ARCHIVAL INFORMATICS NEWSLETTER

ISSN 0892-2179 FALL 1988 Volume 2 #3

Defining Data and Functions for r'1anagernent, Project r'1anagement, Desk Top Archives & Museum Systems Publishing and Busmess Graph1cs Effort.s to adopt amore uniform perspective software nlis market. In turn, S8t. , F2r the r'1useum Computer Network meeting on m will, 1~,,~nta minimal standards and reward vendors WhO f10mca mOCtober, I put together a 11st. prOVide fully capable sYstems Over t.M 01 100 vendOrs of archlV8s, museum and corning year, I will be lnyolved in contract t.o records management software! With ~ many a sYstems to choose between, users tire going to prOVide adesign t.o the Research Libraries Group for alocal archives/museum system need considerable help. The accompanying list that will serve as aworkst.ation RLI N of 75 consu ltants may be of some use here but to During the contract period. numerous I t.hink it is fort.unate on the whole that another institut.ions w1ll participat.e in requirement.s strat.egy 1S beg1nning 1.0 emerge, Let's call1t OOf1nit.ion exercises, and ageneral mode', of "codification" or "rat.ionalization" of t.he dat.a. functions, fmd structures of tlrchwes tlnd requ1rements and data will be construct.ed whic~l I would ~Iope to present. for professlOn museum mformation syst.ems, wide review, I am confident that such Hie purpose of anumber' of ongoing efforts is dissemination of models of archives and to develop frameworks within which local raqUlrements and the offerings of different museum syst.ems w1ll, in t1me. lead us to a vendors may be compared, These frameworks stronger market and better' systems, DB 0 are common defm1t1ons oltha modu'les of archives and museum syst.ems, the functions of TABLE OF CONTENTS each modu le and tJle (Jat.a of the system as a whole, Th1S newsletter contains areV1ew of an evaluation framework sold by Willoughby (In­ Box). adata model advanced by the ICOM I Committee on Documentation (Standards), and 50 I news of an effort to provide afunctional definition of ageneralized archival system I (Conferences - SAM, My vendor list suggests 521 that fwe mOdules may be present m afull I fledged system: Collect10ns (including Records) I f1onogement, Informat.ion Retrievol, Events I 11anagement, r1embership & Development. and 54 Space ( Exhibits and Storage) 11anaoernent en Ot.her specialized funct.lOns otten d8s1red by ~C~ 1 ~"... arcti1ves and museums but handled bv separat.e ()L.I systems mc1ude: Index Preparat.ion, Funds 63 i Accounting, Slide Library 11anooement 64 Interactive Video Development. &. Presentation "e emd Volunteer t1anagement Generlc tu 1 rWUlrements include Word Processino. File 671 ARTICLES To dOCument AIDS and me struggle agamst 1t must, therefore, Jnvoj'y'e the lona-term preservation ot" some maetl1ne-readab Ie MACHINE-READABLE VIEWS records. And some of the records must come Thomas E. Brown from the Centers for DIS-ease Control r: CDC.i A prlme candIdate IS CDC;'s AID.') Dat6lJdse Society of American Archivists containing mlcrolevel data from tne Case Ever',' annual meetlng of the Society of Report Form. Yet the representative from CDC ..~merican ArchiYists has Its ups and downs for made no reference to the arcnwal retentIon aT th()<'-R interested in the archlval administration this or any other non-aggregated master fIle or or machIne-readable records. The Atlanta database. When Questioned. the CDC conferenr.e was no exceptlon. representative acknow Iedged that no such rd,;,ns Interest Inautomated records has apparent Iy eXisted, This not only Violates legal moved into the mainstream. This was clear . requirements but l:llso abrogates social when chairs and representatives from various responSibility. Seem lnglv, CDC erroneously c.ommittees and tasK forces solicited the believe that publIshing tabular data Jr) the ReDor~s mYolvement of the newly restructured Weekly Morbidity and Mortal1ty &. rulfllis its ieaal and SOCIal obiioallOns. For ail Committee on Automated Records Techniques l~is (CART) in projects of common concern. our sakes, hope that CDC is managing the battle agaInst the epldem Ie more effectIvely Conversely I when approached by CART, other oroups aenerouslY aliowed time on alreadY than it IS managing its informatlOn resources. I~rowdeci agendas to hear CART proposals and In1tlatlves or mutual Interest Two new pUblications Severa! workshops and formal sessions were New York State ArchiVes &. Records exclusively devoted to automated records. Each Administration has .lust publiShed p, Strateglc W($ well attended. ,Ii,udiences frequently Plan for Managing ana Preserymg Electronlc Jncluded le.ader$ of the Society -- current and Records in New York State Government This former ot"ficers, council members, and chairS solid report presents recommendatlOns of the of avariety of task forr.es. sections and SpecIal MedIa Records Project mthree ~~ommittes. AddltlOnally, several presentatIOns sections. The first outHneS the strategic issues in more traditional sessions alluded to the In the ffian&j8ment and preservatIon ot all lmpact which today's electronic record keeping types of electroniC informatlOn, The second practices will have on the archives of r.:1elineates seven obJectives for managing anI) tomorrow. preservmg information from automated For me, the otherWIse solid conference had informatIOn systems. The last descrlbes 27 two disappointments. The first came on a activities to be undertaken durmg the next !"iV8 proposal to the Colleoe and UniversitY sect1on. years to achieve the objectives of section two. Building on earlier s·uccessful work with the The report has two strenQths seldom found in Ameriean AssoeiatlOn of Col1eoiate Reqlstrars government documents relatmg to automated and Adm issions Officers. CAR t propoSed to records. First, it IS asoup-to-nuts strateg.; to ldentitv cOlleJJ8 and university organizations ensure tile proper archival manaoement of dnd assoclatlOns whose members create and automated information systems. indeed. it maIntain recordS and to work with them to Gould be used as aprimer on archival develop gUidelines for preservlng archival Involvement in mformatlOn resources fl'lCumentatlon, especial jy in machine-readab Ie management. Secondly, the reoort outlmes a form. When CART outlined its proposal to the comprenenslve plan for the archival C,S•. USection meeting. the group responded with adm Inlstration of automated systems In tne Indifference. state of New York bv diyjding the problem mto The second disappointment came 1n asesslOn 27 manageable tas~.s As such, the report on "Documenting the ,A,IDS Crisis". AIDS may snould serve as amodel for other archives be the rirst eo idem ic fought with the computer.

50 Archival Informatics Newsletter vol.2 #3 8t.1,ernptmg to gam admmlstratwe contra", over macmne-reaQatlie dala that can be offered (1\/ a t.heir orQl:lnizat.lons' electronic records, traditiomlllibrary. The list 1s In ~scendlnQ [The report lS avai1ab'le wlthout cost from the order of compiexltY and cost.. In Qp.nerai \ DriP. New York Stat.e Archwes. Cultura'i Educat10n level of servICe presupposes the Prlor Center, Albanv I NY 12230. J establlshment of all the levels of servIce below The second report. from tMNatlOnal it HiS seven levels are: Archl'v'es t. Records Adm 1nlstration (t~ARA), 15 1: Offer passlVe referral serVlces another example of the Quality work bemg done '2: Provide active educatlonljl & referrljl bV N~.P.ft:s ft.rchival R,esearch and Eva"uation serVlces Staff Writt~n by ThomF.lS E Weir Jr., the 3: Purcrlase t1ochine-Readable Information report. lS ent.itled "3.480 Glass Tape Cartridge (MRI) Drives and Archival Dat.a Storage' Tactinology 4: Inventory and/or establish an archives for Assessment Report", fiRI alread}1 on campus 3480 cl/JSS cart.ndaes are a new rnoonetlc 5: Provlde mUllrnal computmQ ser'l1ce~, format for computer data storage, The mar~,et 6' PrOVide data consultation serVIces for Hlis class of drives is substantial and 7: Pr'ovide information products and d1.Ita growmg, and 1s expect.ed to dominate the analySis sarvlces mainframe t.ape market by 1991, This (Iose~; two questions for NARA; 1) should the National It is noteworthY that traditionallibranp.s ArchlVes use 3480 class tape cartncXle drives can begm to mclude data serVlces with mimITIal for storage of 11.20 arcr,ival records and 2) hOw effort using th1s paradigm but the tradl1.1onal :)hould Ule NatlOnfj] Archw8S acxc-eSSlOn archlVes needs to reach level four' before 11. can mformatlOn from agencles usmg thlS class of mcorporate machme readable records into its ijnv'e':., Trie GDncluSlOn of t~le r'epor1. lS Uiat tloldinqs. As Jacobs puts it. it "will take much ~jARA should adOpt a wait-ana-see attltude for more effort and time to accomp l1sh th1S fourth o"Iear or two level of ser'vice," The relative ease with which The st.rengtrl of the report 1S its analYS1s of libraries may mcorporate data products In future oota storaoe tectlnolocl1es, Archives will (;ompanson to what the traditlOnal1jrch1ve.s have to deal withthlS comlng technology and, faces may explain why the growth segment for w~lile mucrl lS beinq wntten on the subiec1. of dat.a services 1S in traditional1ibranes optlcal disk, thlS ls'the first report to explore expandmg thelr act1Vlt.ies. Conversely l the Hie archivallmplications of a new technology need for traditional archives to begin at level m magnetiC storage. ThOse of us who are four may have llmited their lnvolvement m 1radltiono"list.s m rnachme-readable records data products and services, This mav part.ially tlel18ve that magnetiC storage will remam answer a questlOn that has haunted members of vlab le mt.o t.he twentY-flrst century In thiS SAA.'s Committee on Automat.ed Records and sense, the report provldes asolid baslS for TechnlQues. Over 200 archiVists have Men doolinQ WitJl the future. AlthoUQh the report's trained throuah acore curriculum on tit'le suggest.s lt would have mterest only for an automated recOrdS, so why are there so iew lnsommac. don't ludQe thlS report by lts cover. vmble /'JrchiVf:ll prOQrams for mactnne- lAvai1able from ~H1S in paper or fiche; order readab le mformatwi1'> "# PR~ ~7-:r1/f<,-J"f-q>1'"'L,''';'9 ,p

