outbreak was associated with the unregulated health sector, it Although this study found little reuse of injection equipment prompted an assessment of injection safety practices among and high knowledge of the risks of unsafe injection practices licensed health care workers in Cambodia, given the high public related to HIV transmission, none of the observed injections demand for medical injections. To identify potential gaps in safe fully adhered to WHO standards of practice, thus potentially injection practices, the Cambodia Ministry of Health (MOH) compromising both patient and health care worker safety. To partnered with CDC and the medical technology company address these gaps, an intensive training curriculum on safe Becton Dickinson (Franklin Lakes, New Jersey) to conduct a injection practices for health care workers is being developed rapid assessment of injection practices at public health facilities. by Becton Dickinson with technical support from CDC. After From September 26–29, 2016, a team of medical officers review and approval by the Cambodia MOH, expert master from CDC and a clinical team from Becton Dickinson with trainers will administer this training in the same health care expertise in infection control assisted the Cambodia MOH facilities where the baseline assessment was conducted. The in implementation of the rapid assessment. A cross-sectional impact of the training on the improvement of injection and study* was conducted among the 15 main government health phlebotomy practices will be measured with a follow-up assess- care facilities in Battambang and Pursat provinces, which are ment in the same facilities where the baseline assessment was among the provinces with the highest medical injection rates conducted. Health assessment findings are also contributing (1) and are in close proximity to the site of the 2014–2015 HIV to the revision of current policies, information education and communication resources, and the development of job aids on * This study was conducted with the approval of the Cambodia National Ethics safe injection practices. Committee for Health Research. US Department of Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention MMWR / February 2, 2018 / Vol. 67 / No. 4 135 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report TABLE. Assessment of safe injection knowledge, attitudes, and Conflict of Interest practices among health care workers — Battambang and Pursat provinces, Cambodia, 2016 No conflicts of interest were reported. Assessment component (No. assessed) No. % (95% CI) 1Epidemic Intelligence Service CDC; 2HIV Prevention Branch, Division of 3 Observation of injection administration (115) Global Health and TB, CDC; Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; 4Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey. Procedures affecting patient safety Sterile needle/syringe used for injection (112) 111 99 (95–100) Corresponding author: Ugonna Ijeoma, [email protected], 404-639-5386. Patient identification not confirmed before injection 61 54 (44–63) (113) References Hand hygiene not performed before injection 91 79 (71–86) administration (115) 1. National Institute of Statistics; Directorate General for Health; ICF Macro. Injection site cleaned with a newly moistened cotton 40 36 (27–46) Cambodia demographic and health survey 2010. Phnom Penh, Cambodia: swab (110) National Institute of Statistics, Directorate General for Health; Calverton, Procedures affecting health care worker safety MD: ICF Macro; 2011. https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR249/ Needle recapped after use (104) 65 63 (52–72) FR249.pdf Recapped with two hands (65) 33 51 (38–63) 2. National Institute of Statistics; Directorate General for Health; ICF Sharps container placed within arm’s reach of health 51 48 (38–58) International. Cambodia demographic and health survey 2014. Phnom care worker (106) Penh, Cambodia: National Institute of Statistics, Directorate General for Needle disposed of in sharps container immediately 91 83 (75–90) Health; Rockville, MD: ICF International; 2015. https://dhsprogram. after use (109) com/pubs/pdf/FR312/FR312.pdf Health care worker interviews (39) 3. Hauri AM, Armstrong GL, Hutin YJ. The global burden of disease Aware of disease transmission via unsafe injections attributable to contaminated injections given in health care settings. Int J Human immunodeficiency virus 39 100 (91–100) STD AIDS 2004;15:7–16. https://doi.org/10.1258/095646204322637182 Hepatitis B 31 79 (64–91) 4. Vun MC, Galang RR, Fujita M, et al.; Roka Cluster Investigation Team. Hepatitis C 24 62 (45–77) Cluster of HIV infections attributed to unsafe injection practices— Ever experienced needle-stick injury 11 28 (15–45) Cambodia, December 1, 2014–February 28, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Received formal training on injection safety practices 19 49 (32–65) Wkly Rep 2016;65:142–5. