Abbreviations

A1B One of the IPCC SRES scenarios AIS Asociación Colombiana de Ingeniería ABM anti-ballistic missile Sísmica [Colombian Association for AA Auswärtiges Amt [Federal Ministry for Earthquake Engineering] Foreign Affairs, ] AKOM Afet Koordinasyon Merkezi [Istanbul ACOTA African Contingency Operations Training Metropolitan Municipality Disaster Assistance Coordination Centre] ACRS Arms Control and Regional Security AKP Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi [Justice and ACSAD Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones Development Party] and Dry Lands AKUF AG Kriegsursachenforschung [Study Group ACSYS Arctic Climate System Study on the Causes of War] (at ACUNU American Council for the United Nations University) University AL Arab League AD anno domini [after Christ] AMMA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis ADAM Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies: Project Supporting European Climate Policy (EU AMU Arab Maghreb Union funded project) An. 1 Annex 1 countries (under UNFCCC) ADB Asian Development Bank An. B Annex B countries (under Kyoto Protocol) ADRC Asian Disaster Reduction Centre ANAP Anavatan Partisi [Motherland Party] AESI Asociación Española de Ingeniría Sísmica ANU Australian National University [Association for Earthquake Engineering of AOSIS Alliance of Small Island States Spain] AP3A Early Warning and Agricultural Productions AfD African Development Bank Forecasting, project of AGRHYMET AFD Agence Française de Développement APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation AFED Arab Forum on Environment and APHES Assessing Public Health in Emergency Development Situations AFES-PRESS Arbeitsgruppe Friedensforschung und API Annual Population Increase Europäische Sicherheitspolitik – [Peace APIICL Andhra Pradesh (one of 27 States in India) Research and European Security Studies] Industrial and Investment Corporation AFP Agence France Presse (French Press Limited Agency) APN Arab Group for the Protection of Nature AGO Agor Gauchar Oran APN Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change AGRHYMET AGRronomy HYdrology METeorology: Research Regional Centre for training and AR4 Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC application in agrometeorology and released in 2007 operational hydrology ARC Australian Research Council AGRHYMET CILSS body on agronomy, hydrology and ARC American Red Cross meteorology in Niamey (Niger) ARC/INFO (ESRI GIS software) agroBIO- DIVERSITAS Cross-cutting Network on ArcGIS Arc Geographic Information System DIVERSITY relationships between biodiversity and (computer software) agriculture ARIJ Applied Research Institute, Jerusalem AGY Adarsh Gaon Yojana (way towards Gandhi's ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations dream village) ATOL Assembling the Tree of Life (project) AIA Advanced Informed Agreement (in the ATT Arms Trade Treaty context of the Cartagena Protocol on AU African Union Biosafety (2000) to the CBD (1992)) AUS American University of Sharjah AIACC Assessments of Impacts and Adaptations to AYM Afet Yönetim Merkezi [Istanbul Climate Change (in Multiple Regions and Governorship Disaster Management Sectors) Centre] AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIMES IGBP’s Analysis, Integration and Modelling B.U. Boğaziçi University of the Earth System project BADEA Arab Bank for Economic Development in AIP American Institute of Physics Africa BAHC Biospheric Aspects of the Hydrologic Cycle

H.G. Brauch et al. (eds.), Coping with Global Environmental Change, Disasters and Security, Hexagon Series on Human 1505 and Environmental Security and Peace 5, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-17776-7, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 1506 Abbreviations

BAP Budget Allocation Process CBN Central Bank of Nigeria BASIC Brazil, South Africa, India, China CBO community based organization BBC (model developed by) Bogardi, Birkmann CBOL Consortium for the Barcode of Life and Cardona CCA climate change adaptation BCM billion cubic meters (volume unit) CCAD Comisión Centroamericana de Medio BCM/yr billion cubic meters per year (yield or Ambiente y Desarrollo [Central American capacity unit) Commission on Environment and BCPR Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery Development] of UNDP CCAFS (Challenge programme) Climate Change, BECC Border Environment Cooperation Agriculture and Food Security Commission (of NAFTA) CCC Greenhouse scenario simulation model BID Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo [Inter- developed by the Canadian Centre for American Development Bank] Climate BiH Bosnia-Herzegovina CCCCC Caribbean Community’s Center for Climate bio- DIVERSITAS Core Project on assessing and Change DISCOVERY monitoring current biodiversity, and CCEMA Climate Change, Environment and understanding and predicting its change Migration Alliance bioGENESIS DIVERSITAS Core Project on documenting CCIS Climate Change and International Security biodiversity, its diversification, and the CCS Carbon Capture and Storage effects of human-induced changes CCS Consortium of Insurance Compensation bioSUS- DIVERSITAS Core Project on finding ways CD Compact Disc TAINABILITY to support conservation and sustainable use CD Conference on Disarmament of biodiversity CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention BJP Bharatiya Janata Party (national political CDC common-but-differentiated convergence party in India) CDERA Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response BMD Ballistic Missile Defence Agency BMU Bundesministerium für Umwelt, CDM Clean Development Mechanism Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit [Federal CDP Center for Disaster Preparedness Ministry on the Environment, Nature CDRN Citizens’ Disaster Response Network Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Germany] CEC Commission for Environmental BMVg Bundesministerium der Verteidigung Cooperation (of NAFTA) [Federal Ministry of Defence, Germany] CE-DAT Complex Emergency Database BMZ Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftliche CEDAW Committee on the Elimination of Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung [Federal Discrimination against Women Ministry for Economic Cooperation and CEDEAO Communauté Économique des États de Development, Germany] l’Afrique de l’Ouest [Economic Community BOLI Barcode of Life Initiative of West African States] BRIC Brazil, Russia, India, China CEDERI Centro de Estudios sobre Desastres y BSE Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Riesgos (de la Universidad de los Andes, Bt Bacillus turengiensis Bogotá) [Centre of Studies on Disasters and BU Boğaziçi Üniversitesi [Boğaziçi University] Risks, University of the Andes, Bogota, Colombia] C coping CEDIM Center of Disaster Management and Risk C degree of Celsius Reduction Technologies, Karlsruhe ccapita University C&C contraction and convergence CEE/EEC European Economic Community C3 Command, control, communications CEHA Centre for Environmental Health Activities CABI Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences CEN Caribbean Environment Network International CENAPRED Centro Nacional de Prevención de CAMRE Council of Arab Ministers Responsible for Desastres [National Centre for the the Environment Prevention of Disasters, Mexico] CAP Common Agricultural Policy CENTED Centre for Technology, Environment, and CAPMAS Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Development (Clarke University) Statistics CEP Caribbean Environmental Programme CARE Child Care Aware CEPAL Comisión Económica para América Latina y CARICOM Caribbean Common Market el Caribe [Economic Commission for Latin CAS complex adaptive systems America and the Caribbean] CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CEPS Centre for European Policy Studies (think CBMs Confidence Building Measures tank, Brussels, Belgium) Abbreviations 1507

CERDI Centre d’Études et de Recherches sûr le CO2 carbon dioxide Développement International CO2e carbon dioxide equivalent CESR Center for Economic and Social Rights CONABIO Comisión Nacional de la Biodiversidad CEW conflict early warning [National Commission on Biodiversity, CEWARN Conflict Early Warning and Response Mexico] Network CONAM National Environmental Council (Peru) CF2Cl2 Dichlorofluorocarbon CONAPO Consejo Nacional de Población [National CFCl3 Trichlorofluorocarbon Population Council] CFCs chlorofluorocarbons CONAZA Comisión Nacional de Zonas Aridas CFE Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in [National Commission of Arid Zones] Europe (signed on 19 November 1990) Congress party (national political party in India) CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy COP Conference of Parties (of an international (European Union) environmental regime, e.g. of UNFCCC) CGCF Copenhagen Green Climate Fund COWI Consulting Engineers and Planners CGIAR Consultative Group on International (consultancy form, Denmark) Agricultural Research CPACC Caribbean Planning for Adaptation to Global Climate Change CH4 methane CHP Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi [Republican CPCB Central Pollution Control Board People’s Party] CPIA Country Policy and Institutional Assessment CHS Commission on Human Security (World Bank) CI Critical Infrastructure CPTEC Centro de Previsao de Tempo e Estudos CI Continental intercalaire Climaticos (Brazil) CIA Central Intelligence Agency of the United CRED Centre for Research on the Epidemiology States of America of Disasters (Université Catholique de CIBIOGEM Comisión Intersecretarial de Bioseguridad y Louvain, Belgium) Organismos Genéticamente Modificados CRIC Committee for the Review of the [Intersectoral Commission of Biosecurity Implementation (of UNCCD) and Genetic Modified Organisms] CRU Climate Research Unit (University of East CIE Centro de Información Estadística Anglia, UK) [Statistics Information Centre] CSIRO (Australia’s Commonwealth) Scientific and CIEMAT Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Industrial Research Organisation Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Centre CSIS Center for Strategic and International for the Study of Energy, Environment and Studies Technology] CSP Concentrated Solar Power CIL Coal Industries Limited CSSCR Center for Security Studies and Conflict CILSS Comité Permanent inter Etats de Lutte Research Contre Secheresse dans le Sahel [Permanent CST Committee for Science and Technology (of Interstate Committee for Control UNCCD) in the Sahel] CSTO Collective Security Treaty Organization CIMNE Centro Internacional de Métodos CT Continental Terminal Numéricos en Ingeniería (de la UPC, CTBT Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Barcelona) [International Centre of CTF Clean Technology Fund Numerical Methods in Engineering, UPC, CTR Cooperative Threat Reduction Program Barcelona] CUBEC Centro Universitario Europeo per i Beni CIS Commonwealth of Independent States Culturali, Ravello [European University CLAIP Latin American Council on Peace Research Centre for Cultural Heritage] CliC Climate and Cryopshere CVA Capabilities and Vulnerability Analysis CLIVAR Climate Variability and Predictability CWD Coarse woody debris cm centimetre (length unit) CZM Coastal Zone Management CM Coupled Modelling cm/yr centimetre per year (velocity unit) d day CMP Conference of Member Parties to the Kyoto D/CEW Disaster and Conflict Early Warning Protocol D3E (Centre for Development, Economy, CNA Comisión Nacional del Agua [National Ecology and Equity, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Commission for Water, Mexico] established by the World Social Forum) CNA Center for Naval Analysis DAC Development Assistance Committee CNAS Center for a New American Security DALY Disability Adjusted Life Years CNRS Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) 1508 Abbreviations

DANE Departamento Administrativo Nacional de DLR Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Estadística [National Administrative Raumfahrt [German Aerospace Departmentt of Statistics] Establishment] DASK Doal Afet Sigorta Kurumu [Turkish DM Disaster Mitigation Catastrophe Insurance Pool] DMI Disaster Mitigation Institute DCB Delhi Cantonment Board DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid DCS Department of Census and Statistics DNAs Designated National Authorities DDA Delhi Development Authority DNPAD Dirección Nacional de Prevención y DDC Drylands Development Centre (of UNDP) Atención de Desastres (Colombia) DDP Dryland Development Paradigm [National Directorate of Disaster DDPG Draft Defense Planning Guidance Prevention and Attention] DDR Disarmament, Demobilization and DoD Department of Defense Reintegration DPAD Dirección para la Prevención y Atención de DDT Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane Desastres (del Ministerio del Interior, DEHAP Demokratik Halk Partisi (Democratic Bogotá) [Disaster Prevention and Attention People’s Party) Directorate of Interior Ministry, Bogota, DEM digital elevation model Colombia] DEP Demokrasi Partisi (Democracy Party) DPG Defense Planning Guidance DESA Department of Economic and Social Affairs DPJ Democratic Party of Japan (United Nations) DPT Devlet Planlama Tekilat [Turkey’s State DESD Decade of Education for Sustainable Planning Organization] Development DRC Desert Research Center () DESERTEC (Concept for generating electricity in the DRC Democratic Republic of Congo deserts of the MENA region) DRF Debt Reduction Facility DEW disaster early warning DRI Disaster Risk Index DEWA Division of Early Warning and Assessment DRM disaster risk management (UNEP) DRR disaster risk reduction DFID Department for International Development DRU Disaster Response Unit (UK) DSAs Debt Sustainability Analyses DFO Dartmouth Flood Observatory DSP Demokratik Sol Parti [Democratic Left DG Directorate General (European Party] Commission) DSSAT Decision Support System for DG Relex Directorate General, External Relations Agrotechnology Transfer (European Commission) DTP Demokratik Toplum Partisi [Democratic DHA Department of Humanitarian Affairs Society Party] DHI Danish Hydrological Institute (Denmark) DYP Doru Yol Partisi [True Path Party] DHS Department of Homeland Security DIAPER Permanent Diagnosis (project of E. Coli Escheriquia Coli AGRHYMET) EAC East Africa Community Diconsa Distribuidora e Impulsora Comercial EACHFOR (EU-funded research project on forced Conasupo [Commercial Distribution and migration) Promotion of Conasupo] (a governmental EAS Eastern Aquifer System commercial body for food distribution for EAW European Arrest Warrant marginal people) EC European Community DIHMA Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y EC European Commission Medio Ambiente (Universidad Politécnica ECHAM4 (atmospheric general circulation model by de Valencia) [Department of Hydraulic the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Engineering and Environment, Polytechnic Hamburg, Germany) University of Valencia] ECHO European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid Dii Desertec Industrial Initiative Office DIS Data and Information Service ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America DIVERSITAS (international research programme on and the Caribbean biodiversity science) ecoHEALTH (DIVERSITAS Cross-cutting Network on DJB Delhi Jal Board relationships between plant and animal DJF December, January, February (northern biodiversity and (re)emergence of infectious hemisphere winter season) diseases and the consequences for wild DLDD Desertification, Land Degradation and biodiversity and human societies) Drought ECOMICI ECOWAS Mission in Cote d’Ivoire Abbreviations 1509

ECOMOG Economic Community of West African ERN Evaluación de Riesgos Naturales States’ Monitoring Group (Consorcio de Ingenieros Consultores) ecoSERVICES (DIVERSITAS Core Project on relationships [Bogotá Natural Risk Evaluation, between biodiversity and ecosystem Consortium of Engineering Consultants] functioning and services) ERT Emergency Response Team ECOSOC Economic and Social Council (United ESA Earth System Analysis Nations) ESDP European Security and Defence Policy ECOWAS Economic Community of West African ESF European Science Foundation States ESG Earth System Governance EDI Economic Diversification Index ESI Environmental Sustainability Index EDRI (Urban) Earthquake Disaster Risk Index ESS European Security Strategy EEA European ESS Earth System Science EEC European Economic Community ESSIC Earth System Science Interdisciplinary EEI equal emissions improvement per GDP Center (University of Maryland, USA) EEOC Equal Employment Opportunity ESSP Earth System Science Partnership Commission ET emissions trading EERI Earthquake Engineering Research Institute ETA Euskadi Ta Askatasuna [Bask Land and EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone Liberty] EFP European foreign policy ETC (Action Group on) Erosion, Technology EGTT Expert Group on Technology Transfer and Concentration EHCAM5 Max Planck Institut für Meteorologie, ETH-Zurich Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule model version 5 Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of EHS Institute for Environment and Human Technology Zurich) Security (United Nations University) ETS emission trading system EIA environmental impact assessment EU European Union EIB European Investment Bank EU-MENA European Union – Middle East and North EM(-)DAT Emergency Disasters Database (of the Africa Centre for the Epidemiology of Disasters of EuroMed European-Mediterranean Catholic University of Lovain, Brussels) EMP European-Mediterranean Partnership EMAA Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement EVI Environmental Vulnerability Index EMCCF Euro-Mediterranean Climate Change EVI Economic Vulnerability Index Framework EMI Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative ffunction of EMP Euro-Mediterranean Partnership FAO Food and Agricultural Organization (United EMS European Macro-Seismic Scale Nations) EMS Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome FCPF Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (World EMSA European Maritime Safety Agency Bank) ENAC Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático FDA Food and Drug Administration (USA) [National Strategy on Climate Change] FDI Foreign Direct Investment ENCOP Environment and Conflicts Project FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency ENN Environmental News Network (USA) ENP European Neighbourhood Policy FER Force, Event, Response Diagram ENSEMBLES Ensemble-based predictions of climate FHS Friends of Human Security changes and their impacts (a European FIRST Facts on International Relations and Commission-funded project developed to Security Trends quantify the uncertainty in long-term FIVIMS Food Insecurity and Vulnerability predictions of climate change) Information and Mapping Systems ENSO El Niño-Southern Oscillation FMCT Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty ENVSEC Environment Security Initiative (OSCE, FMHUD Federal Ministry of Housing and Urban UNEP, UNDP, NATO) Development (Nigeria) EOL Encyclopedia of Life FoE Friends of the Earth EOLSS Encyclopaedia of Life Support Systems FOEME Friends of the Earth Middle East (UNESCO) FOGAR Forum of Global Associations of Regions EPA Environment Protection Agency (USA) freshwaterBIO- (DIVERSITAS Cross-cutting Network on EPB Environmental Protection Bureaus DIVERSITY freshwater biodiversity) EPI Environmental Performance Index FRIEND Flow Regimes from International EQA Environmental Quality Authority Experimental and Network Data ERC Environmental Research Centre FSI Failed States Index FSU former Soviet Union 1510 Abbreviations

FY fiscal year GLADA Global Assessment of Land Degradation and Improvement G20 Group of twenty (most important industrial GLASOD Global Assessment of Human Induced Soil and threshold states) Degradation G77 Group of 77 (developing countries) GLOBEC Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics G-8 Group of eight (major industrialized GLOCHA- Global Change in Mountain Regions countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, MORE Programme Japan, Russia, UK, US) GLOWA Globaler Wandel des Wasserkreislaufs GAIM Global Analysis, Integration, and Modelling [Global Change of the Water Cycle] GAP project Güneydou Anadolu Projesi [Southeastern GLP Global Land Project (IHDP research Anatolian Irrigation Development Project] project) GAR Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk GM Global Mechanism (UNCCD) Reduction (2009) GM Genetically modified GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GMBA Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment GCA Global Climate Action GmbH [limited liability company] GCAS Gaza Coastal Aquifer System GMEF Global Ministerial Environment Forum GCC Gulf Cooperation Council GMEI Greater Middle East Initiative GCC global climate change GMFA Greece Ministry of Foreign Affairs GCCA Global Climate Change Alliance GMOs Genetically Modified Organisms GCIM Global Commission on International GMP Global Mediterranean Policy Migration GMP Genetically modified products GCM global circulation model GNI Gross National Income GCOS Global Climate Observing System GNP Gross National Product GCP Global Carbon Project (ESSP project) GOE Government of Egypt GCTE Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems GOESS Geostationary Operational Environmental GDP Gross Domestic Product Satellite System GEC Global Environmental Change GOI Government of India GECAFS Global Environmental Change and Food GOOS Global Ocean Observing System Systems (ESSP project) GRAVITY Global Risk and Vulnerability Index GECHH Global Environmental Change and Human GRC Gulf Research Center Health GRID Global Resource Information Database GECHS Global Environmental Change and Human Security GSPC Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat [Salafist Group for Preaching and GEF Global Environment Facility Combat] GEHSHA Global Environmental and Human Security GTI Global Taxonomy Initiative Handbook for the Anthropocene GTOS Global Terrestrial Observing System GEI Gender Equity Index GTZ Gesellschaft für Technische GEI Green Economy Initiative Zusammenarbeit [German Agency for GEO Global Environmental Outlook (UNEP) Technical Cooperation] GEO BON Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity GUH Geomorphologic Unit Hydrograph Observation Network GURT Genetic use restriction technologies GEWEX Global Energy and Water and Experiment GVA Gross Value Added GFDL CM2.0 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, GWES Groundwater for Emergency Situations Model version CM2.0 GWh giga watt hour GFDL-R30 Greenhouse scenario simulation model GWMDFZ Gulf Weapons of Mass Destruction Free MODEL (developed by NOAA’s Geophysical Fluid Zone Dynamics Laboratory) GWP Global Water Partnership GFDLT (one of the Global Circulation Models) GWP global warming potential GGAVATT Grupo Ganadero para la Validación y Transferencia de Tecnología [Livestock GWSP Global Water System Project (ESSP) producers group for transferring and H hazard validating technology] HadCM3 (climate change scenario of the Hadley GHG greenhouse gas models Centre in the UK) GHI Global Hunger Index HADEP Halkin Demokrasi Partisi [People’s GINI (index on income inequality of UNEP) Democracy Party] GIS Geographic Information System HADGEM1 Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and GISP Global Invasive Species Programme Research, Model version GEM1 GISPRI Global Industrial and Social Progress HAZUS Hazard United States Loss Estimation Tool Research Institute Abbreviations 1511

HBF Heinrich Boell Foundation ICACGP International Commission on Atmospheric HBS Harvard Business School Chemistry and Global Pollution HCFCs Hydrochlorofluorocarbons ICARDA International Center for Agricultural HDI Human Development Index Research in the Dry Areas HDP Human Dimension of Global ICBM Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Environmental Change Programme ICG International Crisis Group HDR Human Development Report ICJ International Court of Justice HDRI Hurricane Disaster Risk Index ICL Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction HELCOM Helsinki Convention on the Protection of (Toronto/, Canada) the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea ICNND International Commission for Nuclear HELP Hydrology for Environment, Life and Policy Nonproliferation and Disarmament HEP Halkin Emek Partisi [People’s Labour Party] ICPAC IGAD’s Climate Prediction and Assessment HFA Hyogo Framework for Action Center HFCs hydrofluorocarbons ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross HH His Highness ICRG International Country Risk Guide HHI Harvard Humanitarian Initiative ICSU International Council for Science HHWS Heat Health Warning Systems ICSU-IGFA International Council for Science - HIES Household Income and Expenditure Survey International Group of Funding Agencies for Global Change Research HIIK Heidelberg Institute für Internationale Konfliktforschung [Heidelberg Institute for ICT Information and Communications International Conflict Research Heidelberg Technology University, Germany] ICTP International Centre for Theoretical Physics HIPC Heavily Indebted Poor Countries ICWC Interstate Commission for Water HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coordination HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus – Acquired ICZM Integrated Coastal Zone Management Immunodeficiency Syndrome ID Institutional Discrimination HP Historical (or Mandate) Palestine IDA International Development Association HRH His Royal Highness IDB Inter-American Development Bank HRW Human Rights Watch IDEA Instituto de Estudios Ambientales (de la HSN Human Security Network UNC, Manizales) [Institute of Environmental Studies] HUGE human, gender, and environmental security (concept developed by Úrsula Oswald IDEAM Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Spring) Estudios Ambientales [Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and HVDC high-voltage direct currents Environmental Studies] HVRI Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute IDGEC Institutional Dimensions of Global (USA) Environmental Change (IHDP research I=PAT formula Impact = Population – Affluence – project) Technology IDNDR International Decade for Natural Disaster IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency Reduction (United Nations) IAI Inter-American Institute (for Global Change IDP Internally Displaced Persons Research) IDRC International Development Research IAI Inter-American Institute (for Weather Center Change) IDS Institute of Development Studies IAM Integrated Assessment Modelling (University of Sussex, UK) IAP Initial action plan IDSA Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses IARU International Alliance of Research IDSC International Decision Support Center Universities IEA International Energy Agency IAS Iullemeden Aquifer System (project) IEA Instituto de Estadística de Andalucía IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee [Andalusia Statistics Institute] IASFM International Association for the Study of IEG Independent Evaluation Group (World Forced Migration Bank) IAV Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability IEMP Istanbul Earthquake Master Plan IBA Important Bird Area IETS International Emissions Trading Schemes IBB Istanbul Büyük ehir Belediyesi [Istanbul IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Metropolitan Municipality] Development ICAC International Global Atmospheric IFAS International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea Chemistry IFI International Financial Institution IFI International Flood Initiative 1512 Abbreviations

IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute INEGI Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía (Washington, D.C.) e Informática [National Institute for IFRC International Federation of the Red Cross Statistics, Geography and Informatics] IFRC-RCS International Federation of the Red Cross – INF Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate- Red Crescent Societies range and Shorter-range Nuclear Forces IGAD Inter-Governmental Authority on INGO international nongovernmental Development organizations IGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere INI International Nitrogen Initiative Programme INIFAP Instituto nacional de Investigaciones IGC Interim Governing Council Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias [National IGC Intergovernmental Committee (on Research Institute for Forestry, Agriculture Intellectual Property and Genetic and Animal Science, Mexico] Resources, Traditional Knowledge and INR Indian National Rupee Folklore) INUAMA Institute of Water and Environment, IGCP International Geosciences Programme University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain IGES Institute for Global Environmental INVEMAR Institutos de Investigaciones Marítimas y Strategies Costeras de Colombia [Colombia’s IGFA International Group of Funding Agencies National Institute of Maritime and Coastal for Global Change Research Research] IGME Geological and Mining Institute of Spain INVS Institut de Veille Sanitaire IGO international governmental organizations IOC Intergovernmental Oceanographic IHD Index of Human Development Commission IHDP International Human Dimensions IOM International Organization for Migration Programme on Global Environmental IP Ionides Plan Change IPAT Impact, Population, Affluence, Technology IHDW International Human Dimensions IPBES Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform Workshops on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services IHL International Humanitarian Law IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate IHP International Hydrologic Programme Change project IPCC -TGICA Intergovernmental Panel on Climate IIASA International Institute for Applied Systems Change - Task Group on Data and Scenario Analysis (Laxenburg, Austria) Support for Impact and Climate IIFFMCO - CEIG Independent International Fact- Assessment Finding Mission on the Conflict in Georgia IPCRI Israel-Palestine Center for Research and IISS International Institute for Strategic Studies Information iLEAPS Integrated Land Ecosystem-Atmosphere IPICYT Instituto Potosino de Investigación Processes Study Científica y Tecnológica, Mexico ILO International Labour Organization IPO International Project Office ILZ Interdisciplinary Latin America Center, IPOGEA Research Centre on Local and Traditional University of Bonn, Germany Knowledge IMA Israeli Ministry of Agriculture IPR Intellectual Property Rights IMBER Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and IPRA International Peace Research Association Ecosystem Research IPU Inter-Parliamentary Union IMF International Monetary Fund IR Incidence rate IMM Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality IRDR Integrated Research on Disaster Risk IMN Instituto Meteorológico Nacional [National IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency Institute of Meteorology] IRG Integrated Risk Governance IMoSEB International Mechanism of Scientific IRI International Research Institute for Climate Expertise on Biodiversity and Society INC Initial National Communication IRIN Integrated Regional Information Networks INC Instituto Nacional de Colonización IRS Integrated Regional Study [National Colonization Institute] IRSW internal renewable surface water IncReps Incident Reports ISA International Studies Association INE Instituto Nacional de Estadística [National ISAAA International Service for the Acquisition of Institute of Statistics of Spain] Agri-Biotech Applications INEC Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos ISAF International Security Assistance Force (in [National Institute of Statistics and Census] ) ISBR International Society for Biosafety Research ISCC integrated solar combined cycle Abbreviations 1513

ISDR International Strategy for Disaster JWC Joint Water Committee Reduction (United Nations) ISFH Institut für Friedensforschung und KBR Subsidiary of the Transnational Halliburton Sicherheitspolitik an der Universität KFOR Kosovo Force Hamburg [Institute for Peace Research and KfW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (German Security Studies at the University Hamburg] Public Development Bank) ISI Institute for Scientific Information KHK Kanun Hukmunde Kararname [Decree] ISO International Standardization Organization KIMA Egyptian Chemical Industries (company) ISRIC International Soil Reference and KP Kyoto Protocol Information Centre kwh kilo-watt-hour (electricity consumption unit) ISS Institute for Security Studies (Pretoria, South Africa; Nairobi, Kenya) llitre ISSC International Social Science Council l/c/d Litre per capita (person) per day ISW Israeli Segregation Wall l/h litre per hour (flow velocity unit) IT Information Technology l/s litre per second (flow velocity unit) IT Industrial Transformation (IHDP Research LA RED Red de Estudios Sociales en Prevención de Project) Desastres en América Latina [Latin ITCP Integrated Territorial Climate Plans American Network of Social Studies on ITDG Intermediate Technology Development Disaster Prevention] Group LAS League of Arab States IUBS International Union of Biological Sciences LASEPA Lagos State Environmental Protection IUCN International Union for the Conservation Agency (Nigeria) of Nature (World Conservation Union) LCA Life Cycle Assessment IUED Institut Universitaire d’Etudes du LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund Développement [Institute for Development (UNFCCC) Studies, University of Geneva] LDCs less developed countries IUGS International Union of Geological Sciences LDP Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) IUMS International Union of Microbiological LEWS Livestock Early Warning System Societies LGA Local Government Areas (Nigeria) IWHR Institute of Water Resources and LICs Low-income countries Hydropower Research (Beijing, PRC) LICUS Low-Income Countries Under Stress IWRM Integrated Water Resource Management LINKS Local and Indigenous Knowledge Systems IWTC International Water Technology Conference LMO Living Modified Organisms IYDD International Year of Deserts and LOICZ Land Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Desertification (UNCCD) Zone Project (IHDP research project) IYPE International Year of Planet Earth lpcd litres per capita per day IZIIS Institute of Earthquake Engineering and LSE London School of Economics and Political Engineering Seismology (Skopje, Former Science (London, UK) Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) LTMs Long Term Missions (OSCE) LTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam JBF Jal Bhagirathi Foundation (Jodhpur, India) LUCC Land-Use and Land-Cover Change (research JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff (USA) project of IHDP and IGBP) JDEC Jerusalem District Electricity Company LULUC land use and land use change JGOFS Joint Global Ocean Flux Study LURD Liberians United for Reconciliation and JHA Justice and Home Affairs Democracy JI Joint Implementation LVI Livelihood Vulnerability Index JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LVI Local Vulnerability Index JJ Jhuggi Jhompri JJA June, July, August (northern hemisphere m3 cubic metre summer season) m3/yr cubic metre per year (consumption unit) JMCC Jerusalem Media and Communication MA Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Center MAB Man and the Biosphere Programme JP Joint Programme on Climate Change Risk (UNESCO) Management (Egypt) MAB Mountain Aquifer Basin JRB Jordan River Basin MAC marginal abatement costs JP Johnston Plan MACC Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate JRC Joint Research Centre (European Change Commission) MAD Mutual Assured Destruction JSC Joint Scientific Committee 1514 Abbreviations

MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and MLF Montreal Protocol on Substances that Fisheries Deplete the Ozone Layer MAIRS Monsoon Asia Integrated Regional Study mm millimetre (length unit) (ESSP) mm/yr millimetre per year (velocity unit) MAM March, April, May MMA National Ministry of Environment (in 2008 MARM National Ministry of Rural and Marine changed to MARM National Ministry of Environment Rural and Marine Environment) MASSOB Movement for the Actualization of the MMO Mediterranean Migration Observatory Sovereign State of Biafra (Panteion University, Athens) MAVDT Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y MMR Maternal Mortality Ratio Desarrollo Territorial (de Colombia) MMTS Multi Modal Transportation System [Ministry of Environment, Housing and MNC multinational corporations Territorial Development] MNE multinational enterprises 14/3 14/3 MC NATO’s Military Committee Document MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging 1967 ( ) Spectroradiometer 48 MC NATO’s Military Committee Document 48 MOE Ministry of Environment (Japan) (strategy of flexible response, 1957) MoEnv Ministry of Environment MCD Municipal Corporation of Delhi MOFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan) MCH Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad MoH Ministry of Health MCM million cubic metres MOP Meeting of Parties (of Kyoto Protocol) mcm/yr million cubic metres per year MOSOP Movement for the Survival of Ogoni People MD Millennium Development MOST Management of Social Transformations MDGs Millennium Development Goals Programme MDRI Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative MPCI Mouvement Patriotique de Cote d’Ivoire ME Middle East [Patriotic Movement of Ivory Coast] MEA Millennium Ecosystem Assessment MPI Max Planck Institute MEAs Multilateral Environmental Agreements MPIGO Mouvement Populaire Ivorie du Grand MEDA Mediterranean Economic Development Ouest [Ivorian Popular Movement of the Assistance Great West] MEDENER Mediterranean Association of National MRF MunichRe Foundation Energy Agencies MRF Chair Munich Re Foundation’s Chair on Social MED-EUWI Mediterranean-European Water Initiative Vulnerability MEDREC Mediterranean Renewable Energy Centre MRU Mano River Union MEDSEC Mediterranean Security Initiative MS member states (European Union) MEDU Co-ordinating Unit for the Mediterranean MSC Mediation and Security Council Action Plan (UNEP) MSP Mediterranean Solar Plan MEH-SEC Mediterranean Environmental and Human MST Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Security Initiative Terra [Brazil's Landless Rural Workers' MENA Middle East and North Africa Movement] MEND Movement for the Emancipation of the Mt megatonne Niger Delta Mtce million tons of coal equivalent MEPI Middle East Partnership Initiative MTI Marine Trophic Index MERIP Middle East Research and Information MunichRe Munich Reinsurance Company Project MWR Ministry of Water Resources METI Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry MWRI Ministry for Water Resources and Irrigation (Japan) (Egpt) MEWS Malaria Early Warning System MEXT Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, NA North Africa Science and Technology N, P, K nitrogen, phosphor, potassium MFDC Movement of Democratic Forces of N2O nitrous oxide Casamance NAAEC North American Agreement on MGD million gallons per day Environmental Cooperation Mha millions of hectares NAFDAC Nigerian National Food, Drug MHP Milliyetci Hareket Partisi [Nationalist Administration and Control Action Party] NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement MICs Middle-income countries (USA, Canada, Mexico) MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology NAMAs National Appropriate Mitigation Actions MJP Ivory Coast Patriotic Movement NAP National Action Plans (UNCCD) MLD million litres per day NAPAs National Adaptation Plans of Action Abbreviations 1515

NAPs National Allocation Plans NSC 162/2 National Security Council Paper No. 162/2 NAPs national action programmes (New Look, Eisenhower administration, NARCCAP North American Regional Climate Change 1953) Assessment Program NSC-68 National Security Council Paper No. 68 (US NASA National Aeronautics and Space Grand Strategy of Containment, 1950) Administration NSDD National Security Decision Directive (USA) NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NSS National Security Strategy (USA) NBC nuclear, biological and chemical (weapons, NTR Nagar Nandamuri Taraka Ramarao Nagar (Name threat) of the former Chief Minister of Andhra NBI Nile Basin Initiative Pradesh from Telugu Desam Party) NC National Communications NUDP National Urban Development Policy NCCCC National Coordination Committee for (Nigeria) Climate Change NWC Northwestern coast NCCR/NS National Centre for Competence in NWSAS North-Western Sahara Aquifer System Research, North-South (Switzerland) NCDHR National Campaign for Dalit Human Rights O3 ozone NCLR National Council of la Raza OAPEC Organization for Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries NCT National Capital Territory OAS Organization of American States NCZ North Coastal Zone (Egypt) OAU Organization of African Unity NDMC National Disaster Management Centre OCHA Office for the Coordination of NDMC New Delhi Municipal Corporation Humanitarian Affairs N-EAS North-Eastern Aquifer System ODA Official Development Assistance NEDO New Energy and Industrial Technology OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation Development Organization (Japan) and Development NEHRP National Earthquake Hazards Reduction OFDA Office of United States Foreign Disaster Programme Assistance NELSAP Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action OFDA-USAID Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance - Programme United States Agency for International NEMA National Emergency Management Agency Development (Nigeria) OMC Observation and Monitoring Centre NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development OME Mediterranean Energy Observatory NGDC National Geophysical Data Center OPC Oduduwa Peoples Congress NGO non-governmental organization OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting NIBS National Institute for Building Sciences Countries NIC National Intelligence Council (CIA, USA) OPOCE Office for Official Publications of the NIES National Institute of Environmental Studies European Communities NIS New Israeli Shekel (currency unit) OPT Occupied Palestinian Territory NISER Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic ORR Outer Ring Road Research OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation NMP New Mediterranean Policy in Europe NMS National Military Strategy OSE Observatory for the Sustainability of Spain NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Oslo II Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the Administration West Bank and Gaza Strip NODW National Office for Drinking Water OSS Observatoire du Sahel et du Sahara [Sahara NPC National People’s Congress and Sahel Observatory], Tunis, Tunisia NPC National Population Commission (Nigeria) OSSO Observatorio Sismológico del Sur- NPFL National Patriotic Front of Liberia Occidente [Seismologic Observatory of the NPR Nuclear Posture Review (USA) South-West] NPT Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1967) Oxfam Oxford Committee for Famine Relief NPV Net present value NRC National Research Council (USA) PA Palestinian Authority NRG4SD Network of Regional Governments for PACD Plan of Action to Combat Desertification Sustainable Development PAGES Past Global Changes NRM natural resource management PAN National Action Programmes NSC national security concept of People’s PAND National Action Plan Against Republic of China Desertification PAR pressure and release model 1516 Abbreviations

PASSIA Palestinian Academic Society for the Study PRIO International Peace Research Institute Oslo of International Affairs PROCAMPO Programa de Apoyos Directos al Campo PBM partnership building measure [National programme of direct finantial PBP partnership building project support to farmers, Mexico] PCAs Partnership and Cooperation Agreements PRSPs Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (European Union) PSA Plataforma Solar de Almeria PCASED Programme for Coordination and PSC Political and Security Committee Assistance for Security and Development PSIDS Pacific Small Island Developing States PCBS Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics PSIS Programme for Strategic and International PD Presidential Decision Security Studies PD Privatdozent [German academic title at the PSP private sector participation professorial level with no functional PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder equivalent in English] PUB Proje Uygulama Birimi [Project Implication PD, UNDESA Population Division, United Nations Unit], Prime Ministry Ankara Department of Economic and Social PV Photovoltaic Affairs PVI Prevalent Vulnerability Index PDD Plans de Développement Durable PWA Palestinian Water Authority PDSI Palmer Drought Severity Index PECC Programas Especiales de Cambio Climático QDR Quadrennial Defense Review Report (USA) [Special Programmes for Climate Change] QERLOs Quantified emission reduction and PEI Poverty and Environment Initiative limitation objectives PEISOR pressure, effect, impact, societal outcome QUMP Quantifying Uncertainty in Model and response model Predictions PEN Public Electricity Network PFCs perfluorocarbons Rrisk PFLP Popular Front for the Liberalization of R&D research & development Palestine R=H+V risk as hazard + vulnerability PHG Palestinian Hydrology Group R=PxL. risk as the product of probability and loss PIK Potsdam Institute of Climate Change RA rapid appraisal Impact Research RAND Research and Development (think tank, PIV Predictive Indicators of Vulnerability funded by USAF) PKK Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan [Kurdistan RBO River Basin Organization Workers’ Party] RCCS Regional Climate Centres PLO Palestine National Organization RCM regional (climate) circulation model PM5 Processing Modflow (version 5) RCOFs Regional Climate Outlook Forum PMC private military company RCREEE Regional Centre for Renewable Energies PMH Palestinian Ministry of Health and Energy Efficiency PNA Palestinian National Authority REC Regional Economic Community PNC Palestine National Council REG Regional Electricity Grid PNOA National Plan of Aerial Ortophotography RES Renewable Energy Sources PNUD Programa de Las Naciones Unidas Para el RET Renewable Energy Technologies Desarrollo [UNDP] Rlce resilience PNUMA Programa de Las Naciones Unidas Para el RNA ribonucleic acid Medio Ambiente [UNEP] RP Refah Partisi [Welfare Party] PPD Projected Population Difference RPG Refugee Policy Group ppm parts per million Rs Sri Lanka Rupees PPP purchasing power parity RSDSC Red Sea-Dead Sea Conveyance PPRD Prevention, Preparedness and Response to RSS Royal Scientific Society, Jordan Natural and Man-made Disasters Rtce resistance Programme RUF Revolutionary United Front PRA participatory rural appraisal RUF/SL Revolutionary United Front of Sierra Leone PRB Population Reference Bureau RUW renewable underground water PRC People’s Republic of China RWA Resident’s Welfare Association PRE poverty-reducing expenditures PRECIS Providing Regional Climates for Impacts SAGARPA Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Studies (modified Version of the Met Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación Office Hadley Centre RCM) [Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural PRIF (HSFK) Peace Research Institute Frankfurt Development, Fisheries and Food] (Germany) SALWs Small Arms and Light Weapons Abbreviations 1517

SAP Structural Adjustment Programme situational awareness within NATO SAR Second Assessment Report (IPCC, 1995/ Headquarters 1996) SitReps Situation Reports SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SIWI Stockholm International Water Institute SAS Servicio Andaluz de Salud [Andalusia SL Sustainable Livelihood Health Service] SLM sustainable land management SAS Studiengruppe Alternative Sicherheitspolitik SLR sea-level rise [Study Group on Alternative Security Policy] SNC Second National Communication SASS Système Aquifère du Sahara Septentrional SOEs state owned enterprises [North-Western Sahara Aquifer System SOLAS Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (NWSAS)] SOPAC South Pacific Applied Geoscience SBSTA Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Commission Technological Advice (UNFCCC) SOPEMI International Migration Outlook (OECD) SBSTTA Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical SoVI Social Vulnerability (to Environmental and Technological Advice (CBD) Hazards) Index (for the US) SC, ST Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes SPARC Stratospheric Processes and their Role in (marginalized groups) Climate SCCF Special Climate Change Fund SPI Standardized Precipitation Index SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organization SPS Science for Peace and Security (NATO) SCOPE Scientific Committee on Problems of the SPS Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary Agreements Environment SQL Structured Query Language SCOR Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research SRAP Sub-regional Action Programme for West SD sustainable development Asia SDC Swiss Agency for Development and SRAP/WA Sub-Regional Action Programme to Combat Cooperation Desertification in West Africa and Chad SDI Sustainable Development Index SRES Special Report on Emission Scenarios SD-PAMs sustainable development policies and (IPCC, 2000) measures START Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty SDPJ Socialist Democratic Party of Japan START (ESSP’s global change) SysTem for Analysis, SDWW Women and Development Service Research, and Training SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SU Soviet Union SEDESOL Secretaria de Desarrollo Social [Ministery SUMAMAD Sustainable Management of Marginal of Social Development, Mexico] Drylands SEMARNAT – Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos SV social vulnerability INE Naturales – Instituto Nacional de Ecología SVA Social Vulnerability to Climate Change for [Ministry of Environment and Natural Africa Resources – National Institute of Ecology] SwissRe Swiss Reinsurance Company SEMARNAT Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales [Ministry of Environment and T.C. Turkish Republic Natural Resources, Mexico] TACC Territorial Approach to Climate Change SENA Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje de TAFREN Task Force for Rebuilding the Nation Colombia [National Service of Training] TAR Third Assessment Report (IPCC, 2001) SEPA State Environmental Protection TAY Türkiye Afet Yönetimi [Turkish Emergency Administration Management Directorate] SET Strategic Energy Technology TBT Technical Barriers to Trade (in the SF6 sulphur hexafluoride framework of WTO) SGBV Sexual gender–based violence TCIP Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool SHG Self help groups TDH Technical Documents in Hydrology SIDS Small Island Developing States TDP Telugu Desam Party (Regional party of SIGMEA Sustainable Introduction of GMOs into Andhra Prades based on the regional European Agriculture (EU funded research language Telugu spoken in Andhra Pradesh) project) TDS total dissolved solids SIPRI Stockholm International Peace Research TEEB The Economics of Ecosystems and Institute Biodiversity SIS Devlet Planlama Teskilati [Turkey’s State TEN Trans-European Networks Institute of Statistics] TERI The Energy and Resources Institute (New SITCEN Situation Centre (intelligence organization Delhi, India) of the EU or central agency for providing TGG Think GlobalGreen THC thermohaline circulation 1518 Abbreviations

THORPEX long-term research programme organized UNAM Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México under the World Meteorological [National Autonomous University of Organization’s World Weather Research Mexico] TIM Territoriality Identity and Migration UNAMSIL United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (Movement) UNC Universidad Nacional de Colombia TMMOB SPO Türkiye Sehir Planclar Odas [Turkish [National University of Colombia] Chamber of Planners] UNCBD United Nations Convention on Biological TNE transnational enterprises Diversity TOGA Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat TREC Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Energy Desertification Cooperation UNCDP United Nations Committee for TRIPS Treaty on Intellectual Property Rights Development Planning (of UN; later TRW total renewable water renamed the Committee for Development TUIK Türkiye statistik Kurumu [Turkish Statistical Policy) Institute] UNCDP United Nations Committee for TUSIAD Türk Sanayicileri ve adamalar Dernei Development Policy [Turkish Industrialist’s and Businessmen’s UNCED United Nations Conference on the Association] Environment and Development TWO Transboundary Waters Opportunity UNCOD UN Conference on Desertification Analysis UNCRD United Nations Centre for Regional Development U.S. United States of America UNCSD UN Commission on Sustainable UAE United Arab Emirates Development UAV unmanned aerial vehicle UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and UC – Irvine University of California, Irvine Development UCDP Uppsala Conflict Data Program UNDDA UN Department for Disarmament Affairs UCJR Upper Catchment of Jordan River UNDESA United Nations Department of Economic UCL University College London and Social Affairs UCL Université Catholique de Louvain [Catholic UNDP United Nations Development Programme University of Louvain] UNDP-BCPR UNDP Bureau for Crisis Prevention and UfM Union for the Mediterranean Recovery UFW unaccounted for water UNDPKO UN Department of Peacekeeping UGEC Urbanization and Global Environmental Operation Change (IHDP research project) UNDRO United Nations Disaster Relief UK Organization UKCP09 United Kingdom Climate Projections 2009 UNECA United Nations Economic Commission for UKMO United Kingdom Meteorological Office Africa UMA Union du Maghreb Arabe UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UN United Nations UNEP-MAP United Nations Environment Programme - Mediterranean Action Plan UN GA UN General Assembly UNEP-WCMC UNEP – World Conservation Monitoring UN HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements Centre Programme UNESCAP United Nations Economic and Social UN ISDR UN ISDR Science and Technology Commission for Asia and the Pacific S&TC Committee UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and UN ISDR UN International Strategy for Disaster Cultural Organization Reduction UNESCO- United Nations Educational Scientific and UN MSC UN Military Staff Committee WWAP Cultural Organization – World Water UN SC UN Security Council Assessment Programme UN SG UN Secretary-General UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on UN(-)DHA United Nations Department of Climate Change Humanitarian Affairs UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UN(-)ISDR United Nations International Strategy for UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Disaster Reduction Refugees UN(-)SG United Nations Secretary-General UNIANDES Universidad de los Andes [Bogotá UN/ISDR UN International Strategy for Disaster University of the Andes] Reduction UN-IANGWE United Nations Inter-Agency Network on UN/ISDR- UN International Strategy for Disaster Women and Gender Equality PPEW Reduction – Platform for the Promotion of Early Warning Abbreviations 1519

UNICEF United Nations International Children’s USNEMA United States National Emergency Emergency Fund Management Agency UNISDR United Nations International Strategy for USSR Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics Disaster Reduction UV ultra-violet UNITWIN University Twinning and Networking Scheme Network Vvulnerability UNO United Nations Organization VA vulnerability assessment UNOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination VAB Valor Añadido Bruto [Gross Added Value] of Humanitarian Affairs VCA vulnerability and capacity assessment UNOOSA United Nations Office for Outer Space VLPVP very large scale photo voltaic power Affairs VRA Virtual Research Associates UNOWA United Nations Office for West Africa UNPD United Nations Population Division WANA West Asia and North Africa UN-REDD United Nations Collaborative Programme WANSA West African Action Network on Small on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation Arms and Forest Degradation in Developing WAS Western Aquifer System Countries WaSH MP Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Monitoring UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency Program for Palestine Refugee in the Near East WB World Bank UNSC United Nations Security Council WBGU Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der UNSCO United Nations Special Coordinator for the Bundesregierung Globale Middle East Peace Process Umweltveränderungen [German Advisory UNSCOP United Nations Special Committee on Council on Global Change] Palestine WCC World Climate Conference UNSCR United Nations Security Council Resolution WCDR World Conference on Disaster Reduction UNSG United Nations, Secretary-General WCP World Climate Programme UNSO United Nations Sahelo-Sudanian Office WCRP World Climate Research Programme UN-SPIDER United Nations Platform for Space-based WCRP-CMIP3 WCRP’s Coupled Model Intercomparison Information for Disaster Management and Project Emergency Response WDR World Disaster Report UNTFHS United Nations Trust Fund for Human WEQ wind erosion equation Security WESI Water and Environmental Studies Institute UNU United Nations University WEU Western European Union UNU-EHS United Nations University, Institute for WFP United Nations World Food Programme Environment and Human Security WFUNA World Federation of UN Associations UNU-INWEH United Nations University, Institute for WG II Working Group II (IPCC) Water, Environment and Health WGC West Ghor Canal UNU-WIDER United Nations University – World Institute WGCM Working Group on Coupled Modelling for Development Economics Research (WCRP) UNV United Nations Volunteers WGI, IPCC Working Group I (Intergovernmental Panel UPC Technical University of Catalonia, on Climate Change) Barcelona [Universidad Politécnica de WHO World Health Organization Cataluña, Barcelona] WIMEK Wageningen Institute for Environment and US cent/kwh US cent per kilo-watt-hour Climate Research US DoD U.S. Department of Defense WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization US United States WMD Weapons of Mass Destruction USA United States of America WMO World Meteorological Organization USACE US Army Corps of Engineers WOCE World Ocean Circulation Experiment USAF United States Air Force WRAP Water Resources Action Program USAID United States Agency for International WRC Water Research Center Development WRI World Resources Institute US-CCIS United States, Climate Change and WRM Water Resources Management International Security WSSD World Summit on Sustainable Development USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture WTO World Trade Organization US-EPA United States, Environment Protection WUA water user association Agency WVR World Vulnerability Report USGS United States Geological Survey WWAP World Water Development Report USLE Universal Soil Loss Equation WWF World Water Forum 1520 Abbreviations

WWF World Wildlife Fund (in US only) WWS Woodrow Wilson School WWF World Wide Fund for Nature WWTPs Wastewater treatment plants WWI World War I WWRP World Weather Research Programme ZOPA Zone of Possible Agreement Bibliography

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Editors

Hans Günter Brauch (Germany): Dr. phil. habil, Adj. Prof. 1992; Vol. 3: Military Alternatives for Europe after the Cold (Privatdozent) at the Faculty of Political Science and Social War, 1993; (co-ed. with H.J. v.d. Graaf, J. Grin; W. Smit): Sciences, Free University of Berlin; since 2005 senior fellow Controlling the Development and Spread of Military Tech- at the Institute for Environment and Human Security of nology, 1992; (co-ed. with A. Marquina): Confidence Build- the United Nations University (UNU-EHS) in Bonn; since ing and Partnership in the Western Mediterranean. Tasks 1987 chairman of Peace Research and European Security for Preventive Diplomacy and Conflict Avoidance, 1994; Studies (AFES-PRESS). He is the editor of the Hexagon author of Energy Policy in North Africa (1950–2050). From Book Series on Human and Environmental Security and Hydrocarbon to Renewables, 1997; (co-ed. with A. Mar- Peace (HESP) with Springer-Verlag. He was guest professor quina; A. Biad): Euro-Mediterranean Partnership for the of international relations at the universities of Frankfurt on 21st Century, 2000; (co-ed. with A. Marquina): Political Main, Leipzig and Greifswald and at the teachers training Stability and Energy Cooperation in the Mediterranean college in Erfurt. From 1976–1989 he was research associ- (2000); Liberalisation of the Energy Market for Electricity ate at Heidelberg and Stuttgart universities, a research fel- and Gas in the European Union: A Survey and implications low at Harvard and Stanford University and he was also for the Czech Republic, 2002; (co-ed. with P. Liotta, A. teaching at the universities of Darmstadt, Tübingen, Stutt- Marquina, P. Rogers, M. Selim): Security and Environ- gart and Heidelberg. In 2010 he is teaching at the Free Uni- ment in the Mediterranean. Conceptualising Security and versity of Berlin, at SciencePo (Paris), the European Peace Environmental Conflicts, 2003; Environmental Dimension University (EPU, Schlaining, Austria), the National Autono- of Human Security: Freedom from Hazard Impact, 2005; mous University of Mexico (UNAM) and at the Institute of Threats, Challenges, Vulnerabilities and Risks in Environ- Occidental Studies, National University of Malaysia mental and Human Security, 2005; (co-ed. with Ú. (UKM), Malaysia. Oswald Spring, C. Mesjasz, J. Grin, P. Dunay, N. Chadha Publications: He has published 72 books, studies and Behera, B. Chourou, P. Kameri-Mbote, P.H. Liotta): Glo- research reports, 144 book chapters, more than 81 articles balization and Environmental Challenges: Reconceptualiz- 21st 2008 in journals on security, armament, climate, energy and ing Security in the Century, ; (co-ed. with Ú. migration policies and on Mediterranean issues in English Oswald Spring, J. Grin, C. Mesjasz, P. Kameri-Mbote, N. and German; 21 book chapters and journal articles were Chadha Behera, B. Chourou, H. Krummenacher): Facing published in 10 other languages, in Spanish, Greek, French, Global Environmental Change: Environmental, Human, 2009 in Danish, Finnish, Russian, Japanese, Portuguese, Ser- Energy, Food, Health and Water Security Concepts ( ); bocroatian and in Turkish and more than 130 internet pub- (co-ed. with Ú. Oswald Spring): Reconceptualizar la Seguri- 2009 lications of keynote speeches and conference presentations dad en el Siglo XXI ( ); (co-author with Ú. Oswald in German, English and Spanish. His monographs include: Spring: Securitizing the Ground – Grounding Security and (co-author with H. v.d. Graaf, J. Grin, W. Smit): Militär- of Seguritizar la Tierra – Aterrizar la Seguridad (Bonn: 2009 technikfolgenabschätzung und präventive Rüstungskon- UNCCD, ); (guest co-edit. with Ú. Oswald Spring and trolle, 1997; Klimapolitik der Schwellenstaaten Südkorea, M. Aydin of a special issue of: Uluslararasi Iliskiler/Inter- 5 18 Mexiko und Brasilien; Osterweiterung der Europäischen national Relations, , , Summer Special Issue on “Secu- 2009 Union. Umwelt- und Energiepolitik der Tschechischen rity” ( ): (co-edit. with Ú. Oswald Spring, C. Tsarda- 7 3 Republik, 2000. Books in English: (co-ed. with D.L. Clark): nidis and Y. Kinnas: Greek translations of chapters, vol. : Decisionmaking for Arms Limitation - Assessments and Globalization and Environmental Challenges, in: Agora, 2010 Prospects, 1983; (ed.): Star Wars and European Defence - Spring ; (co-edit. with Ú. Oswald Spring, C. Tsarda- 4 Implications for Europe: Perceptions and Assessments, nidis and Y. Kinnas): Greek translations of chapters, vol. : 1987; (co-author with R. Bulkeley): The Anti-Ballistic Missile Facing Global Environmental Change, in: Agora, Summer 2010 Treaty and World Security, 1988; (ed.): Military Tech- ; Climate Change and Mediterranean Security: Inter- nology, Armaments Dynamics and Disarmament, 1989; national, National, Environmental and Human Security 21st (co-ed. with R. Kennedy): Alternative Conventional Impacts for the Euro-Mediterranean Region during the 9 Defense Postures in the European Theater, Vol. 1: The Mili- Century - Proposals and Perspectives. Papers IEMed No. 2010 tary Balance and Domestic Constraints, 1990; Vol. 2: Polit- (Barcelona: IEMed, ). ical Change in Europe: Military Strategy and Technology, 1712 Editors