Fall. 1988 Copyright by Archives & Museum Informatics 51 .. Optical Disks: Are Archivists the tl"lree- to ten-year useful Ilfe of magnenc Repeating the Mistakes of the media as the mam problem of electronlc records are likelv to consider the lonqef Past? prole.c:ted life of optIcal dIsks as d SIOI';lflcant Margaret Hedstrom adVance or even as apOS5lble solutlOn to many of the problems that archivists confront wr,en PractICal, workable, and relativelY pree...ervmg computer-generated records. TJ1€ inexpensive optical systems have pIqued the optical medIum maY last 30 veor:. or loncer interest of some archivists In the capabilitles thus reducmg the frequency at WhIch the' ' of this new technology. Promlses of rapid InformatIon must be COpIed onto anew storooe search tmd retrieval capabilities with cheap devIce I and optIcal disks cannot be erased In the stor8tJe costs and astab Ie medi um seem sense that maanetlc media can. To be sanaUinE: especiallv temoting to repositories With larae about optically stored mformatlOn as a . collections of graphic images, maps, drawinCts, consequence, however, overlooks the muCl"1 and textual dOCuments. As archivists debate· more cruclallssue of system dependency whIch using optical systems for storage and retrieval optlcal- and magnetlc systems share. uptlcal of roc.ords alrewl in archlVes. we must not systems pose many of the same access and avOId the questlOn of how to identify, acr.ess. preservatlOn problems as maqnetlc SYSTemS ­ and preserve information created elsewhere - and they raIse some new Issues of theIr own.. and stored tn optical based systems Because both types of systems relv on softw6ff3 _ l\rchivlsts have rarelY stopPed to cons1der to retrieve lnformatlOn, archIVIsts must what we will 00 with information from opHeal preserve both the medIum on whIch the disk systems that are created outside archiVes records are stored and the means to access the by government agencIes. corporations, records (hardware &software). Even If, lnstitutlOns, and mdlvlduals, But we should indeed especIally because. Optlcal medIa may rer.ognlze that the same features which make last for fifty years, there is no assurance that optical diSK technologv appealing for use in the hardWare and software necessary to archiVes (high density storage, rapid occess, retrieve ra"'.Ords from that medlUm WIll be Image enhancement. easv reproduction. etc. ) usab Ie or avai lab Ie in fifty years. Anvone who aim make this technology attractive and cost­ has encountered Wlre recordlnqs, waf. effectlVe for manY applications in or06ni28­ cylinders, punChed paper tape or McBee cardS, tions with active records systems The records to name on Iva few obsolete mformatlOn storaqe t~13t offIces are scanning onto optieal disks technologIes, can appreCiate thIS problem on 8 today wlll confront archlVlsts sooner or later small scale. os another 1OformatlOn technology problem Archivists who work WIth magnetic un less we begm developing strafegies now to electrOniC records try to mlnlm1Ze the need for preserve informatIOn 10 thIS format. software by reformattmg electrOnic No standards. guidelines, or procedures exist mformatlOn lOto a"soTtware- mdependent-' to help archivists handle records stored on format. In the absence of WIdely aoopted data optieal disk systems, but there are important and document Interchanae standards, thiS SImilaritIes between optical and maqnetic approach has been effective for certam types of :::'!stems. .A.rch 1Y1sts can app Iy some" lessons machme-readab Ie data fIles. 'iet some learned from our previous experIence wIth archiVIsts are becommg uncomfortable with magnetIc medIa systems to respond more thIS practIce, The strateov of creotmo effectwelv to the mtroductlon of ooHeal disks. software- Independent data for archw8I The first lesson to learn from Ollr experience preservatlOn IS Increasmolv 11m 1ted b8Ci:1use WIth maanetlc electronlc records IS that the InformatlOn from most dOcument-based and ~~hort life span of storage medii), although an Image-based systems cannot be retrIeved or impor tant prob lem. IS not the most challenaina Interpreted In asoftware- Independent jormat. aspect of preservJnO records aT mOdern .. ThIS problem 1S even more apparent WIth information systems. Archivists who perceive opt1cal systems because there IS no SUch thmg as a "soHware- Independent" Tor mat for

52 Archival Informatics Newsletter vo1.2 #3 opl1call\/ stored mforrnatlOn.Arctnv8S wlll EffectlY8 preservatlOn of arcrnvai recor'dS have to rna~e acom r01troent to ffil)mtaJnmg from large ootFj- and document-base::: requlres some naroware and some software to access roulmes to separate oats and documents Wml t.hen rnoonetlc f:lnd ODtlcal records. 10nQ term values from triose of trl)nSlent value. StandardS for encryptlOn. compactlOn. Even though I ana per haps especially because. storooe, and data or document. mterchanae are oDpralsal and preservation strate~l1e,3 for essenhai to enable future access to recordS mformatlOn from optlCal dISk systems remaln stored on magnetlc and opHcal media, to make underdaveloped, archivists ShOll ld become tnelr preservallOn affordable, and ta permlt lnVOiVed 1n tne deS1gn of optlcal dlSk rflloratwn of mformatlOn between aeneratlOns i'Jppl1C(jtlOns if they are bemo used to store of storage and relneval t.ecnnologl13s. The mformetlOn with long-term ·value In the case Wlt'1espread ,jeyelopment and adoption of of oot1cal d'isk. irnaqe- based systems, iI kev standardS bv oaraware manufacturers, lssue for archlV1sts lS mak mg sure that access softwara developers. and users of modern pomts are orovided that. wlll allow retneval of mformatlOn systems would enab"le archwes to 1OformatlOn for secondarv uses other tnan limit the hardware and software needed for tho~-e necessary for the ~ystern's Dr-lrnary occeess to asmall number of systems that can purpose. One cannot search an lmage-based r'atneve mfonnatlon from dl'oIerse system after the fact on index terms trlat were apphcatiOrts. not lncorporated lnto the aeslgn. AS archwlsts Another f6(lture that. opticllland magnetlc rush out to exolore opt1cal dlS~, S'y'stams for svst.ems SMre lS that. t1ard copy mput and tMlr own appl1catlOns, we stlould aiso canSH:ler output documents do not nocBSsarily provlde an how to become involved in the design of optical effectlVe alternatlVe for access to. or storage SYStems bv others so that we have some Chance of, information, Even if the information could of mak.ing'the mforrnation on those Systems De reprOdUced on paper t or paper saved after available mthe future, it is scanned), paper-based systems do not ArchlVists need to respond to new provlde an occeptable alternat1Ve format. The informaHan technologles when they are use of new methods to occess mformation m introduced rather than waitlna untlllaroe fundamentally different Wf!YS changes how backiogsof records become lrretrlevab le individuals and corporate bodies use because thw are stored in an obsolete format. mformation and may alter the longterrn value One of the lessons we nave learned from of the record. worklnQ with maqnetic medi/J is that archi',ists ArCrI1V1St.S snould also be aware that offlCes walled too long t.o·address t.he probiems t"'at wtnctl rely upon an optical disk wstem to store thiS changing technology posed. Large amounts documents or unages and which retneve of obsolete and irretrievable information 'Information rapidly from a disk., are unlik.ely acculurnated and valuable archival records to aevelop or rnamta1n manual f11mg syst.ems were "lost Mfore arcrliv1sts took me lssue of for t.he Slime mforrnatlOn, If the paper electrOniC records keepwQ senously. We dOCuments are saved at an ttley w111 be batched cannot aiard to repeat thlS m1stake iigam W1t.tl when U,ey are scanned and stored somewhere yet another new storage technology )ust mcase they are ever needed for' MH 0 v8nficat.lOn or certification Thev will not be