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6506a2 Abbreviation: CI = confidence interval. 5. Saphonn V, Fujita M, Samreth S, et al. Cluster of HIV infections associated with unsafe injection practices in a rural village in Cambodia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017;75:e82–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/ Acknowledgments QAI.0000000000001295 6. World Health Organization. Revised injection safety assessment tool (tool Cambodia Provincial Health Departments, Battambang and c-revised). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2008. http:// Pursat; Becton Dickinson team, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey and www.who.int/infection-prevention/tools/injections/ToolC-revised.pdf Sandy, Utah; Trista Bingham, Michelle Chevalier, Gaston Djomand, Fatima Mili, Larisa Ozeryansky, Becton Dickinson Global Fellows. 136 MMWR / February 2, 2018 / Vol. 67 / No. 4 US Department of Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cover English.Ai
    Municipality and Province Investment Information 2013 Cambodia Municipality and Province Investment Information 2013 Council for the Development of Cambodia MAP OF CAMBODIA Note: While every reasonable effort has been made to ensure that the information in this publication is accurate, Japan International Cooperation Agency does not accept any legal responsibility for the fortuitous loss or damages or consequences caused by any error in description of this publication, or accompanying with the distribution, contents or use of this publication. All rights are reserved to Japan International Cooperation Agency. The material in this publication is copyrighted. CONTENTS MAP OF CAMBODIA CONTENTS 1. Banteay Meanchey Province ......................................................................................................... 1 2. Battambang Province .................................................................................................................... 7 3. Kampong Cham Province ........................................................................................................... 13 4. Kampong Chhnang Province ..................................................................................................... 19 5. Kampong Speu Province ............................................................................................................. 25 6. Kampong Thom Province ........................................................................................................... 31 7. Kampot Province ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Index Map 1-2. Provinces and Districts in Cambodia
    Index Map 1-2. Provinces and Districts in Cambodia Code of Province / Municipality and District 01 BANTEAY MEANCHEY 08 KANDAL 16 RATANAK KIRI 1608 0102 Mongkol Borei 0801 Kandal Stueng 1601 Andoung Meas 2204 0103 Phnum Srok 0802 Kien Svay 1602 Krong Ban Lung 1903 0104 Preah Netr Preah 0803 Khsach Kandal 1603 Bar Kaev 2202 2205 1303 2201 0105 Ou Chrov 0804 Kaoh Thum 1604 Koun Mom 1609 0106 Krong Serei Saophoan 0805 Leuk Daek 1605 Lumphat 0107 2203 0107 Thma Puok 0806 Lvea Aem 1606 Ou Chum 0108 Svay Chek 0807 Mukh Kampul 1607 Ou Ya Dav 1302 1601 0109 Malai 0808 Angk Snuol 1608 Ta Veaeng 1307 0110 Krong Paoy Paet 0809 Ponhea Lueu 1609 Veun Sai 0103 1714 1606 0108 1712 0810 S'ang 1304 1904 02 BATTAMBANG 0811 Krong Ta Khmau 17 SIEM REAP 1308 0201 Banan 1701 Angkor Chum 1701 1602 1603 1713 1905 0202 Thma Koul 09 KOH KONG 1702 Angkor Thum 0110 0105 1901 0203 Krong Battambang 0901 Botum Sakor 1703 Banteay Srei 0106 0104 1706 1702 1703 1301 1607 0204 Bavel 0902 Kiri Sakor 1704 Chi Kraeng 0109 1604 0205 Aek Phnum 0903 Kaoh Kong 1706 Kralanh 0102 1707 1306 1605 0206 Moung Ruessei 0904 Krong Khemarak Phoumin 1707 Puok 0210 0207 Rotonak Mondol 0905 Mondol Seima 1709 Prasat Bakong 1710 1305 0208 Sangkae 0906 Srae Ambel 1710 Krong Siem Reab 0211 1709 0209 Samlout 0907 Thma Bang 1711 Soutr Nikom 0202 0205 0204 1711 1902 0210 Sampov Lun 1712 Srei Snam 1704 0211 Phnom Proek 10 KRATIE 1713 Svay Leu 0212 0203 0212 Kamrieng 1001 Chhloung 1714 Varin 0213 Koas Krala 1002 Krong Kracheh 0208 0604 0606 1102 0214 Rukhak Kiri 1003 Preaek Prasab 18 PREAH SIHANOUK
    [Show full text]
  • Royal Government of Cambodia Department of Pollution Control Ministry of Environment