Address: PD Dr. Hans Günter Brauch, Alte Bergsteige 47, en el Alto Balsas (México, D.F.: IGF, CRIM/UNAM, 74821 Mosbach, Germany. 2003); (Ed.): Soberanía y Desarrollo Regional. El México Email: . que queremos (México, D.F.: UNAM, 2003); (ed.): Website: and . nas y minorías (México, D.F.: CLAIP, IPRA & Böll Funda- tion, COLTLAX, 2004); El valor del agua: una visión soci- Úrsula Oswald Spring (Mexico), full time Professor/Re- oeconómica de un Conflicto Ambiental (COLTLAX, searcher at the National University of Mexico (UNAM) in CONACYT, 2005); (ed.): International Security, Peace, De- the Regional Multidisciplinary Research Center (CRIM), velopment, and Environment, Book 39: Encyclopaedia on national coordinator of water research for the National Life Support Systems (Paris: UNESCO - EOLSS, UK, on- Council of Science and Technology (RETAC-CONACYT), line); Gender and Disasters (Bonn: UNU-EHS, 2008); (co- and first MunichRe Foundation Chair on Social Vulnerabil- ed. with H.G. Brauch, C. Mesjasz, J. Grin, P. Dunay, N. ity at the United National University Institute for Environ- Chadha Behera, B. Chourou, P. Kameri-Mbote, P.H. Liot- ment and Human Security (UNU-EHS) for 2005-2009. She ta): Globalization and Environmental Challenges: Recon- was the founding Secretary General of El Colegio de Tlax- ceptualizing Security in the 21 st Century, 2008; (co-ed. cala; General Attorney of Ecology in the State of Morelos with H.G. Brauch, J. Grin, C. Mesjasz, P. Kameri-Mbote, (1992-1994) and National Delegate of the Federal General N. Chadha Behera, B. Chourou, H. Krummenacher): Fac- Attorney of Environment from 1994-1995. As Minister of ing Global Environmental Change: Environmental, Hu- Ecological Development in the State of Morelos (1994- man, Energy, Food, Health and Water Security Concepts 1998) she planted over 30 million trees, promoted environ- (2009); (co-ed. with H.G. Brauch): Reconceptualizar la Seg- mental education from childhood on and produced drink- uridad en el Siglo XXI (2009); (co-author with H.G. ing water for the whole population with a reduction of 65% Brauch: Securitizing the Ground – Grounding Security in infant mortality due to water-born illnesses. Between and: Seguritizar la Tierra - Aterrizar la Seguridad (Bonn: 1998 and 2000, she was President of the International UNCCD, 2009); (guest co-edit. with H.G. Brauch and M. Peace Research Association (IPRA) and later General Secre- Aydin of a special issue of: Uluslararasi Iliskiler / Interna- tary of the Latin-American Council for Peace Research tional Relations, 5,18, Summer Special Issue on “Security” (2002-2006). She studied medicine, clinical psychology, an- (2009): (co-edit. with H.G. Brauch, C. Tsardanidis and Y. thropology, ecology, classical and modern languages and Kinnas: Greek translations of 7 chapters, vol. 3: Globaliza- obtained her Ph.D from the University of Zürich (1978). tion and Environmental Challenges, in: Agora, Spring For her scientific work she received the Price Sor Juana 2010; (co-edit. with H.G. Brauch, C. Tsardanidis and Y. Inés de la Cruz (2005), the Environmental Merit in Tlaxca- Kinnas): Greek translations of chapters, vol. 4: Facing Glo- la, Mexico (2005, 2006); the Price of Development of the bal Environmental Change, in: Agora, Summer 2010; (co- UN in Geneva. She was recognized as Women Academic in author with I. Sánchez et al., 2010): “Forced migration due UNAM (1990 and 2000); and Women of the Year (2000). to climate change”; in: Journal of International Migration; She works on nonviolence and sustainable agriculture with (co-authored with F. Flores et al.): Migración Forzada, Se- groups of peasants and women and is the representative for quía, Género y Vulnerabilidad Social (Cuernavaca: CRIM- Latin American of Diverse Women for Diversity. She has DGAPA-UNAM); (co-ed. with I. Sánchez et al.): Investi- written 45 books and more than 328 scientific articles and gación del agua en México (Cuernavaca: CRIM-UNAM- book chapters on sustainability, water, gender, develop- CONACYT); (ed.): Water Research in Mexico. Scarcity, ment, poverty, drug consumption, brain damage due to un- Degradation, Stress, Conflicts, Management, and Policy dernourishment, peasantry, social vulnerability, genetic (Berlin: Springer, 2011). modified organisms, bioethics and human, gender and en- vironmental security, peace and conflict resolution, democ- Address: Prof. Dr. Úrsula Oswald Spring, Centro Regional racy and conflict negotiation. Among her major publica- de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias UNAM Av. Universi- 2 tions are: (co-author with R. Strahm): Why we are so poor? dad s/n Circuito , Colonia Chamilpa. Cuernavaca, Mor. 62210 (translated into 17 languages, 1.5 million copies); Unterent- México. wicklung als Folge von Abhängigkeit (Bern: Lang, 1978); Email: and . 1979); Piedras en el Surco (México, D.F.: UAM-X, 1983); Website: . los Ejidos Colectivos de los Valles del Yaqui y Mayo, una Czeslaw Mesjasz (Poland): Dr. habil., Associate Professor, Salida a la Cultura de la Pobreza (México, D.F.: UAM-X, Faculty of Management, Cracow University of Economics, 1986 ); Estrategias de Supervivencia en la Ciudad de Cracow, Poland. His research interests include applications 1991 México (Cuernavaca: CRIM/UNAM, ); Fuenteovejuna of systems approach in management and in international 1999 o Caos Ecológico (Cuernavaca: CRIM/UNAM, ); relations, game theory, conflict resolution and negotiation, (ed.): Peace Studies from a Global Perspective: Human corporate governance and the links between economics, fi- Needs in a Cooperative World (New Delhi: Mbooks, nance and security. In 1992-1996 he was the convener of the 2000 ); (co-author with M. Salinas): Gestión de Paz, Defence and Disarmament Commission of IPRA (Interna- Democracia y Seguridad en América Latina (México, D.F.: tional Peace Research Association). In 1991-1992 he received 2002 UNAM-CRIM/Coltlax, Böll, ); (ed.): El recurso agua a NATO Democratic Institutions Fellowship. In 1992-1993 Biographies of Contributors 1713 he was a Visiting Research Fellow at the Centre for Peace and he published (co-authored with Jan Rotmans, Johan and Conflict Research in Copenhagen (later COPRI). He Schot: Transitions to Sustainable Development. New Di- published some 180 works – two books in Polish, papers rections in the Study of Long term Structural Change and book chapters in Polish and in English on management (New York: Routledge, 2010). Earlier books include: Mili- and international security. His major works in the fields as- tary-technological choices and political implications. Com- sociated with peace and security studies are: “Applications mand and control in established NATO posture and a of Systems Modelling in Peace Research”, in: Journal of non-provocative defence (Amsterdam: VU University Press - Peace Research, 25,3, 1988; “Eastern Post-Cold War Peace New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1990); (co-ed. with Wim A. Dividend: A Preliminary Typology of Components”, in: Smit, Lev Voronkov): Military-technological innovation Møller, Bjørn; Voronkov, Lev (Eds.): Defence Doctrines and stability in a changing world. Politically assessing and and Conversion (Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1996): 123-133; influencing weapon innovation and military research and “Reorganization of Commercial Debt: Negotiations be- development (Amsterdam: VU University Press, 1992); (co- tween Poland and the London Club (1981-1994)”, in: Kre- ed. with Hans Günter Brauch, Henny van der Graaf, Wim menyuk, Victor A.; Sjöstedt, Gunnar (Eds.): International Smit): Controlling the Development and Spread of Military Economic Negotiation: Models versus Reality (Chelten- Technology (Amsterdam: VU University Press, 1992); (co- ham: Elgar, 2000): 149-174; “Economic and Financial Glo- author with Hans Günter Brauch, Henk van de Graaf, Wim balisation: Its Consequences for Security in the Early 21st Smit): Militärtechnikfolgenabschätzung und Präventive Century”, in: Brauch, H.G; Liotta, P.H.; Marquina, A.; Rog- Rüstungskontrolle. Institutionen, Verfahren und Instru- ers, P. F.; El-Sayed Selim, M. (Eds): Security and Environ- mente (Münster: LIT, 1997); (co-author with Henk van de ment in the Mediterranean. Conceptualising Security and Graaf, Rob Hoppe): Technology assessment through inter- Environmental Conflicts (Berlin - Heidelberg - New York: action: A guide (Den Haag: SDU, 1997); (co-ed. with Springer, 2003): 289-300; (co-author with Rogowski, Woj- Armin Grunwald): Vision Assessment: Shaping Technology ciech): “A Survey of Definitions of Financial Stability”, in: in 21st century society. Towards a repertoire for Technolo- Mieczyslaw, Dobija; Martin Susan (Eds.): General Account- gy Assessment (Heidelberg: Springer, 2000); (co-ed. with ing Theory. Towards Balanced Development (Cracow: Cra- Wytske Versteeg and Maarten Hajer): Meervoudige de- cow University of Economics, 2005): 437-465; (co-ed. with mocratie – ervaringen met vernieuwend bestuur (Amster- H.G. Brauch, Ú. Oswald Spring, J. Grin, P. Dunay, N. dam: Aksant, 2006) and (co-author with Arienne van Stav- Chadha Behera, B. Chourou, P. Kameri-Mbote, P.H. Liotta, eren) Werken aan systeeminnovaties (Assen: van Grocum, 2008): Globalization and Environmental Challenges: 2007); (co-ed. with H.G. Brauch, U. Oswald Spring, C. Reconceptualizing Security in the 21st Century; (co-ed. Mesjasz, P. Dunay, N. Chadha Behera, B. Chourou, P. with H.G. Brauch, Ú. Oswald Spring, J. Grin, P. Kameri- Kameri-Mbote, P.H. Liotta, 2008): Globalization and Envi- Mbote, N. Chadha Behera, B. Chourou, H. Krummenach- ronmental Challenges: Reconceptualizing Security in the er, 2009): Facing Global Environmental Change: Environ- 21st Century (Heidelberg – Berlin: Springer); (co-ed. with mental, Human, Energy, Food, Health and Water Security H.G. Brauch, Ú. Oswald Spring, C. Mesjasz, P. Kameri- Concepts; “Complexity of Social Systems”, in: Acta Physica Mbote, N. Chadha Behera, B. Chourou, H. Krummen- Polonica A, 4, 117 (2010). acher, 2009): Facing Global Environmental Change: Envi- Address: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Czeslaw Mesjasz, Cracow Univer- ronmental, Human, Energy, Food, Health and Water Secu- sity of Economics, Pl-31-510 Kraków, ul Rakowicka 27, rity Concepts (Heidelberg – Berlin: Springer). Poland. Address: Prof. Dr. John Grin, Dept. of Political Science, Email: . University of Amsterdam, OZ Achterburgwal 237, 1012 DL Website: , and . html>. Website: and at: . John Grin (Netherlands) is Professor at the Department of Political Science of the University of Amsterdam. A physi- Patricia Kameri-Mbote (Kenya), Professor of Law at Strath- cist by training, his main interest throughout his career has more University in Nairobi Law and programme director been political judgment of and governance over socio-tech- for Africa, International Environmental Law Research nological development, empirically focusing on military Centre (IELRC), Nairobi. She studied law at the University technology and security policy; agriculture, water manage- of Nairobi, the University of Warwick, the University of ment and biomedical technology. He co-established and is Zimbabwe and pursued her doctoral studies at Stanford co-director of the transdisciplinary Dutch Knowledge Net- Law School, Stanford University. She is currently also an ad- work for System Innovations and Transitions (KSI; vocate of the High Court of Kenya. She has also taught in- ), in which some hundred researchers ternational environmental law at the University of Kansas. of ten different universities co-operate on major changes to- She is a member of the IUCN Commission on Environ- wards a sustainable society. From 2006–2009, he was scien- mental Law, a board member of the Advocates Coalition tific director of the Amsterdam School for Social science for Development and Environment (ACODE-Uganda) and Research (ASSR; at: ). He co-edited special Women and Law in East Africa (WLEA). She has consult- issues of the journals Policy Sciences (vol 43[2009] no. 4) ed for many international and national agencies including and Research Policy (vol. 39 [2010] no. 4) on transitions, the World Bank, United Nations Environment Programme 1714 Editors

(UNEP), United Nations Development Programme (UN- Dass and Rada Ivekovic (eds.): Terror, Terrorism, States & DP), the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Societies - A Historical and Philosophical Approach (Delhi, the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation India: Women Unlimited – Kali for Women, 2009); co-ed. (NORAD) and the government of Kenya. She is also the Af- with H.G. Brauch, Ú. Oswald Spring, J. Grin, C. Mesjasz, rica Editor of the Law, Environment and Development P. Kameri-Mbote, N. Chadha Behera, H. Krummenacher: Journal (LEAD Journal), a peer-reviewed academic journal Facing Global Environmental Change: Environmental, Hu- jointly published by IELRC and SOAS. She is also a mem- man, Energy, Food, Health and Water Security Concepts ber of the Editorial Board of the peer reviewed Journal of (2009) co-ed. with H.G. Brauch, Ú. Oswald Spring, C. Global Environmental Politics (GEP) and a member of the Mesjasz, J .Grin, P. Dunay, N. Chadha Behera, P Kameri- advisory board of the Journal of Human Rights and the Mbote, P.H. Liotta: Globalization and Environmental Environment and the East African Journal of Peace and Challenges: Reconceptualizing Security in the 21 st Centu- Human Rights. She has published widely in the areas of in- ry, 2008; Promoting Human Security: Ethical, Normative ternational law, environmental law, women’s rights and and Educational Frameworks for the Arab States (Paris: property rights. Her research interests include public inter- UNESCO, 2005), “The Challenge of Democracy in North national law, environment and natural resources law and Africa”, in: Democratisation, 9/1 (Spring 2002): 17-39; policy, human rights, women’s rights, intellectual property “Mediterranean Relations: A Southern Perspective”, in: Fo- rights, biotechnology policy and law and economic law. reign Service Journal: 24-30; “The (Ire)relevance of Security Among her major publications are: (co-author with C.O. Issues in Euro-Mediterranean Relations”, Zürcher Beiträge, Okidi & Migai Akech.) Environmental Governance in No. 61: 57-74; “Security Partnership and Democratisation: Kenya: Implementing the Framework Law, East African Perception of the Activities of Northern Security Institu- Education Publishers, Nairobi (2008); (co-author with N. tions in the South”, in: H.G. Brauch, A. Marquina, A. Biad Chalifour et al.): Land Use for Sustainable Development (Eds.), Euro-Mediterranean Partnership for the 21st Centu- (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007); Property ry (London: Macmillan, 2000). Rights and Biodiversity Management in Kenya (Nairobi: Address: Prof. Dr. Béchir Chourou, 12 Avenue 7 Novem- 2002 ACTS Press, ); The Making of a Framework Environ- bre, 1164 Hammam-Chatt, Tunisia. 2001 mental Law in Kenya (Nairobi: ACTS Press, ); (co-au- E-mail: . thor with C.O. Okidi): Coming to Life: Biotechnology in African Economic Recovery (1994); (co-author with Cale- Pál Dunay (Hungary) is Faculty Member, Geneva Centre stous Juma and John Mugabe): “Towards a Liability and Re- for Security Policy. He was teaching at the International dress System under the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: A Law Department of Loránd Eötvös University in Budapest Review of the Kenya National Legal System”, in: East Afri- between 1982 and 1996 as assistant and later associate pro- can Law Journal (2004); “Gender Dimensions of Law, Co- fessor. Between 1994 and 1996 he was also deputy director lonialism and Inheritance in East Africa: Kenyan Women’s of the Hungarian Institute of International Affairs. Between Experiences”, in: VRÜ - Verfassung und Recht in Übersee – 1996 and 2004 he was director of the International Train- Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America (2002); ing Course in Security Policy at the Geneva Centre for Se- (co-ed. with H.G. Brauch, Ú. Oswald Spring, C. Mesjasz, J. curity Policy (GCSP). Between 2004 and early 2007 he was Grin, P. Dunay, N. Chadha Behera, B. Chourou, P.H. Liot- senior researcher at the Stockholm International Peace Re- ta): Globalization and Environmental Challenges: Recon- search Institute (SIPRI). He was director of the Hungarian ceptualizing Security in the 21st Centur (Berlin – Heidelberg Institute of International Affairs in 2007. Later in 2007 he – New York: Springer-Verlag, 2008); Environmental Gov- returned to the Geneva Centre for Security Policy where he ernance in Kenya: Implementating the Framework of Law has been director of the International Training Course in (Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers, 2008); (co- Security Policy. Since the beginning of 2010 he has also ed. with H.G. Brauch, Ú. Oswald Spring, J. Grin, C. Mes- been Head of the International Security Programme at the jasz, N. Chadha Behera, B. Chourou, H. Krummenacher): GCSP. Since 2008 he also teaches international relations at Facing Global Environmental Change: Environmental, Hu- the Social Science Faculty of Loránd Eötvös University in man, Energy, Food, Health and Water Security Concepts Budapest. His recent publications include: (co-author with (2009). Alyson J. K. Bailes, Pan Guang and Mikhail Troitsky), The SIPRI Policy Paper 17 Address: Prof. Dr. Patricia Kameri-Mbote, International Shanghai Cooperation Organization. (May 2007); The OSCE in Crisis. Chaillot Paper 88 (April Environmental Law Research Centre, Kenya Office, PO 2006 Box 2394 KNH, 00202 Nairobi, Kenya. ); (Co-author with Marton Krasznai, Hartwig Spitzer, Rafael Wiemker and William Wynne), Email: . Open Skies: A Coop- Website: . erative Approach to Military Transparency and Confidence Building (2004); (Co-author with Wolfgang Zellner), Un- Béchir Chourou (Tunisia): Ph.D. in Political Science from garns Aussenpolitik 1990-1997: Zwischen Westintegration, Northwestern University (USA). He has taught political sci- Nachbarschafts- und Minderheitenpolitik (1998); (co-ed. ence and international relations at various universities in with H.G. Brauch, Ú. Oswald Spring, C. Mesjasz, J .Grin, the United States, Europe and Tunisia, and is currently di- N. Chadha Behera, P Kameri-Mbote, P.H. Liotta): Globali- rector of the University of Tunis-Carthage in Tunisia. zation and Environmental Challenges: Reconceptualizing Among his recent publications: “Human Security As a Security in the 21 st Century, 2008; Means To End All Forms of Terrorism”, in: Samir Kumar Biographies of Contributors 1715

Address: Dr. Pál Dunay, Geneva Centre for Security Policy, Avenue de la Paix 7bis, P.O.Box 1295, CH-1211 Geneva 1, Switzerland. E-mail: . Website: . Jörn Birkmann (Germany): Dr.-Ing. habil, is Academic Of- ficer and Head of the ‘Vulnerability Assessment, Risk Man- agement and Adaptive Planning Section’ at the United Na- tions University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS). He is also Adj. Prof. (Privatdozent) at the Department of Geography at the University of Bonn. He holds a PhD in spatial planning from Dortmund Univer- sity as well as a license as an urban planner. He has broad working experience in the field of vulnerability, sustainable development and environmental assessment, being special- ized in the area of the development of assessment method- ologies and indicators to estimate and evaluate different so- cio-economic trends at the sub-national, local and household scale. Furthermore, he is a specialist in adaptive urban and spatial planning and an IPCC Lead Author for the special report Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disas- ters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. His work ex- perience encompasses research activities and lectures around the globe, for example in Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Vietnam, UK and Mexico. He is a full member of the Academy of Spatial Research and Planning (ARL). His latest edited book is: Measuring vulnerability to hazards of natural ori- gin. Towards disaster resilient societies (Tokyo – New York: United Nations University Press, 2006). Between 2005 and 2010 he published more than 12 peer-reviewed articles on issues related to global environmental change, natural haz- ards, disasters risk reduction, vulnerability and socio-ecolog- ical crises. Address: PD Dr.-Ing. Jörn Birkmann, UN Campus, Her- mann-Ehlers Str. 10, 53111 Bonn, Germany. Email: . Website: . 1716 Authors of Forewords and Preface Essays

Authors of Forewords and Preface Essays

Achim Steiner (Germany) is Executive Director of the Unit- Nairobi, Kenya. ed Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Under- Email: Nick Nuttall, Spokesperson, Office of the Executive Secretary General of the United Nations. Following the Director . nomination by the Secretary-General, the General Assem- Website: . bly, on 16 March 2006, elected Mr. Steiner unanimously as UNEP’s fifth Executive Director for a four-year term. He Konrad Osterwalder (Switzerland) has been the fifth Rec- was re-elected for a second term to commence on 15 June tor of the United Nations University and Under-Secretary- General of the United Nations since 1 September 2007. He 2010. Prior he was the Director-General of IUCN – the World Conservation Union – the world’s largest environ- was born in Frauenfeld, Thurgau, Switzerland in 1942. He mental network with over 1,000 members including states, studied at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Eid- genössische Technische Hochschule; ETH) in Zürich, where government agencies, and non-governmental organizations 1965 1970 in 140 countries. He has worked both at the grass-roots lev- he earned a diploma ( ) and a doctorate ( ) in theo- el and at the highest levels of international policymaking to retical physics. After one year with the Courant Institute of he accepted a address the interface between environmental sustainability, Mathematical Sciences, New York University, research position at Harvard University in 1971, where he social equity, and economic development. His professional was promoted to assistant professor in 1973 and associate career has included assignments with governmental and professor in 1976. In 1977, he returned to Switzerland as a non-governmental, as well as international organizations in full professor of mathematical physics at ETH Zürich. He different parts of the world. In Washington, where he was served as head of the ETH Department of Mathematics Senior Policy Adviser of the IUCN Global Policy Unit, he (1986–1990); in 1995, he was appointed rector of ETH, a led the development of new partnerships between the envi- post he held for 12 years. From November 2006 through ronment community and the World Bank and United Na- August 2007, he served concurrently as ETH president pro tions system. In South-East Asia, he worked as Chief Tech- tempore. He has served as vice president of the Conference nical Adviser on a programme for sustainable management of Rectors of Swiss Universities, chair of the University of Mekong River watersheds and community-based natural Council of Darmstadt University and as president of the resources management. In 1998, he was appointed Secre- Conference of European Schools of Advanced Engineering tary-General of the World Commission on Dams, based in Education and Research. His research focused on the math- South Africa, where he managed a global programme of ematical structure of relativistic quantum field theory as work to bring together the public sector, civil society, and well as on elementary particle physics and statistical me- the private sector in a global policy process on dams and chanics. During his career, he has been a visiting fellow or development. In 2001, he was appointed Director-General guest professor at several prominent universities around the of the World Conservation Union, one of the most influen- world, including the tial and highly respected organizations in the field of con- Institute des Hautes Études Scienti- (IHES; Bures-sur-Yvette, France), Harvard University, servation, environment and natural resources management. fiques the University of Texas (Austin), the Max Planck Institute As Chief Executive, he has held responsibility for the man- for Physics and Astrophysics (Munich), Università La Sa- agement and oversight of 1,000 staff located in 42 coun- pienza (Rome), Università di Napoli, Gakushuin University, tries, implementing the Union’s global work programme. and the Weizmann Institute of Science (Rehovot, Israel). His professional track record in the fields of sustainable de- He was a fellow of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (1974– velopment policy and environmental management, his 1978) and is a member of the Swiss Academy of Technical firsthand knowledge of civil society, governmental and in- Sciences. He serves as a member of the Executive Commit- ternational organizations, as well as his global experience tee of the Club of Rome, holds an honorary degree from spanning five continents make him an excellent choice to the Helsinki Technical University, and is an honorary mem- lead the United Nations Environment Programme. Mr. ber of Riga Technical University. He has made contribu- Steiner was born in Brazil in 1961 where he lived for 10 tions to quantum field theory. In 1973, jointly with Robert years. His educational background includes a Bachelor of Schrader, he formulated a mathematical foundation of the Arts from the University of Oxford, as well as a Master of Euclidean formulation of quantum field theory proving Arts from the University of London with specialization in equivalence with the relativistic formulation. See: Osterwal- development economics, regional planning, and interna- der, Schrader, 1973: “Axioms for Euclidean Greens Func- tional development and environment policy. He also stud- tions”, in; , part ied at the German Development Institute in Berlin, as well Communications in Mathematical Physics 1, vol. 31: 83–112; part 2, vol. 42: 281–305. as the Harvard Business School. He serves on a number of international advisory boards, including the China Council Address: Prof. Dr. Konrad Osterwalder, Rector, United for International Cooperation on Environment and Devel- Nations University, Shibuya-ku, Jingumae 5–53–70, Tokyo opment (CCICED). 150-8925, Japan. E-mail: . Address: Mr. Achim Steiner, Executive Director of UNEP, : . United Nations Environment Programme Headquarters, Website United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 30552, 00100. Biographies of Contributors 1717

Jean-François Bureau (France) has been Assistant Secretary Address: M. Jean-François Bureau, Assistant Secretary Gen- General for Public Diplomacy of NATO since 2007. He is a eral for Public Diplomacy of NATO. graduate of the Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris (1974) Email: . and graduated in political science with a specialization on Website: . defence and foreign affairs at the Paris I Pantheon- Sorbonne University (1977). Prior to his NATO position he U. Joy Ogwu (Nigeria), Ambassador, currently serves as the was Director for Information and Communication at the Permanent Representative of Nigeria to the United Na- 29 1998 1 2007 tions. Prior to her appointment as Nigeria’s Foreign Minis- French Ministry of Defence ( July to August ) 2006 and spokesperson for the Ministry of Defence. His previ- ter in August she served as the first female Director- ous professional activities include: auditor at the ‘Cour des General of Nigeria’s Foreign Policy Think-Tank – the Nigeri- comptes’ in charge of defence affairs and head of the com- an Institute of International Affairs (NIIA). While at the NI- munication unit (1994-1998); head of the press office of the IA, she concurrently served as Chair of the Board of Direc- Presidency of the Republic (1991-1994); counsellor of the tors of the Centre for Advanced Social Science (CASS) and Member of the United Nations Secretary General’s Adviso- Minister of Defence for Information and Communication 2002 (1991); head of the Information and Public Relations Office ry Board on Disarmament Matters, from Janaury , cul- (SIRP) of the Ministry of the Interior (1990-1991); general minating in her appointment as the first African female secretary of the Institute for Home Security Studies (IHE- Chairperson of the Secretary-General’s Advisory Board for 1989 1990 2006. She has been a professor of Political Science and In- SI) ( - ); Under-Prefect in the department Allier 1993 (1985-1989); counsellor of the Minister of Defence for Par- ternational Relations since . She lectured on foreign liamentary, Information and Public Relations Affairs (1983- policy and international affairs at the Command and Staff 1985); parliamentary adviser (National Assembly) for de- College, Jaji, the National War College and the Institute for fence affairs (1981-1983); research assistant at the Centre for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS). In her academic stud- Defence Policy Studies (CEPODE), Paris I Pantheon- ies, she focused on Latin America in particular on strength- Sorbonne University (1978-1981). In addition he was an au- ening relations between Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin ditor at the ‘Comité des prix de revient des programmes America. She lectured on South-South and Latin America’s d’armement’ of the French Defence Ministry (1996-1998); foreign relations. As a member of the Presidential Advisory Council on International Relations from October 2000 – professor at the Ecole spéciale militaire Saint-Cyr 2006 Coëtquidan (1995-1998) being in charge of the course on , and now Permanent Representative to the United strategy and international relations; professor at the Ecole Nations, where she continues to contribute to the advance- Nationale d’Administration (1984-1985) in charge of the ment of Nigeria’s foreign policy. Ambassador Ogwu has seminar on French-German cooperation on defence and se- written extensively on foreign policy issues. Her publica- tions include: (Ed.): Nigerian Foreign Policy: Alternative curity issues; member of the United Nations group of ex- 1986 perts (1982-1983) on different aspects of the conventional Futures (Macmillan ); (Ed.): Nigeria’s International arms race and the disarmament related to these armaments Economic Relations; Dimensions of Dependence and Change (1988, Rev. 2005; The Economic Diplomacy of the and the armed forces (New York/Geneva). His publica- 1992 2001 tions include: “Defence communication”, in: Défense na- Nigerian State ( , ); The Nigerian Navy and the (1995); (Ed.): tionale (May 2003); “The French picture of the foreign South Atlantic New Horizons for Nigeria in (2005). She has contributed to scholarly jour- world”, in: Politique Etrangère (Winter 2002-2003); “The World Affairs nals and books and her publications have been translated French military reform: ‘identity change’”, in: Politique into in Portuguese, Spanish, and French. Etrangère (Spring 1997); “The European moment”, in: Le Débat (September 1985); “Decision-making process and Address: Her Excellency Amb. Prof. Dr. Joy Ogwu, Perma- arms control in France”, in: Brauch, H.G.; Clarke, D. (Ed.): nent Mission of the Federal Republic of Nigeria to the Decision-making for arms limitation: Assessments and pros- United Nations, 828 Second Avenue, New York, NY 10017, pects (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1983); “Political parties USA. and pacifist contest in Europe”, in: Lellouche, Pierre (Ed.): E-mail: . Pacifism and deterrence (Paris: IFRI, 1983); “From the essen- Website: . tial equivalence to the balance of forces: the arms control HRH Prince El Hassan bin Talal (The Hashemite King- crisis”, in: (ARES, 1981); “The euros- Defence and Security dom of Jordan) is a pluralist who believes in societies in trategic negotiation and NATO”, in: Revue de Défense Na- which all peoples can live, work and function in freedom (July 1981); tionale The establishment of an international and with dignity. His Royal Highness has initiated, founded (New York-Geneva: fund of disarmament for development and is actively involved in a number of Jordanian and inter- UNIDIR, 1979); Issues and perspectives of the French-British national institutes and committees. Some of the Jordanian (Paris: Ministry of cooperation in the nuclear military field institutes established by HRH include the Higher Council Defence, 1979). He was awarded the following honours: for Science and Technology, the Royal Scientific Society, (2000); Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur Chevalier de the Arab Thought Forum, the Royal Institute for Interfaith l’Ordre du Mérite (1990); Officier de l'Ordre du Mérite 2008 Studies and the recently formed Regional Human Security ( ) Officier de l’Ordre du Mérite d’Allemagne fédérale 36th 1986 1979 Centre. Addressing the Session of the United Nations ( ); since he has been a member of the Institut in 1981, His Royal Highness proposed the establishment of français des relations internationales (IFRI). the New International Humanitarian Order, which led to a 1718 Authors of Forewords and Preface Essays

request by the Secretary General to found and co-chair the University of Durham, U.K. (1990); Spertus Institute of Jew- Independent Commission on International Humanitarian ish Studies, Chicago, U.S.A (1995); University of Ulster, Issues (ICIHI). In May 2008, HRH delivered the Inaugural (1996); Moscow State Institute for Inter- Thematic Debate on Human Security at the UN General national Relations, Russia (1997); University of Birming- Assembly. He serves as a member of the Commission on ham, U.K. (1999); Bilkent University, Turkey (1999); Univer- Legal Empowerment of the Poor which published its report sity of Hertfordshire, U.K. (2000); Faculty of Catholic The- in June 2003. The West Asia-North Africa Forum which ology at the Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany was initiated by HRH, held its inaugural meeting in April (2001); University of Oklahoma, U.S.A. (2002); University 2009. Prince Hassan initiated and hosted ongoing consulta- of York, U.K. (2002); University of Portsmouth, U.K. tions with the Orthodox Centre of the Ecumenical Patriar- (2002); International Islamic University of Islamabad, Paki- chate at Chambesy, Switzerland, the Pontifical Council for stan (2005); School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) Inter-religious Dialogue at the Vatican and the The Inter- at the University of London, U.K. (2005); Medal of the faith Foundation in the United Kingdom through the aegis World Academy from Old Dominion University, , of the St. George’s House, Windsor. He is a founder and U.S.A (2005); Candido Mendes University (UCAM), Rio de now President of the Foundation for Interreligious and In- Janeiro, Brazil (2006); Institute of Higher Education of Bra- tercultural Research and Dialogue (FIIRD) which was es- silia (IESB), Brazil (2006); Faculdades Metropolitanas Uni- tablished in Geneva in 1999. HRH has had a long and ac- das (FMU), Saõ Paulo, Brazil (2006); Brandeis University, tive engagement with environmentally focused organiza- Boston, U.S.A; Soka University, Tokyo, Japan (2006); Facul- tions, in particular the Trans-Mediterranean Renewable ty of Humanities, University of Lund, Sweden (2007); Energy Cooperation (TREC) Network, which developed Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary (2007); University of the DESERTEC concept that was introduced to the Calgary (2008). 2007 European Parliament by HRH in . The Jordan-based Address: HRH Prince El Hassan bin Talal, Majlis El Has- Badia Research and Development Centre was established san, Royal Palace, Amman, The Hashemite Kingdom of Jor- 1992 in as a result of the long-term vision of HRH to train dan. and improve the livelihoods of the Bedouin population of Email: . Jordan for whom the desert is still their home. In July Website: . 2002, Prince Hassan founded the International Cultures Foundation with Professor Ihsan Doramaci, Chairman of Paul Crutzen (The Netherlands), Nobel Laureate for the Board of Trustees of Bilkent University in Ankara. The Chemistry in 1995; Member of the Max-Planck-Society for Parliament of Cultures was then formed in 2004, to fulfil the Advancement of Science, Director Emeritus of the At- an agenda of promoting understanding among different mospheric Chemistry Division, Max-Planck-Institute for cultures and enhancing dialogue between their thinkers and Chemistry, Mainz, Germany (1980-2000); Executive Direc- intellectuals. In July 2003, HRH launched Partners in Hu- tor, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry (1983-1985); part- manity as a joint initiative with John Marks from Search for time professor, Department of Geophysical Sciences, Uni- Common Ground (SFCG), which aims to improve under- versity of Chicago, USA (1987-1991), Scripps Institution of standing, build positive relationships and promote dialogue Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, USA between the Muslim and western worlds. Having been al- (1992-2008), Utrecht University, Institute for Marine and ways interested in young people and believing in the impor- Atmospheric Sciences, The Netherlands (1997-2000). tance of their input to the community, His Royal Highness He was born in Amsterdam on 3 December 1933. His has founded several youth organizations in Jordan and has mother’s parents moved to the Ruhr region from East supported youth activities around the world. Prince Hassan Prussia being of mixed German and Polish origin. His is a member of the Board of the Nuclear Threat Initiative father came from Vaals who had relatives in the and served on the Commission for Weapons of Mass De- Netherlands, Germany and Belgium. He studied civil engi- struction. In November 2009 HRH became an Honorary neering in Amsterdam (1951–1954). He worked with a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Bridge Construction Bureau of the City of Amsterdam, HRH is a prolific contributor to newspapers, journals, Holland (1954–1958); a House Construction Bureau in magazines and periodicals, as well as specific publications Gaevle, Sweden (1958–1959). He conducted academic stud- on regional and international issues. Prince Hassan is also ies and research at the University of Stockholm (1959–1973) the author of nine books: A Study on Jerusalem (1979, Eng- where he obtained a M.Sc. (Filosofie Kandidat), 1963; a lish); Palestinian Self-Determination (1981, English, Arabic); Ph.D. (Filosofie Licentiat), Meteorology, 1968, D.Sc. (Filos- Search for Peace (1984, English, Arabic); Christianity in the ofie Doctor), 1973 with the highest possible distinctions; Arab World (1994, English, Arabic, French, Greek, Spanish, held various computer consulting, teaching and research Russian, German, Swedish); (co-author with Alain Elkann): positions at the Department of Meteorology, University of Essere Musulmano (2001, Italian, French, Spanish); To Be Stockholm where he was promoted to a Research Associate A Muslim (2003, English); Q and A: Contemporary Issues Professor (1959–1974). From 1974 to 1977 he was research (2003, Arabic); Continuity, Innovation and Change: Select- scientist in the Upper Atmosphere Project, National Center ed Essays (2001); In Memory of Faisal I: The Iraqi Ques- for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), and a Consultant, Aer- tion (2003, Arabic); El Hassan bin Talal Collected Works, onomy Laboratory, Environmental Research Laboratories, vol-1 (2007, Arabic). Prince Hassan was awarded many hon- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) orary doctoral degrees by Bošziçi University, Turkey (1981); in Boulder, Colorado, USA. From 1977–1980 he was a Sen- Biographies of Contributors 1719 ior Scientist and Director of the Air Quality Division, (with Dr. T.E. Graedel), American Meteorological Society; NCAR and adjunct professor at the Atmospheric Sciences Medail d’Or de la Ville de Grenoble, France; Election to Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo- the Global 500 Roll of Honour of the United Nations Envi- rado (1976–1981). Among his main research interests have ronmental Programme (UNEP); “Commandeur in de Orde been: stratospheric and tropospheric chemistry, and their van de Nederlandse Leeuw”; Pontifical Academy of Scienc- role in the biogeochemical cycles and climate. es (Vatican); honorary member, International Ozone Com- He was editor of the Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, mission; Honorary Member, European Geophysical Society and member of its Editorial Board and of Tellus, Climate (EGS); Bundesverdienstorden (Order of Merit of the Feder- Dynamics, Issues in Environmental Science and Technolo- al Republic of Germany); titular member, European Acade- gy, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global my of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Paris (1996); honor- Change, reviewing editor of Science (1993-1999); member, ary member, American Meteorological Society, European Advisory Board of the Institute for Marine and Atmospher- Geophysical Society (EGS); Erasmus Lecturer and Medalist ic Research, Utrecht (1993–1997), of the STAP (Scientific of the Academia Europeae, Gent, Belgium; member, Ac- and Technical Advisory Panel) Roster of Experts of the cademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Roma, Italy (1997); Ceremo- United Nations Environment Programme (1993–1998); Ad- nial Lecture at the Annual Assembly, Deutsche Physika- visory Council of the Volvo Environment Prize (1993- lische Gesellschaft (German Physical Society), Regensburg; present); Prix Lemaitre Committee, Belgium (1994-present); honorary member, Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry of the Scientific Advisory Group of the School of Environ- and Global Pollution (CACGP) 1998; foreign member, Rus- mental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich (1995- sian Academy of Sciences; H. Julian Allen Award 1998, for present); Executive Board, Gesellschaft Deutscher Ärzte outstanding scientific paper (co-authored) of 1998 at NASA und Naturforscher (1995-2000), of ESTA (European Sci- Ames Research Center (1999); honorary member, Swedish ence and Technology Assembly) of the European Union, Meteorological Society (2000); Karamanlis Institute for De- Brussels (1997–1999): Vice-Chairman of the Scientific Com- mocracy, Athens, Greece, for outstanding contributions to mittee for the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project science and society; member, Council, Pontifical Academy (IGBP) (1998–present); member, ‘Global Change’ Commit- of Sciences; honorary chairman, Climate Conference 2001, tee of the German Research Council and the Federal Minis- 20-24 August, Utrecht, The Netherlands (2001); Worldwide try of Research and Technology, Germany (1998–1999); most cited author in the Geosciences with 2911 citations Fifth EU Framework Programme, External Advisory Group from 110 publications during the decade 1991–2001, ISI (In- on ‘Global change, climate and biodiversity’ (1998–2000); stitute for Scientific Information, Philadelphia, USA), issue co-chief scientist of the Indian Ocean Experiment (IN- Nov./Dec. 2001; honorary member, World Innovation DOEX), 1999. Foundation, WIF (2002). He received numerous awards and honours, among them: He obtained Honorary Doctoral Degrees, i.a. from York Visiting Fellow of St. Cross College, Oxford, England University, Canada (1986); Université Catholique de Lou- (1969–1971); Outstanding Publication Award, Environmen- vain, Belgium (1992); University of East Anglia, Norwich, tal Research Laboratories, NOAA, Boulder (1976); Special UK (1994); Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece Achievement Award, Environmental Research Laboratories, (1996); University of Liège, Belgium; University of San José, NOAA (1977); Rolex-Discover Scientist of the Year (1984); Costa Rica; Tel Aviv University, Israel; Oregon State Univer- tecipient, Leo Szilard Award for “Physics in the Publics In- sity, Corvallis, USA; University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; terest” of the American Physical Society (1985); elected fel- Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France (1997); University low, American Geophysical Union and foreign Honorary of Athens, Greece (1998); Democritus Univer-sity of Thra- Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, ce, Greece (2001); Nova Gorica Polytechnic, Slovenia; Uni- Cambridge (1986); founding member of Academia Euro- versity of Hull, UK (2002). 1988 paea ( ); recipient, Tyler Prize for the Environment Address: Prof. Dr. Paul Crutzen, Max Planck Institute for 1989 ( ); corresponding member, The Royal Netherlands Chemistry, Department Atmospheric Chemistry, Joh.-J.- 1990 Academy of Science ( ); recipient, Volvo Environmental Becher-Weg 27, 55128 Mainz, Germany. Prize; member, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Royal Email: . Swedish Academy of Engineering and of Leopoldina, Halle Website: ; 1991 ( ); Honorary Professor at the Johannes Gutenberg-Uni- . tinguished Lecturer in Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; recipient, Deutscher Umwelt- Amb. Jayantha Dhanapala (Sri Lanka), has been President preis, Umweltstiftung (German Environmental Prize of the of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs Federal Foundation for the Environment) 1994; Foreign As- since November 2007. From 1998 to 2003 he was Under sociate, U.S. National Academy of Sciences; recipient, Max- Secretary-General of the United Nations for Disarmament Planck Research Prize (1994); Nobel Prize in Chemistry when he piloted the UN role in arresting the proliferation (with Dr. Molina and Dr. Rowland, U.S.A.); Global Ozone of small arms and light weapons, anti-personnel landmines, Award for “Outstanding Contribution for the Protection of conventional weapons, and weapons of mass destruction the Ozone Layer” by UNEP (1995); Minnie Rosen Award while reinforcing existing norms and norm-building in for “High Achievement in the Service to Mankind”, Ross other areas such as missiles. He launched managerial initia- University, New York; Louis J. Battan Author`s Award tives in gender mainstreaming, innovated the exchange of 1720 Authors of Forewords and Preface Essays

weapons for a development programme, and linked disar- Monterey Institute of International Studies, U.S.A. (2001), mament with development, the environment and peace ed- the University of Southampton, U.K. (2003), the Sabaraga- ucation programmes. He served as a member of the Inter- muwa University, Sri Lanka (2003), and from the Dubna In- national Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission (Blix ternational University of Nature, Society and Man in Russia Commission) and of the Canberra Commission on the (2009). In November 2007 the International Peace Bureau Elimination of Nuclear Weapons (1996). He was President awarded him the Sean MacBride Prize. He was invited to of the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Treaty deliver several keynote lectures including the Olof Palme on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. He was Per- Memorial lecture at SIPRI in 1999 and the Dorothy Hodg- manent Representative of Sri Lanka to the United Nations kin Memorial Lecture to Pugwash in 2003. 1984 1987 1987 in Geneva ( - ). In , he became director of the Address: Amb. Jayantha Dhanapala, 25/6 Pepiliyana Road, United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research Nugegoda. Sri Lanka. (UNIDIR). After returning to his country's Foreign Mini- Email: . 1992 stry in he was Additional Foreign Secretary and served Website: . as Sri Lanka's Ambassador to the United States, with con- current accreditation to Mexico (1995 to 30 April 1997). Ulrich Beck (Germany) is Professor for Sociology at the He received a BA (Honours) degree from the University of University of Munich, and has been the British Journal of Peradeniya in Sri Lanka (1961); studied Chinese at the Sociology LSE Centennial Professor in the Department of School of Oriental and African Studies of the University of Sociology since 1997. He has received Honorary Doctor- London (1966-1967); and obtained a MA in international ates from several European universities. He currently studies studies at the American University in Washington, D.C. modernization, ecological problems, individualization, and (1976). He joined Sri Lanka’s foreign service in 1965 and gobalization. His most recent research activities include a held diplomatic appointments in London, Beijing, Washing- long-term empirical study of the sociological and political ton, D.C., and New Delhi, in addition to being Director of implications of 'reflexive modernization', which explores the Non-Aligned Movement Division of the Foreign Minis- the complexities and uncertainties of the process of trans- try during Sri Lanka's chairmanship (1965-1993). He repre- formation from first to second modernity. Specifically he is sented Sri Lanka at the United Nations General Assembly working on unpacking cosmopolitanism for the social sci- and at conferences of the Non-Aligned Movement and of ences: a research agenda. He has contributed a number of the Commonwealth. In mid-2004 he was invited to manage significant new concepts in international sociology, including the peace process in Sri Lanka and he served until Novem- ‘risk society’, ‘individualization’, ‘reflexive modernization’, ber 2005. ‘methodological nationalism’ and ‘methodological cosmopo- He has been active internationally as a member of the Gov- litanism’. Since 1992 he has been professor for sociology erning Board of the Stockholm International Peace Re- and director of the Institute for Sociology of Munich Uni- search Institute (SIPRI); the International Advisory Group versity. He is also the British Journal of Sociology Professor of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC, at the London School of Economics and Senior Research 2003-2007); the United Nations University Council (until Fellow at Harvard. He is married to the German sociology 2010); the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of professor Elisabeth Beck-Gernsheim. He has received many Armed Forces; the Advisory Council of the Stanford Insti- international prizes and honors. Since 1999 he has been the tute for International Studies; the International Board of speaker of the DFG research programme on ‘Reflexive Mo- the Bonn International Center for Conversion; the Interna- dernity’. He is the editor of the sociological journal Soziale tional Advisory Board of the James Martin Center for Non- Welt (since 1980) , editor of the book series on Second Mo- proliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International dernity at Suhrkamp, the author of some 150 articles in Studies; and as Honorary President of the International reviewed journals, and author or editor of more than 40 Peace Bureau (2003-2007). books, translated in more than 40 languages including: He published four books and several articles in internation- Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity (1992); (co-author al journals, and has lectured in many countries. He was with Anthony Giddens and Scott Lash): Reflexive awarded a MacArthur Foundation grant to research and Modernization. Politics, Tradition and Aesthetics in the write his book on “Multilateral Diplomacy and the NPT: Modern Social Order (1994); (with E. Beck-Gernsheim): An Insider's account” published by UNIDIR (2005). He re- The Normal Chaos of Love (1995); Ecological Enlighten- ceived several awards including the Trainor Award for Dis- ment (1995); Ecological Politics in an Age of Risk (1995); tinction in the Conduct of Diplomacy by the Edmund A. The Reinvention of Politics. Rethinking Modernity in the Walsh School of Foreign Service in Georgetown University, Global Social Order (1996); Democracy without Enemies Washington, D.C., the Monterey Institute of International (1998); World Risk Society (1998); What Is Globalization? Studies, the Ploughshares Fund and the School of Interna- (1999); The Brave New World of Work (2000); (with tional Service of American University, Washington D.C. for Barbara Adam and Joost Van Loon): The Risk Society and his work in diplomacy and disarmament, and was the Glo- Beyond: Critical Issues for Social Theory (2000); (with E. bal Security Institute’s first recipient of the Alan Cranston Beck-Gernsheim): Individualization: Institutionalized Indi- Peace Award in 2002. He was nominated Sri Lankan of the vidualism and its Social and Political Consequences (2000, Year 2006 by the Sri Lankan business journal 'Lanka 2002); (with Johannes Willms): Conversations with Ulrich Monthly Digest'. He received several honorary doctor de- Beck (2003); Power in the Global Age (2005); Cosmo- grees by the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka (2000), the politan Vision (2006); (with Natan Sznaider): “Unpacking Biographies of Contributors 1721 cosmopolitanism for the social sciences”, in: British Journal gions: A review of past trends”, in: Lutz, Wolfgang (Ed.): of Sociology, 57,1 (2006): 1-23; (with Edgar Grande): Alternative Paths of Future World Population Growth: Cosmopolitan Europe (2007); World at Risk (2008); (with What Can We Assume Today? (London: Earthscan Edgar Grande): “Varieties of Second Modernity – Extra- Publications Ltd., 1996). European and European Experiences and Perspectives”, in: Address: Dr. Hania Zlotnik, Director, Population Division, 61 3 2010 British Journal of Sociology, , ( ). United Nations, DC2-1950, 2 United Nations Plaza, New Address: Prof. Dr. Ulrich Beck, Institut für Soziologie Lud- York, NY 10017. wig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sekretariat Almut Email: . Kleine, Konradstr. 6, 80801 München, Germany. Website: . Email: . Christoph Müller (Germany) is a geoecologist and holds a Hania Zlotnik (Mexico) is Director of the Population Divi- Ph.D. from Potsdam University and the International Max sion of the United Nations, where she worked previously as Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling in Chief of the Mortality and Migration Section and Chief of Hamburg, Germany. He held positions at the Max Planck the Population Estimates and Projections Section, having Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg (Germany), the joined the Division in 1982 as Population Affairs Officer. Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL, The Before joining the United Nations, she worked for the Netherlands), and at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Im- Committee on Population and Demography of the US Na- pact Research (PIK). His work focus is on land-use dynam- tional Research Council. She holds a Ph.D. in Statistics and ics in an earth-systematic context: drivers of land-use Demography from Princeton University and is a graduate change, impacts on food security and climate as well as on of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UN- carbon- and water cycles. He is working with numerical AM). Her work has spanned the field of demography, cov- simulation models, including climate models, dynamic vege- ering the analysis of fertility, mortality and migration with tation models, crop models, land-use models, and integrat- special emphasis on their quantitative aspects. She has pre- ed assessment models. He is associate lecturer at Potsdam pared manuals on demographic estimation techniques and University. Among his major publications are: (with Lotze- on the collection of international migration statistics. She Campen, H.; Bondeau, A.; Rost, S.; Popp, A.; Lucht, W. has edited or written reports published by the United Na- 2008): “Global food demand, productivity growth and the tions on a variety of topics, including international migra- scarcity of land and water resources: a spatially explicit tion and development, female migration, levels and trends mathematical programming approach”, in: Agricultural in urbanization, population distribution and migration, Economics, 39,3: 325-338; (with Eickhout, B.; Zaehle, S.; population ageing, health and mortality, and population Bondeau, A.; Cramer, W.; Lucht, W. 2007): “Effects of estimates and projections. Her work also includes over 35 changes in CO2, climate, and land use on the carbon bal- articles in books or refereed journals. As Director of the Di- ance of the land biosphere during the 21st century”, in: vision, she was responsible for the substantive preparation Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, 112, of the High-level Dialogue on International Migration and G02032; (with Lucht, W. 2007): “Robustness of terrestrial Development that the General Assembly of the United Na- carbon and water cycle simulations against variations in tions conducted in 2006. She has been an active member of spatial resolution”, in: Journal of Geophysical Reserach - professional associations, serving as Board Member for the Atmospheres, 112, D06105; (with Bondeau, A.; Lotze- Population Association of America and as Vice-President of Campen, H.; Cramer, W.; Lucht, W. 2006): “Comparative the International Union for the Scientific Study of Popula- impact of climatic and nonclimatic factors on global terres- tion (IUSSP). trial carbon and water cycles”, in: Global Biogeochemical Books she has co-authored include: Bilsborrow, Richard E.; Cycles, 20; (with Heistermann, M.; Ronneberger, K. 2006): Hugo, Graeme.; Oberai, A.S. (Eds.): International Migra- “Land in Sight? Achievements, Deficits and Potentials of tion Statistics (Geneva: International Labour Office, 1997); Continental to Global Scale Land-Use Modeling”, in: Agri- Kritz, Mary M.; Lim, Lin L. (Eds.): International Migration culture, Ecosystems and Environment, 114,2-4: 141-158. Systems: A Global Approach (Oxford: Clarendon Press, Address: Dr. Christoph Müller, Potsdam Institute for Cli- 1992 ); Step-by-Step Guide to the Estimation of Child Mor- mate Impact Research, Telegraphenberg A 31, P.O. Box 1990 tality (New York: United Nations, ); Manual X: Indi- 601203, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. rect Techniques for Demographic Estimation (New York: Email: . 1983 United Nations, ); Computer Programs for Demo- Website: . graphic Estimation: A Users Guide (Washington, DC: Na- tional Academy Press, 1981). Some of her published papers Hermann Lotze-Campen (Germany) studied Agricultural are: “Does population matter for climate change?”, in: Guz- Sciences and Agricultural Economics in Kiel (Germany), man, Jose Miguel et al. (Eds.): Population Dynamics and Reading (UK) and Minnesota (USA). He holds a Ph.D. in Climate Change (New York, UNFPA and IIED, 2009); Agricultural Economics from Humboldt University Berlin. “Demographic Trends”, in: Caballero, Benjamin; Popkin, In a previous position at Astrium/InfoTerra, a European Barry M. (Eds.): The Nutrition Transition (Amsterdam: space company, he has developed applications of satellite Academic Press, 2002); “International migration 1965-96: remote sensing information for agricultural statistics and An overview”, in: Population and Development Review, large-scale modeling, precision farming and forestry. At the 24,3 (1998): 429-468; “Migration to and from developing re- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research he is lead- 1722 Authors of Forewords and Preface Essays