neatly filed or mdexed unless the office also [Margaret HedStrom l the chalr of the SAA uses a oarallal rnrmual file to conduct its Committee on Automated Records &. Techniques. tl\Jsmess Often orgamZtlt.ions lnV8St 10 can be reactled at ttle .speclal 11ed1a ProJect, ;Jutomated retnevlJl systems because they find New York. StlJte Arctllves & Records the best organ12ed and mamt.amed manual AdmInistration, Cultural EducatiOn Center, :>vstems too unweildy to provide effective Albany, NY 12230, (518) 474-67711 oc'Ce~·~ to mformat1on. We have learned from our experiences W1ttl magnetiC $)i'stems that archlVal records need to be identified when the system is designed. fall. 1988 Copyright by Archives & Museum Informatics 53 reports from tne UK bv I"llenael budd, Italv ov CONFERENCES Oreste Ferrarl. Canada bv Steve Delrov, and me US bv ·Jlm E: lackeD',;,. For the next two days. partlclpants heard Museum Termlnology Control anout 60 papers devot.ed to spec1il( Trll:t :;ecOnd Annual Confer-ence of Ule r'1useurn vocabulanes or data structures bemfJ used HI,] Documentation ASSOc1ation, ~leld in GambridQe varlety of kmds of museums and speeL::!] EnQland from 580tember 18-24. was devoted documentat.lOtl projects At t.he wr'ap up to the topic of Terminology Control. The seSSlOn that provlded particlpants wlt.h an rneet1no. which was co-soonsored by the Getty opport.unlt.y t.o express thelr feehngs at the end Trust Art History Information Program, of the conference demonstrated, t.he plet.hora of atlr8Ct.ed over 160 oart1elpants from dozens of termmoloQles left many unconvmced t.hat. f;()untries whose presentations and discussions, national, to say nothmg of mternatlOnaJ, conduct.ed in Engllsrl, French and It.a11an, were agreement was wort.h the effort. Those who simultaneously translated permitting sougM amore positlVe concluslOn from the conslder'abIe act,we enchanae of V1ews. meetmg found solace 1n the agreement. exprssed The Conference was orec€lded by aMuseum at. the wrap up sesslOn that. different. Documeni.!:ll1on Stuav lour ana aone daY Yocabulanes could and would cont.r·oJ dlfferent IndexinQ LanQu8Qes TraininQ Seminar. fieldS of data, trlat d1fferent \!ocabularle2, were Part.ic1pants -1n the st.ul1Y tour were uniform ly 1ustifled by different. uses f:lnd user enthusiastic about their behind the scenes view perspectives, and that there 15 awldespread and frank discusslOns witJ, curat.ors at. t.he need m the museum (,'ommumty for British Museum, the Museum of London, the termmology control over proper names and Nationa', Maritime 11useum, the National place names, for wtnch me1.hodo10g183 and !'1useum of Science &. Industrv, the Tate databases eXlst and In WhlCh areas progress can Gallerv and the Vict.or18 and Albert. Museum be made. The indexmg seminar conducted by dean The Museum Documentation AsSoc1ation Ait.chison. Alan Gflchrist and Dr I.C.Mellwaine hopes to publish procedinQS of the cont'erence was somewhat less enthusiastically received, before next year's meetmg, scheduled for orooab'Iy oecause the mstructors presented a September 14- 18 in York, England Quite theoret.ical framewor'k in the rnorninQ , follOWed bv exerC1ses that were arawn frori, ArchIves DescrIptIon PractIces bibliooraohic rat.her than museum traditions, WH.h the support of the Internaf,lOnal Tile Conference oroper was 1ntroduced bv an Council on I~rchives .. t.he National Archlves of overview of the purposes and mechanics of canada hosted an mVitatlOnal meet.mg of S1.andardizatlOn, by me, ana a oresen1.atlOn on "Expert.s on Descrlptive St.andards" m ottawa t.he role of standards bodies such as the from October 4-7. Thirtv participants. International Standards Oraanlzation ( ISO) by representing fifteen GOuntnes and the ,A..xel Ermert. Papers by t1ar'ilyn .schmidt on International Council on Archives (ICA.), the tt"le Thesaurus Art1s unlVersalls and Eleanor International Federatlan of Librar\: Fink on CIDCX; (the documentatjon committee of Associations (IFLA) and the International me Internallona'l Councll on 11useums) Standards Organ1zaf.1on ( ISO) I gathered to mtroduc'8d some of the plavers m the effor'ts 1.0 d1SCUSS the stlJte of st/jndf.lrdiz~tlOn of archlva', aGrneve consensus 10 museum terrnmology description and t.o determine t.he prospect.s for control. The scene was further defmed by John aqreement at an international level. PerKms of 1.he ConservatlOri InforrnatlOn - Over t.he course of four dijl/S, t.hey exammed Network who introduced thlS new serVlCe and t.he state of archival description standard2. 10 Susanne Peters of the ICOfvl DocumentatlOn tJ,eir respective countries and heard parlf:w~. on Center wrlo exposed the problerns of cont.rolling "Concepts, Prmciples &. t1ethodolo018S" bv Lisa lerrmnoloQV as ameans of access to trte Weber, "The Relationship between Aut.omatlOn database maintained by ICOt'1 and ICOMOS. and DescrlPt.ive Standards" bv Michael Cook. Furt.her perSpeCllYe was orovlded oy nat.1onf.ll

Archival Informatics Newsletter vo1.2 #3 "TM Role of ACademlC Tni1rllng ana automated metMds mtM past few years TrIlJt PrOfes."iorRll AssocmtlOns mDescrlpt.ion it willlik.elv be the last demonstrat.es flOW Standards" by Jacques Gnmard, "Descrlpt.1ons important. Steve Hensen's reV1SlOn of rllS Standards &International Organllations" by ArchlVes, Personal PIJpers and t1anuscrlOts Hugo Stibbe, and "Stategies for Development (APPM) gUldelines, will be to establishing and Implementation of Archival Description descriptive standards. So many issues that Standards" by David Bear·man. generated much light and no small amount of The meetmo adopted a number of resolutions heat mAtlanta wlll be laid to rest. wrlen Steve addressed to th"e ICA, lncluding aproposal to is througrl. establish an international working group to Although my week bef.Jln with meetings 01 Uu:. pursue astandard for "descnption at the fonds Committee on Automated RecordS and level", an area mwhich the meatinQ reached Techniques and the Committee on Educ-ation and substantial agreement To me, the agreement Professional Development I the DeSCrlption around the table that a number of entitles other Section and the Government Records section. than holdings -- entitles such as repo-3ltorles, all of WhlCh pald conslderable attent10n t.o records creating orgamlat1ons, retentlOn profeSSiOnal standards for archlval 3Chedules, facilities, and users -- might be deSCription, the meeting proper began for me prorrnsmg areas for development of descrlption wlth asession on format. int.egrat.ion (MARC standards was an exciting outcome of the format that is) addressea bv SallY McCallum rneetino. Clearly archivists are reF.ldv to think (Library of ConQress) and Lisa Weber about the possibility of sharmg authority (NHPRC). The cr"owd attract.ed in alar'ge room records of various sorts 1n order to realize the to hear t.hese tal ks was an early SlQna1tJliJl potential benefits of informatiOn ex.change at archivlsts are now vltally concernea with the ttle internat10nallevet mechamsrns bv which libraries have Avarlety of products were brought to the mamta1ned deSCription standards. The content meeting by participants. My attention was of the talk.s in turn illustrIJted how especially caught. by a wor~,lng group draft substantlally archivists have begun to affect from the ArchiVes Nation61e de France which library pract.ice. Sally McCallum adopted a consisted of terminology for forms of material distinction among bibliographic item control, and TunctlOns and closely resembled the lists serlals control and archlVal controlmtroduced that (,'011 eagues USl ng R1I Nhave been by archwlsts and recounted how often AMC oo.;elop1Og, Throughout the meetmg, Peter concepts, such 6S the action field 583 have HorSman from the Nether lands ex.pressed the been employed in librar~f practlce. In her interest of Dutch archiVists in function 8(,-c,'Ount of the merging of the bibliographic termmoloqy. Others also thought the idea formats into a unified format. she emphaSized worth pursumg, I note that. at the SM. meeting t.hat. t.he merged format more clearly reflects and in subsequent travels around the United the original intent of MARC and extends the States, Rav Orover of t.he New Zealand National opportunities presented by each of the separate A.rchlves nas also been mterest.ed mthls formats to each of the others. In conel USlOn she approach. The converoence of the vocabulan6S under lined the lmportance t.hat. descrlptive be10g developed suggests that for !J)vernmental standards will have 10 guiding description funct.ions at any rate, we may be nearmg an practices. now that the format has been mternational agreement on the structure of shroven of most of lts prescrlptive. this access po101.. descnptlOn convention specifiC, structures. Llsa Weber emphaslzed the role archivlsls Society of American Archivists must play in maintaining the new unified The 1988 SAA meet.ing in At.lanta was the format and illustrated some of the challenges fir·s1., and may well be the last, meeting of which lie ahead as aconsequence of format arctnvists at Which one could attend end-to­ lnt.egratlOn. Stle identified ar"eas in wh1ctl end sessions devoted to descriptive practicBs previous efforts bv archivist.s to reform 1'1ARC and standards. That it was the first, reveals nad succeeded and failed, and emphaSized t.he how far the profession has corne in us10g importance that implementations of format

Fall. 1988 Copyright by Archives & Museum Informatics 55 lntegratlOn wIll have on future $uccess or r'ecelVed the attentlon or aseparate seSSIOn fdilure of drchives to get what th8'v need from PeJtricio:l Cloud intr"oduced the se5sion b"/ Clsking OlE' format wnat are tne purposes of autnor ltv control ana The The.orv aM Practice of Appraisal, could who are our users? Hope Mavo spoke for one nave addressed deSCrlptlOn Issues, smce In group m dlscussmg the varIous vocaoularl8S mdny W8l/S our con ius IOn about what we are adopted bv the ACRl Rare Books and Ijomg when we ao appralsallS compounded bv Manuscrlpts SectlOn (RBMS). SpeCIalized the absence of standardized means for lists produced by RBM51lnd under development recorOlng appraIsal deceSlOns. As It was, the mclude genre terms, prmtmg & pub ilsnmg :~ession did not address this issue; instead eVIdence, provenance evidence. and bindIng Frank Boles and ,.Ju l1a '(oung focussed on an terms. Eacn was intrOdUCed and ItS apparently precise and empirical studv they applicabilitY discussed. Helena Zinkham conducted whIch does Ilttle to help us presented tna LIbrarv of Congress Graphlc communlcate the b{)Sls for appraisal deciSIons, t"loterjols Genre and PhysjQlI Choracter1stic