    Royal Government of Cambodia Department of Pollution Control Ministry of Environment Project titled: Training Courses on the Environmentally Sound Management of Electrical and Electronic Wastes in Cambodia Final Report Submitted to The Secretariat of the Basel Convention August-2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF APPENDICES.......................................................................................3 LIST OF ACRONYMS.........................................................................................4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.....................................................................................5 REPORT OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES.................................................................6 I. Institutional Arrangement.......................................................................6 II. Project Achievement...........................................................................6 REPORT OF THE TRAINING COURSES..........................................................8 I- Introduction............................................................................................8 II Opening of the Training Courses...........................................................9 III. Training Courses Presentation...........................................................10 IV. Training Courses Conclusions and Recommendations.....................12 V. National Follow-Up Activities..............................................................13 2 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A: Programme of the Training Course Appendix B: List
    [Show full text]
  • Grave Violations of Human Rights on Cambodia
    GRAVE VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS ON CAMBODIA NATIONAL RESCUE PARTY Torture and Death- the case of Tith Rorn 38-year-old Tith Rorn died on 18 April in Kompong Cham prison after his arrest on 15 April. https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national-politics/officials- respond-kampong-cham-prison-death According to Eam Tieat, Tith Rorn’s father, 3 commune police officers came to his home on 15 April and took Tith Rorn away without an arrest warrant. In the evening of 18 April, a neighbor came to inform the father that his son had died in prison. He should go to the provincial prison to fetch the body. In the morning of 19 April, the father went to the prison and found his son’s body. He was allowed to bring the body home for proper funeral arrangements. The authorities covered the cost of the ambulance and part of the funeral arrangements. Police told him that his son had epileptic seizures three or four times a day when in detention. He categorically rejected it as his son had no history of epilepsy. On 30 April the father made an appeal, recoded on video , to Prof. Rhona Smith - the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights to bring justice to his son. The video is widely circulated on Facebook. A video of the body when returned home, shows that the neck was broken, the right eye severely bruised and suspicious marks on his back. This video is also widely circulating on Facebook. According to the police report on 30 April, Kompong Cham prosecutor ordered an investigation of the death on 29 April.
    [Show full text]
  • Emergency Response for Cambodian Migrants Returning from Thailand
    Emergency Response for Cambodian Migrants Returning from Thailand S I T R E P 20 June 2014 Cambodian migrants who have returned from Thailand. Poipet, Cambodia © Joe Lowry/IOM 2014 SITUATION OVERVIEW More than 225,000 Cambodian migrants have HIGHLIGHTS crossed back to their country from Thailand in an epic exodus which started a little over a week ago. Poipet border alone recorded 180,771 mi- 180,771 Number of Cambodian mi- grants returned (58,665 women and 12,011 Chil- grants who have returned through Poipet alone dren). An additional 45,775 migrants (15,680 women and 3,221 children) have crossed through other border check points in Phsar Prum, 45,775 Number of returnees who have arri- O’Smarch, Laem Duong, Malai, Phnomm Dei, ved through other border check points (Phsar O'Rumduol and O'anluk. Prum, O’Smarch and Laem Duong, etc.) IOM continues to work alongside the Cambodian Government to provide transport to the return- ees in order to prevent a protracted migration 5,792 number of vulnerable migrants assisted crisis at the border. While the majority of undocu- by IOM to return to their families mented Cambodian migrants in Thailand are be- lieved to have returned, IOM cautions that earlier estimates of the number of migrants in Thailand Andrew Bruce, IOM Regional Director for may not have been accurate. Reintegration assis- Asia and the Pacific visited Poi Pet tance, identification of victims of trafficking, fami- ly tracing to reunite separated families, and infec- 1 tious disease control appear to be critical responses needed for the coming weeks and months.