ing a research group on the interactions between climate terns among phytoplankton and ciliates”, in: Oikos, 114,2: change, agriculture and food production, land and water 265-276. use, and adaptation options through biomass energy pro- Address: Dr. Veronika Huber, Potsdam Institute for Cli- duction and technological change. Among his major publi- mate Impact Research, Telegraphenberg A 31, P.O. Box 2009 cations are: (with Schellnhuber, H. J. ): “Climate im- 601203, D-14412 Potsdam. pacts and adaptation options in agriculture: what we know Email: < [email protected] >. and what we don't know”, in: Journal für Verbrauch- Website: < http://www.pik-potsdam.de/members/vhuber>. erschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit (Journal for Consumer Protection and Food Safety) 4: 145-150; (with Müller, C.; Alexander Popp (Germany) is a Research Fellow at the Bondeau, A.; Rost, S.; Lucht, W. 2008): “Global food de- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) and mand, productivity growth and the scarcity of land and wa- head of the working group on land use management in Re- ter resources: a spatially explicit mathematical program- search Domain III - Sustainable Solutions. His scientific ming approach”, in: Agricultural Economics, 39,3: 325-338; work concentrates on potential and limitation of bioenergy, (with Reusswig, F.; Stoll-Kleemann, S. 2008: “Integrated So- avoided deforestation in tropical countries, vulnerability of cio-Ecological Monitoring of Biodiversity Change - Building the agricultural sector to climate and land use change, miti- upon the World Network of Biosphere Reserves”, in: gation in the agricultural sector and climate policy as a GAIA, 17,S1: 107-115; (2008): “The role of modelling tools component of fair globalization and sustainable poverty re- in Integrated Sustainability Assessment (ISA)”,in: Interna- duction. Among his major publications are: (with Vogel. tional Journal for Innovation and Sustainable Develop- M.; Blaum, N.; Jeltsch, F., in press): “Scaling up eco-hydro- ment, 317,1-2: 70-92; (with Welp, M. 2007): “More food logical processes - the role of surface water flow in water with less water: the role of efficiency gains, lifestyles and limited landscapes”, in: Journal of Geophysical Research - trade”; on: Lozán, J.L.; Graßl, H.; Hupfer, P.; Menzel, L.; Biogeosciences in press; (with Domptail, S.; Blaum, N.; Schönwiese, C.D. (Eds.): Global change: Enough water for Jeltsch, F., 2009): “Land use experience does qualify for ad- all? (Hamburg: Universität Hamburg): 306-309. aptation to climate change”, in: Ecological Modelling, 220,5: 694-702; (with Blaum, N.; Jeltsch, F., 2009): “Ecohy- Address: Dr. Hermann Lotze-Campen, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegraphenberg A 31, P.O. drological feedback mechanisms in arid rangelands: Simu- Box 601203, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. lating the impacts of topography and landuse”, in: Basic and Applied Ecology, 10: 319-329; (with Lotze-Campen, Email: . 2008 Website: . H.; Müller, C.; Bondeau, A.; Rost, S.; Lucht, W., ): “Food demand, productivity growth and the spatial distri- Veronika Huber (Germany) works at the Potsdam Institute bution of land and water use: a global modelling ap- for Climate Impact Research (PIK) as a Scientific Assistant proach”, in: Agricultural Economics, 39,3: 325-338; (with to the Director. She holds a Ph.D. in Ecology from the Uni- Schwager M.; Blaum N.; Jeltsch F., 2007): “Simulating the versity of Potsdam. Most of her research has focused on the impact of vegetation structure on the occurrence of a small responses of freshwater systems to anthropogenic distur- mammalian carnivore in semi-arid savanna rangelands”, in: bances, especially climatic change. Lately, her interests have Ecological Modelling, 209,2: 136-148. shifted to the dynamics happening at the interface between Address: Dr. Alexander Popp, Potsdam Institute for Cli- climate change science and politics. Previous to joining mate Impact Research, Telegraphen-berg A 51, P.O. Box PIK, she worked at the Leibniz Institute for Freshwater 601203, D-14412 Potsdam. Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) and at Kellogg Biologi- Email: . cal Station (KBS) in Michigan, USA. During an internship Website: . at the United Nations Environment Programme in Nairobi, she gained experience in the field of climate policy. She Anastasia Svirejeva-Hopkins (Russia/Canada/Germany) studied biology and ecology at Ecole normale supérieure in has initially studied soil science and geography at the Mos- Paris and at the Universities of Konstanz and Potsdam. cow State University. Afterwards, she has completed M. Among her major publications are: (with Adrian, R.; Phil. degree at the Cranfiled University, UK in eco technol- Gerten, D., 2008): “Phytoplankton response to global ogy and ecological modelling of watersheds. She also has warming modified by trophic state”, in: Limnology and M.Sc. from the University of Toronto in physical geography Oceanography, 53: 1-13; (with Steiner, C.F.; Schwaderer, and GIS, and worked at the Environment Canada on the A.S.; Klausmeier, C.A.; Litchman, E., 2009): “Periodically development of the GIS based expert system for the con- forced food chain dynamics: model predictions and experi- trol of water pollution from different types of the land use. mental validation”, in: Ecology 90,11: 3099-3107; (with Brey- After moving to Germany in 1999, she started working at er, C., 2008): “Ursachen und Folgen des Klimawandels”, in: PIK; she has received her Ph.D. in 2004 in modelling of the Creutzig, F.; Goldschmidt. J.C. (Eds.): Energie, Macht, Ver- dynamics of carbon emissions from urbanization. She has nunft – Der umfassende Blick auf die Energiewende spent two years for her post doc at the University of Lis- (Aachen: Shaker Media); (with Thebault, E.; Loreau, M., bon, Portugal, where he has continued to work on urbani- 2007): “Cascading extinctions and ecosystem functioning: zation and urban biochemistry. She is going to be working constrasting effects of diversity depending on food web on her habilitation thesis and her research interests at the structure”, in: Oikos, 116,1: 163-173; (with Gaedke, U., moment are modelling of urban dynamics processes and ni- 2006): “The role of predation for seasonal variability pat- trogen cycling in the cities of Europe. Among her major Biographies of Contributors 1723 publications are: (with all names please, 2004): “Urbanised of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) territories as a specific component of the Global Carbon who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007. Born 1950 Cycle”, in: Ecological Modelling, 173: 295-312; (with Schelln- in Ortenburg, Germany, he studied Physics and Mathemat- huber, H.-J., 2006): “Modelling carbon dynamics from ur- ics at the University of Regensburg. After he had obtained ban land conversion: fundamental model of city in relation his Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics he spent several research to a local carbon cycle”, in: Carbon Balance and Manage- periods abroad at the University of California among other ment, 1,8 (15 August); at: ; (2008): “Urban expansion and its contribution to the re- plinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Sciences at gional carbon emissions: Using the model based on the the University of Oldenburg and later the centre’s manag- population density distribution”, in: Ecological Modelling, ing director. From 2001 to 2005 he was also engaged as Re- 216,2: 208-216; (with Svirehev, Yu.M., 2008): “Biosphere: search Director of the British Tyndall Centre for Climate Vernadsky’s concept”, in: Jørgensen, S. E.; Fath, B. (Eds.): Change Research. He is member of the editorial boards of Encyclopedia of Ecology; Vol. 1: Global Ecology (Amster- several scientific journals and of scientific associations, in- dam: Elsevier): 467-471; (2008): “Urbanization as a global ter alia, the German National Academy of Sciences ecological process”, in: Jørgensen, S. E.; Fath, B. (Eds.): En- (Leopoldina), the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and cyclopedia of Ecology; Vol. 5: Global Ecology (Amsterdam: the Max Planck Society. He authored and co-authored Elsevier): 3672-3678. about 210 articles and more than forty books on Theoreti- Address: Dr. Anastasia Svirejeva-Hopkins, Potsdam Institute cal Physics, Environmental Analysis and Sustainability 2004 for Climate Impact Research, Telegraphenberg A 31, P.O. Science. In , he was awarded the title ‘Commander of Box 601203, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire’ (CBE) by 2007 Email: . Queen Elizabeth II. In , he received the German Envi- Website: . ronment Prize for his scientific work in the field of climate impact research and its dissemination to politicians and the Michael Krause (Germany) has been employed as Research public, and in 2008 he was awarded the Order of Merit of Associate at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Re- the State of Brandenburg. Since 2010 Schellnhuber is Exter- search (PIK) since 2007. He currently works on his PhD in nal Professor at the Santa Fe Institute. economics of global land use under climate change scenari- Among his major publications are: (with Rahmstorf, S., os in a non-linear optimization model. He holds a Master’s 2006): Der Klimawandel. Diagnose, Prognose, Therapie and a Bachelor’s degree in Forest Sciences from Dresden (München: C.H. Beck); (with Lenton, T.M., 2007): University of Technology and specialized in international “Tipping the scales. Nature Reports”, in: Climate Change, forest policy, non-conventional forestry and natural re- 1, 97; (with Lenton, T.; Held, H.; Kriegler, E.; Hall, J.; source economics. Previous research was conducted, inter Lucht, W.; Rahmstorf S., 2008): “Tipping elements in the alia, at the Institute of International Forestry and Forest Earth's climate system”, in: Proceedings of the National Products, Dresden University of Technology, the Depart- Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, ment of Development Economics, Migration and Agricul- PNAS, 105: 1786-1793; (2008): “Global warming: Stop wor- tural Policy, University of Kassel, the Ethiopian Agricultural rying, start panicking?”, in: PNAS, 105: 14239-14240; (with Research Organisation and Xuan Mai Forestry University Hall, J.; Held, H.; Dawson, R.; Kriegler, E., 2009): Vietnam in the fields of social forestry and behavioral deci- “Imprecise probability assessment of tipping points in the sion making, agricultural policy and environmental and re- climate system”, in: PNAS, 106: 5041-5046; (with Hofmann, source economics. He gained experience in the field of cli- M., 2009): “Ocean acidification affects marine carbon mate policy during his specialization phase at Dresden pump and triggers extended marine oxygen holes”, in: University of Technology and his employment as lecturer in PNAS, 106:3017-3022; (Ed.): “Tipping Elements in Earth agricultural policy at University of Kassel. Systems Special Feature”, in: PNAS, 106, 20561-20621; (Co- Address: Mr. Michael Krause, Potsdam Institute for Climate ed. with Molina, M.; Stern, N.; Huber, V.; Kadner, S., Impact Research, Telegraphenberg A 31, P.O. Box 601203, 2010). Global Sustainability - A Nobel Cause (Cambridge: D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. Cambridge University Press). Email: . Address: Prof. Dr. Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, Potsdam Website: . Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegraphenberg A 31, P.O. Box 601203, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. Hans Joachim Schellnhuber (Germany) has been Director . of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) Email: since its foundation in 1992 and Professor for Theoretical Website: . Physics at Potsdam University since 1993. He is chairman of the German Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU) and was appointed Chief Government Advisor on Climate and Related Issues by the German Federal Government for the G8 and EU presidencies in 2007. As a member of the High Level Expert Group he also advises the President of the European Commission, José Manuel Barroso, on ener- gy and climate change issues. He is a longstanding member 1724 Authors

Authors

Zafar Adeel (Pakistan) is the Director of United Nations weiterung des Transformation Begriffs”, in: Zeitschrift für University (UNU) Institute for Water, Environment and Politik, 56, 2 (2009): 143-162; (with Anna Daun, David Egn- Health. He has served with UNU since 1998 and holds a er and Daniel Lambach): “Recipe for Strife: Conflicts in Master’s Degree from Iowa State University (1992) and a West Africa’s Weak States And Their Connections to the PhD from Carnegie Mellon University (1995). Currently, he Global Market”, in: Development and Cooperation (D+C), is serving as the Chair of UN-Water; a group of 27 agencies Nr. 6 (June 2009); 41-44; “Koloniale Ausbeutung – Wirt- focused on global water issues. He has served with UNU schaftliche Zusammenarbeit: Das ökonomische Interesse since 1998 and holds a Master’s Degree from Iowa State Europas an Afrika”, in: et cetera ppf, 1/2009 (April): 8-19; University (1992) and a PhD from Carnegie Mellon Univer- “Krisen und Krisenmanagement in Westafrika”, in: Feicht- sity (1995). He has also served as a Senior Engineer at Ge- inger, Walter (Ed.): Afrika im Blickfeld: Kriege – Krisen – oTrans Inc. for a number of years before joining UNU. He Perspektiven (Baden Baden: Nomos Verlag, 2004): 85-110; has experience in a variety of water and environmental is- “Zwischen Wunschdenken und Ohnmacht: Der Anspruch sues, including monitoring and control of water pollution, der Afrikanischen Union auf Krisenmanagement in Afrika”, water management in dry areas, solutions to industrial envi- in: Feichtinger, Walter; Hainzl, Gerald (Eds.): Krisenherd ronmental problems, modeling of environmental systems Nordostafrika: Internationale oder afrikanische Verant- and environmental policy formulation. He has led the de- wortung (Baden Baden: Nomos Verlag, 2005): 65-88; His- velopment of a network of scientists working in water- torical Imperatives for the Emergence of Development and scarce countries, particularly those in Africa, Middle East Democracy: A Perspective for the Analysis of Poor Govern- and Asia. Through his editorial lead, this network has pub- ance Quality and State Collapse in Africa. Working Paper lished eight books in the UNU Desertification Series: New for International Politics and Foreign Policy, Nr. 1/2006 Technologies to Combat Desertification (199), Water Man- (Cologne: University of Cologne, Seminar for Political Sci- agement in Arid Zones (2000), New Approaches to Water ence, Chair of International Relations); The Failure and Management in Central Asia (2001), Integrated Water Collapse of the African States: On the example of Nigeria. Management in Dry Areas (2001), Sustainable Manage- Commentary Paper (Madrid: Fundacion para las Rela- ment of Marginal Drylands (2003), Challenges of Drylands ciones Internationales y el Dialogo (FRIDE), September in the New Millennium (2004), Desertification and the In- 2007); at: ; A Political Economy of Bad Governance, Underdevel- lennium Ecosystem Assessment team that produced the opment and State Collapse in Africa: The Dynamics of the global desertification synthesis. He has also served on the West African Conflict (PhD Dissertation, University of Co- editorial boards of Sustainability Science (Springer) and logne, unpublished). Global Environmental Change (Elsevier Science). He has Address: Dr. John Emeka Akude, Vogelsanger Strasse 498, studied formulation of environmental policy and govern- 50829 Köln, Germany. ance at several levels; his book on this topic is East Asian E-Mail: . Perspectives in Environmental Governance – Response in a Rapidly Developing Region (UNU Press 2003). He serves Nisreen Daifallah Al Hmoud (Jordan) obtained a Ph.D. in as an Adjunct Professor of Engineering at the McMaster Microbiology from the University of Abertay, Dundee/Scot- University. land in 2002. In 2003, she joined the Royal Scientific Socie- ty (RSS) of Jordan as a Researcher at the Environment Re- Address: Dr. Zafar Adeel, United Nations University Insti- search Centre (ERC). In 2006, she became the head of the tute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH), Water Quality Studies Division (WQSD) at ERC. Since 175 204 Longwood Road South, Suite , Hamilton Ontario, then, she has been supervising the execution of project con- 8 0 1 L P A Canada. tracts (environmental monitoring programmes and applied Email: . researches) at WQSD. She is an environmental microbiol- Website: . ogist with an experience in the following topics: biofouling, John Emeka Akude (Germany/Nigeria), Dr. rer. pol., Lec- bio-solids, wastewater and greywater. She executed and su- turer, Research Fellow at the Chair of International Rela- pervised the following projects: Integrated Greywater Man- tions, Seminar for Political Science, University of Cologne. agement Policies for Large Water Consumers in Vulnerable He obtained the following degrees: B. Sc. (Hons.) Political Communities in Jordan; Safe Use of Greywater for Agri- Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka; M. Sc. International culture in Jerash Refugee Camp: Focus on Technical, Insti- Relations, University of Ife, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; PhD in Interna- tutional and Managerial Aspects of Non-Treatment Options; tional Relations, University of Cologne, Germany. Among Bio-solids Characterization, Treatment and Application for his major publication are: Governance and Crisis of the agricultural lands. She is a member in a number of interna- State in Africa: the Dynamics and Context of the Conflicts tional societies for microbiology and a referee for the Jour- 2007 in West Africa (London: Adonis & Abbey Publishers, nal of Applied Microbiology. In August , she was nom- 2008); “Transformation Politischer Ordnung – Eine Er- inated to represent the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in two technical meetings at the United Nations Headquarter Biographies of Contributors 1725 in New York for updating the Technical Guidelines and of the African Centre for the Study and Research on Ter- Procedures for the Investigation of Alleged Use of Chemi- rorism (ACSRT) in Algiers, Algeria. He holds a doctorate cal, Biological, or Toxin (CBT) Weapons. Since January from the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. His primary 2009, she has been heading the group of Bio-safety at ERC research interests deal with African security issues broadly, and she is a member in the National Bio-safety Committee. comparative politics, terrorism and conflicts. He has taught Besides working at RSS, she has a teaching experience in in several universities in Europe and Africa. In 2007, he Medical Microbiology at the University of Jordan and she is served as a senior consultant to the UN Department for Po- appointed as an Assistant Professor at Princess Sumaya Uni- litical Affairs, New York and completed a UN Secretary- versity for Technology, teaching a Master Programme in General’s report on the relationship between the UN and Environmental Technology and Management. Since 2005 regional organizations, particularly the African Union in she published several peer-reviewed papers and books chap- maintaining peace and security. He reviews for several ters. scholarly journals and serves on diverse boards. His publi- Address: Dr. Nisreen AL-Hmoud, Head of Water Quality cations include: “Perspectives on President-elect Barack 1939 Studies Division, Head of Bio-safety Unit, Environment Obama’s Africa Foreign Policy”, in: African Security, - 2214 2 1 1 2009 66 67 Research Centre, Royal Scientific Society, P.O. Box 1438, Al , , ( January ): - ; (with Samuel Atuobi): Jubeiha 11941, Amman, Jordan. “Responsibility to protect in Africa: an analysis of the Afri- Email: and . the Global Responsibility to Protect, , (February ): 90 113 Website: . - “The UN and the African Union’s security architec- ture: defining an emerging relationship?”, in: Critical Cur- Francisco Alonso-Sarriá (Spain), PhD in geography, Lectur- rents, No. 5 (October): 9-25; (with Thomas Jaye; Samuel At- er at the University of Murcia and subdirector of its Insti- uobi): “The Role of Private Military Companies in US- tute of Water and Environment (INUAMA). He obtained a Africa Policy”, in: Review of African Political Economy, first degree on geography from the University of Murcia in 35,118 (2008):613 – 628. 1989. His thesis focused on quantitative morphometrical Address: Dr. Kwesi Aning, Kofi Annan International Peace- properties of basin and drainage networks. In 1991 he ob- keeping Training Centre, CMT 210, Cantonments, Accra, tained an MSc on water science and technology and in 1995 Ghana. he obtained a PhD from the University of Murcia with a E-mail: and: . arid basin applying the Geomorphologic Unit Hydrograph Website: . by using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) (Idrisi 4.1) and developing new hydrologically-oriented modules Mamdouh Ahmed Antar (Egypt), Manager of the Nile with Basic. Between 1991 and 1997 he participated in inter- Forecast Centre, Ministry of Water Resources and Irriga- national projects (Medalus II and III) and in several tion, Planning Sector, Cairo. His Ph.D. focused on water re- projects funded by Spanish research programmes. In 1997 sources management using hydrological modelling with em- he started as an assistant lecturer in the Geography Depart- phasis on the utilization of newly developed modelling ment of the University of Murcia. From 1999 and 2000 he techniques such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in was a postdoctoral fellow at King's College in London combination with Satellite images. The Nile forecasting working with professor J.B. Thornes. In 2001 he obtained a centre deals with flood management policies and the as- position as a permanent lecturer focusing mainly on topics sessment of climate impacts on the High dam of GIS and remote sensing for degrees in geography and (HAD). He managed the project titled ‘Lake Nasser Flood environmental sciences. Besides his teaching activities con- and Drought Control – Integration of Climate Change Un- ducted research and technical activities at INUAMA of the certainty LNFDCP/ICC’ that focused on assessing the fore- University of Murcia. His primary research interest is GIS seen impacts of climate changes and potential development and remote sensing applied to hydrology and hydrogeomor- projects on Nile Basin countries. As national coordinator of phology. He is responsible for a number of projects on the the climate change risk management (CCRM) he promot- use of GIS and remote sensing data to improve hydrologi- ed the adoption of a Regional Circulation Model (RCM) cal modelling efforts. as a way of identifying the possible range of climate change Address: Dr. Francisco Alonso-Sarriá, Instituto Universitario impacts on precipitation in the Nile Basin, and to adapt the del Agua y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Murcia, existing hydrological models to forecast climate change im- Campus de espinardo, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain. pacts on Nile river flows. He coordinated the ‘national Email: . flood preparedness and early warning (FPEW) project’, one of the Fast Track projects under the Nile Bain Initiative Kwesi Aning (Ghana), Head, Conflict Prevention Manage- (NBI). Among his major publications is: (with Elassiouti, I.; ment and Resolution Department (CPMRD) of the Kofi Allam, M. N., 2006): “Rainfall-runoff modelling using artifi- Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre cial neural networks technique: a Blue Nile catchment case (KAIPTC) in Accra, Ghana since January 2007. Prior he study”, in: Hydrological Process., 20, 1201–1216. served as the African Union's first expert on counter-terror- ism, defence and security with responsibility for implement- ing the continental counter-terrorism strategy and oversight 1726 Authors

Address: Dr. Mamdouh Ahmed Antar, full mailing address Ghassem R. Asrar (USA), Ph.D., Director of the World Cli- please. mate Research Programme’s (WCRP) Joint Planning Staff; Email: . Deputy Administrator for Natural Resources and Agricul- tural Systems with Agricultural Research Service (ARS), of (Germany), Dr. scient., Programme Offic- Carolin E. Arndt the U.S. Department of Agriculture (2006-2008) after 20 er with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change years of service with the U.S. National Aeronautics and (IPCC) Secretariat; Scientific Consultant for the World Cli- Space Administration (NASA) as chief scientist and associ- (WCRP) Joint Planning Staff mate Research Programme’s ate administrator in the Office of Earth Science. Areas of (2006-2009). Main areas of expertise: sea ice dynamics expertise: remote sensing and Earth system modelling. Pub- (Arctic/Antarctic), biological oceanography and ecosystem lication highlights: Theory and Applications of Optical Re- analysis. Publication highlights: (Ed.): Climate Research in mote Sensing (New York, NY: John Wiley, 1989); (co-au- Service to Society (Geneva: WCRP, 2008); (Ed.): WCRP Ac- 2007 2008 thor with R. B. Myneni): “Space-based measurements of complishment Report - : Providing the Science to surface albedo, absorbed photosynthetically active radiation Climate Change Solutions (Geneva: WCRP, 2007); (Ed.): and solar radiation: A modeling study”, in: Remote Sensing WCRP Annual Report 2006-2007: New Futures: Building Reviews, 7 (1993): 197-222; (co-author with D. J. Dokken): on Great Success (Geneva: WCRP, 2006); (Ed.): WCRP An- The state of Earth science from space: Past progress, future nual Report 2005-2006 (Geneva: WCRP, 2007). prospects (Woodbury, NY: American Institute of Physics Address: Dr. Carolin E. Arndt, IPCC, c/o WMO, 7 bis Ave- [AIP] Press, 1995); “The contribution of environmental sat- nue de la Paix, Case Posta-le No 2300, CH-1211 Geneva, ellites to World Meteorological Organization programmes: Switzerland. past and present”, in: Bulletin World Meteorological Or- Email: ; . ganization, 51,2 (2002): 120-129; “The view from space as a Website: . window into the Earth system”, in: Glover, Linda K. (Ed.): National Geographic Encyclopedia of Space (Washington, Tulio Arredondo (Mexico), Ph.D., agronomist with gradu- 2005 ate studies in ecology and management of drylands at the DC: National Geographic, ); “Global agriculture in the 21st century: sustainable production of food, fiber, fuel and Utah State University, USA. With 20 years of experience in more”, in: GEO Secretariat (Ed.): (Leices- research dealing with conservation, restoration and man- The Full Picture ter, UK: Tudor Rose Publishers, 2007): 246-248. agement of drylands, in particular the extensive grazing sys- tems in Northern Mexico. His current research topics fo- Address: Dr. Ghassem R. Asrar, WMO, 7 bis Avenue de la cus on the impacts of global environmental change on the Paix, Case Postale 2300, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland. drylands of Northern Mexico. In particular, he is trying to Email: . understand the role of land use change on the functioning Website: . of semi-arid forest and grasslands. To advance the under- Andrews Atta-Asamoah (Ghana) is a Senior Researcher in standing of these phenomena at regional scales he is lead- the African Conflict Prevention Programme (ACPP) at ing a network (GRACILIS) that covers a 1200 km strip the Institute for Security Studies (ISS). Prior to his current along the semi-arid grassland biome establishing and imple- position based in Nairobi, Kenya, he was a Research Asso- menting similar research protocols in several sites. His cur- ciate at the Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolu- rent publications deal with the impacts of overgrazing on tion Department (CPMRD) of the Kofi Annan Interna- hydrologic function, genetic integrity of keystone species tional Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) in Accra, and organisms interactions of semiarid grasslands: “Fine- Ghana. He holds a Master of Arts degree in International scale spatial genetic structure in perennial grasses in three Affairs from the Legon Centre for International Affairs environments“, in: Rangeland Ecology and Management (LECIA) at the University of Ghana and a bachelor’s degree (2009): “Biological soil crusts exhibit a dynamic response from the University for Development Studies (UDS) in to seasonal rain and release from grazing with implications 2009 Ghana. He conducts research on peace and security issues for soil stability“, in: Journal of Arid Environments ( ); in Africa and has authored numerous articles and book “Root Responses to Short-Lived Pulses of Soil Nutrients chapters among which are: “Sanctions and Embargoes in and Shoot Defoliation in Seedlings of Three Rangeland Africa: Implementation dynamics, prospects and challenges Grasses”, in: (2009); Rangeland Ecology and Management in the case of Somalia”, ISS Paper 180 (Pretoria, Institute “Production and quality of senesced and green litterfall in a for Security, 2009); “Mühsame Suche nach afrikanischen pine-oak forest in central-northwest Mexico”, in: Forest Lösungen Afrikanische Friedensmis sionen brauchen häufig (2009); “Grazing effects on fun- Ecology and Management westliche Hilfe”, in: Weltsichten, 1,7 (July): 31-33;“Counter- gal root symbionts and carbon and nitrogen storage in a Terrorism and the National Security of African States: shortgrass steppe in Central Mexico“ in: Journal of Arid Points of Convergence and Departure”, in: Journal of Secu- (2008). Environments rity Sector Management, Cranfield: Cranfield University, Address: Dr. Tulio Arredondo, Division Ciencias Ambien- 2008; and “Understanding the West African Cyber Crime tales (IPICYT), Camino de la Presa de San Jose # 2055, Process”, in: African Security Review, 18,4, 2009, 106-114. Lomas 4ta seccion, San Luis Potosi, SLP CP 78216, Mexico. Address: Mr. Andrews Atta-Asamoah, Institute for Security Email: . Studies (ISS), P.O. Box 12869-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. Website: and . Biographies of Contributors 1727

Email: , and . East-West Institute, and then became political director of Website: . the Western European Union, after which she was appoint- ed ambassador of Great Britain in Finland. Her current re- (Turkey) is Professor of International Rela- Mustafa Aydin search interests include European, Nordic and Arctic securi- tions and Rector at Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey, ty issues and roles of non-state actors. Her 2009 book as well as the President of the International Relations Through European Eyes and recent papers can be accessed Council of Turkey. Previously he served as the Head of In- at: . She is a member of the ternational Relations Department at the University of Eco- Boards of several think-tanks, academic organizations and nomics and Technology, and the Director of International periodicals. Policy Research Institute (IPRI) of Ankara. He was 12 UNESCO Fellow at the Richardson Institute for Peace Address: Amb. Alyson J.K. Bailes, Strandvegur , ibud 0307 210 Studies, UK (1999); Fulbright Scholar at the JFK School of , IS- Gardabaer, Iceland. Government, Harvard University (2002); Alexander S. Ona- Email: . ssis Fellow at the University of Athens (2003); and Research Website: . 2003 Fellow at the EU Institute for Security Studies, Paris ( ). Alex H. Barbat (Spain): Civil Engineer of Technical Univer- His most recent work includes Central Asia in Global Poli- sity of Iasi, Romania; Doctor of Civil Engineering of the 2004 tics (in Turkish, ); International Security Today; Un- Technical University of Catalonia UPC, Barcelona (Spain). derstanding Change and Debating Security (ed. with K. He is Professor of Structural Mechanics at the Technical 2006 Ifantis, ); Turkish Foreign and Security Policy (ed. University of Catalonia (UPC). He conducts most of his re- 2006 ); Regional In/secuity: Redefining Threats and Re- search activity in the UPC’s International Centre of Numer- 2007 sponses (ed., ); Turkey’s Eurasian Adventure (in Turk- ical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE), in the field of seis- 2007 ish, ). mic damage evaluation for structures, stochastic simulation Address: Prof. Dr. Mustafa Aydin Kadir Has University, of the damage process and active and passive structural Cibali Campus, Kadir Has Caddesi, 34083 Cibali, Istanbul, control, seismic risk evaluation and disaster preparedness. Turkey. He published more than 60 articles in refereed interna- E-Mail: . tional journals on these topics and collaborated in more Website: . than 14 projects of the European Commission. He is the President of the Association for Earthquake Engineering (UK) is currently Visiting Professor at Alyson J.K. Bailes (AEIS) of Spain. He leads the Risk Management Group of the University of Iceland in Reykjavik, teaching on various CIMNE. He wrote various books; the last three are: El aspects of security studies, and also teaches a security poli- riesgo sísmico en el diseño de edificios (Madrid: Calidad cy course at the College of Europe in Bruges. From July Siderúrgica, 1998); Diseño sismorresistente de edificios 2002-August 2007 she was Director of the Stockholm Inter- (Barcelona: Reverté, 2000); and El riesgo sísmico y su pre- national Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), the first woman vención (Madrid: Calidad Siderúrgica, 2000). ever to hold that post. Her former career was spent largely 1 3 in the British Diplomatic Service and included postings in Address: Prof. Dr. Alex H. Barbat, Calle Jordi Girona - 1 Hungary, Germany, NATO HQ, China, Norway, and Fin- Mod. C . Campus Nord, Universidad Politécnica de Cat- land where she served as Ambassador. She was posted in aluña, Barcelona, Spain. 1970-1974 in Hungary, where she learned her first foreign Email: . language. She went on to deal with arms control at the UK Steffen Bauer (Germany) is a Senior Researcher at the Ger- Delegation to NATO in Brussels, then had a sequence of man Development Institute (DIE) in Bonn and a research home-based jobs including the EU internal policy desk; a assistant to the German Advisory Council on Global temporary attachment to an EU ‘Wise Men’ study team on Change (WBGU) since 2006. He is a political scientist at institutional reform; and an exchange posting to the British the DIE’s department “Environmental Policy and Manage- 1981 1984 Ministry of Defence. She was posted again in - at ment of Natural Resources” with a focus on international the Embassy in Bonn, dealing with defence and Berlin-relat- organization and global environmental governance. He is 1984 ed matters. In she returned to the FCO as Deputy also the Science and Technology Correspondent of Germa- Head of Policy Planning Department. She was selected in ny to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertifi- 1986 to be the Deputy Head of Mission at the British Em- cation (UNCCD). Recent research interests include security 1987 bassy in Beijing and began work there in after seven and development implications of climate change, the rele- months learning Mandarin. She spent two and a half years vance of international secretariats in global environmental in China, including the time of the Tian'anmen events, and governance, and adaptation to climate change and desertifi- during this period was part of the Sino-British negotiating cation with a regional focus on Sub-Sahara Africa. He has team for the future of Hong Kong. On return to the UK published inter alia in: Climate and Development, Global she took a short academic sabbatical at the Royal Institute Environmental Politics, Global Environmental Change, 1990 1994 for International Affairs in London. In - she was Journal of Environment and Development and in the Re- Deputy Head of Mission at the British Embassy in Oslo, view of International Organizations and has been a review- 1994 1996 and in - Head of the FCO Security Policy Depart- er for the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, UNEP’s Glo- 1996 1997 ment. From to she was a Vice-President responsi- bal Environment Outlook as well as a host of academic 1728 Authors

journals including Climate Policy, Land Degradation and er impacts of climate change such as on water resources. Development, International Environmental Agreements He is also interested in the wide-ranging effects of land use and Global Environmental Politics. He is co-editor of Ad- and land cover change on climate. He has pioneered a aptation to Climate Change in Southern Africa: New number of key developments in the extension of climate Boundaries for Development (with Imme Scholz, Earthscan models to include biological processes, and has published 2010), and of A World Environment Organization: Solu- over 50 peer-reviewed scientific papers and other articles. tion or Threat for Effective International Environmental As a lead author of the Intergovernmental Panel on Cli- Governance? (with Frank Biermann, Ashgate 2005), and mate Change (IPCC 2007), he lead the assessment of the one of the lead authors of Managers of Global Change: influences of land cover change on climate and contribut- The Influence of International Environmental Bureaucra- ing to the assessment of climate change impacts on fresh cies (edited by Frank Biermann and Bernd Siebenhüner, water. He played a similar role in the Millennium Ecosys- MIT Press 2009). tem Assessment. He was a leading peer-reviewer of the 2006 Address: Mr. Steffen Bauer, German Development Institute Stern Review of the Economics of Climate Change ( ). (DIE), Tulpenfeld 6, 53113 Bonn, Germany Among his major publications are: (with Boucher, O.; Col- Email: . lins, M.; Cox, P.M.: Falloon, P.D.; Gedney, N.; Hemming, Website: >http://www.die-gdi.de>. D.L.; Huntingford, C.; Jones, C.D.; Sexton, D.M.H.; Webb, M.J., 2007): “Projected increase in future river runoff Ulrich Beck (Germany) is Professor for Sociology at the through plant responses to carbon dioxide rise”, in: Na- University of Munich, and has been the British Journal of ture, 448: 1037-1042; (2007): “Implications of land ecosys- Sociology LSE Centennial Professor in the Department of tem-atmosphere interactions for strategies for climate Sociology since 1997. See biographies of authors of fore- change adaptation and mitigation”, in: Tellus B, 59,3: 602- words and preface essays. 615. Arno Behrens (Germany) holds a Master’s degree in eco- Address: Dr. Richard Betts, Hadley Centre, FitzRoy Road, nomics and is about to finish his PhD on dematerialisation Exeter, Devon EX1 3PB, United Kingdom. and decarbonisation issues. He is Research Fellow and Email: . Head of Energy at the Unit for Energy and Climate Change Website: . of the (CEPS). Before Centre for European Policy Studies Issa Martin Bikienga (Burkina Faso) is Deputy Executive that, he worked as Second Secretary at the German Federal Secretary of the Comité permanent Inter-Etats de Lutte Foreign Office in the context of the 2007 German Presi- Contre la Sécheresse dans le Sahel (CILSS). He studied in dency of the European Union. Other main cornerstones of Germany and France and received an agricultural engineer- his career include the European Commission (DG Develop- ing degree (University of Kassel, Federal Republic of Ger- ment), the Sustainable Europe Research Institute (SERI), many); a degree from the Centre d’Etudes Financières, and the United Nations Development Programme (UN- Economiques et Bancaires (Paris), and a degree from the DP). He published numerous articles and reports focusing Institut de Formation Agronomique et Rurale des Régions on European responses to energy and climate change issues Chaudes (Montpellier, France). Since January 2003 he has as well as policy options in support of sustainable develop- worked with CILSS as coordinator of policy programmes ment. Publications include ‘The Financing of the Global on food security, natural resources management, desertifi- Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund (GEEREF) cation control and since February 2005 as Deputy Execu- (2009), a Briefing Paper prepared for the European Parlia- tive Secretary. From October 1999 to November 2000 he ment, and a CEPS Policy Brief, Learning from the Crisis: A was Minister of Agriculture in Burkina Faso; from July 1996 Market Approach to Securing European Natural Gas Sup- to October 1999 he was Secretary-General of the Ministry (2009). He also published a CEPS Task Force Report plies of Agriculture and Animal Resources; from 1985 to 1995 he with C. Egenhofer entitled Energy Policy for Europe - Iden- worked as operations manager for the Société Sucrière de tifying the European Added-Value (2008). Other publica- la Comoé, in 1984 he was manager of a groundnuts project tions focus on energy security of supply in Europe, as well and from 1979 to 1983 he managed a phosphate project. He as on the financial impacts of climate change. is officer of the Ordre National Burkinabè and member of Address: Mr. Arno Behrens, Centre for European Policy the Association of Tropical Agricultural Engineers (Witzen- Studies (CEPS), 1, Place du Congres, 1000, Brussels, Bel- hausen, Germany) and of the West and Central African gium. Soil Science Association (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso). His Email: (office). publications include: Role and methodology of feasibility Richard Betts (UK) is Head of Climate Impacts at the Met study formulation within the context of irrigation project planning (1979, in German); La commercialisation des en- Office Hadley Centre, the UK government’s research cen- 1983 tre for climate change. He has a Bachelor’s degree in Phys- grais en Haute - Volta (Rome: FAO-FIAC, ); Les con- ics, a Master’s in Meteorology and Climatology, and his traintes à l’utilisation des engrais en Haute-Volta dans le développement des cultures vivrières (Paris: Centre PhD thesis examined the role of the world’s ecosystems in 1984 climate change. He has worked in climate modelling for 16 d’Etudes Financières, Economiques et Bancaires, ); “Sur l’efficacité agronomique du phosphate naturel de years, with a particular interest in the impacts of climate 16 3 4 change on ecosystem services and the interactions with oth- KODJARI”, in: Notes et Documents Burkinabé, , – (Ju- ly-December 1996); “Zur Anwendung des landeseigenen Biographies of Contributors 1729

Rohphosphates in der Landwirtschaft Burkina Faso”, in: the ecological and societal consequences of biological inva- Der Tropenlandwirt. Zeitschrift für die Landwirtschaft in sions. Among his major publications are: (with M. Richter): den Tropen und Subtropen (in German, 1985); “The Sugar “Regeneration of plant communities – an attempt to estab- Cane Irrigation Problems in the Sahel Region. Burkina Faso lish a typology and a zonal system” (1997); Vegetationsdy- as a Case Example (West Africa)”, in: Zeitschrift für Bewä- namik im Hochgebirge unter dem Einfluss natuerlicher serungswirtschaft (1989, in German); “The Drought in the Stoerungen (Stuttgart – Berlin: Borntraeger 1999); Case Sahel Region and its Consequences on Water Supply Pro- Studies on Alien Species in Germany (Berlin: German Fed- jects”, in: Zeitschrift für Bewässerungswirtschaft (1992, in eral Environmental Agency 2001); (co-author with Ch. Sch- German); Proposition de quelques technologies pratiques mitt): “Floristic diversity in fragmented Afromontane rain- pour la restauration et le maintien de la fertilité des sols au forests: altitudinal variation and conservation importance” Burkina Faso (Ouagadougou: Ministère de l’Agriculture, (2009); (co-author with V. Minden):“Effects of invasive al- Unité de Gestion de la Fertilité des Sols, 1995); Production ien Hedychium gardnerianum on native plant species re- agropastorale au Burkina Faso (Ouagadougou: Université generation in a Hawaiian rainforest” (2009). 1996 de Ouagadougou, ); Rentabilité financière et rentabili- Address: Adj. Prof. (PD) Dr. Hans Juergen Boehmer, Inter- té économique. Principes généraux et cas pratiques des en- disciplinary Latin America Center (ILZ), University of 1997 treprises et projets de production agricole ( ); Dévelop- Bonn, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany. pement humain durable. Contenu du Concept et Email: . implications pour la recherche Scientifique au Burkina Website: . le Burkina au XXIè siècle ? Forum de la Recherche Scienti- fique et Technologique (2000). Peter Bosch (The Netherlands) was Coordinator and Edi- tor of the 2007 report of the Address: Mr. Issa Martin Bikienga, Comité permanent Intergovernmental Panel on (IPCC) working group III on mitigation of Inter-Etats de Lutte Contre la Sécheresse dans le Sahel Climate Change (CILSS), 03 BP 7 156 - Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso. climate change. Before he was employed at the European in Copenhagen as a specialist on envi- Email: and . Environment Agency ronmental indicators. He has coordinated and edited a se- Website: . ries of pan-European state of the environment and environ- Jörn Birkmann (Germany) is Academic Officer and Head mental indicator reports. He was educated as a physical of the Vulnerability Assessment Section at the United Na- geographer, and has worked for many years in environmen- tions University - Institute for Human Security and Environ- tal statistics at Statistics Netherlands, working, among oth- ment (UNU-EHS). See biographies of editors. ers, on a project to calculate a sustainable national income indicator for The Netherlands. Among his major publica- Hans Jürgen Boehmer (Germany) is a vegetation ecologist, tions are: Climate Change 2007, Mitigation of Climate currently working as a Senior Research Scientist and Man- Change, IPCC; Europe’s Environment, the second and the aging Director at the Interdisciplinary Latin America Cent- third assessment (Copenhagen: European Environment (ILZ) of the University of Bonn, Germany. He gained a er Agency, 1998 and 2003 respectively). first degree in geography, political sciences, and communi- Address: Mr. Peter Bosch, TNO-environment, P.O. Box cation sciences from the University of Bamberg, Germany, 80015; 3508 TA Utrecht; The Netherlands. (1990), and his MSc. degree in geography with a specializa- E-mail: . tion in biogeography (1993) at the University of Erlangen- Website: . Nuremberg (Germany). A PhD (1998, Dr. rer. nat., Universi- ty of Erlangen-Nuremberg) for a dissertation on “Vegeta- Hans Günter Brauch (Germany), Privatdozent (Adj. Prof.) tion Dynamics in High Mountain Regions under Impact of at the Faculty of Political Science and Social Sciences, Free Natural Disturbances.” After several years of a post doctor- University of Berlin, since 1987 chairman of Peace Research al research in Hawaii’s rainforests (Post Doctoral Fellow at and European Security Studies (AFES-PRESS). See Biogra- the Botany Department, University of Hawaii, U.S.A., with phies of editors. Dieter Mueller-Dombois), he completed his habilitation thesis on “Dynamics and Invasibility of Hawaii’s Montane Carlo Buontempo (Italy/UK) Senior Scientist in Climate Rainforests” and obtained his habilitation at the Depart- Impacts at the Hadley Centre. He obtained his ment of Ecology, Technical University of Munich, Germa- Bachelor’s degree in Physics at University of Rome with a ny, in 2006. In 2007, he was appointed to be Adj. Professor thesis on ground-based measurements of cloud water con- (Priv.-Doz., PD) at the same department. His research fo- tent. After working on boundary layer processes for a cou- ple of years he started his PhD research on tropical convec- cuses on vegetation dynamics under the impact of natural 10 and human disturbance, particularly on the complex inter- tion at University of Aquila. Over the last years he has actions of natural vegetation dynamics, disturbance re- been developing numerical weather and regional climate gimes, biological invasions, and climate change. He has models. In his current role he provides specialist advice to field experience in a wide range of ecosystems in different companies and policymakers on how to increase their ca- ecozones. His recent publications include works on plant pacity in dealing with climate risk. He has an excellent diversity and dynamics of used and natural tropical mon- track record of publications communicating complex scien- tane rain forests in East Africa and the Pacific region, and tific information to both specialists and the general public. Among his major recent publications are: (with Scaife, 1730 Authors

Adam; Ringer, Mark; Sanderson, Michael; Gordon, Chris; was the scientific co-coordinator for the EU flood forecast- Mitchell, John. 2009): “Toward seamless Prediction Cali- ing research project FLOODRELIEF (2003-2007). He is bration of Climate Change Projections Using Seasonal currently Associate Editor of the Journal of Hydrology Forecasts”, in: Bulletin of the American Meteorological So- (2007- ), and on the Editorial Board, UK (ICE) Water Man- ciety (in press); (with Brookshaw, Anca; Arribas, Alberto; agement Journal. Among his major recent publications are: Mylne, Ken, 2010): “Multi-Scale Projections of Weather and (with Boegh, E.; Poulsen, R.N.; Abrahamsen, P.; Dellwik, Climate at the UK Met Office”; in: Troccoli, A. (Ed.): E.: Hansen, S.; Hasager, C.B.; Loerup, J.-K.; Pilegaard, K.; “Management of Weather and Climate Risk in the Energy Soegaard, H., 2009): “Remote sensing based evapotranspi- Industry”. NATO Science Series, (Dordrecht: Springer Aca- ration and runoff modeling of agricultural, forest and ur- demic Publishers). ban flux sites at Sjælland: from field to macro-scale”, in: 37 3 4 200 216 Address: Dr. Carlo Buontempo, Met Office Hadley Centre, Journal of Hydrology , - : - ; (with Overgaard J.; 2005 FitzRoy Road, Exeter, Devon EX1 3PB, United Kingdom. D Rosbjerg, ): “Land-surface modelling in hydrological 2 1815 1848 Email: . perspective”, in: Biogeosciences Discussions, : – , 2 1815 Website: . at: ; (with Payne, J. T.; Kristensen, M.; Madsen, H., 2004): “An evaluation of Jean-Francois Bureau (France) has been Assistant Secretary the impact of model structure on hydrological modelling General for Public Diplomacy of NATO since 2007. See Bi- uncertainty for streamflow prediction”, in: Journal of Hy- ographies of authors of forewords and preface essays. drology, 298,1-4: 242-266. Antonio [Tony] J. Busalacchi (USA), Ph.D., Director of the Address: Dr. Michael Butts, Agern Alle 5, DK 2970, Hør- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC) and sholm, Denmark. Professor in the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Email: . Science; Chair, Joint Scientific Committee, World Climate Website: . Research Programme (WCRP). Before 2000, he served as Vivienne Caballero (Colombia), Climate Change Pro- Chief of the NASA Goddard Laboratory for Hydrospheric gramme Specialist at the Environment and Energy Group, Processes. Main areas of expertise: climate variability and Bureau for Development Policy in UNDP (at the time of predictability, tropical ocean circulation and its role in the writing). Currently, Programme Officer at the UNDP- coupled climate system. Publication highlights: (co-author UNEP Poverty and Environment Initiative in the Regional with: J. Ballabrera, R. Murtugudde, RH Zhang): “Coupled Office for Latin America and the Caribbean based in Pana- Ocean-Atmosphere Response to Seasonal Modulation of ma. Her experience includes global climate change policy Ocean Color: Impact on Interannual Climate Simulations and water governance issues, as well as mainstreaming of in the Tropical Pacific”, in: , 20 Journal of Climatology climate change policies into national development policies (2007): 353-374; (co-author with: J. Kroger, J. Ballabrera-Poy, and processes in Latin America. She holds degrees in envi- P. Malanotte-Rizzoli): “Decadal variability of shallow cells ronmental science with specialization in biology from the and equatorial SST in a numerical model of the Atlantic”, University of Idaho, and in science and environmental writ- in: , 110 (2003) C12003, Journal of Geophysical Research ing from New York University where she also conducted ; (co-author with: D. Chen, studies in international affairs and non-governmental orga- D., S. E. Zebiak, M. A. Cane): “An improved procedure for nizations. She has authored and co-authored articles in the El Nino forecasting: Implications for predictability”, in: Sci- environmental field and on institutional capacity , 269 (1995): 1699-1702. ence development. Among her major publications: (co-author Address: Dr. Antonio J. Busalacchi, Earth System Science with Gomez-Echeverri, Luis, 2008): „Desarrollo Institucional Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC), Suite 4001, M Square y Creación de Capacidades en el Desarrollo Internacional“, Office Building, #950, 5825 University Research Court, Uni- in: Alonso, Gabriel; Jiménez, Juan Carlos (Coord.): For- versity of Maryland, College Park Maryland 20740, USA. talecimiento Institucional y Desarrollo (Madrid: Editorial Email: . Biblioteca Nueva): 47-60. Michael Butts (New Zealand, Denmark) is currently Head Address: Ms. Vivienne Caballero, Programme Officer, of Innovation for Water Resources and Environmental UNDP-UNEP Poverty and Environment Initiative at the Management at DHI. He obtained his 1st class Honours Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, degree in Physics from the University of Canterbury, New Building 103 Av Morse, City of Knowledge, Panama City, Zealand and MSc & PhD in Hydrology from the Technical Panama. University of Denmark. He has more than 20 years of pro- Email: . fessional experience in hydrology, including hydrological Website: . fieldwork and data analysis, network design and the devel- Osvaldo Francisco Canziani (Argentina) Ph.D., was Co- opment and application of hydrological databases and the Chair of Working Group II of the Intergovernmental Panel development and application of integrated models in water on Climate Change (IPCC) for its Third and Fourth Assess- resources and water quality projects. He has worked on wa- ments, and Vice-Chair of the IPCC Working Group II for ter resources and flood management projects in the United the Second Assessment. He was Professor of Meteorology States, Bangladesh, India, Hong Kong, China, Central at the University of Buenos Aires, and at the University of America, Denmark, Poland and the United Kingdom. He Asunción and La Molina (Lima, Peru). He was also the Biographies of Contributors 1731

UNDP Resident Representative in Paraguay and the Re- Disaster Resilient Societies (Tokyo: UNU Press): 189-209; gional Director of the World Meteorological Organization “The Need for Rethinking the Concepts of Vulnerability for The Americas and the Caribbean. He is currently an ad- and Risk from a Holistic Perspective: A Necessary Review visor to the General Directorate of the Environment, Minis- and Criticism for Effective Risk Management”, in: Bankoff, try of Foreign Relations in Argentina; advisor to the Hong Greg; Frerks, Georg; Hilhorst, Dorothea (Eds.), 2004: Kong Climate Change Forum; technical advisor, Interna- Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People tional Court of Justice, The Hague; academician, Argentina (London: Earthscan); (co-author with Carreño, Martha-Lili- Academy of Environmental Sciences; member of the Edito- ana; Barbat, Alex H., 2006): “Neuro-Fuzzy Assessment of rial Board of Regional Enviropnmental Change (Springer). Building Damage and Safety After an Earthquake”, in Lagar- Furthermore, he teaches in postgraduate courses in various os, Nikos D.; Tsompanakis, Yiannis. (Eds): Intelligent Com- national and private universities, including the University of putational Paradigms in Earthquake Engineering (Hershey Belgrano, Buenos Aires. He obtained many prizes among PA: Idea Group Inc.). Recent English journals publications in- them: Prize Senator Domingo Faustino Sarmiento by the clude: (co-author with Carreño Martha-Liliana, Barbat Alex National Senate of the Argentine Republic (2009); 2008 H., 2010): “Computational Tool for Post-Earthquake Evalu- Human Rights Prize of the B´nai B´rith Association ation of Damage in Buildings”, in: Earthquake Spectra, 26,1 (2008); Juntos Educar 2008 by the Archbishop of Buenos (February): 63–86; (co-author with Carreño, Martha-Liliana; Aires and Cardinal of Argentina; Professor h.c. of the Na- Marulanda, Mabel-Cristina; Barbat, Alex H., 2009): “Holis- tional Universities of Bahía Blanca and Córdoba (Argenti- tic urban seismic risk evaluation of megacities: Application na) (2008); co-recipoient of the 2007 Peace Nobel Prize as and robustness”, in: Mendes-Victor, Luis A.; Sousa Oliveira, a Member of the IPCC Bureau. He has published over 100 Carlos; Azevedo, J.; Ribeiro, A. (Eds.): The 1755 Lisbon research papers, book chapters and conference proceed- Earthquake: Revisited (New York: Springer); (co-author ings. He obtained a diploma of Imperial College (1948), a with Marulanda, Mabel-Cristina; Barbat, Alex H., 2009): MSc in meteorology of London University (1948) and a “Robustness of the holistic seismic risk evaluation in urban Ph.D. in meteorology of Universidad de Buenos Aires centers using the USRi”, in: Journal of Natural Hazards, (1953). 49, 3 (June): 501–516; (co-author with Ordaz, Mario G.; 2008 Address: Prof. Dr. Osvaldo F. Canziani, Av R. Scalabrini Marulanda, Mabel-Cristina; Barbat, Alex H., : “Estima- Ortiz 1978, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina. tion of Probabilistic Seismic Losses and the Public Economic Email: . Resilience – An Approach for a Macroeconomic Impact Eval- uation”, in: Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 12,S2, (Janu- Omar Darío Cardona A. (Colombia): Civil Engineer of the ary): 60-70; (co-author with Ordaz, Mario G.; Yamín, Luis E.; National University of Colombia (UNC), Manizales; Doc- Marulanda, Mabel-Cristina; Barbat, Alex H., 2008): “Earth- tor of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics of quake Loss Assessment for Integrated Disaster Risk Manage- the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Spain. He is ment”, in: Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 12, S2, (Janu- Professor and Researcher at the Institute of Environmental ary): 48–59; (co-author with Carreño, Martha-Liliana; Studies of UNC and at the Centre of Studies on Disasters Barbat, Alex H., 2007): “A disaster risk management perfor- and Risks (CEDERI) of the University of Los Andes (UNI- mance index”, in: Journal of Natural Hazards, 41, 1 (April): ANDES) and visiting professor of the International Centre 1-20; (co-author with Carreño, Martha-Liliana; Barbat, Alex of Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE) of the H., 2006): “Urban Seismic Risk Evaluation: A Holistic Ap- UPC in Barcelona and of the European University Centre proach”, in: Journal of Natural Hazards, 40, 1 (January): for Cultural Heritage (CUBEC) in Ravello. He is the 137-172. former President of the Colombian Association for Earth- 19 84 quake Engineering (AIS) and General Director of the Na- Address: Prof. Dr. Omar Darío Cardona A., Carrera A - 14 502 504 tional Directorate of Disaster Prevention and Attention , Of. / , Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. (DNPAD). He has been a consultant of the Inter-American Email: and . other international agencies. He is a founding member of Monalisa Chatterjee (India) is a doctoral candidate in the the Latin American Network of Social Studies on Disaster Department of Geography, Rutgers University, NJ, USA Prevention (LA RED). He is the Coordinator Lead Author working on “Urban Flood Loss Sharing and Redistribution of the chapter on “Determinants of Risk: Vulnerability and Mechanisms among the Impoverished Industrial Population Exposure” of the IPCC Special Report on Managing the of Mumbai”. Her research examines informal coping meth- Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate ods of poor urban flood victims and studies the impact of 2004 Change Adaptation (SREX). In he was awarded the globalization on the changing nature of coping strategies. UN Sasakawa Disaster Prevention Prize “in recognition of In her doctoral research she also explores the possibility of his outstanding research contributions to knowledge and integrating poor population with more formal mechanisms innovative practices for vulnerability assessment and disas- of risk redistribution and loss sharing. Among her publica- ter risk reduction worldwide.” Publications: He has several tions are: “Slum dwellers response to flooding events in the publications in Spanish. Recent English books and chapters megacities of India”, in: Mitigation and Adaptation Strate- include: “A System of Indicators for Disaster Risk Manage- gies for Global Change, 15,4 (2010): 337-353; “Urban Vulner- 2006 ment in the Americas”, in: Birkmann, Jörn (Ed.), : Mea- ability – Case Study: Floods in Mumbai”, in: Lever-Tracy, suring Vulnerability to Hazards of Natural Origin: Towards 1732 Authors