On Saturdav, the first sesslOn I attended Headings. lIst (Gl"lGPC) and Its hlstorv. She reported on the use of the MARC-VM format. called special attention to the often ignored but L1nda Evans I'eported on the Vl"l users valuable lntroauctlOn to the publIshed lIst In conference whose proceedings and compendIUm the final paper of the sesSIOn. HarT lett Ostroff 1S now aval1able from the Chicago Historical exp lalned why NUCMC IS usmg the R.LG lIst of X1Clety, Diane O'Connor from the Smithsonian qenre and form headinos for MARC tao 655 and InstitutlOn reported on continumg work on the the M T1ist for MARC tag 755 at present and Photo Thesaurus she edited last year and on the why she mtends to create her own I1st In the .')1 ArchIVes photographic data model (see next few years, WhiCh she feels WOUld Improve Projects &Proposals is this issue), Jim of the RLG list and provide better scope notes

Bower of the Gettv Art HIstory Information Personally J I hope that thIS effort can be Program presented apaper on why Authority conducted With a broad base of professlOnal flIes need not be "Authorltatlve" files. Involvement so that we don't rl'sk 'Jettmg Just explaJnlna how the Getty AHIP Vocabulary another ideosyncratic list out of the NUCI"J(; coordination qroup I of whIch he IS a member I effort. has been integrating avariety of name By. Sunday mormnq- it was astonJshlna- to see authorlty fi les but perm ittmg each proJect anyone left for the sessIOn on Authoritv Control that contributes alists to determine its own in which Richard Szary and I presented our preferred form of name for its products, vIews of future requlrements. Both of us oegan ...Jim Bowers set the staoe for the authorIty bY assertinG that we needed more clarltv about control sessIOn which fonowed, In successIve the kinds o(IiSt5 we were speak ing about. tne papers, Marion Matters (SM Automation types of implementatlOns mtended and the

Officer) presented acase stu(jy of name purposes of control J and each of us suggested authority control as procticed i:lt the Minnesoti:l typologies of authorities that were extremely HIstorIcal Soclety, BIll McNltt discussed SImIlar, I went on to examlOe reSe~lr'Ch result'S subject authoritY control as it is bema from ve.ars of Iibrarv and Inior mat IOn sCJence Implemented in the PresidentIal Libnirles researCh on authorities, and suggest tne wffY~ sYstem, and David Delorenzo, now at Harvard in which theY should affect future authoritv

UnJ'Iersitv I analvsed the transactIOn logs plans In archIves. RIch spoke on the functlOnal produced by the system he set up at Ga Ilaudet requirements of an Ideal Imp lementatlOn, College to establish Just what kinds of sesrches detailing the capabilitles that he belIeves were conducted. He found. unsurprlsmgly, should be present in authorltv svstems that 38% of searChes were for SUbJects, 25% author, title or subject terms. 20% author! title terms, 11 %genre and 5% "assocIated ,jescnptors" or mlscelloneous terms. t"lore description practIce standardS followed In the afternoon when FOJ'm and Genre terms

56 Archival Informatics Newsletter vo1.2 #3 COStA: Gateways to Comprehensive Tor hlS agency, embraced the potentla1of State Informotion Policy cooperation. followed by Dorothy Provine of When the Chief ExecutlVe Officers of State the Dlstrict of Columbla who illustrated the llbrarv Agencies ((,'OSLA) met mRaleigh need wlth acase studY of the differences Nort.h Carolina In mlo-OCtober, the semmar between appra1sals of construction permits m was attended by directors of state information different U,S, jurisdictions. The session was servlC8S, state telecommunications d1Vis1ons, concluded by Kathleen Roe Who, recounting tM and state archlVes as well as by legislative year long experlence of sharmg apprcllsal aides and polley makers. The participation was reports in RLlN, reported that practlce lS still t.elling In itself -- this community is learning too uneven, too poorly concelVed. and too ad how to make connectlons with lnformatian hoc, for actual exchanges of appraisal data to be providers and information creators and has very useful. Rather than abandoninQ the learnea that poliCY is the first step in a new effort, she called for improvements °m information equation. descriptions of appnllsal determinations. HIe meeting was subtitled "A Conference for 11ike Miller and Bill Cunliffe of NARA, Stakeholders". and the stakeholders were made presented the General Records SChedule for t.o work. for their enlightenment When, after Electronic Records, The schedule adopts as its each sesslOn framed the issues, tables of eight general prmciole that 1f a master file 15 worked on consensus reports, Unfortunately I scheduled, all inputs and outputs are disposable was able to st/J'y' only for the session in which I except for products disseminated in electronic participated, on mformation policy for form, Ifeel that RG20 assumes flat files. electromc records. but it was clear from the routine data, isolated systems, and workinQ energy of the group that the previous speakers environments unaltered by the introduction of and the consensus building format of the automation, and as such provides essentially no meeting were having the desired effect. COSLA guidance to those who operate in a work world expects to publish the conference prOO3edings transformed by mteractive, online, inter­ and small group conclusions next year, connected information systems. Bill Cunliffe. One fascinatinQ OOGument that was new to me reporting as a records manager, indicated that was made available by Ed Levine, Staff he felt simllarly in the review phases, but D1rector of the Jomt Committee on Information obViously as a NARA amployae, he has taken the Technology Resources of the Florida State pos1tion now that the GRS 1s necessary find 1s Legislature, Entitled "Remote Computer Access all we have. to Public Records in Florida", this January 1985 report discusses the technical and policy Am. Society for Information Science lSSUes that arose from Florida's pioneermg I taught a preconference workshop on recorOS program to provioo access to electromc public and archlVes manooement for information records. Copies are available from Mr. Levine. scientists at the annual meeting of ASIS in Atlanta, The focus of the full-day session was National Assoclat10n of Government the impact of the advent of electrOniC records Archlv1sts & Records Admlnlstrators on traditional archival and records Cooperative approaches to appra1sal, management practices and the design of automation of records management and the archlVal mformat.lOn systems based on NAPA General Records Schedule for Electronic organization function and record syst.ems Records occupied my dance card for the NAGARA struct.ure, Iargued thl.lt such systems present. meeting 1n Annapolis, JU1'l21, Unfortunately, opportunities for those interested in taking on the As.'3ociation seems not to have been ab le to the role of information resource rnanooers. ext.end beyond the State Arch1ves despite its DB' 0 recent chanoo of title and membershlp and the efforts of its aggresslYe volunteer Executive Dlrector. Bruce D~rstvne. The cooperat1ve appraisal sesslOn was opened bv em LeFurdv of NARA who, 10 adeparture

Fall. 1988 Copyright by Archives & Museum Informatics 57 COP'/ from Heather MaeNei 1, Descr 1pt 1Ve Standards Proiect Officer. CClnadian Council of IN-BOI Archives, 344 Wellington St. , Rm 4101 , West Memorial Bldq, OttClwa KlA-ON3, CANADA. REPORTS Comments must be received bv Nov 30 to til? considere.t1 for the final draft. Amerwan 11anaqement. :)'y'stems Inc, General Functlonal Requirements for the N~tionl.:ll Academv of Science. Notionol Academv SmHhsonlan InstHution Archives of Engmeenng, Inst1t.ute of r1edic1ne, The ' (1/28/88). FeasibHlty Study for the Future of Technology and Work: Smlthsonian InstUution Archives Research &. Polley Issues ed. by Bruce (3110/88). Analysis of Ufe Cycle Henderson &. DaVid Mowerv (Washinqton DC. Costs: The Mini-Computer Alternative National Academy Press. 1988) p, 41 p, for the Smithsonian Instltution This is acrisp, literate, but broeld brush Archives (3/10/88), t.hree report.s, summary of aone day conference held at the prepared as del iverab les under GSA Contract Acooemy in OCtober 1987, Issues are clear lv GS- OOK - 85AFD2777, for tM Sm 1thsonlan delineated, and though they are not startling, ·It Institut.ion Archives. makes auseful introduction for semor staff The underlYlOQ commonal1tY of SI ArchlYes concerned with national poliC'! lssues procedures and {hose of most other archival repositories with some records management National Archives &. Records Administration, activity makes the first of these reports, a Archival Research &. Evaluation Staff, Tnomas functional requirements document prepared by E. Weir Jr., 3480 Closs Tape Cartridge AMS, useful to awider community However, Drives and Arch1val Data Storage: the "global" reqUlrernent.s accepted bv AMS that Technology Assessment Report, Netlonal led to recommend an in-house developed, Archives Technical Information Paper #4, mWlComputer-based implement.ation, are ,June 1988 30p, (NTIS # PB8-233135/AS. extremely dubious; these included a presumed $12,95) . requirement for SIA staff to be able to modifY This is tl timely and thorough assessment of the applications themselves and aprotlibition the 3480 cartridge for data archives which, against. relying upon an outside source of like NARA, are facing pressures to convert to expertise to operate the system, even when two this technology for its density and GonvenJence. of the opt1On3 thereby relected involved Concludes tMt tJI6 3480 is meeting high relying on aSmithsonian'office with four times standards and that conversion will be r-eqUlred the staff of the Archives! The conclusion soon, but somehow (disbelievmq 1tselP) reached by N1S, that the 51 Archives should allows that NARA itself will hold off for now acquire aminicomputer and develop their own due to financ1al and lffiplementlltlOn software for alife-cyCle cost of just under $1 constraints, Continumg updates are promlsed minJOn 15. very sHnplv, bad adv1C8 although the five year life c'y'cle cost analysis itself is a National ArchlVes of Canada, Conservation 90011 example of tM genre of Photographic Materials: ABosic Reading Us!, (Ottawa, National Archlves, Bureau of Canadian Archivists, Report of 1988). Text in EnQlish and French, 320, the Working Group on Description at Klaus Hendricks and Anne Whitehurst have the Fonds level to the Planning compiled abibliography ttlat will be of use to Committee on Descriptive Standards, generalist conservators in spite of lts Jack of March 1988 78p annotation, The sDecialist will want to use the The first of tM proposed standards for bibliographic facilities of the Conser·vatlOn archival description to emanate from the Information Network's online blbllOQraPh1G Canadian description pr·oiects endorses AACR2 database to which the authors are prime (and tMn departs from it somewhat) Get a contributors.