    [Show full text]
  • Situation Report No. 5 – Floods in Cambodia Humanitarian Response
    Situation Report No. 5 – Floods in Cambodia Humanitarian Response Forum As of 21 October 2020 FLOOD SITUATION OVERVIEW SATELLITE-DETECTED WATER (as of 20 October 2020) Since 1 October, Cambodia has experienced heavy rainfall across much of the country. As of 21 October, about 156,137 households in 14 provinces, including Phnom Penh, are reported to be affected by flash floods. In these areas, houses, infrastructure (roads, schools, health centres) and agricultural land have been inundated. The worst affected are Battambang (66,088 households affected, 4,592 displaced), Banteay Meanchey (29,225 households affected, 4,567 displaced), and Pursat (28,349 households affected, 1,934 displaced). More rainfall is forecasted this week. FLOOD IMPACT DASHBOARD 156,137 households affected 23 health centres affected 13,318 households displaced 617 schools affected 31 persons have died 1,866,592 meters of road affected 145,185 houses affected 328,228 ha of agricultural land affected FLOOD IMPACT BREAKDOWN BY PROVINCE* Province land road road Health Health Deaths Houses Houses centres (meter) Schools affected affected affected affected affected affected (hectare) by PCDM displaced of Length Agricultural Households Households Households Report date Battambang 66,088 4,592 - 66,067 - 316 1,188,703 164,116 21-Oct Banteay Meanchey 29,225 4,567 18 29,225 9 186 75,575 75,620 21-Oct Pursat 28,349 1,934 6 24,531 3 26 256,220 46,114 21-Oct Kampong Thom 7,772 - 5 7,772 2 42 31,551 14,892 21-Oct Phnom Penh 5,587 1,593 - 4,965 - - 10,000 1,350 21-Oct Kandal 4,532 - - 4,099 4 9 20,531 7,014 21-Oct Svay Rieng 3,150 36 - 97 1 1 15,756 2,108 21-Oct Kampong Speu 2,421 212 - 1,697 - 1 16,229 3,196 21-Oct Pailin 1,310 253 1 1,227 - 2 55,670 4,784 21-Oct Stung Treng 1,219 57 - 861 1 2 50,050 357 21-Oct *Provincial-level maps are available for six provinces in the Annex.
    [Show full text]
  • Map of Cambodia
    0 50 miles THAILAND LAOS The Dragon’s Tail 0 50 km Samrong Anlong Veng Cheom Ksan ODDAR MEANCHEY Siempang Tbeng Virachey National Park BANTEAY Meanchey MEANCHEY STUNG Banlung TRENG Poipet SIEM REAP PREAH VIHEAR g RATANAKKIRI n a o Sisophon Boeung Per k e Angkor Wat r Stung Treng Lumphat Phnom Wildlife Sanctuary e A M Malai t Siem Reap s e r Battambang o F Tonle g Sandan n PAILIN BATTAMBANG Sap a L KAMPONG THOM y e Pailin r MONDULKIRI Moung P KRATIE Roessei Kampong Thom Samlaut Kratie Sen Monorom Pursat Peam Koh Snar Kampong PURSAT Chhnang KAMPONG KAMPONG CHAM Snoul Ca CHHNANG Kampong Cham rd a Kang Meas Memot m o m KAMPONG Koh Kong M SPEU KANDAL o Phnom Penh u n Prey Veng KOH KONG ta PREY VIET NAM in Kampong Takhmao s VENG Speu SVAY RIENG Sre Ambel Neak Svay Rieng TAKEO Loeung KAMPOT Bavet Takeo PREAH SIHANOUK Bokor National capital Kampot M ek Provincial capital on Sihanoukville Kep g The Parrot’s (Kampong Som) KEP Beak Town, village Provincial border Major road Gulf of Thailand Rail Map of Cambodia. xvi 1 “Brother Number One”: Pol Pot, Cambodia’s Robespierre and the architect of the Khmer Rouge revolution, photographed shortly after taking power in Phnom Penh in April 1975. 2 Women toil on a communal worksite in Democratic Kampuchea. 3 Supporters of the Vietnamese-backed Kampuchean United Front for National Salvation celebrate the collapse of Democratic Kampuchea in Chhbar Ampov, Phnom Penh, on January 25, 1979. The sign in the photo reads, “Bravo, Cambodia is fully liberated!” 4 The new masters of Cambodia: Heng Samrin (center) and Pen Sovan (left) greet a state media delegation from the Mongolian People’s Republic at Pochentong International Airport on March 15, 1979.