Constance (Ed.): Handbook for Climate Change and Soci- Cecilia Conde Álvarez (México), Dr. (National Autono- ety. Routledge (i.p.); “Shifting Vulnerabilities: A Study in mous University of Mexico, UNAM), Researcher of Cli- Flood Affected Slums of Mumbai”. Source 10/2008 (Bonn: mate Cchange and Climate Variability, Centre of Atmos- UNU-EHS): 100-109; (with Mitchell, James K.): 2007. “The pheric Sciences of UNAM and chief of its Interdisciplinary Changing Environment”, in: Auerbach, Paul S. (Ed.): Wil- Climate Change Programme. She is a Focal Point of the derness Medicine: Management of wilderness and environ- Nairobi Work Programme of the United Nations Frame- ental emergencies (St. Louis: Mosby Year Book Inc., work Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). She has 52007): 2184–2198; “The Scope of Natural Hazard Insur- coordinated various interdisciplinary projects related to im- ance in Developing Countries”, in: Feng, H. Lizhong Yu & pacts, vulnerability and adaptation of climate variability and William Solecki (Eds.): Urban Dimensions of Environmen- change, particularly on the agricultural sector, with the in- tal Change: Science, Exposures Policies and Technologies volvement of regional stakeholders. She has collaborated (Monmouth, NJ: Science Press, 2005): 130-139. with the Mexican government in the elaboration of the Address: Ms. Monalisa Chatterjee, Department of Geogra- Mexican National Communications, and with regional and phy, Rutgers University, 54 Joyce Kilmer Blvd. Piscataway local governments in the development of their Climatic Ac- NJ 08854-8045 USA. tion Plans. She is a member of the Council for Climate 23 Email: and: . ers that supports de Mexican federal government in the de- sign of its National Strategy of Climate Change. She has Béchir Chourou (Tunisia) was Professor of International participated in workshops for some Latin American coun- Relations at the University of Tunis-Carthage in Tunisia. tries (Belize, Ecuador, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, See: Biographies of editors. Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama) supporting them in the development of their National Communications and in John A. Church (Australia), Ph.D., an Oceanographer with their projects related to the economy and climate change. CSIRO, the Centre for Australian Weather and Climate She was co-author of the Research and the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Coop- Adaptation Policy Frameworks erative Research Centre, a Principal Investigator on NASA/ for Climate Change: Development Strategies, Policies and CNES Topex/Poseidon and Jason Science Working Teams Measures, published by the United Nations Development since 1987, co-convening lead author for the chapter on Sea Programme (UNDP). She was lead author of two chapters for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Level in the IPCC Third Assessment Report, Co-Chaired 2007 the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (1994-1998) and (IPCC) that was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in . the World Climate Research Programme (2006-2008), a She has published books, reports and articles in Atmosfera, Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Scienc- Climate Research, Climatic Change, and in Applied Vegeta- es and Engineering. Awarded the 2006 Roger Revelle tion Science. Medal by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commis- Address: Dr. Cecilia Conde, Centro de Ciencias de la sion, a CSIRO Medal for Research Achievement in 2006, Atmósfera, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, the 2007 Eureka Prize for Scientific Research and present- 04510, México, D.F., México. ed the 2008 AMOS R.H. Clarke Lecture. He is a member Email: . of the IPCC team that won the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize. Website: . Julie Arblaster): “Significant decadal-scale impact of volcan- Paul C. Crutzen (The Netherlands), Nobel Laureate for ic eruptions on sea level and ocean heat content”, in: Na- Chemistry in 1995; Member of the Max-Planck-Society for , 438 (2005): 74 –77, ; (with ture the Advancement of Science, Director Emeritus of the At- N. J. White): “A 20th century acceleration in global sea-level mospheric Chemistry Division, Max-Planck-Institute for rise”, in: Geophysical Research Letters, 33 (2006) L01602, Chemistry, Mainz, Germany (1980-2000). See biographies ; (with Catia M. Domingues, of authors of forewords and preface essays. Neil J. White, Peter J. Gleckler, Susan E. Wijffels, Paul M. Barker, Jeff R. Dunn): “Improved estimates of upper-ocean Mohammed Dajani Daoudi (Palestine), Ph.D, Ph. D. is a warming and its contribution to multi-decadal sea level- Professor of Political Science and International Relations; rise”, in: Nature, 453 (2008): 1090-1093, ; (coed. with Siedler, Gerold; Gould, John): versity and founding director of the Wasatia Moderate Is- Ocean circulation and Climate, Observing and modelling lamic Movement in Palestine. He is a Jerusalem-born schol- the global ocean. International Geophysics Series, vol. 77 ar and peace activist with two doctorate degrees in (San Diego: Academic Press, 2001). government (University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 1981 1984 Address: Prof. Dr. John A. Church, CSIRO Marine and ; University of Texas, Austin, Texas, ). He is chair- Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania man. Board of Directors, House of Water and Environ- 7001. Australia. ment; member, Board of Directors, YMCA-West Jerusalem; Email: . founding director, Jerusalem Studies and Research Institute. Website: . He was the founding director of the Palestinian Public Ad- ministration National Institute; senior consultant on public administration of the Palestinian Ministry of Planning and Biographies of Contributors 1733

International Cooperation. Between mid-1998 and 2004 he Email: , . partment, (PECDAR), in charge of implementing a US$ 23- million World Bank Technical Assistance Trust Fund. Be- Simon Dalby (Canada), Ph.D. (Simon Fraser University, tween 1995 and 1997 he worked as Chief Technical Advisor, Vancouver), Professor of Geography, Environmental Etud- ies and Political Economy, Carleton University, Ottawa. His United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Pro- gramme of Assistance to the Palestinian People, providing research work concerns critical geopolitics, environmental training and consultancy services to the Palestinian Authori- security and political ecology and increasingly how all these ty on public administration development and institution matters link up with contemporary discussions of empire, building. Between 1990 and 1995, he founded and acted as and modes of urban consumption in the metropoles of the chairman of the Department of Political Science and Diplo- global economy. His articles have appeared in diverse macy, Applied Science University, Amman, Jordan. He fre- scholarly journals including: Alternatives, Antipode, Aus- quently participates in local, regional and international con- tralian Journal of International Affairs, Geopolitics, Global ference, and is author and co-author of numerous academic Environmental Politics, Intelligence and National Security, books and articles in English and Arabic. He co-authored International Politics, Political Geography, Society and and He is author of: with Dr. Munther Dajani: Economic Sanctions: Ideals and Space Studies in Political Economy. (London – New York: Pinter Experience (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul,1983); Eco- Creating the Second Cold War and Guilford, 1990) and (Minneap- nomic Diplomacy (Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1985); Al- Environmental Security olis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002); Siyassa: Nazariat wa Mafaheem [Politics: Concepts and Security and En- (Cambridge: Polity, 2009). He is co- Theories (Amman: Palomino Press, 1986); al-Nizam al-Siya- vironmental Change editor of: (London: Routledge, ssi al-Urduni [An Introduction to the Jordanian Political Rethinking Geopolitics 1998); (London: Routledge 11998, System] (Amman: Palomino Press, 1993); Manhajiet al- The Geopolitics Reader 22006) and of the journal . Bahth al-Ilmi fi ilm el-Siyassa [Scientific Research Method- Geopolitics ology in Political Science] (Jerusalem: Al-Quds University Address: Prof. Dr. Simon Dalby, Department of Geography and the Palestinian Center for Regional Studies, 1997); Al- and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, 1125 Colo- Democratia wal Ta’adudieh [Democracy and Political Plu- nel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S5B6 Canada. ralism] (Al-Bireh: Palestinian Center for Regional Studies, Email: . 1998); al-Hukum wa al-Idara (Government and Administra- Website: . tion (Jerusalem: al-Quds University, 2001); al- Muqademah Amb. Jayantha Dhanapala (Sri Lanka) has been President (Introduction to Political Science fi al-Ulum Al-Siassiyah of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs (Jerusalem: al-Quds University, 2009).He is author of: since November 2007. From 1998 to 2003 he was Under [Quds Glossary of International Terms] Mu’jam al-Quds Secretary-General of the United Nations for Disarmament. (Jerusalem: Palestinian Center for Regional Studies, 2001); See biographies of authors of forewords and preface essays. Wasatia (Jerusalem, Wasatia Publishing, 2007); Wasatia: Min al-Nazaria ila Tatbik [Wasatia: From Theory to Prac- Abdel Kader Dodo (Niger), Expert in Hydrogeology and tice] (Jerusalem: Wasatia Publishing, 2008); Biblioghrafia al- in charge of the Water Programme and Manager of the Iul- Quds al-Sharif [A Bibliography of Arabic Books on Jerusa- lemeden Aquifer System (IAS) project at the Sahara and lem] ( Jerusalem: Wasatia Publishing, 2009); Biblioghrafia Sahel Observatory (OSS). He has PhD from the University al-Kutub al-Arabia on American Affairs [A Bibliography of of Neuchâtel in Switzerland focusing on groundwater deep Arabic Books on American Affairs] (Jerusalem: Al-Quds flows in the great Niger basin. Since 1993, he has served as University, 2009); Wasatia: The Spirit of Islam (Jerusalem: a senior lecturer and researcher at the Abdou Moumouni Wasatia Publishing, 2009). University in Niamey (Niger). Concurrently, in 2000, he Address: Prof. Dr. Mohammed Dajani Daoudi, P. O. Box was appointed as the national director for water resources 14085, Jaffa Gate, Jerusalem, Israel. at the Ministry in charge of water resource in the Republic 2004 Email: and < mohddajani@hot- of Niger. He joined OSS in . He has published articles mail.com >. and co-authored books in hydrogeology and hydro-ecology. Website: and . research activities. In , due to his contribution at the national level, he became an Officer in the National Order Ashraf M. Dajani (Palestine), Ph. D. Candidate at the Law of Merit in the Republic of Niger. Department of the European University Institute in Flor- Address 1: Dr. Abdel Kader Dodo, Sahara and Sahel ence, Italy. His doctorate dissertation is entitled “Jerusalem Observatory (OSS), Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat, BP in international law”. He received master degrees from the 31, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia. European University Institute, the University of Lund, and Address 2: Dr. Abdel Kader Dodo, Université Abdou Mou- the University of Malta where he studied International Law, mouni, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Géologie, BP Human Rights and Democratization. 10662, Niamey, Niger. Address: Mr. Ashraf Al-Dajani, Department of Law, Euro- Email: . pean University Institute, Via Boccaccio 121,1-50133, Flor- Website: . ence, Italy. 1734 Authors

Frédéric Dumay (France), Research Engineer, specialist in vate and public organisations including various Directo- remote sensing for dry ecosystems. He works on desertifi- rates-General of the European Commission, the European cation in drylands (mainly in Mauritania). In 2006-2007 he Parliament, NGOs and business organisations. He has pub- was involved in the NATO Programme Security Through lished more than 100 articles and books on climate change Science, Collaborative Linkage Grant on: “Use of indica- and energy and is a member of several editorial boards and tors for desertification in the oasian settlements” in collab- frequent reviewer for journals. Recent books include, oration with the universities of Errachidia (Morroco) and amongst others Climate Change and Trade: Taxing Car- Blida (Algéria), and in 2005-2007 in two programmes of bon at the Border; (co-author with D. Gros, 2010): Beyond AUF 6313PS590 on: “Dynamique du courant éolien littoral Bali: Strategic Issues of the Global Climate Change Negoti- du Maroc à la Mauritanie et aggravation de l'ensablement ations (editor, 2008) and Climate and Trade Policy (co-ed., des infrastructures humaines par sa rencontre avec les courants 2007). continentaux: spécificité des mécanismes d’ensablement de Address: Mr. Christian Egenhofer, Centre for European Pol- Nouadhibou et de Nouakchott” with the Universities of icy Studies (CEPS), Place du Congres 1, 1000 Brussels, Bel- 2 2092 521 Nouakchott and Errachidia; and of AUF P - RR on: gium. “Techniques traditionnelles de gestion et d'utilisation de Email: (office). l'eau en milieu soudano-sahélien camerounais, en parallèle avec les données acquises en milieu soudano-sahélien Mohamed El Raey (Egypt), Professor of Environmental ivoirien. Etudes de cas” with the university of Abidjan (Ivo- Physics, University of Alexandria, Alexandria. He obtained ry Coast) and N'agoundéré (Cameroon). His major publica- a Ph.D. in space physics; University of California, Berkeley tions include: with M. Mainguet: “The concept of global (1971). Upon is return to Egypt he initiated and chaired the wind action system and sediment balance, keys for aeolian first department of environmental studies and he was dean action monitoring”. The International Conference on of the Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Universi- Desert Development in the Arab Gulf Countries, Safat, ty of Alexandria (1994-2004). He is a member of the Prime State of Kuwait, 23-26 March 1996, in: Samira Omar, A.S.; Minster’s National Committee on Climate Change in Balkema, A.A. (Eds.): Sustainable Development in Arid Egypt, chairman of the Sector Committee on Environment, Zones (Rotterdam: Brookfield, 1998: 127–141; with M. Supreme Council of Egyptian Universities (2007- to date). Mainguet: “La sédentarisation en milieu sec est-elle un pro- He is environment advisor, Arab Academy of Science, Tech- grès? Observations en Mauritanie”, in: Haramata, No. 50 nology and Maritime Transport and is presently working to (London: October 2006); with Mainguet, M.; Mahfoud, A.; initiate the Regional Arab Center for Disaster Risk Reduc- Hacen, L.: “Baseline and Growth Indicators for Desertifica- tion. Has received many awards including, the National tion in the Saharo - Sahelian Area of Mauritania and their State Award (1983), the Medal of Science and Arts of First Monitoring from 1953 to 1998”. UNEP, Desertification Class (1985), the Price of the Arab Ministers of Environ- Control Bulletin N° 34 (1999): 21-30; with Mainguet, M.; ment (1999) and the University of Alexandria Appreciation Lémine Ould Elhacen, Mohamed; Mahfoudh, A.: “Diagnos- Award (2006). He has published extensively on problems tic par télédétection d'un changement de rythme de la dy- of remote sensing, climate change and vulnerability of the namique éolienne: période d'amorce de la désertification coastal zone of Egypt. Among his major publications are: en Mauritanie Saharo-Sahélienne”, in: Télédétection 2001, (1991): “Responses to the Impacts of Greenhouse-Induced 2,2, AUPELF-UREF (Paris: GB Science Publisher): 129-136. Sea-Level Rise on Egypt”, in: Titus, J.G. (Ed.): Changing Climate and the Coast, vol. 2: West Africa, the Americas, Address: Dr. Frédéric Dumay, Université de Reims, Labo- the Mediterranean Basin, and the Rest of Europe (Wash- ratoire GEGENA², Université de Reims Champagne-Arden- ington, DC: UNEP & USEPA); (1994): (co-author with 51 100 ne, Reims, France. Dewidar, Khaled; El-Hattab, Mamdouh, 1999): “Adaptation Email: . to the sea level rise in Egypt”, in: Journal of Climate Re- 12 2 3 6 117 128 Pál Dunay (Hungary) is faculty member, Geneva Centre for search, , - (CR Special ): – ; (co-author with Fou- 2000 Security Policy and since the beginning of 2010 he has also da, Yaser; Gal, P., ): “GIS for Environmental assess- been Head of the International Security Programme at the ment of impacts of urban encroachment of Rosetta GCSP. See biographies of editors. Region”, in: Egyptian Journal on Environmental Monitor- ing and Assessment, 60,2: 217–233; (co-author with Fouda, Christian Egenhofer (Germany) holds a Master's degree in Yaser; Nasr, Samir, 1997): “GIS Assessment of the vulnera- Administration from the University of Konstanz as well as a bility of the Rosetta area, Egypt to impacts of sea rise”, in: Public Law degree. He is now a Senior Fellow at the Centre Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 47, 1: 59–77; for European Policy Studies (CEPS), a Brussels-based think (co-author with Frihy, Omran; Nasr, Samir M.; Dewidar, tank specialising in EU affairs, where he is head of the Khaled, 1998, 1999): “Vulnerability Assessment of Sea level Energy, Climate and Environment Programme since 2000. Rise over Port-Said Governorate, Egypt”, in: Journal of En- He is also a Senior Research Fellow and Jean-Monnet Lec- vironmental Monitoring, 56: 113–128; (co-author with Nasr, turer at the Centre for Energy, Petroleum and Mineral Law Samir M.; Frihy, Omran; Desouki, Sahar; Dewidar, Khalid, and Policy at the University of Dundee in Scotland/UK 1995): “Potential impacts of Accelerated sea level rise on Al- since 1999 and a visiting Professor at the College of Europe exandria governorate”, in: Journal of Coastal Research in Warsaw and Bruges and at LUISS University in Rome. (special issue 14): 190–204; (co-author with Nasr, Samir M.; He has a 20 years experience in consultancy both for pri- El-Hattab, Mamdouh; Frihy, Omran, 1995): “Change Detec- Biographies of Contributors 1735 tion of Rosetta Promontory over the Last Forty Years”, in: Email: . International Journal of Remote Sensing, 16,5: 825-834; (co- author with Shardul Agrawala; Annett Moehner; Declan Fátima Flores Palacios (Mexico) is Professor of Psychology Conway: Maarten van Aalst; Marca Hagenstad; Joel Smith, at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and teaches at the postgraduate level. Her research interests are 2004): Development And Climate Change In Egypt: Focus gender issues, health related behaviour, the psychosociolo- on Coastal Resources and The Nile, (Paris: OECD). gy of HIV/AIDS, and Social Representation Theory. Be- Address: Prof. Dr. Mohamed El Raey, Institute of Graduate sides her university related work she is also psychotherapist. Studies and Research, University of Alexandria; Alexandria, She has published numerous papers in her fields of exper- Egypt. tise and published and co-edited several books. Her most Email: . recent co-edited books are: Social Psychology and Gender Website: . (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill – Mexico, D.F.: UNAM, Walter R. Erdelen (Germany): Ph.D., Assistant Director- 2001); Paths of Social Thought (México D. F.: Ediciones General for Natural Sciences, UNESCO since 2001. Within Coyoacán/UNAM, 2002), and (with Blázquez, N.; Rios, UNESCO he is responsible for the overall formulation, M.): Epistemología feminista (México D. F., CRIM/CEI- planning and coordination of UNESCO’s strategy, pro- ICH/UNAM, in press). grammes and plans of action in the natural sciences that Address: Prof. Dr. Fátima Flores Palacios, Facultad de Psi- include those of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic cología, UNAM, México D.F., México. Commission, the International Hydrological Programme, Email: . the International Geoscience Programme, the Man and the Website: . Programme. This includes fostering international activities, strengthening endogenous capacities, developing major Ismail Abd El Galil Hussein (Egypt), is Head of the Agri- intergovernmental and inter-disciplinary cooperation pro- cultural Office at the Embassy of Egypt in Washington/ grammes on environmental issues and sustainable manage- USA, a Professor of Pomology and the former chairman of ment of natural resources, developing or improving link- Desert Research Center (DRC) which was founded in 1951 ages between governments, scientists, the private sector to explore and utilize the natural resources in the Egyptian and civil society. He holds a Ph.D. in ecology and zoology deserts in a sustainable manner. He obtained a Ph.D in po- from the University of Munich, and a habilitation in bioge- mology in 1985 in a collaborative reseach programme be- ography from the University of the Saarland. Following tween the unversities of Cairo and Hannover. For two years positions at the University of Munich, the Zoological he was a visting scientist on on-farm water management at Museum in Munich, and Saarland University, in 1995 he the University of Arizona and the University of Texas was appointed Professor of Ecology and Biogeography at A&M. He set up two Desert Reseach and Extension Cen- the Institute for Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology and tres in Sinai and established the Egyptian Desert Gene Director of the Ecological Field Station, University of Würz- Bank (1996-2000) which was selected by Bioversity Interna- burg. In 1997 he became visiting professor at the Dept. of tional as the Center of Excellence for CWANA for its effi- Biology, Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia. He cient operational system reflecting state of the art technolo- has consulted for national and international agencies work- gy in seed banking, conservation and utilization of plant ing on land use issues, nature conservation, and in the terti- genetic resources and promoting greater use of neglected ary education sector in Africa and Asia. He authored over plant species in the region. He established the Egyptian 70 scientific papers and reviews, he currently is Director of Observatory at DRC to build capacity, a database and infor- Publication for the UNESCO newsletter, A World of mation to help combat desrtification in Egypt and Africa. Science, and recently led the publication of Sixty Years of Since 2003 he has been the national focal point of the Unit- Science at UNESCO: 1945-2005 (Paris. UNESCO). ed Nation Convention to Combat Desertification (UNC- CD) and he served as the chair of the Committe of the Address: Prof. Dr Walter R. Erdelen, Natural Sciences Sec- Whole (COW) at COP9 in Buenos Aires (2009). He was 1 75732 tor, UNESCO, rue Miollis, Paris, France. awarded the silver medal of FAO World Food Day (Octo- Email: . ber 2003) and became a guardian of diversity in the Medi- Website: . terranian on Biodiversity World Day (2009). Louise von Falkenhayn (Australia) was an Academic Of- With over thirty years of experience in technical assistance ficer for the International Human Dimensions Programme for international institutions, local, and national govern- on Global Environmental Change (IHDP) Secretariat in ments in areas of farm management, dry farming, water Bonn. She is a specialist in biomonitoring and environmen- management, agro meteorology and seed banking he signif- tal management of Australian freshwater tropical systems icantly enhanced various agricultural activities in Egypt. He and obtained her Ph.D. in social science from The Univer- managed agricultural development projects involving stake- sity of Adelaide, Australia. As an environmental change ge- holders with different agendas and plans, such as the genet- ographer and scientist her interests focus on exploring the ic resources policy initiative (GRPI) with six pathfinder impacts of people and climate change on ecosystems. The countries (Egypt, Vietnam, Peru, Ethiopia, Nepal and Zam- focus of her current work is on ecosystem services and is- bia) in three subregions (East, West and Central Africa). sues of vulnerability, resilience and adaption. Another successful IFAD funded ptoject. coordinated by IP- 1736 Authors

GRI, dealt with “Enhancing the Contribution of Neglected Address: Dr. Zhanyi Gao, China Institute of Water and Underutilized Species to Food Security, and to In- Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), No. 20 comes of the Rural Poor”, involving farmers and NGOs West Chegongzhuang Rd., Beijing 100048, People’s Repub- from Asia, North Africa and Latin America. The Matrouh lic of China. Resources Management Project (MRMP) funded by the Email: . Government of Egypt and the World Bank relied on a com- Website: . munity driven approach. He also founded a station for re- search and extension in Toshka in Southern Egypt. He par- Jorge García Gómez (Spain), Agronomic Engineer and En- ticipated in many international conferences and officially vironmentalist, DEA on physical geography. His main re- search areas are erosion processes and desertification. He represented the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Recla- was a technical expert in the Desertlinks Project and coor- mation (MALR) in regional and international events, he chaired the African ministers of agriculture meeting of dinator of the LIFE project “Almond Pro soil” funded by NEPAD initiative during the African Union Summit in Mo- the EU. He was also involved in other cooperation and re- zambique 2003 and in 2002 he represented Egypt at the search projects and is a consultant for government bodies, research centres and NGO’s in Spain, Africa and Latin UN secretariat of the Convention of Biodiversity (CBD) in Monterial with his expertise in policy implementation. He America. He also worked as a consultant for NGO's in is an observer of the Interim Panel of Eminent Experts to Cuba and Argentina. He has co-authored articles and chap- establish the Global Crop Diversity Trust in Rome (Italy). ters in books with López-Bermúdez. He is partner of the consultancy firm “Eurovertice Consultores S.L” and mem- He represents MALR in the Executive Board of the Arab ber of environmental associations and NGOs. League Center for Arid Zone Studies (ACSAD) in Syria and in the Observatory of Sub Sahara and Sahel (OSS) in Tu- Address: Mr. Jorge García Gómez, Carril de los Luíses 48, nis. His communication and negotiation skills were essen- 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain. tial for handling vital agricultural initiatives in Egypt and for Email: . securing the needed funds for their implementation. Andrés Miguel García Lorca (Spain), PhD in Geography, Address: Prof. Dr. Ismail A. Hussein, Desert Research Professor of Regional Geographic Analysis of the Universi- Center, Mathaf Mataria Street, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt. ty of Almeria, scientific advisor of the Organización Email: and . since 1989. He has directed and participated in ten research projects in Spain, the United Kingdom, Costa Rica, Argen- Zhanyi Gao (China) is the Director of the Department of tine, Cuba and Honduras. He has also directed numerous Irrigation and Drainage, China Institute of Water Re- research contracts for public and private agencies in Spain sources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), and Director of the National Centre for Efficient Irrigation Technology and in Latin America, he was responsible for scientific 1989 courses and seminars in most Latin American countries, Research (Beijing). He has served with IWHR since 6 and holds a Master’s Degree from the North China Water and he directed PhDs in geography and several end of 1989 studies projects in agricultural engineering. He has been a Resources and Hydropower University ( ) and a PhD 20 1977 from IWHR (2005). He has also served as a Senior Engi- speaker at international congresses. Since he has neer at IWHR since 1995. From 2005 to 2008 he served as been publishing in scientific journals, he is an author or editor of 14 books, and of 30 chapters in several books ed- the Vice President of International Commission on Irriga- 2003 ited in Spain and in Latin America: Geografía e inte- tion and Drainage (ICID). Since he has served as Di- 1999 rector, Board of Directors, Chinese Hydraulic Engineering gración. Retos y alternativas para América Latina ( ); Society. Up to now he has been project leader for 21 na- From traditional agriculture to technology, from emigra- 5 tion to inmigration (1995); Tendencias y transformaciones tional and international projects. As an expert he at- 1999 tended several projects and review activities funded by the en la agricultura intensiva almeriense( ); Influencia de World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Food and la agroindustria en las transformaciones de los municipios rurales (2002); Andalucía –Norte de Afríca: De la coopera- Agriculture Organization (FAO). His interested research ar- 2003 eas include research and dissemination of water-saving tech- ción a la integración ( ); Anotaciones sobre los cultivos bajo plástico en China (2005); La agricultura litoral nology, irrigation water management and assessment, irri- 2005 2009 gation development and food security, wastewater reuse, ( ).Inmigración y desarrollo regional ( ) drainage and salinity controlling, the effect of climate Address: Prof. Dr. Andrés Miguel García Lorca. Universi- change on irrigated agriculture. Among his major publica- dad de Almería: Campus Universitario. E-04120. Almería. tions are: “Integrated Wastewater Irrigation and Treat- Spain. ment”, in: Water Resources Journal (December 2003); Email: . “Discussion on the Selection of Effective Water Use Tech- Website: http://www.ual.es/ niques in Large-sized Irrigation Districts in China” (Decem- Adeniyi Sulaiman Gbadegesin (Nigeria), is a Professor and ber 2005); “Development of Multi Functions of Irrigation Head of the Department of Geography, University of in China”, in: Journal of Economics of Water Resources Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. In 1991, he was the land-use con- (January 2006); “Strategy of Grain Security and Irrigation sultant in SSRC/American Council of Learned Societies Development in China”, in: Journal of Hydraulic Engineer- Joint Committee’s sponsored projects on The Impact of ing (November, 2008). Biographies of Contributors 1737

River Bank Erosion Control Strategies on Agriculture in of climate change policy. His previous career experiences Rivers State of Nigeria. He coordinated a WWF funded re- include work for the General Secretariat of the Council of search project on forest resources management in southern the European Union, where he was part of the Environ- Nigeria in 1995. He has held several international research ment Unit, and for the Swedish Environmental Protection positions including a Visiting Research Scholar of the Third Agency. Anton holds a Master’s degree in Ecological Eco- World Academy of Sciences at CSINAR, Beijing, China in nomics – Studies in Sustainable Development. He recently 1991 and a Visiting Associate Professorship of the Swedish published, as co-author with N. Fujiwara and C. Egenhofer, Institute at the University of Linkoping, Sweden between the CEPS Special Report: Getting Started Now: Capacity 1998 and 1999. He is a member of the Management Team Building for the Data System Foundations of Sectoral Ap- in charge of Environment and Development issues at the proaches prepared for the study financed by the European Foundation for Urban Development and Environmental Commission on Global sectoral approaches as part of the Initiatives (FDI), Ibadan, Nigeria. Some of his recent publi- post-2012 framework (2010). He also contributed as a col- cations include; (with Christiana N. Emuh, 2009): “Species laborator to the book by D. Gros and C. Egenhofer (co-au- Diversity Patterns along the Forest-Savanna Boundary in Ni- thors) with N. Fujiwara and S. Guerin (collaborators) enti- geria”, in: Management of Environmental Quality, 20,1: tled Climate Change and Trade: Taxing Carbon at the 2064-2072; (with Niyi Gbadegesin and Felix Olorunfemi, Border (2010). Other recent publications include the re- 2007): Assessment of rural water supply management in port: Messages from Copenhagen: Assessments of the Ac- selected rural areas of Oyo State, Nigeria. ATPS Working cord and Implications for the EU (with M. Alessi and C. Paper Series No. 49 (Nairobi, Kenya: ATPS Water and Envi- Egenhofer, 2010), as well as reports focusing on the transat- ronment Programme); (with Ibidun O. Adelekan, 2005): lantic climate change partnership and on the socio-econom- “Analysis of the Public Perception of Climate Change Issues ic impacts of climate change in Europe. in an Indigenous African City”, in: International Journal of Address: Mr. Anton Georgiev, Centre for European Policy 61 1 115 124 Environmental Studies, , : – ; (with K. Owolabi, Studies (CEPS), Place du Congres 1, 1000 Brussels, Bel- 2004 ): “Oil resource management and social justice in Ni- gium. geria”, in: Journal of Development Alternatives and Area Email: (office). Studies, 23,1–2 (March/June): 91–123. Jihed Ghannem (Tunisia), Communications Specialist at Address: Prof. Dr. Adeniyi Sulaiman Gbadegesin, Depart- ment of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University the Sahara and Sahel Observatory (OSS). He has a Masters of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. degree in communications and a proven experience in de- velopment communications, particularly in the field of envi- E-mail: and: . He has been involved in the OSS work on the Iullemeden Website: . Aquifer System (West Africa) and the North-western Sahara Ebru Gencer (Turkey), Ph.D, Columbia University (2007). Aquifer System (North Africa) since 2007. Besides trans- As a certified urban planner she obtained a Master of Phi- boundary groundwater issues, he has performed substantial losophy (Urban Planning/ Architecture), a Master of work on several themes, including climate change adapta- Science (Urban Preservation/Urban Planning), and a Diplo- tion and development in Africa. ma in City and Regional Planning. She was a research asso- Address: Jihed Ghannem, Observatoire du Sahara et du ciate at Columbia University’s Academic Quality Fund Sahel (OSS), Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat, BP 31, Project on Risk Assessment and Mitigation to Metropolitan 1080, Tunis, Tunisia. Areas. Her previous professional experiences include urban Email: . design/planning projects such as ‘Post-war reconstruction Website: . of Mostar’, ‘Der Gürtel revitalization project in Vienna’ and ‘Squatter improvement projects’ in Istanbul. In 2007, she at- Ernst Giese (Germany), Professor Emeritus for Economic tended the Summer Academy on Social Vulnerability organ- Geography at the University of Giessen (Germany). He ized by UNU-EHS and the MunichRe Foundation. She is studied geography, mathematics, and philosophy in Mün- the author of: Natural Disasters, Vulnerability, and Sus- ster and München. After his PhD in 1965 he wrote his tainable Development: Examining the Interplay, Global (post-doctoral) habilitation thesis on the kolkhoz and Trends and Local Practices in Istanbul (Saarbrücken: Vdm sovkhoz system in Soviet Central Asia. He was assistant and Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008). She is currently a consultant at associate professor at the universities of Münster, Freiburg, ARC and a member of the ISOCARP Urban Planning Advi- and Cologne. Since 1973 he has been professor for eco- sory Team for Haiti and Chile. nomic geography at the University of Giessen. 1998-2007 he was member of the board of directors of the Center for In- Address: Dr. Ebru Gencer, ARC, 12 West 23rd St, New York, NY 10010, USA. ternational Development and Environmental Research at the University of Giessen. He is also honorary professor at E-mail: . the Institute of Environmental and Engineering Sciences in Anton Georgiev (Bulgaria) is Researcher at the Centre for Cold and Arid Regions of the Chinese Academy of Sci- European Policy Studies (CEPS) in Brussels since 2008. He ences (Lanzhou) and member of the scientific council of works in the Energy and Climate Change Unit and partici- the Central Asian Institute of Applied Geosciences pates in the preparation of papers and reports in the area (CAIAG, Bishkek). Among his major recent publications 1738 Authors

are: (co-edited with R. Seidelmann) Cooperation and con- worked for the public company TRAGSATEC as head of flict management in Central Asia (Frankfurt: Peter Lang, operations and projects on the implementation of Geo- 04); (co-authored with G. Bahrenberg; J. Nipper): Statis- graphical Information Systems (GIS) in the Coastal Direc- tische Methoden in der Geographie. Vol. 1: Univariate und torate of the Ministry of Environment and as a consultant bivariate Statistik, Vol. 2: Multivariate Statistik. 4th edition, for a project on environmental restoration and water-forest Stuttgart: Teubner, 42003); (co-authored with A. Bohnet; restoration and planning. He participated in numerous G. Zeng): Die Autonome Region Xinjiang (VR China). publications, conferences, committees on spatial modelling, Eine ordnungspolitische und regionalökonomische Studie. hydrology, water resources management, natural manage- 2 vols (Münster: Lit, 1998, 1999); (co-authored with G. ment resources and on the development of GIS Bahro; D. Betke) Umweltzerstörungen in Trockengebieten Address: Mr. Francisco J. Gomariz-Castillo, Instituto Uni- Zentralasiens (West- und Ost-Turkestan). Ursachen, Aus- versitario del Agua y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de 1998 wirkungen, Maßnahmen (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, ). Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Address: Prof. Dr. Ernst Giese, Institut für Geographie, Spain. Bereich Wirtschaftsgeographie, Senckenbergstraße 1, 35390 Email: . Giessen, Germany. Jakob Granit (Sweden), Project Director at the Email: . Stockholm (SIWI) for advisory services Website: . and applied policy development in the area of water, en- ergy, and the environment. He worked for the World Bank Yannick Glemarec (France), Executive Coordinator at UN- as a Senior Water Resources Management Specialist includ- DP's Global Environment Facility. In this capacity, he is pri- ing as a Cluster Team Leader for the multi-sector Nile team marily responsible for the implementation oversight of a $6 providing advisory services and institutional building advice billion portfolio ($2 billion in grants and $4 billion in co-fi- to clients in East, Central and Southern Africa in the area nancing) comprising over 2,000 projects and activities in of multi-purpose water resources development for eco- 140 countries. He supervises UNDP-GEF staff both at HQ nomic growth. Prior he was managing a transboundary wa- and at six UNDP-GEF regional coordination units in Beirut, ter resources support programme for the Swedish Interna- Bratislava, Dakar, Bangkok, Panama City and Pretoria. He tional Development Cooperation (Sida) in Southern Africa. joined UNDP in 1989 and successively served as a country He gained much experience in complex development proc- manager in Vietnam for five years, in China for five years esses and management of multinational project teams and in Bangladesh for two years prior to joining UNDP- through his work at the World Bank and Sida. He worked GEF in New York in January 2003. He holds a PhD from on the identification, project design, preparation, financing the University of Paris in Environment Sciences, and two and implementation of projects including analytical work Master Degrees in Hydrology (DEA) from the French Na- and strategic planning coupled with major fundraising activ- tional School for Water and Forestry (ENGREF-France) ities and the fiduciary oversight and responsibility for signif- and in Business Administration (Durham-UK). He has au- icant credits and grants. Among his major publication are: thored and co-authored several publications in the fields of “Identifying Business Models for Transboundary River Ba- environment management, disaster risk management and sin Organisations”, in: Water without Borders: From Rhet- low carbon/climate resilient development. Among his ma- oric to Practice in Transboundary Water Management jor publications: (co-author with others, 2009: Charting a (Eds: Earle/Jägerskog/Öjendal, Earthscan 2010, in press); New Low Carbon Route to Development: A Primer on In- (coed. with Löfgren): Water and Energy Linkages in the tegrated Climate Change Planning for Regional Govern- Middle East – Regional Collaboration Opportunities. SIWI ment (New York: UNDP). Paper 16 (Stockholm, SIWI, 2010); (co-author with Bullock/ Address: Dr. Yannick Glemarec, Executive Coordinator at Gooijer/Lindström/Löfgren/Pettigrew): Regional Water 15 UNDP's Global Environment Facility, 304 East 45th Street, Intelligence Report Central Asia. SIWI Paper No . (SIWI/ 2010 New York, NY 10017, U.S.A. WGF/UNDP, Stockholm, ); (coauthor with Phillips/ Email: . Allan/Claassen/Jägerskog/Kistin/Patrick/Turton): The Website: . TWO Analysis: Introducing a Methodology for the Trans- boundary Waters Opportunity Analysis. Report Nr. 23. Francisco J. Gomariz-Castillo (Spain), Research Associate (Stockholm, SIWI, 2008); (coauthor with Jägerskog/Ris- at the Institute of Water and Environment (INUAMA) at berg/Yu): Transboundary water management as a Re- the University of Murcia working on projects related to gional Public Good: Financing Development – an example GIS, spatial modelling, hydrology, water resources manage- from the Nile Basin (Stockholm: SIWI, 2006); World Bank ment, natural hazards and remote sensing. From 1997 to Country Water Assistance Strategies for Kenya and Tanza- 2001 he studied geography at the University of Murcia. Un- nia (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2004, 2006). til 2003 he worked as a research associate at INUAMA at Address: Mr. Jakob Granit, Drottningatan 33, 111 51 Stock- the University of Murcia on risk and flood risk analysis. holm, Sweden. From 2003 to 2005 he was a technical assistant of the Gen- Email: . eral Directorate of Natural Environment (CCAA of Mur- Website: . cia) working on planning on protected areas and applying geo-informatics to natural resources. From 2005 to 2009 he Biographies of Contributors 1739

John Grin (Netherlands) is Professor at the Department of quality and resource management. He has published over Political Science of the University of Amsterdam and was 130 papers in his field, and edited over ten international scientific director of the Amsterdam School for Social conference proceedings and refereed books. He was a Science Research (ASSR). See: Biographies of editors. consultant for local and international firms and NGOs. For his work he received several awards and honors. He served (India/Belgium) is Director of the Debarati Guha-Sapir as head of the Civil Engineering Department at An-Najah WHO collaborating Centre for Research on the Epidemiol- National University (1986–1992), coordinator of the (CRED) and Professor at the University of ogy of Disasters Palestinian Water Committee associated with the Peace Louvain, Research Institute Health and Society, Brussels. negotiation with Israel (1991–1995), director of the Water She holds an Adjunct Professor-ship at Tulane University and Environmental Studies Centre (1994–1996), dean of Medical Centre (New Orleans) for Health and Humanitari- the College of Engineering (1996–1998), and director of the an Aid. Trained at Calcutta University, Johns Hopkins Uni- Water and Environmental Studies Institute (2008-present). versity and University of Louvain she holds a PhD in epide- miology. Since 1984, she has been involved in field research Address: Marwan Haddad, Professor and Director, Water and training in emergency and humanitarian aid issues, and Environmental Studies Institute (WESI), An-Najah 7 707 working closely with WHO, United Nations High Commis- National University, P.O. Box , , Nablus, Palestine. sioner for Refugees (UNHCR), United Nations Develop- Email: , and . ment Programme (UNDP) and the European Commission Website: . (EC) in various regions of the world. She is particularly in- Clair Hanson (United Kingdom), Ph.D., is a Senior Re- terested in health systems research, epidemiology in unsta- search Associate at the University of East Anglia, UK. She ble situations and international policy related to relief and was previously involved in the production of the Intergov- post conflict transition. She has written widely on the ernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assess- epidemiology of disasters and conflicts in journals such as ment Report for Working Group II (Impacts, Adaptation The Lancet, Tropical Medicine and International Health, and Vulnerability), as Deputy Head (Science) of the IPCC Epidemiologic Reviews. Most recently, she received the Pe- Technical Support Unit while based at the UK Met Office. 16th ter Safar Award at the World Congress on Disaster and Her research interests include climate change impacts with Emergency Medicine, Victoria, Canada. Among her major particular focus on extreme events in Europe, and rainfall publications are: “ Nargis in Myanmar: Lessons for and runoff variability in Africa and Asia. public health preparedness for cyclones”, in: American 4 5 2009 Address: Dr. Clair Hanson, Overseas Development Group, Journal of Disaster Medicine, , ( ); “Health impact 4 7 of the 2004 Andaman Nicobar earthquake and tsunami in University of East Anglia, Norwich NR TJ, UK. . Indonesia”, in: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 24,6 Email: (2009) and Thirty years of natural disasters 1974-2003: the Kanupriya Harish (India) is the Project Director of the Jal numbers (Presses Universitaires de Louvain: Louvain-La- Bhagirathi Foundation (JBF) and is heading the profes- Neuve, 2004). sional resource base of the JBF. She obtained a MPhil from Address: Prof. Dr. Debarati Guha-Sapir, Centre for Jawaharlal Nehru University in Delhi, and has been working Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), in the JBF since 2004 focussing on the revival of traditional Department of Public Health, Université Catholique de water management systems through community institu- Louvain, 30.94 Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs, 1200 Brussels, tions. She has worked on mainstreaming gender in water Belgium. management among very feudal and caste ridden communi- Email: . ties. As head of the project team she is managing the imple- Website: . mentation of a multi-pronged community based water man- agement programme being implemented in three districts Marwan Haddad (Palestine), Ph.D, is a Professor of Envi- of Western Rajasthan, India. She is involved in advocacy ronmental Engineering and director, Water and Environ- campaigns for ensuring pro poor concerns are integrated in mental Studies Institute, An-Najah National University, Na- water resource management. She has a keen interest in the blus, Palestine. He was born in Nablus, Palestine and holds empowerment of marginalized communities especially a diploma of Engineering in Structural Civil Engineering women and has initiated many programmes for main- from the University of Kiril and Methody, Architectural and streaming them in the development process. Civil Engineering Faculty, Skopje, Macedonia (1976), an MSc. in Sanitary Engineering from Syracuse University, NY, Address: Ms. Kanupriya Harish, Jal Bhagirathi Foundation, USA (1983), and a PhD in Environmental Civil Engineering Near Kayalana Lake, Bijolai, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. also from Syracuse University, NY, USA (1986). He worked Email: . over four years for the Housing Corporation of Jordan Website: . (1976–1980), moved to the US for his graduate studies Vilho Harle (Finland): Dr. Soc.Sci. (IR), Professor of Inter- (1981–1986), and then joined the Faculty of Engineering at national Politics at the Department of Political Science of An-Najah National University in Nablus in 1986 as an the University of Tampere, Finland. Formerly professor of assistant professor. He obtained his promotion to associate Political Science at the University of Tampere, and of IR at then to full professor in Environmental Engineering in 1994 the University of Lapland, and the University of Helsinki. and 2000, respectively. His main research area is in water His research has covered various topics in peace research, 1740 Authors

international theory, identity politics, and political geogra- ment; hazardous waste management and control. He has phy. His current research focuses on critical theory, multi- executed and supervised research projects and studies on disciplinarity in IR, and the English School of IR and its ap- the treatment of wastewater, industrial audits (pollution plication to the study of traditions and practice of Finnish prevention and waste minimization and cleaner produc- foreign and security politics. He is the author of several tion), environmental assessment, and hazardous materials publications including: Ideas of Social Order in the Ancient management. He participated as a member in national World (Greenwood Press 1998), The Enemy with a Thou- committees, contributed in establishing the Master Pro- sand Faces (Praeger 2000), and “Critical Geopolitics of gram in Environmental Technology and Management at Northern Europe”, Geopolitics 8,1, 2003 (Special Issue edit- Princess Sumaya University, the Cleaner Production Unit ed in cooperation with Pami Aalto and Simon Dalby). and the Biosafety Unit at RSS, and most recently initiated Address: Prof. Dr. Vilho Harle, Department of Political Sci- the Eco-tech Park project to assist Jordanian enterprises ence, University of Tampere, FIN-33014 University of Tam- and communities in adopting clean technologies and sound pere, Finland. environmental practices in addition to working independ- Email: ently on water and environment governance. He has writ- ten and supervised or co-authored 22 publications of scien- Paul G. Harris (Hong Kong) is Chair Professor of Environ- tific papers and technical reports, including: Environment mental Studies in the Department of Science and Environ- Sector in Jordan; Key Issues for Environmental Risk As- mental Studies at the Hong Kong Institute of Education. sessment, International Risk Management Meeting, Italy From 2000 to 2009 he taught at Lingnan University, Hong 2001; Environmental and Economic Improvement through Kong, where he was Professor of International and Envi- Implementation of Cleaner Production in Hospitality Sec- ronmental Studies, Director of the Centre for Asian Pacific tor in Jordan: Case Studies in Four Hotels (2008), Partici- Studies, Director of the Environmental Studies Programme, pative Irrigation Water Management in the Jordan Valley and Director of the Project on Environmental Change and (2010). He supervised the following studies: Environmen- Foreign Policy. During the 1990s he was a faculty member tal Impact Assessment for Gas Transmission Project at universities in Britain and the United States. His research (2004); Environmental Impact Assessment for Kemira on global environmental politics, foreign policy and inter- Arab Potash Co. (2000); Water Pollution Crises Manage- national ethics has been published widely in academic jour- ment; A Case Study on Cryptosporidium Outbreak in nals. His books include Climate Change and American Munshiyat Bani Hassan - Jordan, report submitted to the Foreign Policy (New York: St. Martin's Press/London: Pal- Ministry of Health, Jordan (November 2007) and drafted grave Macmillan, 2000); International Equity and Global bylaws related to irrigation water management (2010). Environmental Politics (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001); The En- Address: Prof. Dr. Bassam Hayek, Director, Eco-tech Park, vironment, International Relations, and U.S. Foreign Poli- Royal Scientific Society, P.O. Box 1438, Al Jubeiha 11941, (Washington: Georgetown University Press, 2001), cy Inter- Amman, Jordan. national Environmental Cooperation (Boulder: University Email: and . Press of Colorado, 2002); Global Warming and East Asia Website: . (London: Routledge, 2003); Confronting Environmental Change in East and Southeast Asia (Tokyo: United Nations Thomas Heberer is Chair Professor of East Asian Politics University Press/London: Earthscan, 2005), Europe and at the Institute of Political Science and the Institute of East Global Climate Change (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, Asian Studies at the University Duisburg-Essen in Germany. 2007); The Global Politics of AIDS, co-edited with Patricia His research focuses on political, social and institutional D. Siplon (London: Lynne Rienner, 2007); Environmental change, nationalities policies, environmental policies and Change and Foreign Policy (London Routledge, 2009), Cli- corruption in China. He has worked as a translator and mate Change and Foreign Policy (London: Routledge, reader with the Foreign Language Press in China from 1977- 2009), and World Ethics and Climate Change (Edinburgh: 81. Since 1981 he is on a yearly basis conducting field re- Edinburgh University Press, 2010). search in China for 2-3 months. He is a member of the Ad- Address: Prof. Paul G. Harris, Department of Science and visory Board of the Europe-China Academic Network of Environmental Studies, Hong Kong Institute of Education, the European Commission. Among his recent book publi- Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong. cations are: Rural China Economic and Social Change in Email: . the Late Twentieth Century, Armonk/London (Sharpe) 2006; (with C. Derichs, ed.), The Power of Ideas - Intellec- Bassam Ossama Hayek (Jordan), Assistant Professor at tual Input and Political Change in East and Southeast Asia, Princess Sumaya University for Technology (PSUT), Direc- Copenhagen (NIAS Press) 2006; Thomas Heberer/Anja D. tor of the Eco-tech Park, Royal Scientific Society (RSS) and Senz, China’s Significance in International Politics. Domes- an independent consultant for environment & sustainabili- tic and external developments and action potentials. Ger- ty. He has Ph.D. in chemical engineer, University of Swan- man Development Institute, Bonn 2007; Doing Business in sea (UK) in 1994. He started his career in 1994 as a re- Rural China: Liangshan’s New Ethnic Entrepreneurs, Seat- searcher in the environment field at the RSS and served as tle/London (University of Washington Press) 2007; (with the director of the Environment Research Centre of RSS G. Schubert), Politcal participation and regime legitimacy in (2000–2009). He has experience in the treatment of do- the PR of China, vol. 1: the urban space, Wiesbaden (Verlag mestic and industrial wastewater; environmental assess- Sozialwissenschaften) 2008 and vol. 2: the rural space (both Biographies of Contributors 1741 in German), Wiesbaden 2009; (with G. Schubert), Cong carbon between continents and the atmosphere”, Science, qunzhong dao gongmin. Zhongguo de zhengzhi canyu 275: 502-509; (co-author with S.J. Doherty and S. Bojinski, (From Masses to Citizens. Political participation in China, et al., 2009) “Lessons learned from IPCC AR4: Scientific Beijing (Bianyi chubanshe) 2009. developments needed to understand, predict and respond Address: Prof. Dr. Thomas Heberer, Institute for East Asian to climate change”, in: Bulletin of American Meteorologi- 90 4 497 513 Studies, University Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg/Confu- cal Society, , ; - ; at: . E-mail: . Address: Prof. Dr A. Henderson-Sellers Macquarie Univer- Website: . sity, Department of Environment and Geography, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. Ann Henderson-Sellers (Australia), DSc. (University of Email: . Leicester, UK), Professor of environmental science, Envi- Website: ; and . and ARC Professorial Research Fellow in the Climate Risk Concentration of Research. Until 2007, the Director of the Yasuaki Hijioka (Japan), is a Senior Researcher of the Na- United Nations’ World Climate Research Programme tional Institute of Environmental Studies in Japan. He re- (WCRP), Ann has championed the scientific need for ac- ceived his Doctor of Engineering from the University of To- tion to mitigate and adapt to climate change for over 35 kyo, Japan in 2001. His research topics cover modelling years. She has been an Earth Systems scientist spearheading analysis for environmental issues related to climate change the description and prediction of the influence of land-cov- impacts, and he is involved in the development of the er and land-use change on climate and human systems. She Asian-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM) to estimate climate obtained a BSc in mathematics at Bristol in 1973, PhD in change impacts and to assess policy options for stabilizing 1976 in collaboration with the U.K. Meteorological Office global climate. 1999 and a D.Sc. in climate science in . She is an elected Fel- Address: Dr. Yasuaki Hijioka, Social and Environmental low of Australia’s Academy of Technological Sciences and Systems Division, National Institute for Environmental Engineering and was awarded the Centenary Medal of Aus- Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan. tralia for Service to Australian Society in Meteorology in Email: . 2003. She is an ISI ‘most highly cited’ author of over 500 publications, including 14 books and an elected Fellow of HRH Prince El Hassan bin Talal (The Hashemite King- America’s Geophysical Union and the American Meteoro- dom of Jordan) is a pluralist who believes in societies in logical Society. She has served as a Council member of the which all peoples can live, work and function in freedom International Council of Science’s International Geo- and with dignity. See Biographies of authors of forewords sphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) and was involved as and preface essays. an author in all assessments of the Intergovernmental Pan- Yaqiong Hu (China) is the Senior Engineer of the Depart- el on Climate Change (IPCC) that was rewarded the Nobel ment of Irrigation and Drainage, China Institute of Water Peace price in 2007, including as a Convening Lead Author Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR) and Na- for the Second Assessment. She served on Australia’s Sci- tional Centre for Efficient Irrigation Technology Research ence and Technology Council, chaired the Australian Na- (Beijing). She has served with IWHR since 1998 and holds a tional Committee for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences Master’s Degree from McGill University, Canada. She has and was the President of International Association of Mete- been a member of the International Commission on Irriga- orology and Atmospheric Sciences’ International Commis- tion and Drainage (ICID) since 2005 and a member of sion for Climate from 1991-1995. Prior she was the Found- Chinese National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage ing Director of the Climatic Impacts Centre at Macquarie (CNCID) since 2003. Up to now she has undertaken 10 na- University, headed the Australian Nuclear Science and tional and 3 international projects. Her research areas in- Technology Organizsation’s Institute for Nuclear Geophysi- clude: irrigation, water and soil management, agricultural ology and was the Deputy Vice Chancellor at the Royal water environment protection, effect of climate change on (RMIT) University. Melbourne Institute of Technology irrigated agriculture, drainage and salinity controlling. Among her major publications are: (co-author with V. Gor- Among her major publications are: “Study on the environ- nitz, 1984): “Possible climatic impacts of land cover trans- mental problems and its countermeasures in large irrigation formations, with particular emphasis on tropical deforesta- district in China”, in: Water Saving and Irrigation (March tion”, in: , 6: 231-258; (co-author with R.E. Climatic Change 2003); “Countermeasures and suggestions to speed up the Dickinson, 1988): “Modelling tropical deforestation: a study construction of agricultural water saving support system”, of GCM land-surface parameterizations”, in: Quart. J. Roy. in: China Water Resources (March 2002); “Study on poli- Meteor. Soc., 114,B: 439-462; (co-author with A.J., Pitman cies of water price in pumping irrigation district”, in: Water and Z-L. Yang, 1990): “Sensitivity of regional climates to lo- Saving and Irrigation (March 2002); Technical code for calized precipitation in global models”, in: Nature, 346: water supply engineering of town and village (Beijing: 734-737; (co-author with P.J. Sellers, R.E. Dickinson, D.A. China Water Power Press, February 2005); “Systems ap- Randall, A.K. Betts, F.G. Hall, J.A. Berry, G.J. Collatz, A.S. proach to achieve real water savings in Australia and Denning, H.A. Mooney, C.A. Nobre, N. Sato and C.B. China”, in: Proceedings of the 19th ICID Congress (Septem- Field, 1997): “Modeling the exchanges of energy, water, and 1742 Authors

ber 2005); “The Effects of Oxidation-Reduction Potential received his Ph. D. at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem on the Solubility of Phosphorus in Agricultural Water Man- in 1961. From 1980-1998 he was the holder of the Alain Po- agement Systems” (Master thesis, McGill University, June her Chair in Hydrogeology of Arid Zones. He received the 2008). following prizes: Ernest D. Bergmann Prize for Special Sci- Address: Ms. Yaqiong Hu, China Institute of Water entific Contributions to the Development of the Negev 1985 Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), No. 20 Desert ( ); Prize of the President of the International As- West Chegongzhuang Rd., Beijing 100048, People’s Repub- sociation of Hydrogeologists for Outstanding International lic of China. Contributions toward the Advancement of Hydrogeology 2003 Email: . ( ); Honorary Member of the Israeli Association for 2005 Website: . Water Resources ( ). His current research focuses on the impact of climate change on the hydrological cycle and Veronika Huber (Germany) has worked at the Potsdam In- socio-economic systems; and developing the conceptual stitute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) as a Scientific As- model of Progressive Development in order to mitigate the sistant to the Director since 2008. See biographies of au- negative impact of global change on the water resources of thors of forewords and preface essays. the Middle East and other arid and semi arid regions. This model recommends long term policies of development of Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald (Austria, Mexico), PhD in Range Ecology from the Utah State University (1996). She the marginal water resources as well as the exploitation of received a Master’s degree in Biology/Botany from the the fossil aquifers of these regions. He has published about University of Innsbruck (1990). She was Scientific Officer hundred papers and co-edited five books and wrote six books in the fields of geology and hydrogeology. On the on Global Change and Ecological Complexity of the impact of climate changes on the hydrological cycle and on Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems (GCTE), Core the environment he published these books: Project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program Water Shall (IGBP) at the Instituto de Ecología de la Universidad de flow from the Rock. Hydrogeology and Climate in the 1997 Lands of the Bible (Heidelberg – New York: Springer-Ver- Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina ( ). She was 1990 Assistant Professor at the Grassland Science Department, lag, ); Climate Changes during the Holocene and their Impact on Hydrological Systems (Cambridge: Cambridge Technische Universität München, Weihenstephan, Germany 2003 (1998-2001). She examined management effects on plant University Press, ); (Co-ed. with Angelakis, Andreas nitrogen and carbon allocation patterns and AM fungi N.): Diachronic Climatic Impacts on Water Resources (with Emphasis on the Mediterranean Region (NATO ASI distribution in different species-poor and species-rich 1996 grassland ecosystems. Currently she is involved in these Series. Springer-Verlag, ); (Co-ed. with Brown, Neville): research activities:1) Ecosystem responses and feedback Water, Environment and Society in Times of Climate Change (Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Kluwer Academic mechanisms to variable abiotic and biotic environments at 1998 different spatial and temporal scales in the semi-arid and Publishers, ); (Coauthor with Zohar, Mattanyah): Cli- arid region of Northern Mexico considering interactive mate Change – Environment and Civilization in the Mid- 2 dle East (Berlin – Heidelberg – New York : Springer 2004, effects of land use change; ) Integrated assessment of 2007 biophysical and socio-economic factors and drivers that ); (Ed.): Progressive Development. To Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming on the Semi-arid Re- cause desertificacion and land degradation in socio- 2010 ecological systems in arid and subtropical regions of the gions (Berlin – Heidelberg – New York: Springer, ). Americas applying the Dryland Development Paradigm to Address: Prof. Dr. Arie S. Issar, ZIWR, BGU, Sede Boker ARIDnet case studies; 3) Coordination of the Mexican Campus, 84990, Israel; Home: Hameshoreret Rachel St.13, Grassland Network for Investigation and Leadership in Jerusalem, 96348, Israel. Sustainable Management, Grupo Regional en Agostaderos Email: . Mexicanos para su Investigacion y el Liderazgo de su Uso Website: . biogeochemical cycles and climate change as part of the Anders Jägerskog (Sweden): Ph.D., is Programme Director Network Mex LTER. at the Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI). Pre- Address: Dr. Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald, Division Ciencias viously he has worked at the secretariat for the Expert Ambientales (IPICYT), Camino de la Presa de San Jose # Group on Development Issues (EGDI) at the Swedish Min- 2055, Lomas 4ta seccion, San Luis Potosi, SLP CP 78216, istry for Foreign Affairs, at the Swedish International Devel- Mexico. opment Co-operation Agency (Sida) on water resources in Email: and . southern Africa and at the Stockholm International Peace Website: and . sues. Major English publications include: “Functional water co-operation in the Jordan River Basin: Spillover or spill- Arie S. Issar (Israel), Professor Emeritus at the J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, and the Geological Depart- back for political security”, in: Brauch–Oswald Spring– ment of Ben Gurion University of the Negev. He founded Mesjasz–Grin–Chadha Behera–Chourou–Kameri-Mbote– and headed the Water Resources Center of the Institute for Liotta (Eds.) Facing Global Environmental Change – Envi- Desert Research since 1975 until his retirement in 1998. He ronmental, Human, Energy, Food, Health and Water Secu- rity Concept (Berlin - New York: Springer, 2008); “Human Biographies of Contributors 1743