58 Archival Informatics Newsletter vo1.2 #3 Th1S Jong-aWalted repo!'t confronts the Nelt lOna I Endowment for the Humelnl ties, Lynne Dol iCY Imp l1cetlOns of electronlc dr5sem In()tlOn V. Chenf31/, Humanities in America: A of a growing portlOn of the $6 bllllOn Report to the President, the Congress government Information dlssemlnation budqet and the American People (Washington DC, head on, calling for acceptance of the method of NEH, september 1988). dissem inat ion throlloh aII 8vai lab Ie avenues. This is the first b1annual report mandated by including depositorv'libraries, countering the '~onaress In 1955. It telkes i) broCld VIew of argument tor government to plev no ra Ie In culfural education, incorporatmg museums, value-added information dissemmation I and bookstores end public televisIOn. InterestinaJY revealina the emeralnQ Drab lems for FOIA In it makes no mention of arch1vesl ' an age o(electronlc-record keeping and distributlOn. Hlqhlv recommended for its New York State University, Education definition of the Issues and 1ts balanced POl1C'y' Depelrtment and ArchlVes &. Records proposals. Adm imstration, A Strategic PIan for Managing and Preserving Electronic JOURNAL ARTICLES & BOOKS Records in New Yort State Government: Final Report of the Special Media Barnett J Patricia J. I "The Art & Records Project, August 1988 36pp. Architecture Thesaurus as a Facetted MAR.C Format", Visual Resources, \101.4#3 p.247- The dlagnosis of Issues and prob lems examines the relatlonship between presente.d bv this report is d pithy summary of 260 the challenge of electronlc media. The seven precoordinated library subject headinqs and objectIVes defined for New Vork State will be the post-coordinated approach of the AAT. valid, with little modification, for any Those who might be put off should know that It Jurisdiction. But it is the 27 concrete really has little to do with MARC. ac:tlv1ties suggested for the next five years that deserve the greatest attention of professionals linking Art Objects and Art for they are both strategiC in the best sense and Information, a specia I issue of Library l:loable. As such It represents the tlrst full Trends edited by Deirdre Stam and .A,nge!a Gira! menu of coordinated governmental response to (vo] 37 #2, Fall 1988i includes articles bv Hle challenge of electronlc records. scholars, registrars J curators, systems analvsts and mformatlOn specIalIsts on a Trego, Lori A., Ohio Depertment ot variety of problems involved in the design of Administrative Services, National art 1niormation systems. Taken as awhole the Information Management Survey of volume is one of the most excitinq treatments Automation and Machine Readable of museum mformatlOn Issues ever - the Records, (Columbus Ohio, 1957) 46p. mdividuaJ articles each deserve afull review J but instead I'll.wst recommend the book as a Hlis lS a useful summary of t.he state of whole. planning, program development and policy for elect.ronic records in t.he fifty United St.ates Palmer J Roger C., Understand1ng based on phone interviews conducted in March library Microcomputer Systems. Pacific and April1987. Information Inc., Studio City CA, 1988 129 p. plus source code on floppy disk. for t.he Book. u.s. Congress, 01f1Ge of Technology Assessment, AcqUisition System. Informing the Nation: Federal Informa­ Roqer Palmer has wriHen the ultimate case tion DlssemlnaUon 1n an Electronlc stuaY of t.he definition, deSign and development Age~ OTA-CIT -396 (Washington DC, US GPO, of asoftware svst.em. Issued tooet.her· w1th tJll? October 19138) 333p A.vallatlle from GPO for code for' t.he resulting system. The book can be :--efJd as an h1Slorlcal account of Mw system::. $14.00 1 stock. # 052- 003-01130- 1 are des1gned or as asor·t of manual for the

PaU, 1988 Copyright by Archives & Museum Informatics 59 resultant system. Its strength, I feel, IS as a (not surprisingly) prefer mme. Still, I would teaching tool; in agraduate seminar it would be recommend this pUblication to anyone agreat critical assignment. considering purchasing asystem; this is one . $15 investment in prelim mary research. that Roberts, Helene; "Do you have any pictures is w~1l worth it. Willoughby's has again of..?: Sublect Access to works of Aret 10 Visual pertormed aservICe for the museum market, Collections and Book Reproductions", Ad. and shou Id again to be thanked for it. Documentation v. 7 #3 p.87-90, is an interesting discussion of the reasons one NEWSLETTERS collection chose to use ICONCLASS.

.sunder land, Jane & 5arasan, Lenore; The ICOM News (ISSN 0018-8999) vo1.41#2 Checklist Kit for Comparing Automated 1988 contains an extenslve outline of the baSIC Museum Col1ecUons Systems (Winnetka syllabus for Professional Museum Training. now 17ye.arsold. TheTrainingcommittee ILI Willoughby Associates, 1988) $15 from the pl.Ibl1shers. would like to revise the syllabus and is The Checklist kit consists of an introductory Inviting suggestions to Dr. Patric/< Baylan Director of Museums and Art Galleries ' gUldeline for the use of the check lists, an R~rdS article by Lenore Sarasan entitled "What to Leicester Museums. Art Ga1JerlOes & look for in Automated Museum systems" first SerVice, 96 New Walk, Leicester LEI 6TD UK. published in Museum Studies Journal (v.3#4, Winter 1987), and two sets of forms to be InteractiYe Media International Newsletter (PLF Communications, 9 Cross copied and used In comparmg posslble systems. St. Court, Cross St. I Peterborough I Cambs. PE 1 Inc] udOO are four. pages of venoor profile ~orms, 1UF ENGLAND, £.125 p.8.) featured museums and 24 pages of features evaluation int~racti.ve t.orms addressmg collections manegement and video.opportunities in its May functions, general systems features, data 1988 Issue.1n an article by Isabel Pring. structure features, user interface features, Short news Items on video in museums and query features, report features, "speciol cultural institutions are regUlar features. ~eatures" , and documentation and support (WhlCh could as easily have been in the venoor Mid-Atlantic ArchiYist (ISSN 0738­ evaluation). The layout of the forms perm its ?396) Vo1.17 #3, Summer 1988 p.12-13 the user to employ them first to determine the mcluOOs an article by Kathleen Roe on the patron registration system of the Pennsylvania deg~ee to which each feature is required or deslred by the repository (ranking them as State Archives that serves as a useful reminder "must have", "might need", "don't need" that reqUirements for automation of archives "frill" ) and subsequently to use the sa~e form do not end with cataloging of holdings. to assess what each system prov1des (yes I no, when planned, can't tell). It will come as no Network News... vol.1 #4, Autumn 1988 surprise that Willoughby's systems look very (free from Conservation Information Network ~ when evaluoted ogoinst this checklist, but 45034 Glencoe Ave.. Marina Del Ray CA I It 15 not ber.ause the checklist is ideosyncratic. 90292) reviews the development of UDC classification 77 for photograpny and the Indeed I the check Iist features ore extremeIy well thought out and fairly comprehensive, PHOCUS database developed by Klaus Hendricks and Anne Whitehurst and avai lab Ie tnrouqh like Willoughby's sYstems. Any such list could· CIN. . al.ways mclude other fe.atures and exclude some ot. those 1ncIuded. ond Wi lloughby'sover lops WIth my own (published as v. J #4 of Archival OClC Newsletter (ISSN 0163-898x) free Informatics Te.chnical Reoorts) in many ways. from OCLC, 6565 Frantz Rd., Dub lin OH 43017-0702, has abrief summary of the IIIke their layout better and some of their June 22, 1988 NISO meeting in its Quest Ions are better stated, but on the Whole July/August issue along with astatus report