    [Show full text]
  • Youth Club in PURSAT and TBONG KHMOM
    2016 Youth club in Tonlebet, Tbong Khmom. November, 20 2016. YOUTH CLUB IN PURSAT AND TBONG KHMOM This project aims to contribute to improved governance, accountability, inclusiveness and compliance with child and human rights in decision-making processes that affect children and youth. Sponsored by Save the Children Norway and European Union. ■ Pursat On October, 28 2016, the leaders of each child club from 4 communes (Romleach, Beong Khnar, Khnar Toteong and Talou commune) conducted the meeting with local authorities to do consultation on their action research. ■ Tbong Khmom BSDA staffs gave technical support to 40 children clubs at the village level and 4 clubs at the commune level for conducting monthly meeting. It currently happen in the commune hall and in the villages where the club is located. The children clubs are conducted in 40 village children clubs and 4 communes from Kor (9 clubs), Chikor (12 clubs), Tonlebet (9 clubs) and Boengpruol (10 clubs) communes, in Tbong Khmom. As a result, the children clubs have conducted their monthly meeting in both commune and village levels since July 2016. The purpose of conducting these meetings are to allow the children to develop their skills, confidence, brevity, to gain experiences and to share their knowledge, concerns, problems and dreams among the club members and bring these to the commune authority in order to get the response from them through the Commune Investment Plan (CIP). #RealisingChildren’sRightsthroughimprovedlocal GoveranceinCambodia Mr Nhe Sophors with the beneficiaries. CHICKEN RAISING POSTER The goal of this project is to Assist People Living with HIV to The Rustic Pathways team with the family.
    [Show full text]
  • Cambodia Municipality and Province Investment Information
    Cambodia Municipality and Province Investment Information 2013 Council for the Development of Cambodia MAP OF CAMBODIA Note: While every reasonable effort has been made to ensure that the information in this publication is accurate, Japan International Cooperation Agency does not accept any legal responsibility for the fortuitous loss or damages or consequences caused by any error in description of this publication, or accompanying with the distribution, contents or use of this publication. All rights are reserved to Japan International Cooperation Agency. The material in this publication is copyrighted. CONTENTS MAP OF CAMBODIA CONTENTS 1. Banteay Meanchey Province ......................................................................................................... 1 2. Battambang Province .................................................................................................................... 7 3. Kampong Cham Province ........................................................................................................... 13 4. Kampong Chhnang Province ..................................................................................................... 19 5. Kampong Speu Province ............................................................................................................. 25 6. Kampong Thom Province ........................................................................................................... 31 7. Kampot Province ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • PREY LANG COMMUNITY NETWORK (PLCN) Cambodia
    Empowered lives. Resilient nations. PREY LANG COMMUNITY NETWORK (PLCN) Cambodia Equator Initiative Case Studies Local sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES Local and indigenous communities across the world are 126 countries, the winners were recognized for their advancing innovative sustainable development solutions achievements at a prize ceremony held in conjunction that work for people and for nature. Few publications with the United Nations Convention on Climate Change or case studies tell the full story of how such initiatives (COP21) in Paris. Special emphasis was placed on the evolve, the breadth of their impacts, or how they change protection, restoration, and sustainable management over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories of forests; securing and protecting rights to communal with community practitioners themselves guiding the lands, territories, and natural resources; community- narrative. The Equator Initiative aims to fill that gap. based adaptation to climate change; and activism for The Equator Initiative, supported by generous funding environmental justice. The following case study is one in from the Government of Norway, awarded the Equator a growing series that describes vetted and peer-reviewed Prize 2015 to 21 outstanding local community and best practices intended to inspire the policy dialogue indigenous peoples initiatives to reduce poverty, protect needed to take local success to scale, to improve the global nature, and strengthen resilience in the face of climate knowledge base on local environment and development change. Selected from 1,461 nominations from across solutions, and to serve as models for replication. PROJECT SUMMARY KEY FACTS “It’s Our Forest Too” is the slogan of the campaign Equator Prize Winner launched in 2007 by the Prey Lang Community 2015 Network (PLCN), an alliance of indigenous communities mainly composed of the Kuy people.