Security – problems, opportunities and policy implications”, (VA), Italy. in: Conflict, Security and Development; 4,3 (2004); Why Email: . states cooperate over shared water: The water negotiations Website: . in the Jordan River Basin, Linköping University, PhD Dis- sertation, Linköping Studies in Arts and Science, 2003; Richard Jones (UK) is Manager of Regional Cclimate Pre- “Risk and uncertainty from a political perspective: cases dictions at the Met Office Hadley Centre where he has worked since 1990. Prior to this he worked in the Mathe- from water negotiations”, in: Towards Catchment Hy- matics Department at Oxford University having obtained drosolidarity in a world of Uncertainties, SIWI Proceedings 2003 18 his PhD in Numerical Analysis from Imperial College in , Report (Stockholm: SIWI); “The power of the 1987 sanctioned discourse – a crucial factor in determining water . His main responsibilities are to provide state of the art regional climate modelling systems and to provide and policy”, in: Water, Science and Technology, 47,6 (2003); “Hydrosolidarity as seen from a political perspective – over- analyse regional climate change scenarios and advice on these as required under contracts for various UK govern- coming sanctioned discourse obstacles”, in: Balancing hu- ment departments and international bodies. He developed man security and ecological security interests in a catch- regional climate modelling in the Hadley Centre, oversee- ment: Towards upstream/downstream hydrosolidarity, SIWI Proceedings 2002 (Stockholm: SIWI, 2002); “Contri- ing many major firsts in the field worldwide - development butions of Regime Theory in Understanding Interstate Wa- of a consistent GCM/RCM modelling system; domain-size ter Cooperation: Lessons Learned in the Jordan River Ba- experiments; climate timescale experiments driven by nu- merical weather prediction analyses; multi-decade regional sin”, in: Turton/Henwood (Eds.): Hydropolitics in the climate change experiments; development of GCMs to pro- Developing World: A Southern African Perspective (Pretoria: African Water Issues Research Unit (AWIRU). vide high quality boundary conditions for RCMs; ensemble regional climate change experiments. He is a lead or major Address: Dr. Anders Jägerskog, Stockholm International contributing author to many fundamental publications in 33 111 51 Water Institute, Drottninggatan , SE- Stockholm, regional climate modelling including being a lead author of Sweden. the IPCC’s Assessment Reports (2001, 2007). He led the Email: and . CIS, has worked with many European institutes and is cur- Jochen Jesinghaus (Germany) is an Economist and Engi- rently working with institutes across all continents in the neer, since 1992 he has been an official of the European fields of climate prediction and climate scenario develop- Commission, with extensive work experience in sustainable ment. Among his major publications are: (with Jones, R. development, globalization and political sciences. With G.; Hassell, D.C.; Hudson, D.; Wilson, S.S.; Jenkins, G.J.; 2004 Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker, he wrote Ecological Tax Re- Mitchell, J.F.B, : Workbook on generating high resolu- form (1992). He has been a member of numerous Commis- tion climate change scenarios using PRECIS (Exeter, UK: sion working groups, e.g. Interservice Working Group Met Office Hadley Centre – New York: UNDP); (with (IWG) on Green National Accounting and Environmental Christensen, J.H.; Hewitson, B.; Busuioc, A.; Chen, A.; Indicators and IWG on economic instruments for the prep- Gao, X.; Held, I.; Jones, R.; Kolli, R.K.; Kwon, W.-T.; aration of the 1993 Delors White Paper on Growth, Com- Laprise, R.; Magaña Rueda, V.; Mearns, L.; Menéndez, 2007 petitiveness & Employment, of several Eurostat Working C.G.; Räisänen, J.; Rinke, A.; Sarr, A.; Whetton, P., : Groups, OECD SOE group, of the United Nations experts “Regional Climate Projections”, in: IPCC (Ed.): Climate 2007 group on SD indicators and on the Framework for the De- Change : The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of velopment of Environment Statistics, the World Economic Working Group I (Cambridge; Cambridge University Press). Forum ESI Peer Review Group, IISD Consultative Group Address: Dr. Richard Jones, Met Office Hadley Centre, Fit- on Sustainable Development Indices, Bellagio group on SD zRoy Road, Exeter, Devon EX1 3PB, United Kingdom. indicators. Member of the Italian delegation to the World Email: . Social Forum, Porto Alegre 2002, World Summit on Sus- Website: . tainable Development (Johannesburg 2002), and European Social Forum (Florence 2002). From March 2003 to No- Lahcen Kabiri (Morocco), Professor of Geology at the Fac- vember 2005 working in the European Commission’s Gen- ulty of Sciences and Technology, Errachidia (FSTE), Mou- eral Directorate for Development (Unit for Relations with lay Ismaïl University (UMI) Meknes, Morocco; in charge of the UN system, Member States and other OECD donors), the Laboratory of Surface Formations (LFS)/Climate, Wa- responsible, inter alia, for the follow-up of the WSSD. Since ter, Environment and Heritage Sciences [SCEEP]. He was December 2005 working in DG JRC on complex indicator the Moroccan coordinator of a NATO Linkage project on: systems, inter alia on the ‘Millennium Development Goals Use of Indicators for Desertification in the Oasis Settle- Dashboard of Sustainability’ and on the ‘Measuring the ments, in collaboration with Reims University (France) and Progress of Societies’ initiave led by the OECD World Fo- Blida University (Algeria). L. Kabiri was responsible for the Thématique d'Appui à la Recherche Scientifique PROTARS rum on Statistics, Knowledge and Policy, and the European 2 3 13 1999 2004 Commission's Beyond GDP initiative. (P T / , FSTE_UMI, Maroc) – on the climate changes impacts on: écosystèmes de la région de Tafilalt et Address: Jochen Jesinghaus, European Commission, DG environs depuis environs 140 000 ans BP. In 2003 he bene- 9 36 170 1 21020 JRC G- TP / , Via Enrico Fermi, , I- Ispra fitted of the UNESCO prize of the MAB project: Impact 1744 Authors

des changements climatiques et anthropiques sur les res- Narichika Kanie (Japan) is Associate Professor at the sources en Eau dans l'Oasis de Ferkla (Tinjdad, Errachidia, Graduate School of Decision Science and Technology, Morocco). Among his main publications are: Kabiri, L. et Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, and Visiting al.: 2003: “Etude préliminaire de la dynamique des dunes Associate Professor of the United Nations University continentales dans le Sud Est marocain”, in: Sécheresse, Institute of Advanced Studies. Among others he serves as a 14,3 (Sseptember): 149–156; Boudat; Kabiri, L., 2002: “Dé- scientific steering committee member of the Earth Systems sertification et Crise de quelques Oasis dans les bassins ver- Governance Programme of IHDP, and is editorial board sants de Ziz et Ghèris (Errachidia, Maroc)”, in: Revue de member of the journal Global Environmental Governance. Géographie du Maroc, (RGM), 20,1–2 (Nouvelle série): Currently he is a bureau member of Working Party on 97106; Kabiri, L., 2004: Contribution au développent dura- Global and Structural Policies (WPGSP) at OECD. From ble des Oasis du sud marocain: cas de l’oasis de Ferkla August 2009 to July 2010 he is a Marie Curie Incoming (Tinjdad, Goulmima, Errachidia, Maroc). Minbar Al Ja- International Fellow of the European Commission and miaa No. 6 (Meknès: Université Moulay Ismaïl (UMI)): based in SciencesPo. and IDDRI, Paris, France. His recent 323–332; Bouhlassa, S. ; Alechcheikh, Ch.; Kabiri, L., 2007: publications include “Post-2012 Institutional Architecture to “Origine de la minéralisation et de la détérioration de la Address Climate Change: A Proposal for Effective qualité de la nappe quaternaire du sous- bassin versant de Governance. Global Warming and Climate Change”, in: Rheris (Errachidia, Maroc)”, in: Revue Sécheresse, 19,1 Grover, V.I. (Ed.): Global Warming and Climate Change: (March 2008): 67–75; Buhl, D.; Immenhauser, A.; Smeul- Ten Years After Kyoto and Still Counting, Vol. 2. (city, NH: ders, G.; Kabiri, L.; Richter, D., 2007: Times series d Mg Science Publishers, 2008): 1065–1077; “The long-team analysis in speleothem calcite: Kinetic verus equilibrium challenge of climate change – Possible allocations for Japan fractionation, comparison with other proxies and implica- and Asian countries in 2050”, in: (Co-ed. with Yasuko tions for palaeoclimate reserarch, in: Chemical Geology, Kameyama, Agus P. Sari, Moekti H. Soejachmoen): isotope geoscience, 244: 715–729. Climate Change in Asia (Tokyo: United Nations University 2008 31 48 Address: Prof. Dr. Lahcen Kabiri, Université Moulay Ismail, Press, ): – . He received his Ph.D. in Media and Faculté des Sciences et Techniques d‘Errachidia, Labora- Governance from the Keio University. toire de Science du Climat, de l'Eau, de l'Environnement et Address: Prof. Dr. Norichika KANIE, Department of Value du Patrimoine [SCEEP], BP 509, Boutalamine, 52 000 Erra- and Decision Science, Graduate School of Decision Science chidia, Maroc. and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-W9- Email: and . Email: . Website: . Patricia Kameri-Mbote (Kenya), is Professor of Law, Uni- versity of Nairobi. See biographies of editors. Nanda Kishor, MS (India) is a Project Consultant in the Centre for Energy, Environment, Urban Governance & Yasuko Kameyama (Japan) has been working for the Na- Infrastructure Development in the Administrative Staff tional Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) since College of India (ASCI), Hyderabad. He is presently work- 1992. Her academic background is international relations, ing on state sanitation strategies and city sanitation plans and her studies have been mainly on international negotia- all over India under the most appreciated Jawaharlal tions on climate change. She has participated in most inter- Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) of national negotiations related to UN Framework Conven- Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. Pri- (UNFCCC) since the first tion on Climate Change or to this, he was a faculty at Regional Centre for Urban (COP1) to the UNFCCC in 1995 Conference of the Parties and Environmental Studies, Osmania University, Hydera- as a member of Japanese delegation. In 1999–2000, she bad, India, heading the Urban Poverty Alleviation Cell at stayed at the Department of Government and Politics, Uni- the centre. He obtained his Ph. D from the University of versity of Maryland, U.S., as a visiting researcher. She ob- Hyderabad, India. He obtained his Ph. D from University tained her doctoral degree at Tokyo Institute of Technolo- of Hyderabad, India. He has been working on Poverty, dis- gy in 1997. She has many publications on international placement, forced migration, Sustainable Development, negotiations, international institutions, and on the national gender and vulnerability. He is a recipient of Junior Re- decision making process related to climate change. One of search Fellowship under Indo-Finnish Exchange Pro- her latest articles on climate change negotiation is: “Process gramme by the Government of Finland, Calcutta Research Matters: Building a Future Climate Regime with Multi-Pro- Group, UNHCR and Brookings Institution. He has pub- cesses”, in: , 7,5 (2007): 429–443. She has re- Climate Policy lished a report on: “Finnish Asylum Policy and its Dilem- cently co-edited a book with A. P. Sari, M. H. Soejachmoen mas” with the Calcutta Research Group. From 2003 to and N. Kanie (2008): Climate Change in Asia: Perspectives 2007 he was working with Governance and Policy Spaces (Tokyo: UNU Press). on the Future Climate Regime (GAPS, Hyderabad, India) for the Ford Foundation, India. Address: Dr. Yasuko Kameyama, Senior Researcher, National He has presented work on forced migration and on India’s Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsu- position at UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, France. He was kuba, 305-8506, Japan. chosen for the summer academy on Megacities: social vul- Email: . nerability and measures to build social resilience” in the Website: . year 2007. He is an advisory council member of Winter Biographies of Contributors 1745

Course on Forced migration sponsored by Government of Email: . Finland, Calcutta Research Group, UNHCR and Brookings Website: . Institution. He has co-authored the article “The Megacity Resilience Framework” (UNU-EHS series SOURCE No. Anne Larigauderie (France) is the Executive Director of DI- 10/2008). VERSITAS hosted by the Muséum National d’Histoire Na- turelle (MNHN) in Paris. She received her Master’s Degree Address: Dr. Nanda Kishor, Project Consultant, Centre for in molecular biology from the University of Toulouse, Energy, Environment,Urban Governance & Infrastructure France (1982), and her PhD in plant ecology from the Development, Administrative Staff College of India, CNRS in Montpellier, France (1985). She then spent several 500 082 Bellavista, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, . years in the USA, working as a research assistant, and later Email: . as a staff scientist on various projects. In Alaska, she was in- 2 Michael Krause (Germany) has been employed as a Re- volved in the first pilot project performing CO enrich- 1985 1987 search Associate at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Im- ment of natural ecosystems in the tundra ( - ). At the pact Research (PIK) since 2007. See biographies of authors San Diego State University and the University of California- of forewords and preface essays. Davis, she worked on root competition of California grass- land species for soil nutrient pockets (1988-1990). A subse- Carmen Lacambra S. (Colombia) has recently completed quent project at Duke University, North Carolina, focused her PhD at the Cambridge Coastal Research Unit, in the on responses of various grass species to several scenarios of Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, where elevated CO2 and temperature, the aim of which was to she is now a research associate. Her project consists on the predict response of grasses to future climate change (1991- development of an ecosystem-inclusive coastal vulnerability 1992). In 1992, she returned to Europe, working as a re- assessment to natural disasters in coastal areas of the Neo- search scientist on the adaptation of dark respiration of tropics. Carmen worked for UNEP- World Conservation lowland and alpine plant species to future elevated temper- Monitoring Centre in the UK (2002–2005 and 2010), for atures at the University of Basel, Switzerland. In 1996, she the Colombian National Institute of Marine and Coastal became the coordinator of the Swiss Priority Programme Research – Invemar (2001–2002), for the Institute of Estua- on biodiversity and the scientific advisor to the Swiss dele- rine and Coastal Studies at the University of Hull (1998- gation to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). In 2000), and for the Colombian Oceanic Commission (1996- 1999, she joined the International Council for Science (IC- 1997). Most of Carmen career has developed in the field of SU, Paris) where she was in charge of the portfolio of pro- Coastal Zone Management and the Conservation of natu- grammes related to the environment (which includes DI- ral ecosystems at local, national and regional level. Carmen VERSITAS). She was appointed Executive Director of is a biologist from the University of Los Andes in Bogota, DIVERSITAS in late 2001 and tasked with launching this Colombia, and holds a Masters degree in Estuarine and new international programme of biodiversity science. She Coastal Science and Management from the University of maintains a strong interest in biodiversity science and espe- Hull, UK. cially the science-policy interface. Address: Dr. Carmen Lacambra, St Edmund’s College, Address: Dr Anne Larigauderie, DIVERSITAS, Muséum Cambridge, CB3 0BN, UK. National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Maison Buffon, 57 Email: . rue Cuvier – CP 41, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France. Website: . segura/>. Website: . Kuntala Lahiri-Dutt (India/Australia) is a Fellow at the Re- Pietro Laureano (Italy), Architect and Town Planner, is a source Management in Asia Pacific Programme, College of UNESCO consultant on arid areas, Islamic society and eco- Asia and the Pacific, in The Australian National University systems in danger. He worked in the Sahara desert and co- (ANU). She has written widely on water resource manage- ordinated projects in Algeria, Jordan, Yemen and Ethiopia. ment in South Asia. Among her publications are: (co-edited He is the author of the report on the addition of the Sassi with Robert Wasson): Water First: Issues and Challenges di Matera and the Cilento Park to the UNESCO world for Nations and Communities in South Asia (New Delhi: Heritage list. As the Italian representative in the Technical- Sage, 2008; (ed.): Fluid Bonds: Views on Gender and Wa- Scientific Committee in the United Nations Convention to ter (Kolkata: Stree, 2006); (guest ed.): ‘Water for People’, Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and as President of the special issue of Development; (co-author with Gopa Saman- Traditional Knowledge Panel he promoted a world data ta): “Like the drifting grains of sand: Vulnerability, security bank on the local knowledge system. At present he is carry- and adjustment by communities in the charlands of the Da- ing out this mission with the Research Centre on Local and modar delta”, in: South Asia: Journal of the South Asian Traditional Knowledge (IPOGEA) he founded. IPOGEA’s Studies Association, 32,2: 320-357; “People, power and riv- activities include coordinating EU projects in the Mediter- ers: Experiences from the Damodar river, India”, in: Water ranean, research and landscape restoration and using tradi- Nepal, 9-10,1-2: 251-267; “Imagining rivers”, in: Economic tional techniques in an innovative way. His publications in- and Political Weekly, 35,27: 2395-2400. clude: The Water Atlas. Traditional knowledge to combat Address: Prof. Dr. Kuntala Lahiri-Dutt, 231 Antill Street, desertification (Barcellona: Laia Libros, 2005); Water, the Watson, ACT 2602, Canberra, Australia. cycle of the life [in French, Spanish and Catalan] (Barcello- 1746 Authors

na: Laia Libros, 1999); La Piramide Rovesciata, il modello main researcher in more than 30 research projects, he coop- dell’oasi per il pianeta Terra (Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, erated in 5 projects funded by the National Plan for R&D, 1995); Giardini di Pietra, i Sassi di Matera e la civiltà medi- European Commission, Environment Ministry and the Re- terranea (Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 1993). gion of Murcia. He authored and co-authored 27 books 104 140 Address: Mr. Pietro Laureano, Ipogea, Via Roma 595, 50012 and studies, book chapters, scientific articles in na- 7 Bagno a Ripoli, Florence, Italy. tional and international journals and he edited books. He E-mail: . was president of the Spanish Geomorphology Society 1990 1992 Website: . ( - ), of the Mediterranean Committee of the Inter- national Union for Conservation of Nature, director of the Rik Leemans (The Netherlands), Dr. (University of Uppsa- University Institute for Water and Environment. He is a la), Professor of Environmental Systems Analysis, Environ- member of the Royal “Alfonso X” Academy. He is a mem- mental Sciences Department, Wageningen University and ber of networks on erosion studies, of Spanish and Europe- director of the WIMEK graduate school. He also chairs the an scientific institutions, of a panel of experts that wrote international Earth System Science Partnership (ESSP) and the National Action Plan against Desertification. He has the Dutch National Global Change Committee. He works been teaching many courses and addressed conferences on on various aspects of global environmental change. He cur- environmental problems, erosion and desertification proc- rently directs several multidisciplinary projects on land-use esses in Mediterranean environments. He is a member of change, biogeochemical cycles, global biodiversity. All these the scientific board of Spanish and international journals projects accentuate resilience vulnerability and sustainabili- and he has directed many theses of students. ty. His early studies at Uppsala University (Sweden) empha- Address: Prof. Dr. Francisco López Bermúdez, Departa- sized the successional dynamics and structure of boreal for- mento de Geografía, Univer-sidad de Murcia, Campus de ests. His subsequent research position at the Biosphere La Merced, 30001 Murcia, Spain. Project of the International Institute of Applied System Email: . Analyses (IIASA, Austria) focussed on boreal forest models. During the 1990’s he was a senior scientist of the National Michel Loreau (Canada) is Full Professor and Tier 1 Can- Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) in ada Research Chair in theoretical ecology at McGill Univer- Bilthoven. Here, he directed the development of integrated sity (Montreal, Canada). After receiving his Ph.D. from the modelling approaches for the biosphere within the IMAGE Free University of Brussels (ULB, Belgium) in 1983, he was 2 model. Since then his research has excelled into model- research assistant and senior research assistant of the Na- ling global environmental change. He has published many tional Fund for Scientific Research (Belgium), assistant lec- papers in books, reports and academic journals like Sci- turer and lecturer at the Free University of Brussels, pro- ence, Climatic Change, Ecological Modelling, Global Envi- gramme manager at the Science Policy Office (Belgium), ronmental Change and Ecology and Society. He chaired and professor at Pierre and Marie Curie University (Paris, the Response Option Working Group of the Millennium France). He has won several scientific prizes, including the Ecosystem Assessment (MA) and was involved as a lead-au- International Ecology Institute Prize, the Silver Medal of thor in all assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on the National Centre for Scientific Research (France), and Climate Change (IPCC) that was rewarded the Nobel the Agathon De Potter and Max Poll Prizes of the Royal Peace price in 2007. He is Editor-in-chief of Current Opin- Academy of Belgium. He has participated in the editorial ion in Environmental Sustainability, and on the editorial boards of many top ecology journals, including Ecology board of Ecosystems, Climatic Change, Global Environ- Letters, The American Naturalist, Ecology, Ecological mental Change, Carbon Balance and Management, and a Monographs and Oecologia. He is currently member of the member of Faculty of 1000 Biology. He works as a referee editorial board of PLoS Biology and the advisory board of for the Dutch Science Foundations (NWO and WOTRO), Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. He is also head the European Research Council (ERC) and is evaluator of of the Section Community Ecology and Biodiversity of the academic institutions and research projects. He has been a Faculty of 1000. He has been member of numerous na- member of several scientific associations, such as the Inter- tional and international scientific committees. In particular, national Association of Vegetation Science, The Integrated he chaired the Scientific Committee of DIVERSITAS, the Assessment Society and the American Ecological Society. international programme of biodiversity science, the Inter- Address: Prof. Dr. Rik Leemans, Environmental Systems national Steering Committee of the consultative process to- Analysis Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO wards an International Mechanism of Scientific Expertise Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. on Biodiversity (IMoSEB), the Steering Committee of the Email: . European Science Foundation programme Linking com- Website: . munity and ecosystem ecology (LINKECOL), and the Sci- entific Committee of the International Conference Biodi- Francisco López Bermúdez (Spain), Professor of Physical versity Science and Governance organized by France under Geography at the University of Murcia since 1978. He ob- the high patronage of Jacques Chirac, President of the tained the “Juan Sebastián Elcano” National Research French Republic, and Koïchiro Matsuura, Director-General Award (CISC) in 1973 for his Ph.D. thesis. He has taught of UNESCO. He is the author of over 200 scientific publi- environmental sciences and geography. His main research cations in the fields of theoretical ecology, community ecol- issues are erosion processes and desertification. He was the ogy, ecosystem ecology, population ecology, and evolution- Biographies of Contributors 1747 ary ecology. His current research aims to make a theoretical tributed mobile technology and high resolution satellite im- synthesis between the so far widely separated fields of bio- agery for the purposes of humanitarian early warning, crisis diversity, ecosystem functioning, community organisation, mapping and disaster response. He teaches advanced semi- and evolution of species. nars on “Disaster and Conflict Early Warning/Response” Address: Prof. Dr Michel Loreau, Department of Biology, and “Complex Systems Analysis” to graduate students and McGill University, 1205 avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal, UN agencies. He has published on early warning and has Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada. presented his cross-disciplinary research at dozens of re- Email: . spected conferences worldwide. Among his major publica- 2007 2006 Website: . tions are: Patrick/Bond ; Bond/Meier ; Meier/Li- notte 2006; Bond /Meier 2005; Levy/Meier 2004. As a Jens Kristian Lørup (Denmark) obtained his MSc degree in professional consultant, Mr. Meier has worked with the agronomy in 1991 specializing in hydrology, irrigation and UN, OSCE, IGAD and ECOWAS. In addition, he has soil erosion. Soon after he joined the Technical University worked with the International Crisis Group, International of Denmark, where he worked as research assistant and lec- Alert and the Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO). Mr. turer and completed his PhD study on the impact of land Meier is an alumnus of the Santa Fe Institute (SFI) and use change on water resources in 1998. He joined the DHI holds an MA from Columbia University’s School for Inter- in 1993, initially on a part-time basis parallel to his PhD national and Public Affairs (SIPA). study and assignments for Danida and the World Bank, and Address: Mr. Patrick Meier, The Fletcher School, 160 Pack- he has been at DHI ever since apart from a 3½-years assign- ard Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, U.S.A. ment as Danida Advisor to the Ministry of Agriculture in Email: . Bhutan. He has been involved in a number of research stud- Website: . use change on water resources, including on projects in Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Denmark, Egypt and the whole Nile Monique Mainguet (France), Professor Emeritus of the Basin. He has comprehensive experience with training and University of Reims Champagne Ardenne (France), founder transfer of knowledge and technology. He has conducted (1973) and director of the "Laboratoire de Géographie Zon- numerous training workshops around the world has also ale pour le Développement" (LGZD). She is honorarius conducted courses at the Technical University of Denmark member of the "Institut universitaire de France" (IuF) and in hydrology, irrigation, and IWRM. Apart from Denmark, active member of the "Comité Scientifique Français de la he has geographical experience from more than 15 coun- Désertification" (CSFD). Since 1975 she has been a consult- tries through one long-term assignment and from more ant for several international organisations (UNESCO, UN- than 50 short-term assignments abroad, primarily in East EP, FAO, WMO, ESCAP, UNU) and from 1985 to 1989, she Africa and Asia. He published on impact of land use and was Deputy Director of the DC PAC (Desertification Con- climate change on the water resources, including: (1998): trol Activity Centre) of UNEP in Nairobi (Kenya). In 2006- “Assessing the effect of land use change on catchment run- 2007, she was a team leader of a NATO Programme Securi- off by combined use of statistical tests and hydrological ty Through Science, Collaborative Linkage Grant on: “Use modelling”, in: Journal of Hydrology, 205, 147–163. of indicators for desertification in the oasian settlements” Address: Dr. Jens Kristian Lørup, DHI, Agern Allé 5, 2970 in collaboration with the universities of Errachidia (Morro- 2 2092 521 Hørsholm, Denmark. co) and Blida (Algéria), and of AUF P - RR : “Tech- Email: . niques traditionnelles de gestion et d’utilisation de l'eau en Website: . milieu soudano-sahélien camerounais, en parallèle avec les données acquises en milieu soudano-sahélien ivoirien. Hermann Lotze-Campen (Germany) is leading a research Etudes de cas” with the university of Abidjan (Ivory Coast) group on the interactions between climate change, agricul- and N'agoundéré (Cameroon). Her research interests are: ture and food production, land and water use, and adapta- societal-environment links, dryland environments, desert tion options through biomass energy production and tech- environmental changes, mainly through a multi-scale ap- nological change at the Potsdam Institute for Climate proach: continental with satellite imagery, regional and lo- Impact Research. See biographies of authors of forewords cal with aerial photographs, the whole investigations sus- and preface essays. tained by serious fieldwork. Recent investigations have focussed on desertification in Central Asian Deserts (Uz- Patrick P. Meier (United States of America): Doctoral Re- search Fellow with the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative bekistan) and in the Sahel (especially Mauritania and Sen- egal). Monique Mainguet has over 200 publications includ- (HHI), Harvard University, and PhD Candidate at The 8 7 Fletcher School, Tufts University. His academic and profes- ing books and “Compte-Rendus” to the French sional interests focus on improving the science, practice Academy of Sciences. Major publications include: Le mod- elé des Grès. Problèmes généraux. Institut Géographique and impact of conflict early warning and disaster response. 1972 He is especially interested in self-organized and decentral- National. Etudes de Photo-interprétation ( ), Thèse de ized modes of operational warning and response. His doc- Doctorat d’Etat; Desertification. Natural Background and Human Mismanagement (21994); Aridity , Droughts and toral research at Harvard University explores the impact of 1999 information communication technology (ICT) such as dis- Human Development (Heidelberg: Springer, ); English translation of : L'Homme et la Sécheresse (Paris: Masson, 1748 Authors

éd. Collection Géographie, year); with Dumay F: “Transa- relevant UN and other international organizations, aca- haran Wind Flows analysed on Meteosat 4 satellite image- demic institutions of higher education, governments, and ry. Resources, urban, sand & wind, Desert Technology III, UNU headquarters in Tokyo. Since August 2008 she is on Oct 15–20, 1995, Lake Motosu, Japan”, in: Journal of Arid maternity leave. Among her major publications are: Com- Land Studies, 53 (1995): 89–94; “Desertification: Global ponents of Risk - A Comparative Glossary. SOURCE No. Degradation of Drylands”, in: Brauch, Hans Günter; Liotta, 2/2006 (Bonn: UNU-EHS); (with Buton, J.-M.; Guillande, P.H; Marquina, Antonio; Rogers, Paul; Selim, Mohammed R. 2004): “Integrated real-time natural disaster manage- El-Sayed (Eds.): Security and Environment in the Mediter- ment in France”, in: Geoinformatics; (with Boatwright J.; ranean. Conceptualising Security and Environmental Con- Seekins, L.C., 2001): “Correlation of Ground Motion and flicts (Berlin-Heidelberg: pringer 2003): 645–653; with Du- Intensity for the 17 January, 1994 Northridge, California, may F., 2006: “Erosion éolienne et désertification” (Paris: Earthquake”, in: Bulletin Seismic Society, 91,4: 739–752; Comité Scientifique Français de la Désertification, les dossi- (with Boatwright J., 1998): “Using Safety Inspection Data to ers thématiques n°3); Les Pays secs, Environnement et Dével- Estimate Shaking Intensity for the 1994 Northridge Earth- oppement (Paris: Ellipses, Collection Carrefour, 2005). quake”, in: Bulletin Seismic Society of America, 88, 5: 1243– 1253 Address: Office: Prof. Dr. Monique Mainguet, Laboratoire . de Géographie Zonale pour le Développement, Université Address: Dr. Katharina Marre, Via Alberto da Sarteano 79, de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 57 Rue Pierre Taittinger, 51 00126 Rome, Italy. 100 Reims. France; Private: 24 Rue de la Cité Foulc, E-mail: . 30 000 Nîmes, France. Mabel-Cristina Marulanda (Colombia): is a Civil Engineer Email: and . ( ) of the National University of Colombia, Campus Manizales. She is a PhD student at UPC, Barcelona, Spain, Esther Marijnen (The Netherlands) holds a BSC in politi- in the Programme of Structural Analysis and a research as- cal science, with a focus on international relations and con- sistant of the International Centre of Numerical Methods flict studies at the University of Amsterdam. Currently she in Engineering, Barcelona (CIMNE). She has been involved is doing her MA in Conflict Studies and Human Rights at in research projects related to the design and implementa- the University of Utrecht. Since 2008, she is the research as- tion of urban observatories using environmental indicators sistant of Prof. John Grin. Fall 2009 she spent a semester in (2003-2004) and in the Programme of Indicators of Disas- Kigali, Rwanda, to conduct research and fieldwork for a ter Risk and Risk management Management for the Amer- project on “The future of Rwanda, social cohesion or so- icas developed (2004-2005) and updated (2008-2009) for cial disruption” as well as for a research project of the the IDB by the Institute of Environmental Studies (IDEA) Dutch development organisation, SNV and CARE concern- of the National University of Colombia. She did graduate ing economic community-based enterprises, engaged in ad- studies in the National Research Institute for Earth Science dressing the interconnected problems of poverty, conflict, and Disaster Prevention (NIED) of Japan (2005) and she and environmental degradation. Afterwards she was an in- has been awarded by the ProVention Consortium’s pro- tern at the Clingendael Institute for International Relations. gramme of applied research grants for disaster reduction 2005 2006 Address: Ms. Esther Marijnen, Department of Political Sci- ( - ) and by the ECOPOLIS’ programme of gradu- ence, University of Amsterdam OZ Achterburgwal 237, 1012 ate and design awards of the International Development 2008 2009 DL Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada ( - ). Some re- E-mail: . cent and relevant publications are: (co-author with Cardo- na, Omar D.; Ordaz, Mario G.; Yamín, Luis E.; Barbat, Alex , née Thywissen (South Africa, Germany), Katharina Marre H., 2008): “Earthquake Loss Assessment for Integrated Di- PhD in geophysics (seismology), GeoForschungsZentrum saster Risk Management”, in: Journal of Earthquake Engi- Potsdam, University of Potsdam in Germany; MSc in geol- neering, 12,1–2 (January): 48–59; (co-author with Carreño, ogy (marine geology), University of Hamburg, Germany. Martha-Liliana; Cardona, Omar D.; Barbat, Alex H., 2009): She worked for the U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, “Holistic Urban Seismic Risk Evaluation of Megacities: Ap- California; the reinsurance industry in New York on risk plication and Robustness” in: Mendes-Victor, Luis A.; assessment, modeling, pricing and exposure control; on Sousa Oliveira, Carlos; Azevedo, João; Ribeiro, António early warning at the United Nations Environment Pro- (Eds.), 2009: The 1755 Lisbon Earthquake: Revisited (Hei- gramme, Department for Early Warning and Assessment delberg: Springer). (UNEP/DEWA) in Nairobi, Kenya (2002-2003), and on 1 3 post-disaster damage assessment for a French consultant Address: Eng. Mabel-Cristina Marulanda, Jordi Girona - , 1 company (2003-2004). From 2004 to 2007 she was aca- Mod. C . Campus Nord, Universidad Politécnica de Cat- demic officer at UNU-EHS in Bonn where she also served aluña, Barcelona, Spain. as a senior scientific advisor to the German Federal Foreign Email: . 2005 2006 Office ( – ) and as an information exchange scien- Gordon McBean (Canada): Ph.D. (The University of Brit- tist at the German Federal Ministry for Education and ish Columbia, Vancouver); Professor of Geography and Po- 2006 2007 2007 2008 Research ( – ). From to she was a sci- litical Science and Director of Policy Studies, Institute for entific advisor at UNU-ViE dealing with core institutional Catastrophic Loss Reduction, The University of Western tasks including initiating new UN entities, relations with Ontario, London. Previously: Assistant Deputy Minister, Biographies of Contributors 1749

Meteorological Service of Environment Canada; Professor nants of Risks: Exposure and Vulnerability”, for a IPCC of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, The University of Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events British Columbia. His research work has shifted from the and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation studies of weather, climate and ocean systems to issues of (SREX). Before joining the University of Auckland in 2008 environmental policy, natural hazards, weather and climate he was professor of physical geography and climatology at adaptation and policy issues, role of governments in hazard King’s College London and before that reader in synoptic mitigation and weather and environmental prediction sys- climatology at the University of Birmingham. During his tems. He has published in the journals: Natural Hazards, time in the UK he led as principal investigator or collabo- Canadian Public Policy and Mitigation and Adaptation rated as co-investigator on a number of UK and EU funded Strategies for Global Change. He is a Member of the Order projects on climate and health. of Canada, Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, the Address: Professor Dr. Glenn McGregor, School of Envi- American Meteorological Society and the Canadian ronment, University of Auckland Private Bag 92019, Auck- Meteorological and Oceanographic Society and shared in land 1142, Auckland, New Zealand. the Nobel Peace Prize as a significant contributor to the Email: . IPCC. He is Chair of the International Council for Science Website: . (ICSU) - International Social Sciences Council - UN Inter- national Strategy for Disaster Reduction Science Commit- Czeslaw Mesjasz (Poland): Dr hab., Associate Professor, tee for Integrated Research on Disaster Risk Program. Faculty of Management, Cracow University of Economics, Cracow, Poland. See Address: Prof. Dr. Gordon McBean, Institute for Cata- biographies of editors. strophic Loss Reduction/Department of Geography, The Lidia Mesjasz (Poland): Ph.D., Assistant Professor at the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, Department of International Economics, Cracow University N6A 5C2. of Economics, Cracow, Poland. Her research interests in- Email: . clude: international debt, sovereign debt restructuring, fi- Website: . nancial crises, development economics. In 1988-1991 she worked in the Research Centre on Debt and Development, Rachel McCarthy (UK) is a Climate Change Consultant 1999 and Impacts Model Developer at the Met Office Hadley Jagiellonian University, Cracow. In July-August she was a Visiting Researcher at the World Bank, Washington, D.C., Centre. She is the climate impacts coordinator on the use 1999 of Met Office decadal forecasts to inform adaptation and USA. In September-October she was a Visiting Profes- sor in Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, mitigation strategies. Her role is concerned primarily with 40 assisting governments and businesses to understand the po- USA. Among her more than publications are chapters in tential impacts of climate change and in developing tailored books and papers in Polish on international debt and finan- projects to ascertain how climate change may impact on cial crises, including the following: “Kryzysy finansowe we their concerns. She has considerable experience in the re- współczesnej gospodarce şwiatowej” [Financial Crises in gional modelling of global water resources and the impacts the Current World Economy), in: Miklaszewski, Stanisław of climate change on agriculture. She gained a joint, first (Ed): “Międzynarodowe stosunki gospodarcze u progu XXI wieku” [International Economic Relations on the Turn of class honours bachelor’s degree in physics and chemistry 2006 108 162 from the University of Durham and wrote her dissertation XXI Century] (Warszawa: Difin, ): - ; “Kryzys on polar ozone depletion. zadłużeniowy i jego konsekwencje” [Debt Crisis and its Consequences], in: Miklaszewski, Stanisław (Ed): “Kraje Address: Dr. Rachel McCarthy, Met Office Hadley Centre, rozwijające się w şwiatowym systemie gospodarczym” [De- 1 3 FitzRoy Road, Exeter, Devon EX PB, United Kingdom. veloping Countries in the World Economic System] Email: . (Warszawa: Difin, 2007): 42–101; “Rola MFW w Website: . rozwiązywaniu kryzysów finansowych” [IMF Role in Solving Glenn McGregor (New Zealand/UK) is Director of the Financial Crises], in: “Handel i finanse międzynarodowe w School of Environment, University of Auckland, New Zea- warunkach globalizacji” [International Trade and Finance land. He is a climatologist with interests in synoptic clima- in Global Economy] (Poznań: University of Economics Pub- 2007 216 132 tology, climate and health and large scale hydroclimatology. lishing House, ): – ; “Rola sektora oficjalnego w As well as researching and teaching in the field of climatol- restrukturyzacji długu państwowego” [Role of Official Sec- ogy, he is Chief Editor of: The International Journal of Cli- tor in Sovereign Debt Restructuring], in: Noga, Marian; matology, the World Meteorological Organisation’s Com- Sawicka, Małgorzata (Eds.): “Problemy gospodarki mission of Climatology’s Lead Expert on Climate and şwiatowej” [World Economy’s Problems]. Scientific Papers 1191 2008 304 315 Health and the 2011 President elect of the International So- of Wroc³aw Academy of Economics, ( ): – . ciety of Biometeorology. He was a special advisor on clima- Address: Asst. Prof. Dr. Lidia Mesjasz, Cracow University of tology for the 2008 UK Research Assessment Exercise and Economics, Pl-31-510 Kraków, ul. Rakowicka 27, Poland. also a contributing author to the heath chapter of Working Email: . Group II’s “Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Report” Website: . for the 2007 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report on Climate Change. He continues to be involved in IPCC activities Bert Metz (The Netherlands): PhD, studied Chemical Engi- through his lead authorship of Chapter 2 entitled “Determi- neering at the Delft University of Technology. He worked for 1750 Authors

the Inspectorate for Environmental Protection of the Nether- ground. He did his bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering lands Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environ- from the University of Calicut, post graduate diplomas in ment, as Senior Lecturer at the Department of Chemical En- Environmental Management and NGO Management from gineering at the Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria, Nigeria Annamalai University and a Masters degree in International and as Counsellor for Environment and Health at the Royal Development from the University of Bristol, UK. Moreover, Netherlands Embassy in Washington DC. In 1992 he became he has eight years of work experience mainly in the water Deputy Director for Air and Energy of the Netherlands Min- and development sector in India and in the Middle East. istry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment. In this He is experienced in all phases of project development, function he was responsible for climate policy and interna- budgeting, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, in- tional climate change negotiations. He was chief negotiator cluding research, strategic planning, analytical work, com- for the Netherlands till the agreement on the Kyoto Protocol. munity mobilization and organizational management. He From 1997 to 2008 he served as co-chairman of the Working has a strong interest in environment and development and Group on Climate Change Mitigation of the Intergovern- believes that bottom-up development leading to community mental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) of the UN. From empowerment and emancipation of marginalized sections 1998 to 2008 he has been associated with the Netherlands is essential for addressing the challenges of the present Environmental Assessment Agency, where he led the Interna- world. tional Environmental Assessment and the Global Sustainabili- Address: Mr. Mathews Mullackal, Jal Bhagirathi Founda- 2008 ty and Climate Division. Since his retirement in he is a tion, Near Kayalana Lake, Bijolai, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, fellow at the European Climate Foundation, a member of the India. Scientific Advisory Board of the Mediterranean Climate Cen- Email: . tre in Italy and of the editorial board of the journal Climate Website: . and Development. Among his major publications are: Third and Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group III IPCC, Sreeja Nair (India): Associate Fellow with the Center for IPCC Special Reports on Technology Transfer, CO2 Cap- Global Environment Research at The Energy and Resourc- ture and Storage and Ozone and Climate es Institute (TERI) in New Delhi. She works on issues per- taining to climate change impacts, vulnerability and adapta- Address: Dr. Bert. Metz, Westerlookade 4, 2271 GA, Voor- burg; The Netherlands. tion assessment. An inter-disciplinary researcher with a Bachelors degree in biomedical sciences and a Masters in E-mail: . environmental studies and a Masters in Climate & Society Website: . (Columbia University), she works on crosscutting issues Sami Moisio (Finland): Ph.D., Docent in Political Geogra- and policy analysis related to climate change, across both phy and Academy of Finland senior research fellow at the natural science and social science realms. She has worked Department of Geography of the University of Turku. He extensively assessing the impact of environmental and de- served formerly as assistant professor of IR at the Universi- velopmental stressors on populations, with a major focus ty of Lapland and assistant professor of Human Geography on the agriculture and water sector. Broadly, her interest ar- at the Universities of Oulu and Turku. His research focuses eas include exploring the social dimensions of population- on geopolitics, regional transformation, and European inte- environment-development synergies and conflicts. gration. He is the author of several publications and arti- Address: Ms. Sreeja Nair, TERI (The Energy and Resources cles on European integration, geopolitical theory, northern Institute), Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodi Europe and Finland. He has published papers in these are- Road, New Delhi 110 003, India. as in, for instance, in: Geopolitics, National Identities, Co- Email: and . operation and Conflict, World Political Science Review, Website: . and Scottish Geographical Journal. Fabien Nathan (France), Project Manager at Sogreah Con- Address: Dr. Sami Moisio, Department of Geography, Uni- versity of Turku, FIN-20014, Turku, Finland. sultants in Echirolles, France. He obtained a PhD from the Email: . Graduate Institute of International and Development Stud- (IHEID, Geneva). He graduated in sociology and histo- Website: . ry, then obtained master degrees in sociology and in devel- opment studies. His main area of work are: sociology of Christoph Müller (Germany) is a Geoecologist and holds a risks and disasters, vulnerability and resilience analysis, risk Ph.D. from Potsdam University and the International Max management, participatory community planning, resettle- Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling in ment, and public consultation. His publications include: Hamburg, Germany. See biographies of authors of fore- “Natural Disasters, Vulnerability, and Human Security”, in: words and preface essays. Brauch, Hans Günter; Grin, John; Mesjasz, Czeslaw; Krum- menacher, Heinz; Chadha Behera, Navnita; Chourou, (India) is heading the Programme De- Mathews Mullackal Béchir; Oswald Spring, Ursula; Kameri-Mbote, Patricia velopment Group in Jal Bhagirathi Foundation (JBF). He is (Eds.): Facing Global Environmental Change: Environ- primarily responsible for developing new programmes, add- mental, Human, Energy, Food, Health and Water Security ing value to the existing projects and action oriented re- Concepts (Berlin–Heidelberg–New York: Springer-Verlag, search. He has a unique multidisciplinary educational back- 2009): 1121–1129; “Comprendre le risque et la vulnérabilité. Biographies of Contributors 1751

Une perspective de sciences sociales à propos des risques School of Oceanography at the University of Rhode Island de glissement de terrain à La Paz, Bolivie”, in: Becerra, Syl- (USA) from 1992-1995, and was Professor of Meteorology via; Peltier, Anne (Eds.), Risques et environnement: recher- and head of the Atmospheric Physics Division at the De- ches interdisciplinaires sur la vulnérabilité des sociétés (Pa- partment of Meteorology, Stockholm University from ris: L'Harmattan, 2009): 117–128; “Risk perception, risk 2000-2004. From 2004-2008 he was the Executive Director management and vulnerability to landslides in the hill-slo- of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP), pes in the city of La Paz, Bolivia. A preliminary statement”, and a member of the Earth System Science Partnership (ES- in: Disasters, 32/3 (Autumn 2008): 337–357. SP). In autumn 2008 he moved back to Stockholm Universi- Address: Dr. Fabien Nathan, 4, rue de la bajatière, F-38100 ty, and moved half time to the Royal Swedish Academy of 2010 Grenoble, France. Sciences in . Early research work in Chemical Engi- Email: . neering focused on transparent semiconductors for use as Website: ; and . change, and Earth System Science. He is an advocate of an interdisciplinary approach to obtaining a solid scientific ba- Hiromi Nishimoto (Japan) is a Ph.D. student of the Gradu- sis for decisions on environmental and climate issues. He is ate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto Univer- author/coauthor of more than 120 scientific articles and sity. book chapters. He has headed up of a number of large in- Address: Ms. Hiromi Nishimoto, C cluster, Kyotodaigaku- ternational field experiments, and is (or has been) a mem- katsura, Nishigyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 6158540, JAPAN, ber of a number of international committees and boards, Email: . currently including the European Academies Science Advi- sory Council´s Environment Steering Panel. He is Associ- Carlos A. Nobre (Brazil), Senior Scientist at the Brazilian ate Editor of the journals Ambio and Atmospheric Re- Institute for Space Research (INPE), is chair of the Scientif- search, and was Editor in Chief of the IGBP Global Change ic Committee of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Newsletter. He is active in conveying science to stakehold- Programme (IGBP). He obtained a degree in Electronics ers and the general public. He regularly gives presentations Engineering at the Brazilian Technological Institute of Aer- and short courses on climate and Earth System Science for onautics and a doctoral degree in Meteorology at the Mas- non-science audiences. He also interacts regularly with the sachusetts Institute of Techology (MIT). He was director of media in international arenas. INPE's Center for Weather and Climate Forecasting (CPTEC) during 1991-2003 and the Programme Scientist Address: Prof. Dr. Kevin Noone, Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 for the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in 91 Amazonia (1996-2002). His research insterests range from Stockholm, Sweden. tropical meteorology and Amazonia to climate modeling, Email: . biosphere-atmosphere interactions and climate change. Website: . Address: Prof. Dr. Carlos A. Nobre, Centro de Previsao de U. Joy Ogwu (Nigeria), Ambassador, currently serves as the Tempo e Estudos Climaticos, Instituto Nacional de Pesqui- Permanent Representative of Nigeria to the United Na- sas Espaciais, C. Postal 01, Rodovia Presidente Dutra,12630- tions. Prior to her appointment as Nigeria’s Foreign Minis- 000 Cachoeira Paulista, São José dos Campos, Brazil. ter in August 2006 she served as the first female Director- Email: . General of the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs Website: . (NIIA). . See biographies of authors of forewords and pref- ace essays. Kevin Noone (United States/Sweden) is a Professor and has joint appointments at the Department of Applied Hiroshi Ohta (Japan), Professor at the School of Interna- Environmental Science and the Stockholm Resilience Cen- tional Liberal Studies, . He received a tre at Stockholm University, and is Director of the Swedish Ph.D. in international relations from the Department of Po- Secretariat for Environmental Earth System Sciences at the litical Science of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He is the co-theme of Columbia University in New York City. Some recent rele- leader of the Global Environmental Change theme at vant works to this volume include: “Japanese Foreign Policy Stockholm Resilience Centre and is head of the Atmospher- on Climate Change: Diplomacy and Domestic Politics”, in: ic Science Division at the Department of Applied Environ- Harris, Paul G. (Ed.): Climate Change and Foreign Policy: mental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, Sweden. He Case Studies from East to West (London: Routledge, 2009: has degrees in Chemical Engineering, and Civil and Envi- 36–52); “A Small Leap forward: Regional Cooperation for ronmental Engineering from the University of Washington Tackling the Problems of the Environment and Natural Re- in Seattle, WA (USA). He was on the faculty at the Depart- sources in Northeast Asia”, in: Timmermann, Martina; ment of Meteorology, Stockholm University from 1987-91, Tsuchiyama, Jituso (Eds.): Institutionalizing Northeast a research scientist and Adjunct Professor of Oceanography Asia: Regional Steps towards Global Governance (New at the Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Studies, Graduate York: United Nations University, 2008: 297-315); “Japanese 1752 Authors