60 Archival Informatics Newsletter vo1.2 #3 distnbuted to that meetmg on the state of all Library·' Technologles Inc. ( 1142E Bradfield NISO st~ndord3 ~s of June 10, 1988. Rd.. Abi ngdon PA 19001 , 215- 576- 6953) has published apamphlet entitled library Recordfacts Update (ISSN 0899-7475. Database Preparation Services: A free from National Archlves, Office of Records Primer (JulV 1988, 8p. ), that addresses Mrnmistf'at.lOn, Records Administration ['1ARC tape formats, ~IOW to extract records and Inforrnatlon Center) Washington DC 20408) solve duplication problems, OeLe specific GontCllns ~ rniscell~ny of records m~nagement issues, barcoding and authority control wformation. While generally reliable, questions, and other lssues relating to database Yo1.2# 1 contamedsome most improbable looding m clear terms. but wlth good detail. calculations of the floor space reqUirements of Users will want to compare this with the filing cabmets. llbrary Systems Newsletter report on Processing OCLC tapes in June 1988 (v.8#6 SM Newsletter (l5SN 0091-5971) p.41-45). ::;eptember 1988 contains areport by SAA. Pr'eservation Program OffICer Paul Conway on Light 1m presslons Ms released t.he 1988­ recent research on the storage of microfilm 89 edition of the Photographers Bjography masters which Conway states may reqUire FHe, aproduct of the International Museum 01 archlvlsts to revise thelr procedures. Photography at the George Eastman House. The 12 microfiche set, containinQ nearly 20,000 SPECTRA, The Quarterly Journal of the entries, is cross indexw by name variants and Museum Computer Network (vol.15 #3, pseudonyms and available for $95 by calling Fall 1988) contains a valuable article on 800-828-9629. The International Museum "Computer Software, Equlpment and services of Photography provides on1ine access to the Procurement by Museums and other Biography File of Photographers at cost to ConservinQ Institutions - Introduction to Basic non-prom organlzatlons ( $1.50 per logon C.ontract.uallssues and Protection of 11useum hour plus local telec.'Ommunications. using a and Academic Pr'ooerty" by "1ar'k H. BicXJle VT 102 or equlValent. or an IBM PC at. ESQ.) Partner in Dechert Price &. Rhoads, 300,1200 or 2400 baud). Philadelphia (0.2-8). Recently Andrew Eskind, Director of EPHEMERA Interdepartmental S8rvlces for the 1t"IP sent me the first of what is expected to be at least a AASLH Special Report #2. ( Insert to History seven videodisc set of Images from the Eastman News vol.43 -R'4, ,July/August 1988) entitled House collection. It represents some, but not Common Agenda Museum Information all, of the 20% ofthe collection that is now Survey, is adata collection instrument cataloged and contains otherwise inaccessible intended to develop astandard for reporting on negatives of photographs by t"lathew Bradv. tllstol'lcal repositones. Ttle survey Anne Brigman. Nickolas Mura'l and others. For instrument will test the standard and provide further information. contact Andr'ew Esk md at Uniform information on AmerJcan cultural 716-271-3361. history museums. NAGARA's Government Records Issues Series AR~1A's f1icro/PC lAC has issued the 4th published its inaugural issue under the general Edition of its Software Directory for editorship of Roy Turnbaugh. Subsequent Automated Records Management issues will be edited bY North Dakota State Systems (from Walter May 415-591­ Archivist Gerald Newborg. The premier 4472, 1988,41 p.). The directory' consists pamphlet is entitled The New or very snort descrlPtions of pack.aoes sold by Massachusetts Archives Facility: A 28 firms (a few defunct). Study 1n Plann1ng and Process by Massachusetts State ArchiVist ,1\1 bert ~. Whitaker I.Jr. ("June i 988, 3p)

Fall. 1988 Copyright by Archives & Museum Informatics 61 LETTERS can De another mlCro, or amlnl or even a mainframe. These confiQurations allow Bl1 Vernon. Vernon Systems, Auck.land. New Revelatlon app11GatlOns to handle large mes Zealand, wrltes . and tran5-actlon volumes. ~Hchael Coo~., We wer.e delighted with the first independent UniverSIty of LlVerpool, revIew ot COLLECTION in the summer Issue of L1verpool, England, writes: 'lour .iournaL May we maKe the following The Museum DocumentatlOn ASSOclatlOn comments on your caveats that we are smal I (Building 0,347 Cherry Hinton Rd" 'loung, far Wlay and have not yet made asale? cambridge CB 1 4DH) has now Issued a ,size: We have three in our development team prototype verSIon of an archIves applicatlOn and are seeking a fourth. We use freelance within its package MODES, This pockaqe 1S 6 Revelatfon consultants for overflows. We have cheap and simple system for controlling four part time support staff, Over six people museum holdings, The archlVes applIcation has years of R&D has been invested to date in the been put together by the staff of the archIves :;ystem. department of the British Antarctic Survey at Young: Although the project Is only two and a Cambridge University, tn collaboration with half years old, the principals of Vernon the Archives Description Pro,iect at Liverpool Systems have sUbstantial track records In UnIVersity, The standards and conventIOn of systems development. COLLECTION speaks for the Manual of Archival DescriPtion (MAD) the understanding we have acquired of museum have been jncorporated, though as some of app lications. these are as yet incomplete, the match is not Far Awffi./: New Zealand is twelve hours f1yino perfect. There are temp lates (system supp] ied time from Los Angeles, We have fax and emaiL" formats, including data entry screens) for However, we reccgnize the need for local letters, title deeds, maps, and photographs, and support and provide thIS by: afull set of archlval data elements, arranqed 1n 4 hierarchical levels, is avallab 1e on screen, it- training the in-house Systems SupervIsor to support users The manual includes exp lanatory text written * retraInIng loc.al Revelation consultants for by archivists and dealing with their specific technical support problems, * using museum sYstems consultants for The prototype IS now on test at BAS and implementation support Ltverpool University, Reports and amendments will be issued from time to time it- ourselves providing app Iicat ion tailoring and ultimate support MODES is available from the MDA for £200 We intend opening alocal office. which makes it avery reasonably priced ' No sales: This reflects the lead time for such package, especIally as support and maintenance decisions. It is expected that we will have our is avai lab 1e, first significant contract shortly. The review raIses Questions as to Jane Sledge, Smithsonian Institution, writes: Revelation's longevity and ability to handle In your revIew of Peter Homulos's heavy worKloads. presentation at the AAM, you fail to mention With over 75,000 users, consistent the CIDOC working group concentratmo on occ.I)lades from the technical press, and an international standards in your fleetin'g enthusiastIe developer base, we are confident reference to CIDOC working groups ... , There that Revelation has asecure future, (Note the is an international group working on data increasing frequency of citations in such standards ,... At the 1987 meetino the Data Journals as Archival Informatics Newsletter). Standards work ing group attempted to focus , Revelat,lon distrIbutes the processIng load to attention on data modellnq efforts and mexpenslve but powerful workstations ( 286 te.chniQues ." ,' or 386 PC's). Network operating systems such as Novell Ilnk these to the f1la server which

62 Archival Informatics Newsletter vo1.2 #3 MAPS to Conduct fiche Standards Study NEWS Tt'!e MlO-.Atlant.1C' ~'respr\/anon .')prvlct? nas announceD t~lat n has entered into ;.'1 contract Archives library Information Center with tile CommlSSlOn on PreservatJOn ana The National Archives has ~tabllshed Its Access to exolore the apolication of 3Smm ,A.rChlves LIbrarv InrormatlOn (;enter' ,i1,L1GJ archlvai fIlm stanaarGS to tile prOOUCT1nn of )$ aserVlCe to the professIOn as was proposed microfiche Accordina to the 1'1APS Newsletter. bv the recent NAGARA study of the lnrarmatlOn the contract WIll be usen to ldentlfy the speclai nee.as of arCh1Y1sts and records managers. ALiC problems and costs in extending extant 35mm W111 conduct free searches of bIb 110graph 1C stanaardS to the 105mm fIlmIng and ,jatobases, and wlil publ1sh for the professlOn a proc.essing envIronment Areport is due ear lv quar'ter Iv lIst of Its acceSSlOns and an annua I In 19139 and progress throughout the prO,lBct !l')t of Journal'3 to whIch It 5ubscrJbes so as to will be rBPorted b\/ MAPS :Jccommodate mterl1brarvloans, Feesw'lll be Charged for reproductlOn, but not for on sHe NARA becomes member of RlG use whIch 15 encour!396d. fFor mfarmatlOn. The National ArchIves and RecordS call or write p,lle. NatIOnal ArchIves l1brary Administration became the fir::,t Feder(J] (NNIU. N.I\RA.Washinaton. DC 20408 government agency to ,10m PLG on l"lard"! 8A.s (,-,),,' -,-.<; q"C'''J - .,,;l ~ )-')":'" -'.. t)':I':. the 40th special member in the Archi'y'e,;:-" f1anuscrlpts and Specla1 CollectlOns program, Electronic Data & Depository libraries NARA WIll contrIbute to RLiN In conJunctlOn The Government Printing Office issued a WIth an mter-.1UrlSdlctlOnai recoras prOJect

re(lon in ,June 1988 I whlcrl descrl bed five under the dlrectlon of Frank Evans pr'oJects it will undertake exoerimentallv to test the suitablitiv of dissemination of NTIS Privatization cancelled electronlc formats to the depository libraries, On August 23 ~res1dent Reagan slgnea a Data from the 1982 Census of Agriculture and Federal Trade Bill that outlaws contracting out the 1982 Census of retai 1trade will be made of the repository or the services of NTiS, avaJ1ab Ie on CD- ROI'1 , as w1ll the effectlvelv ending several vears of studY and Congressional Record and a EPA database, the debate on thIS tOP1C. Tox1c Release Inventory. Online access to two other databases wi 11 be provided as part of the NAPA/NARA Study test. These are the Economic Bulletin Board of The NatlOnal Academy of Public Admmlstra­ the Departmernt of Com merce. a merged tlOn has undertaken astudy of electrOniC database of numerous DOC mes of statistlcs and recordkeepmg m the Federal Government on news, and abibliographic and full-text behalf of the NatlOnal .A.rchlves & Records database from the Department of Ener·gy. For' AdmmlstratlOn The study, WhIch 15 mtended details SBe the report, "Dissemination of to be completed In December 1988, wll1 Information 11) Ele.ctronic Format to Federal reoort on over ahundre.d mterv1ews and an [>8Positorv Libraries: Proposed Project analYSIS of several hundred questlOnnalre Llescrl pt lOn:~" returns as well as the collectlVe WIsdom of a panel of experts drawn from throughout the SM AutomatIon Program OffIcer Federall3overnment, the information industry, The Societv of American ArchiVIsts unIversIties and elsewhere. ProJect manager announced the appointment of l"larion 1'1atters Sarah Kadec provided minutes of NAPA Panel If as its new automation program officer as of meetmgs; aflnal report wlll be Issued bY' the August 1. f1S. f1atters reolaces Lisa Weber end of the year who left the SAA to serve on the staff of the NHPRC. r-latters W1J] run the program from