    [Show full text]
  • Resettlement Due Diligence Report
    Resettlement Due Diligence Report September 2014 CAM: Urban Water Supply Project – Stung Treng Subproject Prepared by the Ministry of Industry and Handicraft for the Asian Development Bank. This Due Diligence Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or Staff and may be preliminary in nature. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank APs - Affected Persons DPWS - Department of Potable Water Supply EA - Executing Agency HDPE - High-density polyethylene JICA - Japan International Cooperation Agency para - paragraph PIACs - Project Implementation Assistance Consultants PIB - Project Information Brochure PIU - Project Implementation Unit PMU - Project Management Unit Project - Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project PSMO - PMU Safeguards Management Officer RGC - Royal Government of Cambodia ROW - Right-of-Way UWSP - Urban Water Supply Project TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS I. INTRODUCTION…………………………………….. 1 A. Overview ………………………………………. 1 B. Current Status………………………………….. 1 C. Rationale for Due Diligence…………………... 1 II. PROPOSED SUBPROJECT INVESTMENT……… 1 III. APPROACH TO DUE DILIGENCE……………….. 2 IV. FINDINGS OF THE DUE DILIGENCE……………… 2 A. Infrastructures in Existing Site……………….. 2 B. Proposed Development in New Site………… 2 C. Infrastructure in the Distribution Networks…….. 3 V. PROJECT DISCLOSURE AND CONSULTATION. 3 VI. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT……………. 4 A. Institutional Arrangement……………………... 4 Attachments: Attachment 1: Approved Request for Transfer of the Land Attachment 2: Attendance in Public Consultation Attachment 3: Project Information Brochure (English) I. INTRODUCTION A. Overview 1. The proposed Stung Treng Waterworks subproject involves the improvement and expansion of Stung Treng’s water system under the Urban Water Supply Project (UWSP, or the Project), with funding assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
    [Show full text]
  • Pursat Province Investment Information
    Municipality and Province Pursat Province Investment Information Pursat Province Pursat Road Network I. Introduction to the Province Pursat Province is located in northwestern Cambodia, 186 km from Phnom Penh and shares borders with Kampong Chhnang and Kampong Speu provinces to the east, Battambang Province and Thailand to the west, Koh Kong Province to the south and the Great lake (Tonle Sap Lake) to the north. The National Road No. 5 connecting Phnom Penh to Thailand via Pursat forms a part of the important ASEAN Highway No.1 linking Bangkok with Ho Chi Minh City. As a result, the province has great potential as a hub for cross-border trade among the ASEAN nations. Pursat has abundant of natural resources such as mining, fisheries, forestry and tourist resorts. The total land area is 12,692 km 2 and is divided into four main parts; a mid-highland region of 128.951 ha, which is suitable for agriculture, handicraft, business and other service sectors; a highland region of 159.158 ha where agro-industry is thriving; a mountain region of 856.456 ha that has abundant forests and wildlife; and the Tonle Sap area of 124.635 ha that provides benefits to people of the province in the form of various kinds of fishery products as well as tourism resources, which could be developed with the eco-tourism industry. The province also has great potential as a base for the country’s electricity supply through the development of hydro-power plants, which would serve local consumers and industries as well as national ones.
    [Show full text]