Environmental Foreign Policy and the Prospects for Japan- came a principal engineer in geology in 1996, he obtained a EU Cooperation: The Case of Global Climate Change”, in: master degree on sedimentary basins in 1998 from the Fac- Ueta, Takako; Àemacle, Eric (Eds.): Japan and Enlarged ulty of Science of Tunis (Tunisia) and in 2005 he received a Europe: Partners in Global Governance (Brussels: Peter PhD also from the Faculty of Science of Tunis (Tunisia), Lang, 2005: 99-126). specializing in hydrogeology. He joined the Sahara and Sa- 2000 Address: Prof. Dr. Hiroshi Ohta, Ph.D., School of Liberal hel Observatory (OSS) in as an engineer assisting hy- Studies, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku-ku, drogeologists within the framework of the North Western Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan. Sahara Aquifer System Project” (NWSASS) and since Janu- 2007 E-mail: . ary he is a Water Programme Officer, where he con- tributes his skills on hydogeological modelling, databases Felix Bayode Olorunfemi (Nigeria), Dr., Research Fellow and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) management at the Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research He contributed to the publication of the project reports. (NISER), Ibadan. He obtained his PhD in Geography from He acted as a hydrogeologist expert for the project “Man- the University of Ibadan, Nigeria in 2004 with funding as- aging risks of the Iullemeden aquifer system (Western Afri- sistance from the Council for the Development of Social ca)” for which he developed the hydrogeological model Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA), Dakar, Senegal. and the data base. He wrote the reports on the Iullemeden He is also a Research Fellow of the Earth System Govern- model and on the database. ance Project, a core project of the International Human Address: Dr. Mohamedou Ould Baba Sy, Observatoire du (IHDP), Bonn, Dimensions Programme on Global Change Sahara et du Sahel (OSS), Boulevard du Leader Yasser Ara- Germany. At present, he is executing a fellowship pro- fat, BP 31, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia. gramme awarded by the Global Change SysTems Analysis Email: . for Research and Training (START), Washington DC, un- Website: .. der the African Climate Change Fellowship Programme (ACCFP) at the University of Cape Town, Climate Systems Anna Paldy (Hungary) is a Medical Epidemiologist MPH, Analysis Group, South Africa. The fellowship project focus- PhD with 30 years experience in different fields of environ- es on flood risks and sustainable adaptation in selected in- mental health. She has been working at the National Insti- formal settlements in the city of Cape Town. Some of his tute of Environmental Health (former National Institute of recent publications include; (2009): “Willingness to Pay for Public Health) since 2008 heading the Division of Health Improved Environmental Quality Among Residents Living Impact Forecast. Since 2002 she has been the deputy direc- in Close Proximity to Landfills in Lagos Metropolis”, in: Af- tor of the institute. She has been involved in several multi rican Research Review, 3,1 (April): 97-110; (with U.A Ra- centre as well as Hungarian studies. Her research field cov- heem, 2006-2007): “Urban Development and Environmen- ered cytogenetics, environmental epidemiology focusing on tal Implications: The Challenge of Urban Sustainability in the effect of pesticides, air and water pollutants. She was Nigeria”, in: Australasian Journal of African Studies (Afri- actively involved in the implementation of the National En- can Studies Association of Australasian and the Pacific [AF- vironmental Health Action Programme. She has been fre- SAAP], Australia), 28: 74-96; (with F. Olokesusi, 2006): quently invited as temporary advisor in climate and health “Noise Pollution”, in: Matt, F.; Ivbijaro, F.; Akintola, Festus; related issues by the WHO. In the last 10 years she studied Okechukwu, R.V (Eds.) Sustainable Environmental Mana- the health impact of environmental pollution on mortality gement in Nigeria (Ibadan, Nigeria: Mattivi Production): and morbidity, among others the health impact of climate 139-146. change. She has largely contributed to the elaboration of Address: Dr. Felix Bayode Olorunfemi, Physical Develop- the National Climate Adaptation Strategy and of the heat- ment Department, Nigerian Institute of Social and Eco- health early warning system in Hungary. She has been par- nomic Research, PMB 05, U.I P.O, Ojoo, Ibadan, Oyo ticipating in the activity of the research group on Adapta- State, 200001, Nigeria. tion to Impacts of Climate Change of the Hungarian Acad- E-mail: . emy of Science. She is a member of the National Environ- Website: . mental Council, she acted as a president of the Central- Eastern European Chapter of the International Society of (Switzerland) has been the fifth Rec- Konrad Osterwalder Environmental Epidemiology. She is president of the Socie- tor of the United Nations University and Under-Secretary- ty of Hungarian Hygienists. She has leading the module of General of the United Nations since 1 September 2007. See Environmental Epidemiology at the School of Public . biographies of authors of forewords and preface essays Health in Debrecen, Hungary. She authored and co-au- Úrsula Oswald Spring (Mexico), Research Professor at the thored more than 30 peer-reviewed papers and book chap- National University of Mexico (UNAM), in the Regional ters. Multidisciplinary Research Center (CRIM) in Cuernavaca. Address: Anna Paldy, MD, MPH, PhD, National Institute of See biographies of editors. Environmental Health, Gyali ut 2-6, Budapest, 1097, Hun- gary. Mohamedou Ould Baba Sy (Mauritania), Hydrogeological Expert in charge of information systems and modelling in Email: . : . the water sector at the Sahara and Sahel Observatory Website (OSS). He obtained a university diploma in 1992, he be- Biographies of Contributors 1753

Erika Palin (UK) is a Climate Change Consultant at the ture. He has published 5 books and about 150 scientific pa- Met Office Hadley Centre. She obtained a first-class Mas- pers on climate change impacts. ter of Natural Sciences degree from the University of Cam- Address: Prof. Dr. Martin Parry OBE, Grantham Institute 2000 bridge in , and remained at Cambridge for her PhD, and Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College Lon- 2003 which she completed in . Subsequently, she worked in don, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK. academic research at the Royal Institution of Great Britain Email: . and the University of Cambridge, and published eighteen peer-reviewed papers during her academic career. She Mark Pelling (UK) is Reader in Human Geography, and joined the Met Office Hadley Centre in 2008, where her Chair of the Environment, Politics and Development Re- role involves assisting commercial and government custom- search Group King’s College London. Before this he was ers to understand the potential impacts of climate change Lecturer in Geography at the University of Liverpool (UK) on their operations. She has recently worked on projects in- and University of Guyana (Guyana). His PhD on a political volving the assessment of climate risk in various African ecology of social vulnerability to urban flooding in Guyana countries; seasonal forecasting of winter wave heights in was awarded by the University of Liverpool in 1998. His re- the ; and understanding the effects of climate search focuses on social vulnerability and adaptation to en- change on energy infrastructure in the Northeast USA. vironmental risks including those associated with climate change with a particular interest in urban governance and Address: Dr Erika Palin, Met Office Hadley Centre, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, Devon EX1 3PB, United Kingdom. poverty alleviation. His publications include: Adaptation to Email: . Climate Change: A Progressive Vision of Human Security (London: Routledge, 2010); (with Ben Wisner, Ed.) Website: . : Disas- ter Risk Reduction: Cases from Urban Africa (London: Jean Palutikof (United Kingdom), Ph.D., is Director of the Earthscan, 2009); The Vulnerability of Cities: Natural Dis- National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility at aster and Social Resilience (London: Earthscan, 2003) and Griffith University. She took up the role in October 2008, (Ed.) Natural Disasters and Development in a Globalizing having previously managed the production of the Intergov- World (London: Routledge, 2003). He has been a consult- ernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assess- ant with UN-HABITAT, UNDP, DFID and the ProVention ment Report for Working Group II (Impacts, Adaptation Consortium. He has acted as chair of the Climate Change and Vulnerability), while based at the UK Met Office. Prior Research Group, Royal Geographical Society, 2004-2009; to joining the Met Office, she was a Professor in the School as a member of the International Advisory Committee for of Environmental Sciences, and Director of the Climatic the ProVention Consortium, 2005–2010, and; as a Lead Au- Research Unit, at the University of East Anglia, UK, where thor in the IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risks of she worked from 1979 to 2004, and a Lecturer at the De- Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change partment of Geography, University of Nairobi, Kenya, from Adaptation, 2008–2011. As an active member of the Inter- 1974 to 1979. Her research interests focus on climate national Human Dimensions Programme (IHDP), he has change impacts, and the application of climatic data to eco- served as an associate of the Global Environmental nomic and planning issues. She specializes in the study of Change and Human Security (GECHS), and Urban Global changes in extreme events and their impacts, especially Environmental Change (UGEC) research programmes and windstorm. She was a Lead Author for Working Group II also on the UK Committee for Human Dimensions of Glo- of the IPCC Second and Third Assessment Reports. She bal Environmental Change. 200 has authored more than papers, articles and reports on Address: Dr. Mark Pelling, Department of Geography, the topic of climate change and climate variability. Her King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK. proudest moment to date was attending the ceremony in Email: . 2007 at which the IPCC was awarded the Nobel Peace Website: . Address: Prof. Dr. Jean Palutikof, NCCARF, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia 4222. Ariel Macaspac Penetrante (Germany/Philippines): PhD candidate at the universities of Vienna and Cologne. He is Email: . coordinator of the Processes of International Negotiation Martin Parry OBE (United Kingdom), Ph.D., was recently at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Co-Chair of Working Group II (Impacts, Adaptation and (IASA), where he researches on international negotiation in Vulnerability) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate collaboration with the United Nations, the Comprehensive Change (IPCC). Formerly he was Professor of Geography Nuclear Test Ban Organisation (CTBTO) and the United at the Universities of Oxford, University College London, States Institute for Peace. He holds a M.A. in political sci- Birmingham and the University of East Anglia. He is cur- ence, sociology and education from the Ludwig-Maximil- rently a visiting professor at Imperial College, University of ians-University in Munich and a M.A. in Mediation from London. He was chairman of the UK Climate Change Im- the Vriadrina European University in Frankfurt (Oder) and pacts Review Group, and a coordinating lead author in the Humboldt University in Berlin (Germany). His areas of in- IPCC’s first, second and third assessments. His main re- terest are mediation, conflict management, climate change, search interests concern impacts and adaptation on agricul- negotiation, small arms and light weapons, circular migra- tion, and education of migrants. He has worked with the 1754 Authors

CTBTO in evaluating a large-scale exercise in Kazahkstan decade. He is a final stage doctoral student of health geog- (2008), with the Philippine government negotiating panel raphy at the University of Ibadan. His research interests for the Mindanao peace process (2008-2009), and lectured cover the broad area of medical geography with an empha- at the De La Salle University in Manila, Philippines. He sis on urban health, climate change and risk analysis. He contributes to the PinPoints Magazine on international ne- has participated in several international conferences and gotiation. Major publications: “Common But Differentiated training workshops including the 6th International Human Responsibilities – the North-South Divide in the Climate Dimensions Programme (IHDP) in Germany, 2005. He Change Negotiations”, in: Sjöstedt, Gunnar; Penetrante, Ar- also received the World Meteorological Organization iel Macaspac (Eds.): Climate Change Negotiations: A (WMO) travel grant to attend the Earth System Science Guide to Resolving Disputes and Facilitating Multilateral Partnership (ESSP) Open Science Conference in China, Cooperation (London: Earthscan, 2010); Mass-killings and 2006, the 5th IHDP Workshop, New Delhi, 2008 and the mass-violence in Southern Philippines – Negotiating Identi- Bergen Summer Research School (BSRS) on Global Devel- ty Conflicts”, in: Zartman, William, I; Meerts, Paul; Anstey, opment Challenges, Norway, 2009. He is a member of sev- Mark (Eds.): External Efforts to Promote Negotiation in eral learned societies both at home and abroad including Identity Conflicts (forthcoming 2010); “Micro- and Mac- the Canadian Society for International Health, Internation- roperspectives in the Point of Entry Negotiation of the al Society for Urban Health, USA, International Society for Comprehensive Nuclear Test-ban Treaty”, in: Hampson, Ecological Economics (ISEE), International Association for Fen Osler; Melamud, Mordechai; Meerts, Paul (Eds.): Research in Income and Wealth (IARIW) and Association CTBT in Motion (forthcoming 2010). of Nigerian Geographers (ANG). He also published widely Address: Mr. Ariel Macaspac Penetrante, International Insti- in reputable local and international research journals. His 2008 tute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 recent publications include (with F.B Olorunfemi, ): Laxenburg, Austria. “Sustainable Disaster Risk Reduction in Nigeria: Lessons Email: . for Developing Countries”, in: African Research Review, 2,2 (April): 187-217; “Biodiversity Management and Poverty Alexander Popp (Germany) is a Research Fellow at the Reduction in Nigeria: Towards a Pro-Poor Approach”, in: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) and Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Manage- head of the working group on land use management in Re- ment, 1,8 (2008): 23-32. search Domain III - Sustainable Solutions. Address: Mr. Usman Adebimpe Raheem, Department of Juan Manuel Quiñonero-Rubio (Spain), Ph D candidate at Geography, Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, Univer- the University of Murcia, a Researcher in the Programme sity of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. on Water Sources Management at the Technical University E-mail: . of Cartagena. He graduated in geography in June 2005 at Website: . the University of Murcia. He collaborated in several nation- Andreas Rechkemmer (Germany) is presently a Guest Pro- al and regional environmental projects working on Geo- fessor of Political Science at the Beijing Normal University, (GIS) and in fieldwork on graphical Information Systems China and he teaches in the International Master of hydrology and erosion control. In September 2005 he Environmental Science (IMES) Programme of the Universi- worked on sediments transport at the Earth Sciences Insti- ty of Cologne. He advises the United Nations, the Global tute “ ” with a research fellowship of the Jaume Almera Na- Risk Forum (GRF) Davos, and the European Association (CSIC). In December tional Research Council of Spain of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI). 2006 1st National Award on Geography he was granted the He is a Visiting Scholar at the Warner College of Natural by the Science and Education Ministry of Spain. From 2005 Resources at Colorado State University. From 2005 to to 2008 he worked on hydrological modelling and digital 2009, he was Executive Director of the International Hu- elevation models analysis to improve geomorphologic maps man Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental and hydrological processes. He studied soil erosion proto- Change (IHDP). He holds a masters degree in philosophy cols and laboratory and hydrological response at the Uni- and political science and a PhD in international relations. versity of Bristol, UK. Since May 2008 he worked on re- He has published several books as well as numerous book gional spatial planning for the government of Murcia to chapters and journal articles. Among others, he is the au- apply GIS on roads, and since 2009 he works for the Cen- thor of Postmodern Global Governance (2004) and the tre of Soil Science and Applied Biology of Segura of the editor of: UNEO – Towards an International Environment CSIC in Murcia on GIS, hydrology, erosion control and ge- Organization (2005). He has a distinct background in sci- omorphology within the European project MIRAGE. ence for policy-making processes, and has worked with the Address: Mr. Juan Manuel Quiñonero-Rubio, Centro de UN in several functions, as well as with the Social Science Edafología y Biología aplicada del Segura, CSIC, Campus Research Centre Berlin (WZB), the German Institute for de Espinardo, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain. International and Security Affairs (SWP), and the Europe- Email: and . an School of Governance (EUSG). Usman Adebimpe Raheem (Nigeria) teaches Human Ge- Address: Dr. Andreas Rechkemmer, Global Risk Forum ography at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria where he has (GRF), CH-7270 Davos, Switzerland. been teaching and conducting research for more than a Email: . Biographies of Contributors 1755

Boualem Rémini (Algeria), Professor in the Department of lution, 131,1: 81-91; (co-author with Birkmann, J., Damm, M. Water Sciences and Environment of the Blida University and Gallopín, G.C. (in press): “Understanding multiple (Algeria); specialist of fluids (wind actions and water run- thresholds of coupled social-ecological systems exposed to off). He has a doctorate in hydraulic status of the National natural hazards as external shocks”, in: Natural Hazards; Polytechnic School of Algiers (1997) and a doctorate in ge- (co-author with Dun, O., Warner, K. and Bogardi ,J. (in ography obtained at the University Champagne Ardenne of press): “A decision framework for environmentally induced Reims (2001). He received the award for best publication migration”, in: International Migration (manuscript accept- of Algeria in 2006. In 2006-2007 he was involved in the ed for publication); (co-author with Kaplan, M. and NATO Programme Security Through Science, Collaborative Lüchters, G., 2009): “Vulnerability Assessment and Protec- Linkage Grant on: “Use of indicators for desertification in tive Effects of Coastal Vegetation during the 2004 Tsunami the oasian settlements” in collaboration with the University in Sri Lanka”, in: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sci- of Reims Champagne Ardenne (France) and Errachidia ences, 9:1479–1494. 100 5 (Morroco). His over publications, among them Address: Dr. Fabrice Renaud, UN Campus, Hermann- 1997 books, include: Doctorate thesis of : “Siltation of dams Ehlers Str. 10, 53111 Bonn, Germany. in Algeria: Magnitude, mechanisms and extraction of densi- Email: . ty current”; Doctorate thesis in Geography at the University Champagne Ardenne of 2001: “Mega-barriers and their in- Martin Rice (UK), Coordinator of the Earth System Sci- fluence on the wind action and sand encroachment in ence Partnership (ESSP) based in Paris, France. The ESSP is oasis”. His latest book: The foggara (Algiers: Office of Uni- a joint initiative of four global environmental change re- versity Publications, 2008); “Evolution of large dams in arid search programmes: (DIVERSITAS - an international pro- regions: a few examples of Algeria”, in: Secheresse, 20,1 gramme of biodiversity science, IHDP - International (2009): 96-103. Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change, IGBP–International Geosphere-Biosphere Pro- Address: Prof. Dr. Boualem Remini, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Department of Sciences of Water and Environ- gramme, and WCRP–World Climate Research ment, Saad Dahlab University, Blida, Algeria. Programme). The Partnership allows for an integrated study of the Earth system, the ways that it is changing, and Email: . the implications for global and regional sustainability. Prior Fabrice Renaud (France) is Associate Director and Head of to working for the ESSP, Martin Rice was a Programme the Environmental Vulnerability and Energy Security Sec- Manager for the Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change tion at the United Nations University - Institute for Envi- Research in Kobe, Japan. He has a Master of Science in ronment and Human Security (UNU-EHS). He holds a Environmental Management and a Master of Arts (Hons.) PhD in agronomy (soil physics) from the University of Ar- in Geography and International Relations from the Univer- kansas (USA). He has broad expertise in the fields of sity of Aberdeen, Scotland. agronomy, soil science, and pesticide fate modelling. He Address: Martin Rice, ESSP Coordinator, c/o has worked on rural development projects in Namibia DIVERSITAS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 where he mainly carried out farming system surveys and in rue Cuvier - CP 41, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. Thailand where he worked on soil conservation projects. At Email: UNU-EHS he is responsible for developing concepts and Website: . projects dealing with the environmental dimension of vul- nerability; water pollution; land degradation; and energy se- Badaoui Rouhban (Lebanon): Dr., Director, Section for curity which also represent his main research foci. He su- Disaster Reduction in the Natural Sciences Sector, pervises PhD candidates and is involved in capacity UNESCO. Within UNESCO he is the focal point for the development in academia and in training seminars and United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduc- workshops. Among his major publications are: (co-author tion (UN/ISDR). He manages and coordinates internation- with Bellamy, P.H.; Brown, C.D., 2008): “Simulating pesti- al activities related to the scientific, engineering and educa- cides in ditches to assess ecological risk (SPIDER): I. Mod- tional aspects of natural disaster studies and prevention. He el description”, in: Science of the Total Environment, 394: is involved in several United Nations projects and mecha- 112-123; (co-author with Brown, C.D., 2008): “Simulating nisms concerning disaster risk reduction. He holds a de- pesticides in ditches to assess ecological risk (SPIDER): II. gree of Doctor of Engineering from the University ‘Pierre Benchmarking for the drainage model”, in: Science of the & Marie Curie’ in Paris and has carried out post-doctoral Total Environment, 394: 124–133; (co-author with Bogardi, research at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. He joined J.J.; Dun, O.; Warner K., 2007): Control, adapt or flee: UNESCO in 1981. He authored several papers and articles How to face environmental migration? InterSecTions and is co-editor of the book: Assessment and mitigation of No.5/2007 (Bonn: UNU-EHS); “Environmental compo- earthquake risk in the Arab region (Paris: UNESCO). nents of vulnerability”, in: Birkmann, Joern (Ed.): Measur- Address: Dr Badaoui Rouhban, Natural Sciences Sector, ing vulnerability to natural hazards. Towards disaster resil- UNESCO, 1 rue Miollis, 75732 Paris, France. ient societies (Tokyo: UNU Press): 117–127; (co-author with Email: . Brown, C.D.; Fryer, C.J.; Walker A; 2004). “A lysimeter ex- Website: . periment to investigate temporal changes in the availability of pesticide residues for leaching”, in: Environmental Pol- 1756 Authors

Uriel N. Safriel (Israel), Professor of Ecology at the He- Globe-2008 at the European Parliament in Brussels, Bel- brew University of Jerusalem, Israel. He received his D. gium. He was nominated for other international awards for Phil. at Oxford University in 1967, and spent two post-doc- his contributions to research and development on water re- toral years at the University of Michigan. He served as sources management, the environment, climate change, and Head of the Department of Zoology of the Hebrew Uni- renewable energy. versity of Jerusalem, Chief Scientist in Israel’s Nature and Address: Dr. Hilmi S. Salem, Director General, Applied Sci- Parks Authority, Head of the Mitrani Department of ences and Engineering Research Centers (ASERCs), Pales- Desert Ecology at the Blaustein Institutes for Desert Re- tine Technical University, Kadoorie (PTUK), P.O. Box 7, search (at the Sede Boqer Campus of Ben-Gurion Universi- Kadoorie Circle, Yaffa Street, Tulkarm, West Bank, Pales- ty) and as the Director of these Institutes. He headed the tine. Israeli delegations to the United Nations Convention to E-mails: ; ; . raeli Focal Point of this Convention. He carried out re- search and published papers and book chapters on popula- Michael Sanderson (UK) is a Senior Climate Consultant at tion, community and behavioural ecology of birds and the Met Office Hadley Centre. He graduated from the Uni- mollusks of marine intertidal, desert and tundra environ- versity of York in 1994 with a First Class BSc and D. Phil in ments. His current research focuses on the interlinkages be- Atmospheric Chemistry. Next, he worked as a post-doctor- tween desertification, biodiversity and climate change in dr- al assistant at Cambridge University, first researching the ylands. He participated as Lead Author, Coordinating Lead global methane budget and then building and testing a Author and Review Editor in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th IPCC As- lightweight ozone monitor which used a gas sensitive resis- sessment Reports, in the Millennium Ecosystem Assess- tor to measure surface ozone concentrations. He joined the ment Report and Synthesis, and in UNEP’s Global Outlook Met Office in 2000, where he worked on the development of Deserts report. of the STOCHEM chemistry-transport model. He then used it to perform numerous experiments for the UK gov- Address: Prof. Dr. Uriel N. Safriel, Department of Evolu- tion, Ecology and Systematics, Berman Building, Safra ernment’s Department of the Environment, Food and Ru- Campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 ral Affairs (Defra) to aid the development of policies for Israel. the improvement of air quality. He has also used the STO- CHEM model to examine interactions between vegetation Email: . and the atmosphere, focusing on the impact of hydrocar- Hilmi S. Salem (Palestine/Canada), Director General, bons emitted by vegetation and increasing carbon dioxide Applied Sciences and Engineering Research Centers levels on ozone concentrations. He moved to the consul- (ASERCs), Palestine Technical University, Kadoorie (PTUK tancy team in 2007, where he designs and oversees climate is a multidisciplinary scientist; Ph.D. in engineering geo- impacts studies for both government and commercial cus- physics and petrophysics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany. tomers. He has contributed to 39 peer reviewed publica- He has degrees and professional experience in multidisci- tions with a specialization in atmospheric chemistry. plinary areas of the natural sciences and engineering, and Among his major publications are: (with Jones, C. D.; Col- in the humanities (socio-economics and politics), gained lins, W. J.; Johnson, C. E.; Derwent, R. G., 2003): “Effect from institutions in the Middle East, Europe and North of Climate Change on Isoprene Emissions and Surface America. He has participated in inter- and multinational Ozone Levels”, in: Geophysical Research Letters, 30,18, (20 (micro to mega) projects, aiming at sustainable develop- September): 1936, ; (with ment on water resources management and development, Collins, W. J.; Johnson, C. E.; Derwent, R. G., 2006): the environment, climate change, renewable energy, agricul- “Present and future acid deposition to ecosystems: The ef- ture, land reclamation, food security, biodiversity, transpor- fect of climate change”, in: Atmospheric Environment, tation, drilling technology, seismicity, earthquake seismolo- 40,7, (1 March): 1275-1283; (with Collins, W. J.; Hemming, gy, porous-media characterization, onshore and offshore oil D. L.; Betts, R. A., 2007): “Stomatal conductance changes and gas exploration, geographic information systems (GIS) due to increasing carbon dioxide levels: Projected impact and remote sensing, computer modelling and applications, on surface ozone levels”, in: Tellus, 59B, 3, (23 January): gender mainstreaming, poverty, economics, demography, 404-411; (2008): “A multi-model study of the hemispheric human rights, democracy, justice, peace, transparency and transport and deposition of oxidised nitrogen”, in: Geo- governance. He has worked in administration, manage- physical Research Letters, 35,17, (13 September): L17815, ment, consulting, teaching at universities, and research and ; (with Collins, B.; Johnson, development at academic, industrial, governmental and C. E., 2009): “Impact of increasing ship emissions on air non-governmental institutions. He authored and co-au- quality and deposition over Europe by 2030”, in: Meteoro- thored books, chapters in books, atlases, technical reports, logische Zeitschrift, 18,1, (1 February): 25-39,

Email: . Hagen (2006-2008). In 2008, she obtained her PhD with a Website: . thesis on water institutional reform in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Recent publications include: The Politics of Jürgen Scheffran (Germany) is Professor at the Institute for Water Institutional Reform in Neopatrimonial States. A Geography and head of the Research Group Climate Comparative Analysis of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. (Wies- (CLISEC) in the KlimaCampus Excel- Change and Security baden: VS Verlag, 2009); “Path dependencies and institu- lence Initiative of Hamburg University, Germany. Until tional bricolage in post-Soviet water governance”, in: Water summer 2009 he held positions at the University of Illinois Alternatives 2, 1 (2009): 61-81; “Irrigation Reform in Kyr- at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC): in the Program in Arms gyzstan and Tajikistan”, in: Irrigation and Drainage Sys- Control, Disarmament and International Security, the De- tems, 21,3–4 (2007): 277–290; “Die Aralsee-Katastrophe. partments of Political Science and Atmospheric Sciences, Ein Nachruf auf das Krisenmanagement”, in: Osteuropa, and the Center for Advanced BioEnergy Research. After his 57,8-9 (2007): 497–510; (co-authored with E. Giese): “Kon- PhD in physics at Marburg University he worked at Techni- flikte ums Wasser. Nutzungskonkurrenz in Zentralasien”, in: cal University of Darmstadt, the Potsdam Institute for Cli- Osteuropa, 57,8–9 (2007): 483–495; “Gebrochene Verträge. mate Impact Research, and as Visiting Professor at the Uni- Multilaterale Abkommen zu Flüssen in Zentralasien”, in: versity of Paris (Sorbonne). His research and teaching WeltTrends, 15,57 (2007): 66–78. interests include: energy security, climate change and sus- tainable development; complex systems analysis and model- Address: Dr. Jenniver Sehring, University of Würzburg, 1 97070 ling; technology assessment and international security. He Institute of Political Science, Wittelsbacherplatz , served as advisor to the United Nations, the Technology Würzburg, Germany. Assessment Bureau of the German Parliament, the Federal Email: . Environmental Agency, and he took part in the German Website: . flictSpace project, the Renewable Energy Initiative and re- Sybil Seitzinger (USA/Sweden) is the Executive Director of lated projects funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) the Energy Biosciences Institute and the Environmental in Stockholm, Sweden. She moved to IGBP after leaving Council at UIUC. He is co-editor of the INESAP Informa- her position as Director of the Rutgers/NOAA CMER Pro- tion Bulletin, and of the journal Global Responsibility and gram, Rutgers University and has been a visiting Professor Wissenschaft und Frieden. Recent books include: (co-ed. at Rutgers University, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sci- with Khanna, M.; Zilberman, D.): Handbook of Bioenergy ences since 1994. She received her Ph.D. from the Universi- 2010 Economics and Policy (Heidelberg-Berlin: Springer, ); ty of Rhode Island School of Oceanography, and then (co.ed. with Kropp, J.): Advanced Methods for Decision worked as Senior Scientist and Curator at the Academy of Making and Risk Management in Sustainability Science Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. She has been a member 2007 (New York: Nova Science, ); (co-authors Datan, M., of the IGBP Scientific Committee since 2003, and her areas Hill, F., Ware, A.) Securing Our Survival (Cambridge: IPP- of expertise include biogeochemistry, nutrient dynamics, 2007 NW, ): (co-ed. with Billari, F., Fent, T., Prskawetz, A.); and land/atmosphere/ocean interactions. Agent-Based Computational Modelling in Demography, Address: Prof. Dr. Sybil Seitzinger, IGBP Secretariat, Royal Economic and Environmental Sciences” (Heidelber-Berlin: 4 Springer/Physica, 2006). Swedish Academy of Sciences, Lilla Frescativägen A, SE- 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden. Address: Prof. Dr. Jürgen Scheffran, Research Group Cli- Email: . mate Change and Security (CLISEC), Institut für Geogra- Website: . phie, KlimaCampus, Universität Hamburg, Zentrum für Marine und Atmosphärenwissenschaften, Bundesstrasse 53, Gamal M. Selim (Canada/Egypt), PhD Candidate and Ses- D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. sional Instructor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Calgary (Canada); Lecturer in the Depart- E-Mail: . ment of Political Science at Canal University (Egypt). Web: . He obtained his B.A. and M.A. in Political Science from the American University in Cairo in 2000 and 2005 respec- Hans Joachim Schellnhuber (Germany) has been Director tively. His research interests include theories of internation- of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) al relations, democratization, arms control and non-prolifer- since its foundation in 1992. See biographies of authors of ation, and Middle East politics. He received a ‘Doctoral forewords and preface essays. Research Award for Disarmament, Arms Control and Non- 2009 Jenniver Sehring (Germany), Dr., is Assistant Professor at Proliferation’ ( ); a joint initiative from The Simons the Institute of Political Science at the University of Würz- Foundation and the International Security Research and burg. She studied Political Science and Social Anthropology Outreach Programme (ISROP) of Foreign Affairs and Inter- at the University of Mainz. She was research assistant at the national Trade Canada. He has published: “The Arabs and Center for International Development and Environmental Central Asian Republics”, in: The State of the Arab World: 11th Research (ZEU) at the University of Giessen (2002-2006) the Arab National Conference (Beirut: Center for Arab 2002 and at the Institute of Political Science of the University of Unity Studies, ). He also participated in a number of 1758 Authors

scholarly conferences in Canada. His conference papers in- Address: Prof. Dr. Mohammad El-Sayed Selim, Dept of clude “Continuity and Change in the U.S. Arms Control Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, Kuwait Univer- Policy in the Middle East in the Post-Cold War Order” sity, P.O. Box 68168, Kefan, Kuwait. (2009), presented at a special consultation held by Foreign Email: . Affairs and International Trade Canada; “Western Reform Initiatives in the Arab World in the Post-September 2001 Anja D. Senz is holding an M.A. for Political Science, Soci- Era” (2008), presented at the conference on The Muslim ology and Anthropology at the University of Trier, Ger- World and the West, co-sponsored by the Universities of many. She studied Chinese at Zhongshan University in Victoria and Calgary, and “Arms Control in the Middle Guangzhou (P.R.China). Currently she is lecturer at the In- East: Motivations and Constraints” (2007), presented at the stitute of Political Science and the Institute of East Asian conference on Middle Eastern and African Studies, spon- Studies at University of Duisburg-Essen and executive direc- sored by the University of Alberta. tor of the Confucius Institute Metropolis Ruhr. As a re- search fellow she contributed to two research projects at Address: Mr. Gamal M. Selim, Department of Political Sci- the University of Duisburg-Essen one on participation and 2500 ence, University of Calgary, University Drive NW, Cal- village elections in China (funded by the DFG) and the 2 1 4 gary, Alberta, Canada, T N N . other one on an international comparison on village gov- Email: . ernance (funded by the EU). Her research focus is institu- Mohammad El-Sayed Selim (Egypt/Kuwait), Professor of tional change and stability in China and in her PhD thesis Political Science at Kuwait University. He obtained a Ph.D. she analysed decision-making processes in Chinese villages. in Political Science from Carleton University, Canada in She has field research and working experience in PR China, 1979. He majored in foreign policy analysis, theories of in- Hong Kong, Korea, India and Nepal. She is Co-editor of ternational relations and Euro-Mediterranean relations. He the China Companion, a comprehensive source for re- taught at Cairo University, the American University in search on the Politics, International Relations and Political Cairo, King Saud University, the United Arab Emirates Uni- Economy of contemporary China, (www.thechinacompan- versity, and Kuwait University. He established the Centre ion.eu). Among her recent publications are: (co-author with for Asian Studies in Cairo University and served as its first Heberer, Thomas): “Reform, Demokratisierung, Stabilität director (1995-2003). He published books and articles in Ar- oder Kollaps? Literaturbericht zur Entwicklung des chine- abic and English in scholarly journals on issues related to sischen Herrschaftssystems”, in: Politische Vierteljahres- 50 2 2009 306 326 foreign policy analysis, Arab-Asian and Euro-Mediterranean schrift, , ( ): - ; “Vier Demokratien für China's 2 2008 19 22 relations. He also represented the Government of Egypt in Dörfer?”, in: Das neue China, ( ): - ; (co-author world and Asian forums. Among his major books are: Non- with Heberer, Thomas): China’s Significance in Interna- Alignment in a Changing World (1983); Relations Among tional Politics. Domestic and External Developments and Muslim States (1991); Mediterraneanism: a New Dimen- Action Potentials (Bonn: German Development Institute, 2007 sion in Egypt’s Foreign Policy (1995); Foreign Policy Analy- ). sis (1998); The Nationalization of the Com- Address: Ms. Anja D. Senz, University of Duisburg-Essen, pany: A Study in Decision Making (2002); (Co-ed.): Confucius Institute Metropolis Ruhr, Bismarckstr. 120, Security and Environment in the Mediterranean, and au- 47057 Duisburg. thor of “Conceptualizing Security by Arab Mashreq Coun- Email: . tries”, (2003); The Development of International Politics in Website: . the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (2008), He has published a number of academic papers on Euro-Mediterra- Alexander Sergunin (Russia) is Professor of the Depart- nean relations such as, “Egypt and the Euro-Mediterranean ment of International Relations Theory and History, Partnership: Strategic Choice or Adaptive mechanism,” in: School of International Relations, St. Petersburg State Uni- versity. Until 2008 he was a chair of the Department of In- Mediterranean Politics (1997); “Weapons of Mass Destruc- tion in the Euro-Mediterranean World: An Arab Perspec- ternational Relations and Political Science, Nizhny 2000 Novgorod Linguistic University. He holds Ph. D. in general tive”, in: Mediterranean Politics ( ); “The environment 1985 in the 2002 Arab Human Development Report: A cri- history from Moscow State University ( ) and a habilita- tion in political science from St. Petersburg State University tique”, in Arab Studies Quarterly (Spring 2004); “Globali- (1994). The fields of his research are: IR theory, security zation and the Social Sciences”, in: Journal of Social Sci- studies, Russian foreign policy-making, Russia’s security pol- ences, Kuwait University (2006); “The Environmental Risks and strategies in the GCC States” (2007), Tohuko Univer- icies in the CIS space and Europe, federalism and regional- sity, Japan. He has recently translated Daisaki Ikeda and ism in post-Soviet Russia. His most recent book-length pub- lications include: Majid Tehranian: Global Civilization, A Buddhist-Islamic Russia's Policy on Europe: Decision- Making Mechanism (Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod Dialogue, into Arabic .The translation was published by the 2007 National Center for Translation, Higher Council for Cul- Linguistic University Press, ); International Relations ture, Cairo, 2010. He has also delivered the Keynote ad- in Post-Soviet Russia: Trends and Problems (Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod Linguistic University Press, dress entitled, “The Interchange of Civilizations in the 2007 Mediterranean area,” at the conference of the Institute for ); (co-authored with Pertti Joenniemi): Russia and Eu- Mediterranean Studies of Pusan University of Foreign Stud- ropean Union’s Northern Dimension: Clash or Encounter ies, April 2010. Biographies of Contributors 1759 of Civilizations? (Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod Lin- the University of Cologne. Her research interests are urban guistic University Press, 2003). and social problem, urban vulnerability studies, water sys- Address: Prof. Dr. Alexander Sergunin, Department of tem and health related issues. She has worked as research International Relations Theory and History, School of associate for a project about “Enhancing the flow of water International Relations, St. Petersburg State University, 1/3, in river Yamuna upstream Delhi”, funded by the Ministry entrance 8, Smolny St., St. Petersburg 191060, Russia. of Environment and Forestry and on another project enti- E-mail: . tled ‘Poverty eradication and role of local institutions in Website: . comparative perspective: with focus on Kalahandi, Bhojpur and Chittoor’, funded by the Planning Commission, India. Omar Serrano (Switzerland/Mexico) is a PhD Candidate at She has published a short paper entitled ‘A new approach the Graduate Institute of International and Development to analyse water related vulnerability in megacities: case Studies, Geneva (HEID) on domestic influences in Europe- study of Delhi’, (2006), in: WHOCC Newsletter No. 10, an- an enlargement and defence policies. He obtained a Master other full length paper entitled ‘Wastewater related risk and of Science degree (MSc.) with a thesis on: “Two-Level social vulnerability’, (2008), in: SOURCE 10 – a publication Games, Regional Integration and Referenda Strategy. Aus- series of UNU-EHS. She has also made contribution to a tria, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland: a Case Study” joint publication entitled ‘Vulnerability in megacities: an in- (2005) from the Government Department of the London tegrated approach using high resolution satellite data and School of Economics and Political Science (LSE); and a social analysis, in: Wuyi, W., Krafft, T., and Kraas, F., (Eds.) bachelor degree with a thesis on: “The internal effects of (2006): Global change, urbanisation and health. She has EU conditionality on Turkey” (2004) from the Internation- participated in numerous national and international semi- al Relations Department at ITAM University, Mexico City. nars and given oral and poster presentations about her on- Among his publications are: “The political economy of going research works. right-wing populism and Euroscepticism in Switzerland” Address: Dr. Reena Singh, 1/H/6 Saha Rajab Road, Hast- (Co-written with Stefan Collignon). ings, Kolkata, 700022 West Bengal, India. Address: Mr. Omar Serrano, Institut de Hautes Études Email: . Internationales et du Développement, Genève (The Gradu- ate Institute/HEID), PO Box 136, CH-1211 Geneva 21, Swit- Paul J. Smith (USA) is an Associate Professor with the US zerland. Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island, where he Email: . specializes in transnational and nontraditional security is- sues. He has recently examined the security implications of Xiaomeng Shen (China) is an Associate Academic Officer climate change and has published articles on that subject at the United Nations University Institute for Environment for Contemporary Southeast Asia (Singapore) and Orbis and Human Security (UNU-EHS) Bonn. She holds a PhD (United States). He is author of: The Terrorism Ahead: in geography from the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Uni- Confronting Transnational Violence in the 21st Century versity of Bonn, Germany. Her thesis research on: Risk Per- (M.E. Sharpe, 2007). His edited books include Terrorism ception and Communication within risk management and Violence in Southeast Asia: Transnational Challenges units in Different Cultural Settings of China and Germany to States and Regional Stability (M.E. Sharpe, 2004) and identifies the commonalities and differences in flood risk Human Smuggling: Chinese Migrant Trafficking and the perception and communication and analyzes how these dif- Challenge to America’s Immigration Tradition (Center for ferences are embedded in culture. She also holds a Bach- Strategic and International Studies, 1997). He holds a B.A. elor of Arts (English literature and international relations) from Washington and Lee University (Virginia), an M.A. from the Beijing Foreign Studies University in China and a from the University of London, School of Oriental and Af- Master of Arts (German Diplom) Translation, Linguistics rican Studies (SOAS) and his PhD degree from the Univer- and Economics) from the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms- sity of Hawaii. University of Bonn in Germany. She has successfully com- Address: Prof. Dr. Paul J. Smith, Naval War College, pleted a doctoral course on Development Studies at the NSDM, Code 1B, 686 Cushing Road, Newport, RI 02841- Centre for Development Studies (ZEF) and a series of 1207, USA. courses in Human Geography at the Geography Depart- Email: . ment of the University of Bonn. Address: Dr. Xiaomeng Shen, United Nations University, Eduard Soler i Lecha (Spain) is a Research Fellow leading Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU- the Mediterranean and Middle East lines of study at the EHS), UN-Campus, Hermann-Ehlers-Str.10, 53113 Bonn, Barcelona Centre for International Affairs (CIDOB) and Germany. lecturer at IBEI, Institut Barcelona d’Estudis Internacio- Email: . nals. He holds a PhD in International Relations and is a Website: . graduate in Political Science, both at the Autonomous Uni- versity of Barcelona. He is a member of the Observatory of Reena Singh (Germany/India) is a Research Associate at European Foreign Policy and participates in different trans- the Department of Geography, University of Cologne. She national research projects and networks such as Euro- holds a M.A and M.Phil in Geography from Delhi School MeSCo, INEX or EU4SEAS. He has published in books of Economics, Delhi. She has completed her doctorate at and in journals: Mediterranean Politics, Insight Turkey and 1760 Authors

Europe’s World. Among his most recent publications are: cal Science, expecting a degree in 2009. She works primari- EuroMeSCo paper n. 80 Flexible Multilateralism: Unlim- ly on Turkey’s integration to the European Union, Turkish ited Opportunities? The Case of Civil Protection in the politics as well as on gender issues. Among her publications Mediterranean (with Niklas Bremberg, Ahmed Driss, Jacob are: (coauthor with M. Aydin, 2007): “Conditionality, Horst and Isabelle Werenfels) and he coordinated the spe- Impact and Prejudice: A Concluding View from Turkey”, cial issue of Revista CIDOB d’Afers Internacionals on in: Tocci, N. (Ed.): Talking Turkey: Conditionality, Impact Spanish Arab and Mediterranean Policy. His main areas of and Prejudice in Turkey-EU Relations; (coauthor with T. work are: Euro-Mediterranean relations, the process of Tur- Bölükbaþý, 2008): “Attitudes of Key Stakeholders in Turkey key’s entry into the EU, Spain’s Mediterranean policy and Towards EU-Turkey Relations: Consensual Discord Or security in the Mediterranean. He has also collaborated Contentious Accord?”; in: Tocci, N. (Ed). Talking Turkey: with different areas of the printed and audiovisual media. Views from Stakeholders for a Tailored Communication Address: Dr. Eduard Soler i Lecha, CIDOB, c/Elisabets 12, Strategy. 08001 Barcelona, Spain. Address: Asli Toksabay Esen, TEPAV, Sogutozu Caddesi, Email: . No 43, Sogutozu, 06560, Ankara, Turkey. Website: . E-Mail: . Achim Steiner (Germany) is Executive Director of the Veerle Vandeweerd (Belgium), Director of the Environment United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Un- and Energy Group at UNDP. As part of her career with der-Secretary General of the United Nations. See biogra- the UN system, she has held the positions of Acting Direc- phies of authors of forewords and preface essays. tor of UNEP´s Division of Environmental Policy Imple- mentation, Coordinator of the Global Programme of Ac- (Russia/Canada/Germany) Anastasia Svirejeva-Hopkins tion for the Protection of the Marine Environment from has worked at PIK since 1999 See . biographies of authors Land-based Activities, Head of the UNEP’s Regional Seas,

of forewords and preface essays. Coral Reefs & Small Island Developing States Programmes, Sýdýka Tekeli Yeþil (Turkey/Switzerland): Ph.D. (Epidemi- and Deputy Director of UNEP´s Division of Environmental ology), Researcher at the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Policy Implementation. From 1989 to 1999 she oversaw sev- Institute. She holds master degrees in public health and in eral global environmental monitoring systems, such as the European public health both from the University of Global Environmental Monitoring System Pollution Pro- Bielefeld, Germany. She gained her Ph.D. at University of grammes on Water, Air and Food, and assessment. She was Basel, Switzerland. When she prepared her Ph.D. she also Director of Environmental Assessment and Reporting worked on a project about factors affecting individual pre- for the Flemish Region, Belgium. She has authored and co- paredness for an earthquake in Istanbul. Her research areas authored over 100 publications on environmental monitor- are disaster management in health systems, disaster epide- ing and assessment. She also initiated and directed the Glo- miology and public education programmes for disasters. bal Environmental Outlook (GEO) Report Series of UNEP, She created some specific tools for the “Workshop a major reference work for academics and policy makers. Strengthening Health Systems’ Response to Crises” con- She was a Lecturer in Biochemistry at the University of Lu- ducted by the Disaster Preparedness and Response Unit of saka, Zambia and spent many years in Africa working in hu- the WHO Europe during her internship in 2004. Her publi- manitarian assistance. She holds a PhD in Biochemistry cations include: “Public health and natural disasters: disas- from the University of Antwerp, Belgium. She has overseen ter preparedness and response in health systems”, in: Jour- the preparation of over 100 publications dealing primarily nal of Public Health 14,5 (October 2006): 317–324; with environmental monitoring and assessment. She holds “Individual preparedness and mitigation actions for a pre- a Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the University of Antwerp, dicted earthquake in Istanbul”, in: Disasters, i.p.; “Factors Belgium and was a Lecturer in Biochemistry at the Universi- motivating individuals to take precautionary action for an ty of Lusaka, Zambia. Among her major publications: “Glo- expected earthquake in Istanbul”, in: Risk Analysis, August bal Monitoring and Reporting: A New Paradigm?”, in: 2010; “Home preparedness” in: Bradley Penuel, K.; Statler, Brune, D. et al (Eds.): The Global Environment: Science, M. (Eds): Encyclopedia of Disaster Relief (Thousand Oaks Technology and Management (Berlin: Wiley-VCH, 1997): CA: Sage Publications), i.p. 973–986. Address: Dr. Sidika Tekeli Yeºil, Swiss Tropical and Public Address: Dr. Veerle Vandeweerd, Director of the Environ- Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Public ment and Energy Group, Bureau for Development Policy, Health, Socin Str. 57 P.O Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland. UNDP, 304 East 45th Street, New York, NY 10017, U.S.A. Email: and . hotmail.com>. Website: . Asli Toksabay Esen (Turkey) is a Policy Analyst at the Eco- Juan Carlos Villagrán de León (Guatemala) is Programme nomic Policy Research Institute of Turkey (TEPAV). She Officer, UN-SPIDER Programme, UNOOSA, United Na- has received a M.Sc. degree in Economics from Middle tions Office in Vienna; former academic officer, Head, East Technical University and an M.A. in International Po- Risk Management Section, UNU-EHS. He completed his litical Economy from the University of Warwick. She has undergraduate education in physics at the Worcester Poly- been a doctoral candidate at McMaster University in Politi- technic Institute, in Worcester, Massachusetts in 1981. He Biographies of Contributors 1761 then continued his graduate education at the University of bility. Among her major publications are: Annual Disaster Texas in Austin, Texas, where he was awarded his PhD de- Statistical Review: The numbers and trends 2009 (CRED: gree in experimental condensed matter physics in 1987. Af- Brussels, 2010). ter completing a post-doctoral programme at this Universi- Address: Ms. Femke Vos, Centre for Research on the Epi- ty, he returned to Guatemala, where he established the demiology of Disasters (CRED), Department of Public Applied Physics Laboratory within the Faculty of Systems Health, University of Louvain, 30.94 Clos Chapelle-aux- Engineering and Computer Sciences at Francisco Marro- Champs, 1200 Brussels, Belgium. quin University. At the request of National Coordinating Email: . Agency for Disaster Reduction of Guatemala, he provided Website: . technical assistance on disaster preparedness, focusing on early warning systems. By 2001, he was a regional consult- Wolfgang Wagner (Austria) is Professor of Social and Eco- ant on risk management and early warning, and was con- nomic Psychology at Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Aus- ducting research in geophysics, as well as on vulnerability tria, and affiliated with the University of the Basque Coun- and risk assessment. In 2004 he became an Academic Of- try, San Sebastián, Spain. His research work is on societal ficer in the United Nations University Institute for Envi- psychology, social and cultural knowledge, popularization ronment and Human Security (UNU-EHS) in Bonn where of science, racism and fundamentalism, and social represen- conducted research, provided technical and scientific advise tation theory. In these fields he has authored and co-au- to various national and international agencies, and au- thored more than 120 journal papers and book chapters, thored, co-authored, and edited more than 70 publications authored and co-edited several books, including (with N. including books, journal papers, research reports, lecture Hayes): Everyday Discourse and Common-Sense – The notes, as well as many articles for the media in several lan- Theory of Social Representation (New York: Palgrave Mac- guages. Among his major publications are: (2008): Riesgo millan, 2005) and (with T. Sugiman; K. Gergen; Y. Yama- Sísmico en el Sector Vivienda en Guatemala [A document da): Meaning in Action – Construction, Narratives and which presents the results of a risk assessment of the hous- Representations (Tokyo: Springer, 2008). He is associate ing sector in Guatemala and its evolution in the last four editor of Culture and Psychology (Sage), Public Under- decades.] (Guatemala City: CIMDEN-VILLATEK); (2008): standing of Science (Sage) and of Papers on Social Repre- Rapid Assessment of Potential Impacts of a Tsunami. Les- sentations; at: . sons from the Port of Galle in Sri Lanka, Source, No. 9/ Address: a. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Wagner, Inst. of Edu- 2008 (Bonn: UNU-EHS); (2006): Vulnerability a Conceptu- cation and Psychology, Johannes Kepler Universität, 4040 al and Methodological Review, Source, No. 4/2006 (Bonn: Linz, Austria. UNU-EHS); (2005): “Quantitative Vulnerability and Risk Website: . Assessment in Communities in the Foothills of Pacaya Vol- cano in Guatemala”, in: Journal of Human Security and Bruno Andreas Walther (Germany) was Science Officer for Development, 1,1; (2001): La Naturaleza de los Riesgos, un the bioGENESIS and bioDISCOVERY Core Projects at the 2007 2009 Enfoque Conceptual [Introduction to the theory of risks DIVERSITAS secretariat in Paris from - during and risk management] (Guatemala City: CIMDEN-VIL- which time this chapter was written. He obtained a bach- LATEK). elor degree from Amherst College, Massachusetts, USA (1993), and a D Phil from Oxford University, United King- Dr. Juan Carlos Villagrán de León, UN- Personal Address: dom (1998). He held postdoctoral positions at the Konrad SPIDER Programme, UNOOSA. Wagrammer Strasse 5, A- Lorenz-Institute for Comparative Ethology, Vienna, Austria 1400 Vienna, Austria. (1998-2000), the Zoological Museum, University of Copen- and . University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (2004) and the : . Website Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, University of Femke Vos (The Netherlands/Belgium) is a Researcher at Stellenbosch, South Africa (2005-2006) where his research the WHO collaborating Centre for Research on the Epide- concentrated on the behaviour, ecology and conservation miology of Disasters (CRED) located within Research Insti- of Afrotropical, Neotropical and Palearctic migrant birds tute Health and Society of the University of Louvain, Brus- and the modelling of their distributions using GIS tech- sels. She graduated as an Engineer in Human Nutrition and niques, as well as statistical methods for species richness es- Health, specializing in Public Health. Since 2006, she has timation, host-parasite and predator-prey interactions, and worked in Nutritional Sciences developing a database on global biodiversity monitoring and indicators. He is now as- micronutrients (INRA, France). In her current role, she sistant professor for environmental science at Taipei Medi- analyses global data on natural disaster impacts on human cal University, Taiwan. society within the CRED international disaster database Address: Dr. Bruno Andreas Walther, DIVERSITAS, (EM-DAT). She contributes to providing data to govern- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Maison mental and non-governmental organizations, universities Buffon, 57 rue Cuvier – CP 41, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France. and research organizations worldwide. Next to training and Email: . information provision, she focuses on strengthening the Website: . quality of national and regional disaster databases in Asia by studying disaster database methodology and interopera- 1762 Authors