her home office at 1936 Sargent Avenue I S1. Paul, f'1N 55105 (612) 698-6949

Fall, 1988 Copyright by Archives & Museum Informatics 63 D1ane Vaal O'Connor has m~ availab Ie t,he ~,rfllt.hsoman Inst.ltutiOn Arct'lr-/es F'hotoQtI:mrl1c PROJECTS & PROPOSALS Data ModeL awor K1 ng paper Demg u-;ed -10 oofine t.he st.ruct.ure of 1nforrfl;Jtlon r'equlred to Smlthsonion Art Museums Doto Model support the $1 ArchlVes PMto Survey project The model cons1sts of mformation abouUhree flJt.er several vears of wort, the art museum major entlt.1es; Persons/Organr~alion~; 82, bureaus of tM Smlthsonian Inst.ltutlOn rl8ve Creators, prlotographs, and CollectlOns as t.he completed afull drait of adata model that object.s of admlnlstrat1ve actlv1tv AttribuTe':. worKmQ qrouD members bel1eve accommodates of these entities are defined in an informal ail the data used bv thew organl28tlOns m any d1ctlOnarv of data elemenls. [AvaIlable from of Hs octlvltle.'3. The mode"l, Wh1Ch 1dent1f1es Diane Vogt.-O'Connor, SI Archives, Ae.1 Bldg, 28 entities, hundreds of lntersectlons between Sm1thsoman InstilutlOn, Washmg1.on, DC these ent1t1es and over 200 large groups of 20560). data attributes, IS available from Jane Sledge, ArJata e'lement Olctionary for photograpny CollectlOns InformatlOn Svstem Manager, collections is also being circulated bv Da·...·ld Office of Information Resource Management, Clark, Hlstory Computerization ~roJect) Los Sm1thsonum InSt.1tutlOn, WashlnQton Dc Angeles City Historical Society, 24e~·1 Pium,~ 20560, AnyOne thlnkmg of orderlng it should Rd" MalibU CA 90265 The 11st 13 cornpat.1t)"le unoerstand data nOrmall2atlon procedures and with 1'1ARC VM. but does not inclUde all tM data feel comfortable with entity-relationship that could Oe recorded ma MARC re.cord. models e)(pres;>80 through a data dlctlOnarv. Courses on Automated Records & NISO/ISO Common Command Languages Techniques THe SM CommIttee on Automated RecordS ex Peggy Morrison prepared 8 comparison of Techniques has compiled a list of all the the NISO and ISO Common Command Language courses It has sponsoreo on these Issues Slnce proposals for the NISO meetmg In September. 1983 An average of 3 one and two da\! The report lists each NISO command and its worKshops have oeen onere£! eact'l vear t functIOn, eoch ISO commond and its function, dnd then ldentlf1es three areas of dIfferences Rl6 Government Records Project between the two, relatmo to search The Natlonal Historical Publications and qual ification. character mask mg and prox 1m itY Records CommIssion voted at 1ts October ,)Derator~. For anvone followlnQ these meetino to orO'v'ide most of the funds reauested standards this three page summary WIll be a 0'1 RLG-for Its ambItious expansIOn of the valued gift. [CoPies should be available from "seven states proiect", now Galled the NISO. ~·jatlOnallnstitute of Standards & government recordS proJect. The expanded Technoogy, Admln Bldg 10 I, Rm E-106, effort, which will qet underwa\/ ear Iy In Gaithersburg. l"m 20899; (301) 975-2814] 1989, will inclu~NARA, the Georglo HIstOrical Society. the D1str lct of Columb1o and Requirements Study for Rl6 SIX additional states and will emphas1ze the i\rchlves &. Museum InformatIcs nelS slgnea a development of form-of-material/series contract with the Re.search LibrarJes Group to authOrity r'lles and Inter-governmental COnduct an analysis of the requirements for an cooperatlOn ln ldentlfication and ;3Ppralsal of archlVes and museum InformatIOn system and· dlVlded arChIves, dupllcatlVe recordS serIes, dellVer adeslQn document bv October 1989. admimstrativelv diVIded records and records InterJm reports on thestuw will be publlshed documenting parallel funet10ns of state ana II) thl~lournl)l. Federall~encles.

Photogrophy Repository Dato Models

64 Archival Informatics Newsletter vo1.2 #3 receIved an award (rom tne .socletJ of SOFTWARE BR IEFS American Archivists at its annual meeting In Atianta. Clearly my vIew that the product IS madequat.e IS not shared bv all M' NARET by Cactus Software Cactus Software. Inc. (850 Norttl State St.. Visual Thosourus Debuts Chicago, IL 60610; 312-642-8655) has 11ark Rorvig, Director of the Umversltv of released its much awaited collections Texas Prolect ICON ImageSCalmQ Laboratory -.,....I manaqement software package. off1cially is sharing the prototype verSlOn of ahypercard dubbed MINARET. MINARET is described as "a stack desiqned to serve as avlsual thesaurus. ! flexible database w1th word processmg The product. developed by Jeff Sk.aistis of the I features". It imports and exports MARC I laboratory, is described as "a graphical I records but can also support non-11ARC data interface meant to be used as afront-end for and allows new fields and sub-fields to be database searchina, Its malO advantage over aenerated at user d1scretion. It contains a the methods normallY used for searchmg are query and 8 reporting modu'le. and runs on Hs abillty to provide acontrolled vocabulary PC's AdemonstratlOn system. w1th full for searcning and also the vlsual clues it functwna'lity for a -limited number of records, provides for the selection of terms. II The can be obtained from the publisher. The prototype reqUires aMacll with at least 2MB system will be rev1ewed in this journal soon. of memory. a hard card with at least 2.5 MB free, Hypercard 1.2 or later! For additional DBase III Archives Accessioning information or copies contact Mr, Gary Saloff , Alan Bam, of the Smithsoman Institution, Curator of the NASA Visual Archives, for whom Archives 1S offering copies of his DBase III the prototype was developed and who is testing occessioning system and ausers manual to its use (716) 483-2664, or the Project Icon mterested reposltories as soon as the system 15 laboratory, EDB 564, Austin TX r;omplete <. documentation is holding it up now). S.F.Shatespeare Festival uses OM FONTMAX The latest issue of the O&A Quarter Iy The May issue of Research in Word Newsletter from Symantic reports on the use Proc.essing Newsletter (SOuth Dakota SChool of of this off-the-shelf integrated word r-1 ines & Technology I Rapid City SD 57701), processor, file manager, prlntmg system by came With ademonstration disk. for FONTMAX the San Francisco Shakespeare Festival to lor use with Hercules Graphic Card Plus and manaqe membership and development. It 15 Incolor Card. It allows display and printing of interesting to see such inexpensive packages . i scientific characters, multi-lingual character being used successfully, as producer Bobby sets I and numerous fonts in conJ unction with Winston reports. the major word proc~"SOrs, DBase III Plus, Mllltil:llan I Lotlus 123, Framework and OM Cuadra Goes to Europe when used with the HP LaserJet, and numerous Cuadra Associates has announced that Abacus other laser printers. The developers, ISS Software (London) and Sweetens Com puter InternatIOnal Software Systems Inc., claim the Services (Preston. Lancashire) will be product is r.arried by "your local software distributing STAR which was recently installed dealer". If so, it could be worth evaluating. in England at the publishers Oxford University ... Press and Routledge Chapman & Hall and for NICROMARC ANC Version 2.0 BBe TV news and current affairs. The British I Michigan State University has released sales are part of an aggresSive European I' 11icrol"lARC AMC 2.0 and is distributing marketing push launched by the Los Angeles demonstration diskettes to potential buyers. based text retrieval and online database vendor The product was recently reviewed in library which has also begun in-house testing and High Tt?.ch News (March 1988) by Frederick documentation of amajor new release STAR. Michels & Terry Lovegrove (p. 14- 15) and

Fall. 1988 Copyright by Archives & Museum Informatics 65 NOTIS AMC update The NOllS Users Group Newsletter #2, July I Archival Informatics Newsletter is a 1988, edited bv Patricia Cloud. Center for quarterly publicatIOn of ArchIVes & Museum Research Libraries. 6050 S. Kenwood. Informatics, 5600 Northumberland S1., Chicago. IL 60637. reports on avariety of Plttsburgh, PA 15217; (412)-421-4638. difficulties encountered by NOllS AMC users It is edited by David Bearman I whose and on their status In the NOllS problem authorship can be presumed for all items not revIew Queue. The most serIous are the public otherwise attributed. Subscription to the availability and lack of useful retrieval for Archtvol Informottcs Newsletter (ISSN fields 541 and 583. Potential users of NOTIS 0892-2179) is available for $24.00 per may wish to keep track of these developmentss. ye.ar f pre-paid, to U.S, addesses; $30,00 per year, pre- paid to foreign addresses; and EDSI Enhonces Fund-Accounting $40,00 per year billed, worldwide. Executrive Data Systems has released Asubscription to both the Newsletter and its version 4,3 of its Fund Accounting PrlCKage and com pan Ion Quarter ly pUb l1cat Ion f Arch lvoI IS now selling three versIOn of the package at Informotics Technjcol Report (ISSN various prires. Version 3.0. previously sold 0894-0266) is ava1Jable for $160,00 pa. in for $1250. is now marketed at $450. The the U.S.; $180.00 abroad; and will be bil1ed at new, networked version 4.3 with improved no additional charge. I features such as budgeting for SUb-accounts, I. creating aDIF me for aSingle fund or range of IndIvIdual technical reports are available at funds, adding new occounts during transaction $45 each, prepaid; $50 billed, Titles entry, and printing budget amounts and/or currently available include: revenue on Statement of Functional Expenses, is beinQ sold for $850. Afull version of 4.3 o Optical Media for Archives & Museums with Pro)ect Reporting produces detalled proJect reports containing every transaction o COllecting SOftware: ANew Challenge for for every account or SUb-account, revenue and Archives and Museums expense reports for projects on any range of funds of sub-accounts, and project o Functional Requirements of Collections revenue/expense reports showing summary Management Systems data by account for individual or consolidated funds, ranges of funds, or sub-accounts. o AcQuirmg &Implementing Automated Systems Now for Records Monogement System Zasio Enterprises, Inc. of Sunnyvale o Directory of Software for Archives & california has introduced anew product, Museums Versatile, which has features for active records manaqement, records dlsposltlOn, o Smithsonian Seminar on Authority Control records scheduling, inactive records storage, in Archives vital records management and charge back. Versatile operates on PC's and PC networks. o Appraising On line Information Systems I (November '88) Building Interactive Exhibits 0 Functional ReqUirements for Exhibit Clay & WOOO Computer Studios [5506 I ~1anagement Information Systems (Jan. '89) Blackbird. Pleasanton, CA 94566-5336; I . 41 5-426-1220J develops interactive computer based exhibits for museums. They are anXlOUS to demonstrate their expertise to c:u r CItor:s

66 Archival Informatics Newsletter vol.2 #3 Resources &TechmcalServlces DlvlSlOn, ALA, STANDARDS 50 E Huron St., Chic6l~o- , IL 606111- MARC for Visual Materials Offlce Document Arch1tecture The results of the conference held tlv users of At. the ICA Automation Commlttee meeting in the MARC Visual MTj1eril)ls form61 lJ:ls1. f':I11 Pans, and elsewhere, Charles Dollar has have been published by Llnda Evans and presented and Circulated aoraft of apaper ~~aureen O'Brien Will of the ChlCagO Hhtor-lca', wntten bv hlmself and ana Thomas E Weir ,:,;oclety as MARC for Archiyal Visqal Materials' ,Jr , enti1.1etj "Archives Administ.ratlon A. COffloendiurn of Practice, HIB cornpendlUrn Records t1anaqernent and Computer' Dat~ reviews definition of each fielo and flOw 'It Exchange Standards: An Inter'section of tna was used by me institutlons partlcipatinq 1n Proctlces" in whlCh t.he aut.hors review the the conference. Appendixes provide full­ varlOUS standards, draft 3tandards and sample recordS from participating lnstitutlOns proposed standards for document/im!]Qe Clnd and areport on the conference which addresse~, lOformat.ion exchange mcan] unction with their some of the underlying issues. Support for t.ht? role in the life-c'lcle of lOformatlOn. In partlcular', t.hey examine the role of two hlgh publication and meetmg was provided by the NHPRC, so volume is available for free level reference models for standards: the the to ODA/OD IF(Office Document those who send $5 to cover mail and handling costs to the Prints and Photographs . Arc~litectureIOff1Ce Document Int.erchange Department., ChiCago Historical Society. Clark Format) model and the OSI (Open Systems 51.. at North Ave., Chicago, IL 60614. lnte,rconnect.ion) model. The paper put.s a vanety of standards familiar to archivists and COmmon COmmunlcat1ons Format records managers, such as CCITT Group 3 and 4 The General Information Programme of FAX communications, SGML, and MARC, into UNESCO has issued the second edition of t.he cont.ext of these models and serves CIS a CCF: The Common Communication Format. useful introduction to the problem of using emergin9 standards as ameans of controlling (PGI- 88/WS/2, Paris 1988). CCF is a specification to permlt systems desiQners to records 10 the electronic office. Those d~ign mterested mthe issue may also w1sh to consult procedures that can exchange Computer "Data and Document Interchange Standards and f11es. not adescriptive convention. In effect it serves as a bridge between the definition of ISO trle National Archives" l National Archives of canada, Project Report 1-6465, 60pp plus 2709 and the ISBD's, Although it is also not annexes, "lune 1987 (available from ,John intended as avehicle for non-bibliographic McDonald, Director, Automated Infor-mation mformatlon exchange, It is auseful foundation Systems Division, N6tional Archives of canada on which to build towards archives and Ottawa, KlA ON3, CANADA). museum mformation systems. Preservation Actions Termlnology The American Library Associations MY 1n MARC Preservation of library Materials Section ,Along with arevision of the DraWings Pre.'3ervat.1on Program Management Committee, hlerarchy, the AAT distributed news of the decision, by t.he American Library ,.o,ssociation ~Ias developed alist of "Standard Terminology tor VSI1ARC 583" that will be used by MARBI committee, to create anew MARC field preservat.ion officers. Now that 583 has been "Faceted Toplcal Subject Heading" into WhlCh ern~roced PAT and MESH Thesaurus post-coordinated parti,al,lv by the iibrary community, t~rm$ archlVlsts wl11 have the benefits of sharing could be recorded, Rules for use of the conservatlOn and treatment mformation 1f they fleld are being developed, and the AAT staff ~pt the standard. (Copies should be available hOPes to offer aworkshop on t.he use of the f1eld trom Karen 11uHer '. EX8CutlVe Dlrl~ctor, in conjunction with the ARLIS/NA conference

Fall. 1988 Copyright by Archives &Museum Informatics 67 Whitetlead,AAT, 62 Stratton Ro., in Voluntary Standaras Comm1ttees. ,A.n Wmiamst.own. t1A 01267, 413-458-2151]. Ernpir·ir.;al Analysis, Outr:;omes of st.andards deClslon were found to be posltlvelv correlated Standard Museum Facll1ties Report with the financial strengt.hs of the coalition::: The Reglstrars Committee of the AAM, in a supportmg the technolog1es and the extent to bre1:lKthrough th1:lt will affect1:l11 museums and WhlCh they Gontributed to the GommW.ee, bul. arcrnves lrlvolved in exhibitlOns and ioans, has only weal::"Iv related to the market power of ooootoo astandard facilitles report Wh1Ch can firms, and not. correlat.ed w1t.h t.he lnstarled be used m place of all tne separate reports now tJase of the technologl8S bemg debated or the reqUlred by eoctilendinQ inst.it.ution. It. will be nurnber of people attendina the meet.ina,::, ~~or­ available from the AAI1 this fall, and if adopted dO proponents posltlOns aduall\' change when tty lending institutions should greatly reduce they accept the new standF.lrd. so 1t 13 not. t.tte burdens of arrangmg an eXhibH, necessary to conVlnce t.he OPPosltlOn that Ule solut.ion is best, only that it is do-able Coordinating Archival Standards The number of proposals for development of APPM2 Draft Circulated for Comment standards In t.he United States, and the request Draft two of the second edition of Steve by the Description PAO of SAA at its 1987 Hensen's Archives, Personal Papers and meet.ing that the Soc1ety play arole in l"lanuscnpts: Acatalogmg Manual for ArchlVal formu1atina standards, led to the submission of Repos1tories, Hist.Orlca"1 Socleties and aproposal to the NHPRC to fund aworking Manuscnpt Libraries 15 now available tram group of archivists to address how best. to make the Soc1ety of American Archivist.s [600 S the archival VOlce heard m forums m which Federa1St., Suite 504, Chicago, IL 60605, for standards affecting archives are under $17 including h1)ndling). The revised edition development and what criteria to apply to updates the text of the ear lier edition 1n part I, proposals to develop standards for the archival Descnption, and then mtroduces six new community 1tse1f. The proJect, which will be chapters m part II , Headi ngs and Umform co-chmred by Lawrence Dowler (Harvard litles. Appendixes mclude examples of Univers1ty) and Richard Szary (Yale cataloging records, MARC tagging of catalog University), will be staffed part time by records, and atable of MARC field/subfield Victoria Walsh. It will hold an orgamzational eqUivalents. The new material is intended to 1'lnd planning meeting in December to OOJpt a permit the manual to stand alone as an archival procedure for consider1ng proposals for descnption convention but rules 1n MCR2 are standardization presented to it. Followlng that cited by number t.o support the headings for" meeting, t.he group will hold ameeting in the persons, corporate names and geographIC sprmQ to WhlCh mterested parties will be names, for ardent cataloqers. Comment.s are invited to submit ideas for standardization being solicited at this stage for apublication efforts and proposals for cooperative that will doubtless be considered authoritative; involvement of archlVists and others m the speak now or be prepared to hold your peace lJ3velopment of standards, Its final product. for QUlte some t.ime t w1ll be areport on how the profession can best realize its obiectives for standards over the Museum Informution Shuring near future and what roles the SPA can play in· Museum Documentation ASsoclation Annual the realization of these aims. Conference. to be held in 1:lt the University of York, September 14-18, 1989 York, Technology Choice in Voluntary England, will have the theme "Sharing the Standards Committees Information Resources of Museums", For Specialists in stand1:lrdssett.inq will be information, or to particioate. write: MDA, pleased to see 11art.in Weiss' dissertation Building 0.347 Cherry Hinton P.d. ) Cambridge subrfllUed to ttlB Carneg18 r-1ellon Umvers1tv CB 1 4DH, ENGLAND Department. of Engineermg and Public Policy Oct.ober 12. 1988 entit.led Technology Chmce

68 Archival Informatics Newsletter vo1.2 #3