Koko Warner (United States) is the Head of the Environ- (since 2004). Recent publications include: (2004): “Gli ef- mental Migration, Social Vulnerability, and Adaptation Sec- fetti dei cambiamenti climatici sull’ecosistema”, in: Micron, tion at UNU-EHS. She researches risk management strate- 1,2: 28–30; (co-author with Glenn McGregor, Mark Pelling gies of the poor in adapting to changing environmental and and Simon Gosling, 2007): Social impacts of heatwaves. climatic conditions, particularly environmentally induced EEA report series “Using science to create a better place”; migration and social vulnerability. She served on the man- (Co-ed. with Bettina Menne, 2007): Environment and health agement board of the EACH-FOR project, a first-time glo- risks from climate change and variability in Italy bal survey of environmentally induced migration in 23 (Copenhagen – Rome: WHO Regional Office for Europe, countries. She was Co-Chair of the German Marshall Fund APAT); (co-author with Glenn McGregor, Antonis Analitis, project on Climate Change and Migration. She helped 2009): “Assessing Vulnerability to Heat Stress in Urban Ar- found and is on the Steering Committee of the Climate eas. The Example of Greater London”, in: Epidemiology, Change, Environment, and Migration Alliance (CCEMA) 20,6: S24. and works extensively in the context of the UNFCCC cli- Address: Dr. Tanja Wolf, WHO, Via F. Crispi, 10; 00187 mate negotiations on adaptation (particularly in risk man- Rome, Italy. agement and migration). She is co-chair of the German Email: ; . Marshall Fund Study Team on Climate Change and Migra- Website: and . of the Munich Re Foundation Chair on Social Vulnerability project at UNU-EHS, a network of 7 endowed professors Oran Young (USA) is a Professor of Environmental Policy and a network of experts working on related topics. She is at the Bren School of Environmental Science and Manage- the UNU focal point to the UNFCCC for climate adapta- ment, University of California, Santa Barbara. Specializing tion and the Nairobi Work Programme and for the UN in the analysis of environmental institutions with particular Secretary General’s High Level Committee on Program- reference to international regimes, he also serves as co-di- ming (a UN-wide coordinating body for “the UN delivering rector of the Program on Governance for Sustainable De- as one” in areas such as climate change). She is a member velopment at the Bren School. He served for six years as of the UN’s Interagency Standing Committee, Task force founding chair of the Committee on the Human Dimen- on Climate Change, Migration and Displacement. She stud- sions of Global Change of the National Academy of Scienc- ied development and environmental economics at George es in the United States and chaired the Scientific Steering Washington University, and the University of Vienna where Committee of the international project on the Institutional she received her PhD in economics as Fulbright Scholar. Dimensions of Global Environmental Change (IDGEC) un- Previously she worked at IIASA, and the Swiss Federal Insti- der the auspices of the International Human Dimensions tute for Snow and Research (SLF) at the Swiss Programme on Global Environmental Change (IHDP). He Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich). She has pub- currently chairs the Scientific Committee of the IHDP. An lished in Nature, Climate Policy, Global Environmental expert on Arctic issues, he served as vice-president of the Change, Disasters, Environmental Hazards, Natural Haz- International Arctic Science Committee, chair of the Board ards, The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues of Governors of the University of the Arctic, and co-chair and Practice, and other journals. She serves on the editorial of the Arctic Human Development Report. His work as au- board of the International Journal of Global Warming. thor or co-author of over twenty books and numerous scholarly articles includes: Address: Dr. Koko Warner, UNU-EHS, UN Campus, Her- Institutions and Environmental man-Ehlersstr. 10, 53175 Bonn, Germany. Change: Principal Findings, Applications, and Future Di- Email: . rections; The Institutional Dimensions of Environmental

Website: ; Change: Fit, Interplay, and Scale; Governance in World Af- and . fairs; International Governance: Protecting the Environ- ment in a Stateless Society; and International Cooperation: Tanja Wolf (Germany), Dr., is a Medical Geographer. Her Building Regimes for Natural Resources and the Environ- scientific research focuses on health effects of climate ment. change. She obtained her masters in geography in Bonn, Address: Prof. Dr. Oran Young, Bren School of Environ- 2002 Germany ( ) with a thesis on “Sustainable water man- mental Science and Management, University of California 2009 agement in Delhi, India”. In she was awarded a PhD at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, USA. from King’s College, London, UK with a thesis on “assess- Email: . ing vulnerability to heat stress in urban areas”, using the ex- Website: and . gap between science and policy in the area of global envi- ronmental change and human health. In 2007 she was a Hongyuan Yu (People’s Republic of China) is an Associate contributing author to the IPCC chapter on human health. Professor and Deputy Director of the Center of Interna- She gained experience in academia and policy, working at tional Organizations and Laws at the Shanghai Institutes the scientific secretariat of the German National Commit- for International Studies. He got his Ph.D degree from the tee on Global Change Research (2000-2003) and at the Re- Chinese University of Hong Kong, and M.Phil degree from gional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization Renmin University of China. From 1998 to 2000 he worked Biographies of Contributors 1763 with the administrative centre for China’s Agenda 21 at the thor in Working Group 2, given his experience in assessing Ministry of Science and Technology. He is the author of the socioeconomic and environmental impact of disasters. numerous publications, including: Global Warming and He conducted various interdisciplinary research projects China's Environmental Diplomacy (New York: Nova Sci- and programmes on trade, integration, tourism, and small ence Publishers, 2008); “Environmental Change and the and medium size enterprises. He participated in many con- Asia Pacific”, in: Global Change, Peace, and Security, 17,1; ferences, symposia, seminars on trade issues and on the so- “Knowledge and Climate Change Policy Coordination in cio-economic impact of natural disasters, including the China”, in: East Asia: An International Quarterly, 21,3; United Nations’ World Conferences on Natural Disaster “The Logic of Collective Action in International Environ- Reduction and the Davos Global Forum on Disasters and mental Cooperation”, in: World Economics and Politics Climate Change. Prior to joining ECLAC, he was a profes- [Shi Jie Jing Ji Yu Zheng Zhi], No. 5, 2007 (in Chinese); “In- sor and researcher at the Universidad Católica in Peru and terest-based Explanation for Environmental Policy Coordi- Universidad Católica de Guayaquil in Ecuador, and a col- nation in China”, in: The Academic Journal of Fudan Uni- umnist and editor in Ecuador (1972–1975). He studied in- versity [Fu Dan Xue Bao], No. 1, 2006 (in Chinese); ternational relations at the El Colegio de México (1967-68), “Global Environment Facility (GEF) and China’s Environ- and economics at the Universidad Católica del Perú (1970- mental Diplomacy”, in: Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies 72). 2 2006 [Dang Dai Ya Tai], No. , (in Chinese). Address: Mr. Ricardo Zapata-Marti, Av. Dag Hammarsjkjold Address: Prof. Dr. Hongyuan Yu, No. 19-2304Lane 151, 3477, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile, Casilla Postal 179 – D, Donglan Road, Shanghai 201102, China. Santiago, Chile (official), Av. Polanco 32-3, Col. Polanco, Email: . C.P. 11570, México D.F., México (residence). Email: and . Coordinator at the United Nations Environment Pro- gramme (UNEP). He is responsible for managing UNEP’s Zhongqin Zhao (People’s Republic of China) is a Brigadier climate change work programme and major partnerships General of the Chinese Army. He was educated at the Mili- with the United Nations and the World Bank. He has tary University Xian and worked as troop commander, worked at UNEP headquarters in Kenya (1995–1999), the trainer and chief of company in the 127th Division of the Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean in Chinese Army. After his studies at the Military Academy Sh- Mexico (1999–2004), the UNEP World Conservation Mon- ijiazhuang, he received a diploma in military affairs in 1992 itoring Centre in the UK (2004–2007) and is now based at and worked at the academy as a lecturer until 2001. In the Division of Technology, Industry and Economics in 2002 he took part in a course at the Military Academy in Paris. Before joining UNEP, he worked with a non govern- Hamburg and, in 2003, became assistant professor at the mental organization in the UK as project manager for de- Military Academy Shijiazhuang. During his stay as a fellow velopment aid projects in Latin America and the Middle at IFSH he was working on the influence of globalisation East. He holds a Masters degree from the Fletcher School on Chinese security. He has published books on Informa- of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, USA, and a BSc tion Warfare and on Military Philosophy and the Highly (Econ.) degree in Economics & Geography from the Uni- Engineered War as well as over 40 articles in journals and versity College London. newspapers, among them, articles on military leadership Address: Mr. Kaveh Zahedi, 15 Rue de Milan, Paris 75009, theory and the work of the high command. France. Email: . Email: . Md Zillur Rahman (Bangladesh) is currently a PhD Scholar Website: . at the Fenner School of Environment and Society, College Ricardo Zapata-Marti (Mexico/Chile) is an economist of Medicine, Biology and Environment, in The Australian who joined the United Nations Economic Commission for National University (ANU), Canberra, Australia. He holds Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, CEPAL) in a research-based MSc. in technological and socio-economic 1975. Previously he was chief of the International Trade planning from Roskilde University, Denmark, and as part Unit at the subregional headquarters of the ECLAC at the of his MSc thesis he undertook advanced courses in Inter- United Nations in Mexico, since 1989 he has been national Development at NORAGRIC, Universitetet for ECLAC’s Focal Point for Disaster Evaluation, where he co- Milj- og Biovitenskap (UMB) in ÅS, Norway. In 2007, he ordinated the updating of the ECLAC Handbook for the had conducted a participatory action research based field- Evaluation of the Socioeconomic and Environmental Im- work on ‘rural water resources management and local liveli- pact of Disasters (2003), the current international standard hood development’ in Bangladesh. In addition, he was a tool for assessing natural disasters, including five hurricanes chairman of board of Stichting HESDOB; a development in the Caribbean (2004). He cooperated with the World organization and he was also an executive in the board of Bank’s assessments of the Indian Ocean Tsunami in De- CareGambia in Netherlands. His PhD research addresses cember 2004 and has led more than 20 disaster assessment the key question: What are the determinant factors of so- missions in Latin American and Caribbean. A member of cial networks for the sustainability of water resource man- the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) agement in rural areas in Bangladesh under Climate that shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Price and was a lead au- Change conditions? 1764 Authors

Address: Mr. Md Zillur Rahman, Fenner School of Environ- ment and Society, Building 48, The Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. E mail: . Website: . Hania Zlotnik (Mexico): is Director of the Population Divi- sion, United Nations. See Biographies of authors of fore- words and preface essays. Index

A African Network for Earth System Sci- Albright, Madeleine 196 1211 500 Abacha, Sani 367 ence (AfricanNESS) Aleppo 339, 358, 368 500, 774, 777, 778, 781–784 Abdullah II, King of Jordan 318, 334, African Union (AU) Alexandria 395 AG Kriegsursachenforschung (AKUF) Algeria 201, 204, 315, 377 821 497, 502 Abdus Salam International Centre for at Hamburg University agricultural production 989, 990 Theoretical Physics (ICTP) 1295, Agor (catchment area) bloody undeclared civil war in the 1297 Agor Gauchar Oran (AGO) 989, 990, 1990’s 201 996 Abe, Shintaro 1387 climate change impacts and 1049, 379 Abid al-Jabiri, Muhammad 313 AGRHYMET Regional Centre vulnerability 1051 865 Abkhazia 304 drylands ABM Treaty 254, 301 agricultural production/policy emigration to South European EU 497, 502 507 Academy of Higher Studies in Algeria states Libya 328 Almeria agricultural model of pro- extreme weather events/natural 921–934 387, 389 acceptable risk 95 ductive development hazards 972 388 Action Against Hunger 1154 Bangladesh floods and droughts 958–960, 967 Adana 500 China Human Development Index 722, 723 378 adaptation climate change impact (HDI) 331 definition 41, 556, 1116, 1117 development of first revolution Islamic Salvation Front 1019, 1021 impact and change 1117, 1118 land degradation/ 497, 502 382 adaptive capacity 143 Egypt desertification 961 adaptive governance 755 grain worldwide physical, social, economic profile 25 377, 378 Adarsh Gaon Yojana (AGY) 1062 historic development of 1063–1065 498 Adelphi 749 India population growth 381, 382 aeolian erosion 919 Maghreb UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol 875– 492 afforestation Mexico (Northern region of) ratification 891 499, 675 China 539 urbanization 382, 383, 497, 502 384–387, 495 dryland 844–846 Morocco water resources 1019 500 measures in Spain 945 neoliberal Algiers 334 Afghanistan 509, 1182, 1430, 1431 over-exploitation and non- Ali Ibn Abi-Talib 12, 424, 426, 427 334 International Security Assistance Palestine Ali Selman (Sheikh) 815 Force (ISAF) 183, 194 slash-and-burn Alliance of Small Island States 1139–1145 1363 invasion of 5 Sri Lanka (AOSIS) 23 461 NATO 194, 197 sustainable Al-Madinah 855 313 population growth 815 subsidies Al-Mawdoody 381–383, 497, 502 Taliban 6, 194 Tunisia Almeria, agricultural model 217 tensions with violent incidents be- Turkey agricultural production/ 1246 926 tween ethnic and political agroBIODIVERSITY exports 888 933 groups 526 agroforestry cluster 334 929–933 water resources 527, 528, 530 Ahmadinejad, Mahmud demographic impact 247 927 Africa Ahtisaari, Martti efficient water management 928, 929 climate change 1284 AIDS, see HIV/AIDS environmental problems 364 934 debt crisis 166 AK-47 evaluation 871 HIV/AIDS 1183 Al evolution of greenhouse 925, 926 natural disasters 711, 1043–1046 Al-Ahram Center for Political and Stra- surface 316, 331 925–928 African and Asian Monsoon tegic Studies in Cairo evolution process 335 924 Systems 1295 Al-Alawi, Majid features 329 African Development Bank (AfD) 165, Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades improvement of vegetable genetics/ 520, 1307 Al-Aqsa Mosque 462 crop practices 927 490, 491 927 African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Albania intensification of production 498 Analysis Project (AMMA) 1051 population growth 1766 Index

Almeria, agricultural model sustainable development, security, civil society 315, 316, 319, 321, 324, agricultural production/introduc- and peace 1503 325, 329, 332–334 tion of pest control systems 927 anti personnel terrorism 104 drylands 865 origin and development 921–923 anti-ballistic missile (ABM) system 288 environmental security 335 population growth and immigration anticipatory adaptation 41 perceptions of the environment 335 impact 929–933 anticipatory learning 1479, 1480 Sub-Regional Action Programme socio-economic development 933, Antigua 705 (SRAP) 336 934 anti-Semitism 1171 Arab world, hard security issues structural transformations 925–927 Anwar Sadat Chair for Peace and De- Arabian Gulf region 321–323, 325 technological transformations 927, velopment at the University of Arab-Israeli conflict 315–319, 325, 928 Maryland 324 326 territorial context 922, 923 aquaculture conceptualizations of 313, 314 territorial system impact 928–934 coastal 849 distinction between elites and mass Almond-Lippmann consensus 231 drylands 847–850 perceptions 315, 316 Al-Mustansiriya University in environmental effects 849, 850 evaluation and outlook 325, 326 Baghdad 321 practice 849 invasion and occupation of Al-Qaeda 201, 242, 259, 268, 329, 337, products 848, 849 Iraq 319–321, 325 366, 933 water use efficiency 847, 848 Iranian nuclear programme 314, 315. Al-Qallab, Saleh 331 aquatic ecosystems 1224, 1296 323, 324, 325, 326 Al-Qaradawy (Sheikh) 334 aquifer (system) 919, 925 Israel relations 314–318, 321–326, alternative livelihoods 517, 830 Coastal Plain 452, 456–458 329, 330 dryland 842–852 Continental intercalaire (CI) 997, Maghreb region 325 Al-Thani, Bin Jassim 324 999, 1000, 1003, 1004 perception of different Al-Wefaq Group 334 Continental Terminal (CT) 997, countries 315, 316 Amazon 1456 999, 1000, 1003 USA relations 314–316, 318–322, destruction of 1346, 1348 Disi 436 325, 329–331, 333–335 American Development Bank Eastern Aquifer Systems (EAS) 430, war on terror 314 (IADB) 1150 433, 435, 437, 440 WMD role 317, 318, 322 Amman 500 Gaza 414 Arab world, soft security issues Amsterdam Declaration on Global Iullemeden Aquifer System (IAS) in conceptualizations of 313, 314, 327– Change, 2001 1208, 1209, 1467 West Africa 997–1004 329, 338 Amu Darya 527–529 Kurnub Group 456 energy security 336–338 Analytic Hierarchy Process 117 Mountain Aquifer Basin environmental threats 335, 336 Andalusia 922, 929, 934 (MAB) 436, 437, 453–455 foreign intervention to promote Andes region Nile Delta 786 democracy 331–333, 338 glacier melting 726 North-Eastern Aquifer System foreign labour in the GCC Andhra Pradesh 625, 627, 629, 630, (N-EAS) 430, 433, 434, 437 states 335, 338 632, 634 North-Western Sahara Aquifer Sys- perceptions of 329–338 Andorra 474 tem (NWSAS) 386 sectarian rifts 334, 335, 338 Anglophone 357 subterranean 884 terrorism 313, 329–331, 338 Angola 347 Western Aquifer System Arab-Israeli Conflict 487, 508, 509 (see Anguilla 706 (WAS) 430, 433, 437 also Israeli-Palestinian conflict/re- Ankara 500 Arab Bank for Economic Development lations) Annan, Kofi 32, 66, 102, 355, 365, 372, in Africa (BADEA) 1050 American and French Arms Control 720, 733, 1467 Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Plans 317 Antarctic 737 Zones and Drylands (ACSAD) 441 Annapolis Conference, 2007 318 Anthropocene 4, 40, 175, 1225, 1478, Arab Convention for the Suppression Arab Peace Initiative, March 1479, 1482 of Terrorism 329 2002 316, 318 concept/definition 4, 31–33 Arab Democratic Dialogue Forum 332 Confidence-Building Measures dangers humankind is facing 1491, Arab Forum for Environment and De- (CBMs) 317 1492 velopment (AFED) 388, 391 Road Map, 2003 318 geoecology and Earth System Analy- Arab Group for the Protection of Na- UN General Assembly Resolutions sis/Science approaches 1465–1471 ture (APN) 441 316, 318 ideal type visions of the human Arab Maghreb Union 336 WMD role 317, 318 future 1487, 1488 Arab Strategic Report 320 Aral Sea (Basin) 527, 528, 531, 533, 530 multiple challenges from Arab world archetype approach (UNEP) 1107, GEC 1453–1457 Abu Dhabi Declaration 337 1112 new security policy approach 1485 Action Plan on Environment and Arctic Climate System Study (ACSYS) security policy for 1454 Energy for Arab Countries, project 1262, 1263 soil security 823–825 2004 337 Index 1767

Arctic region 35, 735, 1367 Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum gas pipelines 214 Beck, Ulrich 40, 81–83, 85, 86, 108, climate change 1263, 1276, 1284 ballistic missile defence 257, 295 119, 129, 643, 1005, 1011, 1017, 1035 ARCVIEW software 1002 Baltic Sea Becket, Margaret 763 Argentina 1023, 1027, 1343, 1348 Basin 955 Bedie, Henri Konan 350 Space Agency 1300 ecosystem 951 Begin, Menachem 468 Argo Project 1265 European Union’s Sea Region Beijer International Institute of Ecolog- ARIDnet 807 Strategy 951–953 ical Economics at The Royal Swed- Arizona State University 1032 Ban Ki-Moon 9, 34, 720, 735, 831, 1293, ish Academy of Sciences 132 Armenia 214, 215 1367 Beirut 500 Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict 305 Bangladesh 560, 705, 745, 1369 Belarus 289 Armero eruption (Columbia), agricultural productivity 972 Belize 1348 1985 560 aquatic ecosystems 973 population growth 1151 arms control 295, 296, 298, 301, 754 coping with the 1998 floods by so- Benghazi 500 Russia 295, 296, 298, 301 cial networking 979 Benin 1419 Arms Control and Regional Security flood types 971 Human Development Index 349 (ACRS) working group 317, 318 good governance 978–981 ratio of official government’s in- arms race 745 migration 975 come to income from development Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) 188 sea-level rise 973 aid (ODA) 359 arms trafficking 201 social institutions 978, 979 Berlin Wall, fall of 5 Asian Development Bank (ADB) 978, social networks 979–981 Bermuda 706 1441 sustainable economic development Bernoulli, Jakob 79 Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre and poverty reduction 969 Betts, Richard 252 (ADRC) 1442 urbanization 975 Bhopal accident, 1984 81 Asian financial crisis in 1997 308 victims of droughts 817 Bible 461 Asian Urban Disaster Mitigation water quality 972 biodiversity 45, 601, 737, 812, 814, 853, Programme 554 water resource management 928, 973, 1070, 1259, 1275, 1297, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (WRM) 969, 970, 975, 976, 978–981 1350 (APEC) 1375 weak governance 975–978 awareness of the importance 1236 Asia-Pacific Network for Global Bangladesh, water resources/security biotechnology as threat 1024–1026, Change Research (APN) 1217, climatic drivers, impacts and 1033, 1034–1036, 1037, 1040 1265 vulnerabilities 970–974 change, ecosystem and human well- Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean De- crisis of water availability 977, 978 being relationship 1242–1244 velopment and Climate 1328 good governance and better water decline 1019 Aso, Taro 1387–1389 management 978–981 definition 1032 Aspin, Les 270 human health risk 973, 974 DIVERSITAS research/ Assembling the Tree of Life project human-induced drivers, impacts and activities 1238–1248 (ATOL)) 1239 vulnerabilities 974–978 East Asia 1335, 1336 Association of Southeast Asian Na- key human vulnerabilities 972, 973 global losses 810, 854, 860 tions (ASEAN) 310 livelihood vulnerabilities in the main drivers of change/ Astra-Zeneca 1028 Charlands 974 decline 1235, 1236 Athens 500 social capital 979, 981 Palestine 427 Australia 9, 711, 1279, 1290 social institutions 978, 979 sacred groves 989 biomass 845 social network 979, 981 socio-economic drivers and change climate change 1336, 1355, 1361, 1362, weak governance 975–978 to sustainable use 1244–1248 1500 Barannikov, Vadim 278 water related 973 droughts 23 Barbados Programme of Action biodiverse production 1037 autonomous adaptation 41 (BPoA) 1350 bioecology 1455 autopoietic society 900 Barbuda 705 bioenergy 26, 510 Aventis 1031 Barcelona 500, 918 bioethics Azerbaijan 214–216 Barcelona Convention, 1976 488, 501 precautionary principle and Barcelona Declaration, 1995 202, 501 prevention 1036–1038 B Barcelona Process 199, 202, 487, 503, bio-fertilizer 829 Babangida, Ibrahim 363 515, 516, 524 biofuel 23, 758, 818, 844, 845 Baghdad Pact, 1955 333 Barcode of Life Initiative (BOLI) 1239 food crops use as 1019 Bahrain 319, 334, 335 BASIC block 1363 biogas 539 Bailes, Alyson J.K. 67 Basque terrorism 184 biological terrorism 267 Baker Plan, 1985 162 Batticaloa, district of Sri Lanka 1130– biological weapons 259, 340 Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline 214, 1141 biomass 844, 845 301 Bayer CropScience 1028 bio-pesticide 1050 BBC-model of vulnerability 128 biopiracy 1029, 1038 1768 Index

biosafety 1026, 1039 ratio of official government’s in- Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, bioSUSTAINABILITY 1245, 1246 come to income from development 2000 1020, 1033, 1039 biotechnology 405, 406 aid (ODA) 359 Advanced Informed Agreement definition 1020 population growth 1048 (AIA) 1039 threat to biodiversity 1024–1026, Bursa 500 Carter, James Earl (Jimmy) 468 1033–1037, 1040 Burundi 1419 Casablanca 500, 917, 918 traditional 1036 Bush doctrine 252 cauliflower mosaic (CaMV35S) 1031 bio-terror agents 267 Bush, George 249, 250, 252–255, 260, Center for Arab Unity Studies in bioterrorism 89 272, 273 Beirut 316 Blair, Anthony (Tony) 334, 763 Bush, George W. 35, 64, 185, 249, 250, Center for International Climate and Blue Nile 768 252–254, 2572–261, 263, 264, 266, Environmental Research Blue Plan of UNEP 486, 488, 490, 273, 274, 295, 300, 321, 331, 334, 539, (CICERO) in Oslo 86 493, 495, 496, 501, 502 762, 763, 1025, 1384 Center for Strategic and International Bodin. Jean 478, 358 Studies (CSIS) in Washington 241 Boer, Yves 1498 C Central America Bolivia 567, 1355 Cairns Group 1016 climate change and the probability economic and social indicators 859 Cairo 500, 777 of hydro-meteorological improving integral sustainable Cameroun 552, 1419 hazards 1157 development 1476 Campaore, Blaise 342 earthquake 1149, 1150, 1155, 1156 border (definition) 462 Campo de Cartagena area 935, 945 hurricane 1149, 1150, 1154–1156 Bosnia and Herzegovina Campo de Dalias 923 migration 1153 population growth 498 Campo de Nijar 923 natural hazard 1148 UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol Camus, Albert 79 population growth 1150–1152 ratification 491 Canada Presidential Summit in Antigua City Botswana 1420 climate change international (Guatemala), October 1999 1154 bottom-up participatory approach 996 negotiations 1394, 1500 Central America, disaster Bougafr association 911 GMO/transgenic technologies advances in risk management 1154– Boyer, Herbert 1020 use 1023, 1025 1157 Brady Plan, 1989 163, 168 Canary Islands 366 climate change impacts 1157 Brassica napa/nigra 1026 Capabilities and Vulnerability Analysis communities have been experienc- Braudel, Fernand 506, 1457, 1478 (CVA) 74 ing for centuries 1147, 1148, 1155, Brazil 1343, 1348, 1389 Cape Verde 1045–1047 1156 climate change and international Human Development Index 349 recent impacts 1149, 1150 negotiations 1363, 1394 population growth 1048 vulnerability and the social cause Environmental Crimes Law of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) of 1153, 1154 1998 1343 technology 23, 1287, 1320 Central American Coordination Cent- transgenic technologies use 1023 Carbon Facility of MDG 1308, 1315, er for Natural Disaster Prevention urbanization 675 1317 (CEPREDENAC) 1154 Bretton Woods institutions 1310 Carbon Finance Unit of World Bank Central Asia Brezhnev, Leonid 282 753 assessment of conflict potential due Brown, Gordon 1415 carbon footprint 1291 to GEC 527, 533, 534 Brown, Harald 249 carbon sequestration 846, 889 Environment and Security Initiative Brundtland Commission 63, 64 CARE 1154 (EnvSec) 533 Brundtland Report, 1987 1503 Caribbean Alliance for Sustainable geographical conditions 526, 527 BSE 13, 1031 Tourism (CAST) 1350 geo-hazards (land slides, mud and Budapest Caribbean Common Market boulder slides, ) and GEC heatwave and heat stress 1095–1099 (CARICOM) 1350 impact 531, 532 vulnerability index 1098, 1099 Climate Change Declaration, Febru- hydrographic and political vulnerability indicators 1096 ary 2010 38, 39 overview 526 vulnerability map 1097 Caribbean Environment Network Interstate Commission for Water budget allocation process (BAP) 1423 (CEN) 1350 Coordination (ICWC) 529 Buenos Aires Plan of Action, Caribbean Environmental Health Insti- internal stability of the states 533, 1998 1377 tute (CEHI) 1350 534 Bulgaria 184, 223 Caribbean Planning for Adaptation to International Fund for Saving the Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Re- Global Climate Change Aral Sea (IFAS) 529 covery (BCPR) 128, 1309 (CPACC) 1350 salinization of soil and GEC Burkina Faso 342, 894, 899, 1045, 1046 Caribbean Regional Climate Change impact 532, 533 Human Development Index 349 Strategy 1350 sand and dust Storms and GEC Cartagena 1406 impact 530, 531 Index 1769

tensions with violent incidents be- China 183, 976, 1389 political system as a fragmented tween ethnic and political agricultural production 958–960, authoritarianism 536 groups 525, 526, 533, 534 967 Population and Development Re- water formation and usage 528 ASEAN 310 search Center 957 water management at the Amu and Autonomous Region Xinjiang 525, population growth 1182, 1183 Syr Darya 529 526, 534 population increase and grain water resources and GEC Beijing Olympic Games 1425 demand 957 impact 527–530 civil society 545 renewable energy 1373 weak governance structures 525 clean energy research centre 1379 Renewable Energy Law, 2005 1371, Centre for Geopolitical Research and comprehensive security 1373 Analysis (CRAG) at Paris Universi- concept 308, 311 river system 958 ty VIII 1460 cooperative security 311 Russia relations 310 Centre for Research on the Epidemiol- Cultural Revolution 642 Scientific Outlook on ogy of Disasters (CRED) 76, 92, economic development and Development 1373 637, 694, 695, 697–699, 703, 1092, projections 1370– 1373 Shanghai Cooperation Organization 1185, 1345, 1405, 1441 economic reforms since the late (SCO) 310 Centre for Strategic Studies (CSS) of 1970’s 536, 538 State Council 1374 the University of Jordan 329 Energy Conservation Law, State Owned Enterprises Centre for Technology, Environment, 1997 1371, 1373 (SOEs) 542 and Development (CENTED) at energy consumption traditional cultural heritage 645 Clarke University 108 projections 1370–1373 transgenic technologies use 1023 Centre of Full Employment and energy technology 1372 transportation sector 1371 Equity 150 Environmental Protection Adminis- USA relations 310 Centres for Disease Control and Pre- tration (SEPA) 538, 545 victims of droughts 817 vention’s (CDC) 703 Environmental Protection Bureaus water law 964 Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, (EPB) 541, 542 water resources/scarcity 528–530, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas European Union relations 310 535, 957, 958, 961–963, 965, 967 (CIEMAT) 519 evolving new security concept 307– Water Resources Bureaus Centro Latino Americano de Ecología 311 (WRBs) 965 Social (CLAES) in famine in Northern, 1876-1879 818 water use associations (WUAs) 966 Montevideo 1455 Five-year Plan (1991-1995) 1372, 1373 Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-24 CFE Treaty (Treaty on Conventional food security 957, 1369, 1370 AC) 640 Armed Forces in Europe), GDP 962, 1278, 1373, 1378 China, climate change impacts/policy 1990 288, 295 genetically modified adaptation and mitigation Chabourat 915 organisms 1027, 1028 strategies 1378 Chad 348, 858, 1046, 1052 globalization and non-traditional se- Common but Differential Responsi- economic and social indicators 859 curity problems/concept 307–311 bilities principle 1377 population growth 1048 grain production 960 dialogue and cooperation with the challenge, see also security challenge Hunshandake Sandland 857, 860 United States 1379, 1380 definition 66 Information Office of the State domestic policy/measures 1373– Challenge Program on Climate Council 1369 1378 Change, Agriculture and Food Se- integrated water resources manage- ecological and socio-economic curity (CCAFS) of ESSP 1211, 1213 ment (IWRM) 963 impacts 5, 36, 957. 1333–1336 chaos-research 1108 leasing land in the Congo 24 economic costs 962 Chechnya (conflict/war) 287, 291, 292, Maoist ideology 642 encouraging international 299, 305 Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1374 cooperation 967 Chekhov, Anton 9 Ministry of Water Resources equitable development and technol- chemical weapons 340 (MWR) 642, 965 ogy transfers 1377, 1378 Chemical Weapons Convention 317 National People’s Congress flood and drought affected Cheney, Richard 252, 272, 273, 319, (NPC) 1370, 1375 areas 962, 963, 967 320 natural disaster 700, 702, 705–707, grain production loss 962, 963 Chernobyl nuclear power plant acci- 709, 710 greenhouse gases (GHGs) dent, 1986 7, 81 New Cultural Movement at the be- emissions 1367, 1368, 1370, 1371, Chernov, Vladislav 278 ginning of the 20th century 642 1378, 1379 Chicago school of geography 81 party state lacks an input-oriented initiatives beyond 2012 1379, 1380 Chihuahua Desert 876, 878, 884, 886, legitimacy 536, 537 international negotiations/ 888 policy of liberalization since the diplomacy 1331, 1355, 1361–1363, child soldier 1980’s 540 1365, 1370, 1373–1379, 1394, 1500 West Africa 346, 347, 351, 367 political leadership and strategy to international perspectives on the se- Chile 934, 1023, 1343 generate legitimacy 536 curity dimensions 1369 1770 Index

China, climate change impacts/policy party state/political leadership climate change adaptation and mitigation strategy 536–538, 545, 546 agriculture consequences in 502, strategies socio-political disparities and 1258 laws and regulations 963, 965 poverty 538 anthropogenic contribution 32, 830 measures for coping with 963–967 spends and costs 535, 538–540 banking and reinsurance 1259 National Action Plan on Climate territoriality 542 burning of fossil fuels impact 1259 Change, June 2007 1372, 1374 China, flood risks causal linkages and possible extreme National Coordination Committee events with most affected societal outcomes from four for Climate Change (NCCCC) 1374 people 638 perspective 32, 33 political and academic assessments events with most people killed 638 challenges for society, foreign policy of the long-term security historical events 640, 642 and security 735 implications 1369, 1370 mitigation measures/strategies 638– civil infrastructure 1259 Policies and Actions for Addressing 645 coastal ecosystems in Latin Climate Change (white paper), May mitigation strategies in Wuhan 638, America 585–601 2008 1368–1370, 1372, 1373, 1376 641–645 coastal flooding and people at risk policy implementations 1378 number of events 637–640 globally 1281 U.S.-China Memorandum of Under- risk management strategies 638 common-but-differentiated conver- standing to Enhance Cooperation in China, irrigation gence (CDC) 1396 Climate Change 1379 area and distribution 958–961 complex emergencies and isolated UNFCCC negotiations 1338, 1339, collection of water fees 966 responses 1429, 1430 1373–1377 enhancing infrastructure 963 contraction and convergence water resources impact 961, 962 grain production requirement 957– (C&C) 754, 1394–1399 China, environmental policy/situation 960 coping with 1283, 1284 awareness of the people and envi- intensive zone 959 cross-disciplinary research is ronmental protests 543–545 law on agriculture reference 964, needed 1430 challenges and regime stability 535 965 decline and fall of civilizations 31, 32 conflicts on environmental paddy zone 960 deforestation in Palestine 441 pollution 535 precipitation distribution 961 desertification 828, 893 coordination problems 541 protection and proper groundwater dimensions for scaling up 1311 corruption and local-level state use 966, 967 disaster management and interna- capture 540 reforming management tional development degradation and risks of socio-polit- institutions 965, 966 relationship 1193–1196, 1201–1204 ical instability 537, 538 supplementary zone 959, 960 ecological crises across Africa 1430 desertification 855–858, 860 water-saving practices 965 economic costs 742 different interests between central Chirac, Jacques 334 environmental risks in the Fergana leadership and local chlorofluorocarbon gases (CFCl3 and valley, Uzbekistan 532 governments 537, 539–542, 545 CF2Cl2) 3, 4 equal emissions improvement education programmes 543 Chu, Steven 1379 (EEI) 1398, 1399 environmental governance Ciba Geigy 1028 evolution of research 1465–1469 problems 542, 543 Cicero Institute, Norway 42 extreme weather, and sea-level ethnic and religious factors 538 Cirsium arvense 1026 events interlink 1278 evaluation and outlook 541. 545, 546 city floods and droughts impact 1257, health problems 538 conceptualization of 549 1258 hierarchization of ownership disaster risks 551, 552 food production in poor countries structures 542 elements shaping human vulnerabili- impact 1183 implementation of environmental ty and climate change 549, 552–558 food security 758 regulations 539 civil rights movement 1170, 1171 geographical locations of develop- incorrect reports 540 civil society 14, 235, 285, 296, 371, 1059, ing countries 983 institutional deficits 540 1425, 1477, 1480 GDP impact 1278, 1289, 1394–1398 international environmental Arab world 315, 316, 319, 321, 324, global water cycle 1264 agreements 539 325, 329, 332–334 governance impact 1055, 1057–1060 large emissions of greenhouse China 545 Holocene 1257 gases 535 civil strife 87, 103 human development index local-level clientelism 540 clash of civilizations 1473 (HDI) 1394, 1395 measures/programs 538, 539 class, definition 1178 Human Development Report 720 NGOs role 536, 537, 543–545 Clean Development Mechanism human health impact 404–406, 758, one-sided policy preferences 540 (CDM) 753, 846, 1286, 1307, 1308, 1258, 1259 opposition against the settlement of 1316, 1323, 1328, 1329, 1331, 1338, 1351 human settlements impacts 758 the PX factory in the city of 1352, 1374–1376, 1378, 1400 hydro-meteorological hazards proba- Xiamen 544, 545 bility in Central America 1157 Index 1771

hydrological cycle impact 447, 448 vulnerability depending on develop- human, societal and political increased vulnerability due to other ment pathways 1280 stability 747, 748 stresses 1280 vulnerability of ecosystems 794, 795 instabilities, adaptive capacities, so- interdisciplinary assessment 745 water availability, drought and flood cietal impacts 737, 738 international migrations occurrence in Europe 497 integrated assessment impacts 819–821 water resources impact 758 framework 736, 737, 753, 756 International Solidarity Conference water resources impact in the Mid- integrated framework of interac- on Climate Change Strategies for dle East 448–450 tions between climate and the African and Mediterranean Re- weak state 731 society 736–740 gions in Tunis, November 2007 371 climate change, adaptation/mitigation long-term and short-term institution- land degradation in Palestine 441– strategies 1067, 1284, 1290, 1378 al framework 1399, 1400 443 avoided, reduced or delayed impacts natural resources, human needs and land degradation, desertification due to mitigation 1281 societal impacts causal and drought (DLDD) Caribbean community 1350 relationships 736 interaction 813–817 cost estimates for strategies 1331 risks and threats 742–744 land-use impacts 25–27 economic potential and projected sceptic perspective 32 land-use mitigation options 23, 24 emissions increase in 2030 1288 sensitivity and the causal chain to so- large-scale events to cause large im- emission trading systems cietal impacts 738–740 pacts after the 21st century 1278 (ETS) 1290 stability against escalating marginal abatement costs (MAC) of measures 1338 threats 747 emissions 1394, 1395, 1397–1399 land-use mitigation options 23, 24 stability and instability 745–748 megadeltas/coastal zones in Asia limited current adaptation and need- Triptych approach 754 and Africa 1277, 1278, 1284 ed action to reduce UNDP reaction/approach 1303, militarization in the context of the vulnerability 1280 1304–1318 national/military security mix measures to cope with vulnerability and adaptation discourses 1492, 1493 impacts 1281 impact 740–742 Millennium Development Goals necessary to address impacts from climate change, (international) security (MDGs) 374, 1304 warming from past GHG implications/negotiations most vulnerable places 1274–1278 emissions 1279 Asia-Pacific Region and security/in- ocean impact 1262, 1263, 1294, 1295 policies and instruments 1290, 1291 duced emerging security threats 34, overall negative effect 1278, 1279 potential and costs 1286–1290 35 potable water impact 1258 Renewable Portfolio China 1368–1370 Providing Regional Climates for Im- Standards 1290 catalyst of insecurity 729, 730 pacts Studies (PRECIS) 767 research/tasks 1291 challenges 735, 1367 regional impacts for sea level and at- sectoral economic potential for dif- conflict constellations 422, 423, mospheric carbon dioxide 1277 ferent regions 1289 509–512, 721– 730, 735, 749, 818, 819, schematic of the flow of the climate technologies and practices 1287, 821, 822, 828, 831, 832 information system 1269 1288 contextual global trends and the cu- scientific debate 765 Climate Change, Environment and Mi- mulative destabilization 730, 731 sea-level rise 421, 585, 588, 1183, 1335 gration Alliance (CCEMA) 503, contextual outlook and the recon- sea-level rise and Nile Delta 773, 820 ceptualizing of security 731–733 777–788 climate change, explanation attempts/ cooperation, coalition formation small islands, 1284 approaches and global governance 755, 756 snow, ice, frozen ground allocate GHG emission development of the international impact 1263 reductions 1393–1396 regime 1374 society impacts 957–960, 1257–1260 bottom-up/top-down 996, 1287 emissions reduce and improvement Stern Review 758 challenges and opportunities of of the efficiency of natural resource sustainable development research 1265, 1266 use 752, 753 linkages 1280, 1281 conflict and cooperation 748–751 environmentally-induced migration tropical montane rain forest deniers perspective 32 and conflict 422, 423, 511, 512, 724, dynamics 795–802 determinists perspective 32 725, 728, 729, 731, 822 UNESCO 1293– 1295, 1301 empiricists perspective 32 environmental degradation and vio- urban development impacts 669 environment link/interaction 737 lent conflicts relationship urban poverty and vulnerability to ENSEMBLES and NARCCAP approaches/research 726–728 disasters 552–558 projects 768 European Union policy/ UNSG report, September framework for interactive and initiatives 732, 733 2009 1495–1497, 1502 transdisciplinary research 1217 fair distribution and climate useful climate information human security 46, 423, 745 justice 753, 754 requirements 1260, 1261, 1265, 1266 human vulnerability and responses interaction 737 1772 Index

climate change, (international) security Costa Rica 1351 general circulation models implications/negotiations East Asia 1333, 1340 (GCMs) 767–769, 771, 779, 1074, food production decline induced Eastern Mediterranean region 421 1075 conflict 422, 510, 511, 722, 723, 728, Ecuador 585– 590, 598 HADGEM1 1075 729 Egypt 765, 766, 773, 777–788 mitigation scenarios for alternative fresh water scarcity induced El Salvador 585, 587, 589, 598 categories of stabilization conflict 422, 510, 721, 722 Europe 497, 502, 1091, 1092, 1275, levels 1286 increase in storms and floods in- 1276 monitoring of the climate system duced conflict 422, 511, 723, 724, European Union 185, 186, 762, 763, requirements 1260, 1261, 1265, 1266 728, 729, 821, 828, 831, 832 1319–1332 Murcia in the 21st century 941–944 international justice/equity or fair- India 1062–1065, 1338 ocean models/impact 1262, 1263, ness challenge 1336–1339 Japan 1334–1336, 1339, 1381–1391 1294, 1295 Mediterranean region 509–514 Jordan 404, 405, 407 Quantified emission reduction and new quality of threats and Latin America 585–601, 1341–1353 limitation objectives interlinkages 726–731 Maghreb 379 (QERLOs) 1393, 1396, 1399 negotiations and the domestic Mediterranean region 201, 490– Quantifying Uncertainty in Model sources of 1382, 1383 503, 509–514, 1276 Predictions (QUMP) 766 new security concepts 744, 745 Mexico 881–891, 1067–1079, 1351, Regional Climate Model 765–770 North-South relations/divide 1355– 1352 regional forecast for Europe (2071 1366 Middle East and North Africa to 2100) 1091, 1092 position of the North 1358, 1360– (MENA) 423, 424, 444, 448–450, regional model HadRM3 767 1366 493–503 sea level and atmospheric carbon di- position of the South 1359–1366 Nigeria 670, 671, 685, 687 oxide projections 1275 proliferation of weak and fragile Nile Delta 773, 777–788 SRES A1 scenario 1276 states 731 North Africa 371 stabilization scenarios 1285, 1287, protecting and preserving the natu- Palestine 412, 413, 424, 426–444 1330 ral resource base 753 Sahel 1049, 1050, 1052 temperature increases reducing and managing risks, insta- South Korea 1336 projections 585 bilities and conflicts 754 United Kingdom (UK) 1367 uncertainties in projections 766, regional distribution of security USA 762, 763, 1339 767, 771 risks 725, 726, 730 Uzbekistan 532 United Kingdom Climate Projec- securitization concept/theory 516, climate change, models/predictions/ tions 2009 (UKCP09) 766, 768, 771 735, 757, 762–764, 814 projections/scenarios 1259, 1260, United Kingdom Met Office region- security implications as global 1283, 1284 al climate model 767 dangers 34–38 A1B scenario 770, 771 WCRP 1262 stake holder participation and alter- A2-type (development) climate change adaptation (CCA) native dispute resolution 754, 755 scenario) 1280 process 46 strategies for addressing security Assessment of Greenhouse Gas-In- Climate Prediction and Assessment challenges 751–756 duced Climate Change model 1075 Center (ICPAC) 1431, 1436, 1439 sustainable development of welfare B1 (sustainable development/glo- Climate Research Unit (CRU) at Uni- and adaptive capacity 752 bal) scenario) 1280 versity of East Anglia, UK 768 targets for an international B2 (sustainable development/local Climate Risk Index 745 agreement 1396 governance) 1280 climate variability 114, 987, 1069, 1257, terms and variables in climate-securi- Canadian Climate Impact 1259, 1260, 1270 ty analysis 752 Scenarios 1075 Climate Variability and Predictability threat to existential human challenges of predictions 1260 (CLIVAR) project 1262, 1263, 1265 rights 730 climate modelling pyramid 1206 Climatic Action Plan for threats to stability at local/national conflict early warning 1430 Veracruz 1075 and regional levels 719–726 coupling regional climate projec- Clinton, William J. 64, 97, 249, 250, USA 256, 257, 259, 262, 269–271, tions with a basin-wide hydrological 252, 253–258, 260–264, 266, 270, 273, 274 model 769–771 273, 274, 474, 816 climate change, regions/countries early warning systems/ Club du Sahel 807 Africa 1276, 1277, 1284, 1430 networks 1429, 1431–1440 Club of Rome 518 Arctic region 1263, 1276, 1284 ECHAM5 1075 Coarse woody debris (CWD) 799 Australia 1336 ensemble selection and down scal- coastal ecosystems/zones 723, 1070 Caribbean community 1350 ing phase 768, 769 climate change/natural hazards im- Central America 1157 Force Event Responses (FER) pacts in Latin America and 585–601, China 539, 957, 961, 1331, 1333–1336, model 595, 596 1345, 1348 1338, 1339, 1368–1370 Land Ocean Interactions in the Columbia 585–592, 594, 596, 598 Coastal Zone Project (LOICZ) 1224 Index 1773 coastal erosion 585, 1301 Confidence Building Measures Convention on the Law of the Non- coastal mangroves 1353 (CBMs) 317 Navigational Uses of International Coastal Plain aquifer 452, 456–458 Gulf Cooperation Council Arab Watercourses, 1997 437 Codex Alimentarius 1024, 1033 States (GCC) 322, 323 Conyza canadensis 1025 coffee conflict cooperation (definition) 749 production in Mexico climate change induced 818, 819, cooperative security 308, 309, 311 (Veracruz) 1067–1069, 1072–1074, 821 Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) 1077, 1079 escalation of 748 Program 254 Cohen, Saul 475 Euro-Mediterranean Region 508, Copenhagen Green Climate Fund Cohen, Stanley 1020 509 (CGCF) 1311 Cold War 136, 137, 191, 921 intensities of 749 Copenhagen School 97, 123, 124, 131, end of 5, 6 conflict constellation 133, 235, 236, 810 collective security 65 climate change-induced 422, 423, Copernican revolution 1467, 1474, Collective Security Treaty Organiza- 509–512, 721–730, 821, 822 1482 tion (CSTO) 296–298, 300 drivers of international coping capacity 143 collective self-defence 65, 195 destabilization 729 definitions/concept of 41, 131, 132 collective vulnerability 107 selected hotspots 727 1116, 1117 colonialism 921, 1060, 1176 conflict early warning (CEW) impact and change 1117, 1118 Columbia 1023 systems 1430, 1436–1438 Mediterranean region 490 climate change/natural hazards Conflict Early Warning and Response coral reef impacts 585–592, 594, 596, 598 Network (CEWARN) Latin America 591–593 Disaster Prevention and Attention aggregated evaluation 1439 cornucopian answer/model 1019, Directorate of Interior Ministry data reports 1433 1036 (DPAD) 577 facts 1432 corrective disaster risk earthquakes 581, 582, 584 Horn of Africa 1429 management 95 small scale and chronic disasters Incident Reports (IncReps) 1432, cosmopolitanism 13, 14, 15 proness 575–584 1433 Costa Rica 9, 1153, 1343 Comarca Lagunera 887 operational methodology 1431– climate change/natural hazards command, control, communications 1434, 1436, 1437 impacts 585–589, 598, 1351 (C3) 277 Situation Reports (SitReps) 1433, population growth 1150–1152 commercial vulnerability 69, 127 1436 Côte d’Ivoire Commission on Human Security conflict management 364, 754 Human Development Index 349 (CHS) 102, 355, 633, 758, 824 conflict prevention 832, 1435, 1436 migration 855 Committee on Sustainable Water Sup- Sustainable Development Index Mouvement Patriotique de Cote plies in the Middle East 454 (SDI) 1424–1426 d’Ivoire (MPCI) 358 Common but Differentiated conflict resolution 749 Mouvement Populaire Ivorie du Convergence 754 Confucius 637 Grand Ouest (MPIGO) 358 Common Foreign and Security Policy Congress of Vienna, 1815 31 violent conflict/civil war 339, 341– (CFSP) of EU 179, 212, 233 Consejo Regional del Café de 344, 348, 350, 362 common security 307–310, 745 Coatepec 1077 Council of Arab Ministers Responsible Commonwealth of Independent States Consortium for Applied Research on for the Environment (CIS) 276–278, 284, 287–289, 296, International Migration (CAMRE) 336, 337, 441 298 (CARIM) 517 Council of the Baltic Sea States 286 communications systems Consortium for the Barcode of Life Country Policy and Institutional As- vulnerability 69 (CBOL) 1239 sessment (CPIA) 145, 167, 170 community based organization Consortium of Insurance Compensa- Crack, Francis 1020 (CBO) 1306 tion (CCS) 1405 creeping vulnerability 139 complex adaptive systems (CAS) 1056 Consultative Group on International criollos 1178 Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Agricultural Research crisis management 94, 1479 Treaty (CTBT) 8, 254, 282 (CGIAR) 807, 826, 1212 crisis prevention 1318 comprehensive security 307–309, 311, consumerism 6 crisis recovery 1318 745 Continental intercalaire (CI) 997, 999, crisis stability concept 747 Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) 1000, 1003, 1004 critical geopolitics 1458, 1462, 1463, best regions 523 Continental Terminal (CT) 997, 999, 1471 Conference on Security and Coopera- 1000, 1003 Critical Infrastructure (CI) 150 tion in the Mediterranean contraction and convergence critical theory 83 (CSCM) 202 (C&C) 754, 1394–1399 Croatia 224 Convention for the Protection of the population growth 498 Marine Environment and Coastal UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol Region of the Mediterranean 488 ratification 489–491 1774 Index

Crutzen, Paul 31, 32, 1453 debt overhang argument 160, 163, household strategies for managing CSIRO Centre 1313 166 the problems in different residential Cuba 1355 economic and financial security con- colonies 622 Cuban Missile Crisis, 1963 264 text for the analysis 158, 159 improper management 617–619 cultural anthropology 1489 economic growth and poverty private sector participation cultural awareness 1489 effects 166–171, 174–175 (PSP) 623 cultural difference 1489 economic security 158, 159, 162, 173, responses (preventive/adaptive/ cultural diversity 1032 174 coping) to the problems 620, 621 cultural vulnerability 128 GDP growth rates impact 166, 167, statement of the problem 614, 615 cyber forces 268 170, 171 wastewater generated per day 614, cyber vulnerabilities 263 Heavily Indebted Poor Countries 615, 617, 618 cyber warfare 191 (HIPC) 157, 158, 160, 161, 163–171, waterborne and water-related cybernetics 1108, 1112, 1115 173–175 diseases 619 cybersecurity 259, 260, 263 history of initiatives of LIC 162–166 democracy 627 cyberwar 194 human security 158, 159, 162, 165, Democratic Republic of Congo Cyprus 200, 224, 231 170–175 (DRC) 348, 815, 1019, 1181 population growth 498 issues of further research 174, 175 Deng Xiaoping 1373 UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol moral argument 159 Denmark 182 ratification 489, 491 Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative climate change negotiations 1355 Cyprus conflict 210, 213, 508 (MDRI) 165, 168, 169, 174 Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) 1020, Czech Republic 1023 Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers 1021, 1030, 1040 (PRSPs) 165, 174 desalination 454, 458, 510 D theoretical arguments for 159–162 desecuritization 123 Dada, Ahmed Ould 366 debt service 161 desert Damascus 500 debt sustainability analyses garden (areas) 897 774, 777 (DSAs) 169 traditional knowledge/ dangerous anthropogenic interference’ Decade of Education for Sustainable technology 895–900 (DAI) 72 Development (DESD) of UN 1299 DESERTEC Industrial Initiative Danish Hydrological Institute decision-making theory 79 (Dii) 27, 514, 518, 519, 521, 522, 524, (DHI) 766 Declaration of Lima of 1938 465 830 Darfur 1181 deforestation 23, 65, 753, 801, 806, 815, desertification 65, 383, 722, 1491 Darwin, Charles 1020, 1472 1221, 1343 biophysical processes triggered 855 Dattatreya, Bandaru 629 Palestine 441 causes of 804, 893–895 David, King of Israel 461 Sahel 1047, 1049 chemical degradation of water and DDT 417 degradation (concept of) 837 land resources 869 de Boer, Yvo 1352 Delhi China 855–858, 860 debt crisis forms of settlement colonies 614 climate change impact 893 Baker Plan, 1985 162 Municipal Corporation of Delhi combating aims/strategies of Brady Plan, 1989 163, 168 (MCD) 616 UNCCD 805 Debt Reduction Facility (DRF) 164, New Delhi Municipal Corporation concepts of 805, 807, 808 166 (NDMC) 616 coupled with political marginaliza- empirical evidence of the debt/ population growth 615 tion and economic deprivation 857, growth relationship 166–168 Resident’s Welfare Associations 858 history of 162–166 (RWAs) 621, 622 definitions 79, 836, 885, 893, 901 low-income countries (LICs) 157, Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB) 616 demographic growth impact 894 163–167, 169 Delhi Development Authority Desertification in the Mediterranean net present value (NPV) 162, 165, (DDA) 616 Region: A Security Issue 167, 169 Delhi Jal Board (DJB) 616–618 conference 837 Official Development Assistance Delhi, water, wastewater, sewerage economic impacts 858–861 (ODA) 162, 164, 166, 171, 173 risks/policy Egypt 863–874 Paris Club 157, 163–165 causes/implications for global scope and the key Toronto terms 164 inadequacies 615–617 impacts 853–855 debt Laffer curve 161, 163 constraints to effective responding/ health impact 858 Debt Reduction Facility (DRF) 164, services 622 industrialization of agriculture 166 coping/adaptation strategy as com- impact 894 debt relief ponents of a resilient system 619, international conferences/work- additional financing argument 160 620 shops in Almería in 1994 809 overlending debt argument 160 evaluation and outlook 623 lack of access to safe water for debt Laffer curve 161, 163 communities 858 Maghreb/North Africa 381, 382 Index 1775

Mexico (Northern region of) 884, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment critical analysis of conceptualiza- 885, 889, 890 (MA) proposals 826 tions/views and perceptions 1113– NATO programme 902 policy response (actors and 1115 national/international policies knowledge) 822, 823 definitions/concept of 112, 131, 696 responses 859–861 politicizing of 808, 810, 811, 813, 814, definitions/criteria of EM-DAT 696 Oasis of Tafilalet (Morocco), first 827 differences to risk 112 signs 901–919 preventing environmentally-induced DesInventar database 576, 577, 580, perception that drylands are essen- conflicts 831, 832 584 tially wastelands 857 proposals for coping with 832, 833 discrimination, role of 1169, 1171– physical and social process 895 recommendations (from knowledge 1174, 1176, 1179–1188 policy regime and how to perceive to action) 826–833 dramatic increase 1429 and to respond 853, 854 securitization of 827, 828 economic and social development political marginalization 854 societal outcomes (famine, crises, impacts of small 575, 581–584 response options to combat 860, and conflicts) 818–822 economic costs/damage 1199, 1347 861 transition to alternative livelihoods floods 637–645 robust and operational way to and a sustainable economy 830 framework for risk reduction 1148 quantify 853 United Nations Organizations frequency of recorded 1194 rural, urban and cultural proposals 826 geophysical 697, 703, 708, 709 implications 893–895 desertification paradigm 835 –839, 846 Global Assessment Report on Disas- Sahel 1047–1049, 1052, 1053 DesertNet 807 ter Risk Reduction of ISDR, scenarios for combating 825 Designated National Authorities 2009 579 scientization of 806–808, 827 (DNAs) 1317 hydrological 697, 699, 708, 709, 711, securitization of 809, 823, 825 DesInventar Disaster Database 576, 713 security nexus 836–842 577, 580, 584 hydro-meteorological 697, 700, societal impacts 855 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und 702, 703 societal vulnerability impacts 856, Raumfahrt (German Aerospace Es- intensive risk 579 858–860 tablishment), DLR 518, 519 International Decade for Natural soil as key factor to understand 893, developing countries Disaster Reduction, 1990-1999 1154, 894 climate change 983 1156 Spain 935–937, 939, 943–945 population growth since the Latin America and the specific features in oases 901 1970’s 17 Caribbean 1345, 1346 Sustainable Management of Margin- economic and social indicators in limitations of the disaster data 698 al Drylands (SUMAMAD) 856, 858, dryland countries 859 megacities and their 860 development vulnerabilities 649, 650 Thar Desert (Western Rajasthan, concept/politics of 625, 626 meteorological 697, 699, 708, 709, India) 983, 984 formal criteria 1357 711, 712 traditional knowledge and global distribution of projects 626 models of 89 Egypt 873 role of the state 628 Nigeria 676–680, 685 urbanization 894, 895 Development Assistance Committee number of deaths and people affect- worldwide/global 380, 853–855, 860 (DAC) 164 ed by country 1045 desertification, land degradation and Dewey, John 13 number of drought/famine by drought (DLDD) 1179 Di-Aping, Lumumba 1355 country 1044 climate change and natural hazards digital elevation model (DEM) 781, number of epidemics by impacts 816, 817 782 country 1045 conceptualization of 804–806 DIHMA methodology 1410 number of flood by country 1044 demand side management and effi- disarmament, demobilization and re- number of persons injured ciency improvements 828, 829 integration of combatants (definition) 696 diagnosing, causes and impacts 811– (DDR) 364, 365 number of persons killed 823 disaster (see also natural disaster) (definition) 696 environmental and human access model 89 pressure and release model pressures 812–816 alternative views on 1115 (PAR) 89, 567, 1115 environmentally-induced biological 697, 702, 713 research on impacts and political migration 830, 831 Central America 1147–1157 stability 724 environmental effect (scarcity, deg- climatological 697, 708, 709, 711, risk management in Central radation, and stress) 816 713 America 1154–1157 environmental services and food Columbia 575–584 scientific community 49, 50 with less resources 829, 830 comprehensive perspective on the shift from a hazard-centred to a vul- evolution of the concept 806–809 regulation and coupling processes nerability-centred perspective 1129, human-nature interactions 1103 1130 models 811, 812 concept of 794, 795 small and moderate effects 578–584 1776 Index

disaster definition 95 bioGENESIS 1239 social sciences studies of 559, 560 prospective 96 bioSUSTAINABILITY 1245, 1246 social vulnerability, identity factors Disaster Risk Management Indicators capacity to observe and model biodi- and social representation 1184, 1185 Program for the Americas 117 versity change 1239–1242 standardizing impact 705–707 disaster risk reduction (DRR) 43, 44, Core Projects and Cross-cutting total number of affected persons 46, 49, 1169, 1186, 1187, 1193, 1329 Networks 1238, 1246 (definition) 696 definition 95 ecoHEALTH 1246 type proportions by UN sub- implementation of 694 ecoSERVICES Science Plan 1243 regions 1046 key terminology 95 Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) 1239 vulnerability and the social cause national platform 96 establishment of 1236, 1237 of 1152–1154 research programme 1200, 1201 exploring the links between biodi- Disaster and Conflict Early Warning discrimination versity change, ecosystem function- (D/CEW) 1429–1431, 1435, 1436 age factors (elderly, children, and ing and human well-being 1242– Disaster Category Classification for adolescents) 1181–1183 1244 Operational Databases 697 alternative visions to understand and freshwaterBIODIVERSITY 1246 disaster early warning (DEW) combat 1188 Global Invasive Species Programme systems 1430 causes of during disaster 1188 (GISP) 1237, 1246 disaster management 559, 653, 1166, class, caste, and socio-economic Global Mountain Biodiversity As- 1174, 1437 conditions 1177–1179 sessment (GMBA) 1246 climate change and international de- conceptualization of 1170, 1171 Group on Earth Observations Biodi- velopment relationship 1193–1196, definition 1169 versity Observation Network (GEO 1201–1204 different pay in the manufacturing BON) 1239, 1240, 1246, 1247 early warning 1436 sector by sex for comparable HERBIS project 1239 Nigeria 681–687 work 1174 history of science programmes/ disaster mitigation/preparedness 831, gender 1173–1175, 1186 activities 1237, 1238 1435, 1441 HIV/AIDS 1183, 1184 International Mechanism of Scientif- attitudes towards and human lives and wealth ic Expertise on Biodiversity intentions 649 impacts 1185, 1186 (IMoSEB) 1247 conceptual framework for the proc- inequality life expectancy among investigating the socio-economic ess of taking action 648–650, 653 countries 1182 drivers and the sustainable use of evaluation of costs and benefits 649 migrants, and refugees 1179–1181 biodiversity 1244–1246 individual in Istanbul 650–653 perception of and its overall mission and structure 1238, personal/social/environmental manifestations 1188 1239 factors 649 physically handicapped 1183, 1184 programme and related risk of hazard/awareness 648 political and institutional 1171–1173 initiatives 1238 disaster preparedness programme race, ethnicity, religion, sexual Science Plan, 2002 1236, 1238 DIPECHO 1154 orientation 1176 scientific agenda 1238–1248 disaster relief management 1187 social actors involved in maintaining Species 2000 Programme 1237 Disaster Research Centre at Ohio State discriminative behaviour 1188 strengthening the science policy University 108 solutions against during bridge 1246–1248 disaster risk disaster 1188 Djemaa 911 access model 566, 567 typology of 1171–1184 Djibouti 705, 708 conceptual framework and integrat- Disi Aquifer System 436 Doe, Samuel 363, 364 ed approach 111–113 displacement Doha Round 1170, 1356 definition 95 adverse consequence of leading to Dominican Republic 745 extensive 579 vulnerability 632, 633 Douglas, Mary 14 holistic approach 107 definition 626 drought 1193 multi-dimensional concepts and gender perspective 633, 634 agricultural 805 complex strategies/policies 1129– human rights abuse 633, 634 classification/typology 805, 806 1131 human security approach 633, 634 definition 716, 806 potential of crisis 112, 113 policy/history in India 627–635 economic damage 817 theoretical framework and model political process 626–629 Maghreb 387–389 for a holistic approach 115–117, 121 role of the state 628 Middle East and North Africa (ME- urban 552 Dissi Water Conveyance Projects 395 NA) region 511 disaster risk cycle 1114 DIVERSITAS 33, 39, 1206–1208, 1210, most severe, 1900-2008 817 Disaster Risk Index (DRI) 76, 77, 92, 1214, 1216, 1217, 1219, 1225, 1268 natural disaster 697, 698 139, 140, 1416 2010 Biodiversity Indicators number by country 1044 disaster risk management (DRM) 47, Partnership 1241 rising food prices 823 655 agroBIODIVERSITY 1246 Sahel during the 1970’s 807 development strategy 107 bioDISCOVERY 1239–1241 Index 1777 drug trafficking 222, 256, 284, 351, 366, Earth Institute at Columbia Monsoon Asia Integrated Regional 531, 921 University 698 Study (MAIRS) 1211, 1213, 1219 dryland Earth System 738, 1250, 1252, 1266, Open Science Conferences, 2001 afforestation 844–846 1495, 1501, 1503 and 2006 1211, 1213, 1214 alternative livelihoods 835, 842–852 complex coupled system with myri- United Nations Convention on Bio- alternative stable states’ ad feedbacks 1205 logical Diversity (CBD) 1217, 1218 hypothesis 840–842 cycles 1221 United Nations Convention to aquaculture 847–850 dynamics 1208 Combat Desertification Arab world 865 management 1209 (UNCCD) 1218 aridity zones worldwide 381 Earth System Analysis for United Nations Framework Conven- biofuel from forests and Sustainability 1466, 1468 tion on Climate Change plantations 844, 845 Earth System Governance (ESG) 1228 (UNFCCC) 1214, 1217 carbon sequestration 846 Earth System Science (ESS) 39, 1470, Earth Systems Analysis (ESA) 1453, controlled-environment protected 1471, 1475, 1479, 1485, 1494 1466, 1467, 1471, 1475, 1479, 1485 agriculture 846, 847 perspectives on GEC 1465–1469 earthquake definition 379 Earth System Science Partnership Central America 1149, 1150, 1155, desertification paradigm 835– 839, (ESSP) 39, 808, 1200, 1225, 1227, 1156 846 1238, 1251, 1268, 1271, 1467 Columbia 581, 582, 584 development pathways 380 activities/achievements of the four definition 714 economic and social indicators in GEC research programmes 1209– economic costs 581, 582, 584, 1199 developing countries 859 1211 Haiti and Chile, 2010 105 Egypt 863 African Network for Earth System Kobe, 1995 549 firewood production 844 Science (AfricanNESS) 1211 Nevado del Ruíz, 1985 581 generation of solar energy 851, 852 capacity building 1211–1213 Quindío, 1999 581 greenhouse agriculture 846, 847 CGIAR Challenge Program ‘Climate risk management/prediction strate- livelihood paradigm Change, Agriculture and Food Secu- gies in Istanbul 655–667 loss of productivity 853, 861 rity’ 1211 Santiago de los Caballeros, Mexico (Northern region of) 875, collaborative programmes 1211 1773 1147 879, 881, 885–887, 891 establishment of 1206 Earthquake Engineering and Engineer- multiple stable states 841, 842 evaluation and outlook 1219, 1220 ing Seismology meeting, in Skopje, statistics of countries 857 Global Carbon Project (GCP) 1210, 1985 113 strategy for attaining 1219 Earthquakes and Megacities sustainability 852 Global Change System for Analysis, Initiative 554 tourism 851 Research, and Training East African Community (EAC) 950 urban and urban-supported alterna- (START) 1211, 1215, 1219 East Asia, climate change tive livelihoods 850–852 Global Environmental Change and biodiversity 1335, 1336 water harvesting supporting Food Systems (GECAFS) 1210, 1212, coastal areas 1334–1336 afforestation 845 1219 ecological and socio-economic worldwide 865 Global Environmental Change and impacts 1333–1336 Dryland Development Paradigm Human Health (GECHH) 1210, evaluation and outlook 1339, 1340 (DDP) 875, 890 1219 international justice/equity or fair- Drylands Development Centre Global Water System Project ness challenge 1336–1339 (DDC) 1309 (GWSP) 1210, 1219 Eastern Aquifer Systems (EAS) 430, Drylands Science for Development IARU ‘Climate Change global risks 433, 435, 437, 440 (DSD) Consortium 808 challenges and decisions’ Confer- East-West conflict 196, 745 Du Pont/Pioneer 1028 ence in Copenhagen, March eco-geopolitics 1464 Dust Bowl-Syndrome 1110 2009 1211, 1214 ecoHEALTH 1246 integrated regional studies 1211, 1213 ecological geopolitics 1463 E interactions with the international ecological security 118, 259, 307, 311, Early Warning Conference in Bonn, conventions and assessments 1214– 745 2003 and 2006 1444, 1445 1219 ecological stress 937 early warning systems 282, 739 International Project Offices ecological system 841, 842 case studies on people-centred 1438 (IPOs) 1212 oasis 895 networking for climate IPCC 1214–1216 ecological threats 62 change 1434–1436 joint projects 1210, 1212, 1219 ecological vulnerability 1382 process of decision-making and peo- Millennium Development ecology 837, 838 ple-centered 1436–1440 Goals 1218, 1219 economic (definitions/meaning tsunami 1441, 1442, 1445–1449 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment of) 140–142, 152 Earth history 3, 31 (MA) 1216, 1217 1778 Index

economic capital dynamic relationship between a sys- background information 863 natural disaster 1159–1161, 1163–1167 tem (individual) and its climate change 765, 773, 777–788 social development 1160 environment 154 development gains and efforts for Economic Commission for Latin extension of the applications of the poverty reduction 765 America and the Caribbean concept 155, 156 drylands 863, 865 (ECLAC) 138, 582, 698, 1150, 1341, framework of analysis 141 emigration to South European EU 1342, 1345, 1352, 1353 future research issues 156 states 507 Economic Community of West African human security 150–152 environmental challenges 513, 514 States (ECOWAS) 358, 1052, 1053 individuals, households, environmental impact assessment creation of structures to deal with livelihoods 150–152 (EIA) 788 the security challenge of West Least Developed Countries GDP 775, 787 Africa 339, 344, 345, 350, 351 (LDCs) 143, 145, 146 genetic plant resources loss 873 Declaration of a Moratorium on Im- market organizations 148, 149 geographical/economical portation, Exportation, and Manu- meanings of economic 140–142, 152 facts 774–777 facture of Light Weapons in West non-market institutions 149, 150 groundwater and deterioration of Africa, 1998 345, 346 non-state actors 148–152 quality 872, 873 Heads of States 344, 363, 364 proposals of a new approach 152– High Dam 336 Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, 156 Human Development Index Management, Resolution, Peace- resilience of small states 143–145 (HDI) 776 keeping and Security, 1999 345, 350 securitization and economic Human Development Report 775, Mediation and Security Council security 153–155 776 (MSC) 350 Small Island Developing States hydro-electric power 336 mission in Cote d’Ivoire 344, 345 (SIDS) 143–145 Inland Sinai 863 Observation and Monitoring Centre theoretical economic foundations of Joint Programme (JP) on Climate (OMC) 350, 351 the studies 156 Change Risk Management 765 Programme for Coordination and Economic Vulnerability Index Judges’ Club 320 Assistance for Security and Develop- (EVI) 144, 146, 147 land degradation/ ment (PCASED) 346 Economics of Ecosystems and Biodi- desertification 382 Revised Treaty of 1993 345 versity (TEEB) 1244 Ministry for Water Resources and Ir- Small Arms Project 346 ecopolitics 1464, 1472, 1473 rigation (MWRI) 766, 771 summit in Togo, 1997 350 ecosystem Ministry of Agriculture and Land Supplementary Protocol on Democ- aquatic in Bangladesh 973 Reclamation 869 racy and Good Governance, biodiversity change impact 1242– Muslim Brotherhood 331, 333 2001 345 1244 Nasserite Arab Party 316, 333 Economic Community of West African disruption of 98 National Institute for Climate States’ Monitoring Group dynamics and stability 1230–1232 Change 787 (ECOMOG) 344, 345, 350, 363, human intervention 1200 New Wafd Party 333 364 specific vulnerability and climate North Coastal Zone (NCZ) 863, Economic Diversification Index change 794, 795 870 (EDI) 146 traditional oasis 895 nuclear energy policy 337 economic security 118, 124, 125, 129, vulnerability of 794 overgrazing 871–873 137, 140, 141, 148, 149 ecosystem services concept (MA) 23, overpumping of water 873 conceptual limitations of 152, 153 1107, 1111, 1112, 1231, 1232 pollution problems 869 debt relief 158, 159, 162, 173, 174 ecotourism 1079 population development/ external indebtedness as an Ecuador 1343, 1348 growth 426, 498, 774, 777, 863–86 element 158 climate change/natural hazards salinity problems 869 framework of analysis 141 impacts 585– 590, 598 sand encroachment 870, 871 future research issues 156 irrigation systems 1349 sea-level rise 973 securitization and economic native Kichwa communities 1349 soil fertility depletion 869 vulnerability 153–155 security dilemma 307 UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol economic systems 747 Egypt 201, 204, 315, 552, 1419 ratification 492 economic threats 62 agricultural production 497, 502 urbanization 499, 867–869 economic vulnerability 124, 126, 129, agro-ecological zones 865 water erosion 870 138, 139 Al-Tajammu Party 316 water resources 495, 765, 774 conceptual limitations of 152, 153 Al-Wafd Party 316 water share per capita 868 country or state level 142–148 anti-Iraq war protest, 2003 319–321 Western Desert 863 definitions and measures 140–152 aquaculture 849, 850 wind erosion 870 dynamic relationship between a so- aridity index 864 Egypt, desertification cio-economic entity 153 arms control 317 genetic plant resources loss 873 Atomic Energy Agency 318 overgrazing 871–873 Index 1779

overpumping of water 873 environmental degradation 65, 87, 94, ethnocentrism 1176, 1480 policy suggestions for coping 504, 647, 812, 837, 1200 etiology 1490 with 874 environmental governance 542, 543, Eurobarometer poll/survey 183, 221, pollution 869 1368 225, 227–232 population pressure 863–868 environmental impact assessment EUROMARFOR 325 processes and its drivers 868–873 (EIA) 788 Euro-Mediterranean Charter for Peace salinization impact 869 environmental management 860, 1193 and Stability 202 sand encroachment 870, 871 Environmental Performance Index Euro-Mediterranean Climate Change soil fertility depletion 869 (EPI) 535, 1418, 1422–1424, 1417 Framework (EMCCF) 443 traditional knowledge 873, 874 environmental quartet 1501 Euro-Mediterranean conference in Lis- urbanization 868, 869 environmental risk bon, November 2007 203 water erosion 870 analysis 91 Euro-Mediterranean dialogue 205 wind erosion 870 geocentric and anthropocentric Barcelona Process 199, 202, 487, Einstein, Albert 9 approaches 87 503, 515, 516, 524 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 252, 333 environmental security 63, 107, 133, Conference on Security and Cooper- El Niño-Southern Oscillation Phenom- 220, 257, 259, 273, 274, 731, 837, ation in the Mediterranean enon (ENSO) 592, 594, 766, 796, 969, 1481 (CSCM) 202 797, 883, 1070–1072, 1076, 1077, Arab world 335 Euro-Mediterranean Partnership 1230, 1260–1262, 1265, 1295, 1344, concept 758, 762 (EMP) 224, 325, 444, 487, 488, 1346, 1470, 1492 debate on risk 86–88 490, 513 El Salvador 1149 definitions 372, 373, 409 European Neighbourhood Policy climate change/natural hazards human security perspective 101 (ENP) 203, 204 impacts 585, 587, 589, 598 human-centred concept 102, 103 evaluation and future natural disaster 706 issues as new causes of conflicts 98, perspectives 204, 205 population growth 1150–1152 99 Horizon 2020 513, 516 emergency (definition of) 696 Maghreb 389–392 Mediterranean Economic Develop- Emergency Events Database (EM- North Africa 374 ment Assistance (MEDA) I and DAT) of CRED 580, 637, 676, object of securitization 97, 98 II 488 694, 702, 705, 707, 1405 proactive security response relationship phases 490 history of 695 strategies 101, 102 system of civil protection 203 information fields 697 research 814 survival pact 519 methods 696–698 research in the Maghreb 376, 377 Union for the Mediterranean emission trading systems (ETS) 1290 scientific debate 94, 97, 98 (UfM) 199, 202, 203, 487, 488, 490, emigration threats, challenges, vulnerabilities 501, 503, 513, 516–520, 522–524 North Africa 506, 507 and risks implications 94, 97–102, Euro-Mediterranean Ministerial Con- oases of Tafilalet (Morocco) 917– 373 ference on Water at the Dead Sea, 919 environmental stress 737, 745, 748, in Jordan, 2008 438 Employment Vulnerability Index 816, 947 Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EVI) 150 environmental sustainability 952 (EMP) 224, 325, 444, 487, 488, Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) 1239 environmental vulnerability 490, 513 energy consumption definitions and measures 139, 140 Euro-Mediterranean University in China 1370–1373 Environmental Vulnerability Index Slovenia 488 energy security (EVI) 139, 140 European Assembly of Regions 1312 Arab world perception 336–338 eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome European Common Market 925 Ensemble-based predictions of climate (EMS) 1030 European Community Humanitarian changes and their impacts epidemics Office (ECHO) 49, 695, 1154 (ENSEMBLES) 768 number by country 1045 European Food Security entitlement epistemic community 810, 1480 Authority 1039 access, and substitution 1160 epistemology 1490 European foreign policy (EFP) 219 failure social vulnerability 1159, Erdogan, Recep Tayyip 216, 224 European Investment Bank (EIB) 520, 1160, 1162–1166 Eritrea 705, 708 521 theory 125 Errachidia University (Morocco) 902 European Macro-Seismic Scale vulnerability 151 Estonia 192, 197, 223, 301 (EMS) 658 Environment and Conflict Project emissions trading (ET )1374 European Maritime Safety Agency (ENCOP) 749 Ethiopia 1432 (EMSA) 517 Environment and Security Initiative population growth 1440 European Monetary Union (EnvSec) 533 victims of droughts 817 EMU) 1010 environmental conflict 749, 750 ethnic cleansing/violence 321 European Neighbourhood Policy environmental conservation 1194 West Africa 342 (ENP) 203, 204, 224 ethnicity 1176–1178 1780 Index

European Operational Rapid Force Human Security Response international negotiations/ (EUROFOR) 325 Force 732 UNFCCC position 37, 185, 186, 762, European Security and Defence Policy industrial policy 1327 763, 1319, 1328–1331, 1364, 1381, 1384, (ESDP), EU 180, 188–190, 202, Institute of Security Studies 189 1385, 1389, 1391, 1395 203, 325 land degradation and international trade policy European Security Strategy (ESS), desertification 828 implications 1327 EU 37, 66, 199, 204, 512, 515 Lisbon reform/Treaty 183, 184, 189, Multilateral Environmental Agree- aims 220, 221 190, 231, 234 ments (MEAs) 1319 A Secure Europe in a Better World Maastricht Treaty, 1992 220, 1008 National Allocation Plans paper, 2003 179 Mediterranean Solar Plan (NAPs) 1324 fate of 187, 188 (MSP) 518–522 Nationally Appropriate Mitigation future history of 188–190 migration policy 506, 511, 512 Measures (NAMAs) 1329, 1330 global economic cooperation and Political and Security observer of the IPCC 516 handling of social challenges 183 Committee 179 Roadmap process 37 international terrorism 182 Strategic Energy Technology (SET)- strategy target to limit increase to Implementation Paper, 2008 733 Plan 1320, 1321 two degrees celsius 1319–1323, 1329 new internal/external factors of se- targets for the share of energy from technology projects/vision 1327, curity challenges 183–186 renewable sources 1322, 1323 1328 process of creating and vision on technology 1327 threat analysis, March 2008 1497, circumstances 179–181 Water Framework 951, 952, 954 1498 proliferation of weapons of mass de- Water Initiative 513 UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol struction (WMD) 182 European Union (EU), climate change ratification of Southern European risk-/challenge-based policy and EU Mediterranean document 181–183 Action Plan on Climate Change and Countries 489–491 European Space Agency (ESA) 1300 Development, 2004-2008 733, 1328, European Union (EU), Common Agri- European Union (EU) 1378 cultural Policy (EU-CAP) 938, Centre for Disease Prevention and Adaptation and Mitigation Strate- 1008, 1010 Control 517 gies, Supporting European Climate financial, social, and ecological civil protection 517 Policy (ADAM project) 1320 aspects 1007 Commissioner for Agriculture 1009 Clean Development Mechanism France and policies/practices im- common agricultural policy 226 (CDM) 1329 pacts of reforms 1007, 1009, 1010, Constitutional draft/treaty 183, 184, climate change and international se- 1012–1014, 1016, 1017 234 curity (CCIS) recommendations 512 Germany and policies/practices im- Copenhagen criteria 220, 224 Climate Change and International pacts of reforms 1007, 1009–1013, democratization policies 219, 220 Security report, March 2008 37, 1014, 1016, 1017 discrimination 1171 509, 511, 512 novel forms of financial DG Environment 517 competitiveness of industry and car- support 1010 DG External Relations 37, 513 bon leakage 1327–1325 Portugal and policies/practices im- Directive on the assessment and Copenhagen Communication, pacts of reforms 1007, 1013–1017 management of flood risks, 2009 1329, 1330 price subsidies 1008 2007 1403 Council conclusions on climate reforms of 1992 and the practices of Economics of Ecosystems & Biodi- change and security, December politics/subpolitics contributed to versity (TEEB) 1244 2009 38 this process 1007–1018 energy mix policy 1320 developing countries principles/stages of negotiations of enlargement to Central/Eastern relationship 1328, 1329 the reform of 1992 1008–1010 Europe 184, 219, 220, 222, 223 development of international car- Uruguay Round of the world trade environmental policy for the bon markets 1324, 1325 negotiations impacts 1007, 1009, Mediterranean 513 disaster risk reduction (DRR) 1329 1010 European High-Level Group on economic costs of European Union (EU), foreign/securi- Competitiveness, Energy and implementing 1323, 1324, 1325 ty policy Environment 1327 Emissions Trading Scheme (EU Baltic Sea Region Strategy 951–953 European Humanitarian Aid Office ETS) 1319–1325, 1327, 1290 Bosnia and Herzegovina 187, 188 (ECHO) 49, 695, 1154 evaluation and outlook 1331 China 180 European Maritime Safety Agency Facilitative Mechanism for Mitiga- Common Foreign and Security Poli- (EMSA) 517 tion Support 1330 cy (CFSP) 179, 233, 732 genetically modified GHG emission reductions, Cyprus 224, 231 organisms 1024, 1027, 1039 2020 1377, 1397, 1398 diplomatic service 234 High Representative 179, 735 Global Climate Change Alliance domestic political process influence Human Security Doctrine for (GCCA) 1328 and a frame of analysis 219, 221, Europe 732 green diplomacy 101 231–234 Index 1781

enlargement and neighbourhood F Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty 223–231, 234 8 strategies FACE company 1349 (FMCT) 325 252 EUROMARFOR failed states 748 flexible response 1193, 1403 European Neighbourhood Policy Failed States Index (FSI) 1416–1418, flood (ENP) 203, 204, 224 1420–1424 China 637–645 422, European Operational Rapid Force famine climate change and increase of 325 511, 723, 724, 728, 729, 821, 828, 831, (EUROFOR) drought 805 240 832 Finland most severe in history 818 715 Implementation of the European Se- number by country 1044 definition 639 curity Strategy - Providing Security in FAST system 1437, 1439 economic damage costs a Changing World report, Decem- Fatah 201 freshwater flood events with most 2008 37, 509, 512 640 ber federalism 1060 people killed 224, 234 Kosovo War FEMIP Trust 521 international risk management 199– 637 Mediterranean area dialogue Fergana valley 525, 526, 532–534 community 201, 205 637 Fertile Crescent 1019 less developed countries 732 388, 389 Military Rapid Response Force Fez 500, 917, 918 Maghreb 203 1403 Morocco financial security 158 management of risks 190 NATO financial vulnerability 146–148 Middle East and North Africa (ME- 220, 511 New Neighbourhood Policy Fingar, Thomas 35 NA) region 222, 223 638– Finland mitigation measures/strategies 645 Partnership and Cooperation Agree- Agrarian League 239 224 1900 ments (PCAs) Allied Control Commission 238 most important disasters, - 2009 639 Political and Security Committee Communist Party 239 203 678, 680 (PSC) Continuation War (1941- 1944) 238 Nigeria 1044 proliferation of weapons of mass de- EU membership 240 number by country 179, 182, 184, 187, 637 struction (WMD) Ministry of Defence 237, 245 protection 190 643– Ministry of Finance 246 risk management approach 645 promoting democracy as a security Ministry of Foreign Affairs 237, 245 223–226 goal Ministry of Trade and Industry 246 risks and consequences for spatial 219, 221, 222, 1408–1410, 1412, 1413 public opinion impact National Coalition Party 240 planning 225–234 1403–1412 nuclear power 245 risks in Spain 915 public support, and the eastern Finland, defence and security policy system of derivation 226–232, 234 enlargement comprehensive estimation of securi- flood loss redistribution 180, 186, 189, 190, 237, 1321 605–612 Russia ty challenges 236, 242– 246 case of Mumbai 603–605 Strategic Partnership with the Medi- growing power of state 235 natural hazard research terranean and the Middle East NATO membership question 237, Flow Regimes from International Ex- document 204 238, 240, 241, 245– 247 perimental and Network Data Sets 2005 2009 1296 Strategic Objectives - – Eu- Russian threat’ in the language (FRIEND) 2010: rope A Partnership for Euro- game 236–242, 244, 246 Food and Agricultural Organization 46, pean Renewal, Prosperity, Solidarity Soviet Union 237, 238 (FAO) of the United Nations 2005 94 47, 378, 381, 384, 386, 502, 510, 511, and Security, January transformation of the state on the 516, 811, 824, 826, 897, 1050, 1307, Study Group on Europe’s Security basis of new national survival 243 732 1350 Capabilities turn from the concept of security to 184, 224, 234 Turkey politics (of security) 235, 236, 246 agricultural summit in Rome, No- 187 2009 5, 1503 UN cooperation UN peace-keeping and humanitari- vember 187, 189, 190 USA an operations 241 Food Insecurity and Vulnerability In- 2003 179, 180, US invasion of Iraq, White Book of Finnish Defence Pol- formation and Mapping Systems 184 151 icy in 1926 238 (FIVIMS) report 180 151 Western Balkan wars White Book of Finnish Defence Pol- food security approach 223, 224 1020 Yugoslavia conflict icy in 1949 238 Glossary of Biotechnology 1020 evolution theory White Book of Finnish Security and genetically modified organisms 1019 Expert Group on Technology Trans- Defence Policy 2004 240, 242, 243, (GMO) fers (EGTT) 1328 245 food crises (global) 723 95 extensive risk Finnish Business and Policy genetically modified organisms 669, 686, 738, 1019 extreme weather events Forum 240 (GMO) as answer 815, 830 2007 2008 23 Finnish-Soviet treaty on friendship 239 price spike in - 427 417, 853 Palestine first strike attack 747 food insecurity 387–389 Maghreb/North Africa FIRST system 1419, 1420 Food Insecurity and Vulnerability In- formation and Mapping Systems (FIVIMS) report 151 1782 Index

food riots 23 National Centre for the Develop- Gambia 1046 food safety 1026 ment of Farm Structures 1011 Human Development Index 349 food security 24, 34, 118, 150, 510, 511, population growth 498 population growth 1048 721, 757, 809, 833, 1046 Sustainable Development Plans Gandhi Mahatma 1065 biotechnology as threat to (Plans de Développement Durable, Gandhi, Indira 6 biodiversity 1024–1026 PDD) 1011, 1012 Gates, William (Bill) 630 China 957, 1369, 1370 UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol Gates, Robert 323, 324 Inter-States Committee for the Fight ratification 489, 491 Gaza Coastal Aquifer System against Drought in the Sahel US invasion of Iraq, 2003 179 (GCAS) 424, 427, 431, 433, 436 (CILSS) 1047–1053 water resources 495 Gaza Strip 318, 319, 409–412, 414, 417, climate change 407, 422, 510, 511, France-Afrique Summit in Bamako 418, 421, 426–428, 436, 443, 444, 722, 723, 728, 729, 758 (Mali), December 2005 365 453, 468 cornucopian model/ Francophone 357 Hamastan 201 response 1020–1029, 1036 Frankfurt School 1489 Gaziantep 500 decline is projected by 2020 817 Free University of Amsterdam 1477 gender ethical approach responding to Free University of Berlin 84 discrimination 1173–1175, 1186 growing food demand 1035–1039 freedom from fear 103, 104, 150, 355, displacement impacts 633, 634 FAO approach 151 372, 758, 1184, 1185, 1223 Gender Equity Index (GEI) 829 global 502, 723 freedom from hazard impact 102–104, gender inequity 1081 Mediterranean region and climate 106, 150, 355, 372, 389, 758, 1184, gender insecurity 1185 change impacts 503 1185, 1478 gender security 810 food sovereignty 1019, 1027, 1036– freedom from threats 340 gene bank 1038, 1039 1038, 1040 freedom from want 102–104, 150, 355, Gene Watch UK 1024 Force Event Responses (FER) 372, 758, 389, 1184, 1185, 1223 General Agreement on Tariffs and model 595, 596 freedom to live in dignity 103, 104, 355 Trade (GATT) 1009, 1360 forced migration 99 French Revolution, 1789 31 general circulation models types of 503, 504 French school 1105, 1106 (GCMs) 1074, 1075 foreign direct investments (FDI) 215 freshwaterBIODIVERSITY 1246 General Convention on International foreign policy Friends of Human Security (FHS) 423 Terrorism 202 domestic sources of 1382, 1383 Friends of the Earth – Middle East Genetic use restriction technologies Foreign Policy and Fund for (FoEME) 439 (GURT) 1040 Peace 1416 Fu’ad, Hisham 318 genetically modified organisms/prod- Forest Carbon Partnership Facility Fukuda, Yasuo 1387, 1389 ucts (GMO/P) (FCPF) of World Bank 1307 Fukuyama, Francis 5 common biological threats 1027 Former Salafista Group for Liberation functional security 180, 185, 188 commercial productions 1022–1024 and Combat 933 futurology 1490 developing countries GM crops im- former Soviet Union (FSU) 280 ply multiple risk factors 1036, 1037 Forum of Global Associations of Re- G economic impacts 1027, 1028 gions (FOGAR) 1312 G-7 effects on the environment and Foucault, Michel 14, 83 Cologne summit, 1999 165 health and regulatory Foundation for Strategic Environmen- Lyon summit, 1996 165 processes 1019 tal Research (Mistra) 132 Toronto summit, 1988 164 eradication of famine in the world Fourth Green Revolution (alternative G-8 34, 332, 1305, 1342, 1389, 1397 1026 vision) 524 Gleneagles (UK) summit, 2006 165 ethical approach to the threats and change in culture 1490 Heiligendamm (Germany) summit, risks of 1035–1039 governance concept 1490, 1491 2007 720, 1388 European Union (EU) 1024, 1027, key concepts 1488–1491 L’Aquila (Italy), July 2009 1331 1039 mindset concept 1490 Toyako Summit 1389 evaluation and suggestions 1039– radical change in culture 1489 G20 1357, 1358, 1365 1041 worldview concept 1490 London summit, April 2009 173 gene banks and labelling 1038, 1039 fragile states 754 G77 1355, 1358, 1359, 1363, 1365, 1374, Genetic use restriction technologies France 183, 184, 204, 745, 1023 1376 1394, 1499 (GURT) 1040 agricultural practices/policy 502, gabionnage 915 global food production 1007, 1009, 1010, 1012–1014, 1016, Gadaffi, Muammar 342 challenges 1005, 1006 1017 Gaia hypothesis 1453, 1468, 1469, 1475 GMO maize for Mexico risks 1032– climate change policy 763 Galle (Sri Lanka) 1120, 1121, 1123, 1124 1035, 1040 migrants from North Africa 507, 855 1130–1141, 1447, 1449 health security threats 1030–1032 Ministry of Agriculture 1011, 1012 history of evolution 1020 Ministry of Environment 1012 intellectual property rights (IPR) 1028, 1029, 1038, 1039 Index 1783

Jordan 405–407 Georgia-South Ossetia conflict 287 global climate change (GCC), see glo- mutagenesis and natural breeding geosciences 1455 bal environmental change (GEC) techniques 1021 geostrategy 1453, 1458, 1475 and climate change obligations for cooperation between German Advisory Council on Global Global Climate Change Alliance industrialized and developing Change (WBGU) 72, 720, 735, (GCCA) 1328 countries 1037, 1038, 1040 749, 818, 831 Global Climate Information pollution, accidents, and collateral Climate Change as a Security Risk System 1269 effects in the world 1025, 1026, report 422, 509, 510, 821, 1464 Global Climate Model (GCM) 766– 1031, 1040 syndrome concept 1107, 1109–1112 769, 771 risks mitigation strategies 1038, 1039 German Agro-Action 1154 Global Climate Observing System seeds price/market 1028, 1030 German Technical Agency (GTZ) 1155 (GCOS) 1215, 1262, 1265, 1268, technology/techniques 1021, 1022 Germany 1269, 1294 transnational transgenic Agricultural Act (Landwirtschaftsge- Global Commission on International enterprises 1026–1029 setz), 1955 1013 Migration (GCIM) 505, 820 types of 1020 agricultural practices/policy 1007, Global Coral Reef Monitoring Geneva Convention of 1949 428, 437 1009, 1010, 1013, 1014, 1016, 1017 Network 1295 geoecology 1453 development ministry (BMZ) 809 Global Cryospheric Watch 1269 concept/framework of Elbe flood, 2002 517, 640 global disaster database 579, 694, 698, thinking 1454–1457 Environment Ministry (BMU) 518, 699 definition 1454, 1455 521, 1244 Global Drought Monitor 806 Germany 1454, 1455 foreign ministry (AA) 809 Global Earth Observation System of human and social ecology reunification 1013 Systems (GEOSS) 1262, 1266, 1295 interlink 1465 transgenic technologies use 1023 global economic/financial crisis, human dimension 1456 urbanization 675 2008 - 2010 1483, 1493 Latin America 1455, 1456 US invasion of Iraq, 2003 179 economic security 147 political approach 1455–1457 gerrymandering 470 low-income countries (LICs) shortcoming of the multiple Ghana 673 impact 171–173 approaches 1474, 1475 Human Development Index 349 reforms of financial system geoeconomy 1453 Small Arms Commission 345 1494 Geographic Information System urbanization 675 Global Energy and Water Cycle Exper- (GIS) 682, 773, 781–783, 829, 999, violent conflict/civil war 339, 341– iment (GEWEX) project 1262, 1001, 1241, 1436 343, 345 1264 Digital Elevation Model 1410 ghetto 1171 Global Environment Facility Iullemeden Aquifer System Giddens, Anthony 81–83, 85, 86, 108 (GEF) 753, 809, 826, 857, 858, 860, (IAS) 1001, 1002, 1004 GINI index 829 1297, 1306, 1307, 1309, 1328, 1338, Geological and Mining Institute of Global Agricultural Commons 27, 28 1350, 1377, 1378, 1491 Spain (IGME) 1405 global agrofood system 1005 Small Grants Programme 1309 Geomorphologic Unit Hydrograph Common Agricultural Policy of the Global Environmental and Human Se- (GUH) 1410 European Union (EU) 1007 curity Handbook for the Anthro- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Global Assessment of Human Induced pocene (GEHSHA) 31, 33, 47, 60 Laboratory 1075 Soil Degradation (GLASOD) 76, global environmental change geophysical hazard 106 807 (GEC) 853, 855, 860, 1246, 1271 geopolitics 313, 1453 Global Assessment of Land Degrada- adaptation strategies/ combination of ecological anthro- tion and Improvement (GLADA) approaches 41, 44–46 pology with 1474 Land Degradation in Drylands Amsterdam Declaration on Global contemporary discourses of programme 807 Change 1208, 1209 critical 1462, 1463 Global Biodiversity Assessment 1237 anthropogenic drivers/human- distinction to ecopolitics 1472 Global Carbon Project (GCP) 1210, induced 32, 816, 1091 environment impact 1463–1465 1219, 1225 approaches/schools 43, 44 France 1460, 1461 Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosys- business-as-usual cornucopian Germany 1458, 1459, 1461, 1462 tems (GCTE) 1224 perspective 1487, 1488, 1492, 1495, Great Britain 1459 Global Change in Mountain Regions 1501 Italy 1458, 1461, 1462 (GLOCHAMORE) 1300 Central Asia impact on stability and Latin America 1462 Global Change of the Water Cycle security 525, 526 phases of thinking 1458–1460 (GLOWA) 436 challenges of the traditional 1472 Global Change System for Analysis, Anthropocene 1454–1457 USA 1459 Research, and Training climate change community 43, 44, géopolitique (French) 1458, 1463 (START) 1211, 1215, 1219 46 Georgia 184, 195, 214, 288 global circulation models competencies and responsibilities of Georgia-Abkhazia conflict 287 (GCMs) 779, 883 state and international bodies 52 1784 Index

global environmental change (GEC) securitization of 34, 43 Global Survey of Early Warning COP 15 failure and the Copenhagen security implications 1499–1502 Systems 1444 Accord 1498–1500, 1503 security in the ecological Global Sustainable Energy Islands Initi- deficient governance processes 1501 discourse 1469–1471 ative (GSEII) 1350 different coping strategies 1487, short-term interest-driven global sustainable transformation 1488 opposition 1500 vision 1492–1503 disaster risk reduction (DRR) and social sciences approaches 40 Global Taxonomy Initiative hazard-related research social repercussions 1493 (GTI) 1237 approach 43–47 stages of addressing 33–38 Global Terrestrial Observing System Earth System Science structures for research 1206–1209, (GTOS) 1295 perspectives 1465–1469 1219, 1220 Global Trends 2015/2025 825 ‘geo’ approaches to the spatial ef- support level for responses 1307 global warming see climate change fects of 1458–1465 sustainable development research Global Water Partnership (GWP) 808, global sustainable transformation community 43–46 952 vision 1492–1503 threats analysis 1495–1498 Global Water System Project horizontal cooperation among min- vulnerability, resilience and adaptive (GWSP) 1210, 1219, 1225 istries and international capacity conceptual linkages 1056, Global Zero group 8 organizations 51 1057 globalization 26, 31, 81, 84, 146, 208, human dimensions research 1221, Global Environmental Change and 209, 215, 286, 313, 626, 731, 886, 1222, 1233 Food Systems (GECAFS) 1210, 1223, 1463, 1470 interdisciplinary and integrated 1212, 1219, 1225 challenges after the end of the cold approach 1193–1204 Global Environmental Change and war 307 mental obstacles due to old world- Human Health (GECHH) 1210, role of culture 1489 views and mindsets 1499–1501 1219, 1225 Global Invasive Species Programme measures and means analysis 1502, Global Environmental Change and (GISP) 1237 1503 Human Security (GECHS) 40, Gobi Desert 705, 855 Mexico (Northern region of) 881– 103, 1223, 1225, 1227 good governance 220, 620, 1058 891 Global Environmental Outlook (GEO) Bangladesh 978–981 mitigation strategies/ reports of UNEP 1109, 1111, 1112, participatory approach 980 approaches 42, 44 1116 theories of social capital and social modes for coping with 40–47 global environmental risk 86 networks as inputs 980 multidisciplinary scientific field of global food crisis 217 Gorbachev, Michail 63, 281, 282 study since the 1970’s 806 global food security 723 Gore, Al 720, 1259 natural hazards and societal disas- global governance 86, 719, 755, 1490 governance 550, 1317, 1501 ters focus approach 40 Global Hunger Index (GHI) 818, 819 climate change impact 1057–1060 natural science approaches 39, 40 global hydrological cycle 1296 cross-scale interaction between physical process of degradation of Global Invasive Species Programme institutions 1059 natural resources 854 (GISP) 1246 federalism and multi-level in policy strategies for coping Global Land Project (GLP) 1224, 1225, India 1060–1062 with 1495–1503 1253 global 86, 719, 755, 1490 political dimensions of nature-hu- Global Mechanisms for Sustainable multiple levels 1058–1060 man interactions on the security Land Development 826 Multi-level governance (MLG) 1059, dangers 1481 Global Ministerial Environment Fo- 1060 politicization/development of a new rum (GMEF) 1476 top-down/bottom-up major policy field of international Global Mountain Biodiversity Assess- approach 1055 (environment) policy 34, 42, 43 ment (GMBA) 1246 Grachev, Pavel 278 proactive strategies for coping Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics GRASS software 1410 with 1503 (GLOBEC) 1253, 1255, 1295 grassroots movement/ proactive security response Global Ocean Observing System community 830, 1050 strategies 101, 102 (GOOS) 1265, 1294 GRAVITY-Team of UNEP 75, 76, 91– research challenges 1250, 1251 Global Resource Information Data- 93 resilience building protection, em- base (GRID) 91 Great Depression of 1929 5, 747 powerment strategies/ global risk Greater Middle East 251, 259, 332 approaches 46, 47 de-localization 12 Greece 202, 1420 scientific dialogue among the epis- incalculableness 12 agricultural production 502 temic communities on global non-compensatibility 12 migrants from North Africa 507 change, security and disaster 47–51 unpredictable and impersonal force population growth 498 scientization of/emergence as a new in the contemporary world 13, 14 UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol interdisciplinary scientific field 33, Global Sea Level Observing ratification 489, 491 34, 42, 1205, 1206, 1491 System 1294 water resources 495 Index 1785

Greece-Turkey conflict 508, 509 Guinea 997 geophysical 1193 rapprochement since 1999 200 Human Development Index 349 mitigation 553, 554 green economy 1485 population growth 1048 integrated and interdisciplinary green industries 1382 Guinea-Bissau 1046, 1047 occurrence probability 92 green revolution 25, 1020, 1021, 1038 Human Development Index 349 research 1200, 1201 greenhouse gas (GHG) 4, 1207, 1221, population growth 1048 research community 126 1273, 1283, 1285, 1286, 1288, 1290, ratio of official government’s in- research debate on risk 88–93 1322, 1341, 1351, 1381, 1383, 1384, come to income from development risk and vulnerability 1386, 1388, 1389 aid (ODA) 359 relationship 89–92 emissions reduction 1284–1290 violent conflict/civil war 339, 342– vulnerability, resilience and adaptive greenhouse effect 847 344, 350, 362 capacity conceptual linkages 1056, greenhouse technology 829 Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) 1057 Greenland 737 states 315, 318–321, 324, 329, 334 Health Belief Model 648 Greenpeace 42, 1024 Confidence Building Measures health security 34. 824, 833 Grenada 706 (CBMs) 322, 323 climate change impact 404–406 grey water foreign labour 335, 338 genetically modified organisms agriculture in the Jerash Refugee Electricity Grid Authority 337 (GMO) threats 1030–1032 Camp 401 hard security dilemmas and heat stress as risk 1092, 1093 management strategies 400 approaches 323 megacity 613 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Iran 323 Palestine and climate change Changjiang River Basin (China) 641 nuclear energy policy 337 impact 427, 428 China 962, 1278 Gulf Forum for Regional Security 322 water quantity and quality climate change 1278, 1289, 1394– Gulf Research Center (GRC) 322 impact 397–404 1398 Gulf Stream 1492 Health Warning Systems debt relief 166, 167, 170, 171 Gulf Weapons of Mass Destruction (HHWS) 1093 desertification 858 Free Zone (GWMDFZ) 322 heat stress/heat wave Economic Vulnerability Index Guyana 1348 Budapest 1095–1099 (EVI) 146 Europe, summer 2003 1092, 1093 earthquakes 1199 H health impact in urban areas 1092, Egypt 775, 787 Habermas, Jürgen 83, 1006 1093, 1095–1099 external debt service as a share Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction Heavily Indebted Poor Countries of 161, 163, 164 and Research 1075, 1313 (HIPC) indicator 1420, 1423, 1426 Hague Convention, 1907 428, 437, debt crisis 157, 158, 160, 161, 163–171, India 1063 465 173–175 Mexico 1352 Haider, Khalil 316 debt service 171 Palestine 424 Haihe River Basin 962 economic growth and poverty Russia 292, 293 Haiti 552 effects 168–171, 174 Sahel 1047 Häkämies, Jyri 241, 242 evaluation 173–175 small disasters 582, 583 Halonen, Tarja 246, 247 poverty-reducing expenditures Sri Lanka 1136 hamadas 904 (PRE) 170, 171 Gross Value Added (GVA) 934 Hamas 200, 201, 318, 319, 323, 329 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 1359 Grotian approach/vision 1482 Hamburg ClimateCampus 50 Heidegger, Martin 79 grounding security 811 Harrisburg (Three Mile Island) nuclear Heidelberg Conflict Barometer 749 groundwater reactor accident, 1979 7, 81 Heidelberg Institute für Internationale China 966 Harvard Humanitarian Initiative Konfliktforschung (HIIK) 821 deterioration of quality in (HHI), 695 Helsinki Convention on the Protection Egypt 872, 873 Hassan Addakhil Dam 909 of the Marine Environment of the Groundwater for Emergency Situa- Hassan Bin Talal, Prince of Baltic Sea (HELCOM) 951 tions (GWES) 1296 Jordan 328, 397, 444, 518, 830 Hema system 874 Groundwater Resources Assessment Hatoyama, Yukio 1381, 1391, 1398 heterarchy 1056 under the Pressures of Humanity Haushofer, Karl 1459, 1461 Hezbollah 200, 323, 329, 334 and Climate Change 1296 Hazan, Ya’akov 475 High Dam (Nile river) 783, 869, 871 Group on Earth Observations Biodi- hazard (see also natural hazard) highly-enriched uranium 7 versity Observation Network climate change impacts for Central high-voltage direct currents (GEO BON) 1239, 1240, 1246, America 1157 (HVDC) 518 1247 definitions/concept of 130, 131, 693 Himalayan region/glaciers 726, 1063, Guatemala 1149, 1152, 1343 development research and policy 1369, 1482 earthquake, 1976 1155 community 77, 78 Hinduism 1178 population growth 1150–1152 early warning systems 1155 Hiroshima 8 1786 Index

Historical (Mandate) Palestine human security 65, 99, 107, 115, 174, Hyderabad, India 625, 628–631, 633 (HP) 424–426, 433, 436–438 235, 258, 311, 338, 418, 525, 535, 538, hydraulic societies 899 history of structures (Braudel) 1457 605, 680, 726, 731, 752, 810, 832, hydrological cycle HIV/AIDS 44, 103, 139, 257, 261, 731, 1223, 1296, 1478, 1493 climate change impact 447, 448 858, 1026, 1183, 1184, 1219, 1304, climate change 46, 423, 721, 745 hydrological drought 805 1417, 1418 concept 102, 150, 199, 758 Hydrology for Environment, Life and West Africa 339, 341 concept used by UNDP 102 Policy (HELP) 1296 women’ health and social life in debt relief in low-income hydro-meteorological hazard 99, 101, Coatlán del Río (Mexico, state of countries 158, 159, 162, 165, 170–175 106, 485 Morelos) 1081–1089 definitions 199, 355 hydropower 1372, 1373 Hizbullah 209, 318, 319 displacement 633, 634 Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) Hizb-ut Tahrir 209 economic vulnerability 150–152 2005-2015 93, 94, 694 Hobbes, Thomas 250, 1453 environmental dimension 105 hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Hobbesian approach/worldview 40, global 1303 (HPA) 1182 105, 238, 244, 272, 273, 314, 744, health dimension 613 1453, 1454, 1462, 1471, 1482, 1487, Maghreb 392 I 1492, 1495, 1500, 1501 militarization 235 I = PAT formula (Impact = population Hoechst 1028 threats, challenges, vulnerabilities – affluence – technology) 88, 736 Holocene 31, 61, 1257 and risks, implications 102–104 imperialism 1007 Holst, Johan Jørgen 94 UNDP approach/initiatives 102, Important Bird Area (IBA) 1244 homo donans 1186 731, 1303 Index of Human Insecurity 1416 homosexuality 1184 water degradation as a India 183, 629, 630, 724, 976, 977, Homs 500 challenge 396, 397, 407 1369, 1389 Honduras 745, 1023, 1149, 1343, 1349 West Africa 354, 355, 362 Adarsh Gaon Yojana (AGY) 1062 natural disaster 706 Human Security Network (HSN) 101, agricultural sector/policy 1063– population growth 1150–1152 355, 423, 824 1065 Hong Kong 1336 Human System 1501 Akali Dal’s dominance in the Horizon 2020 513, 516 human trafficking 1180 Punjab 6 Houphouét-Boigny, Félix 364 human vulnerability 693, 737 Andhra Pradesh Industrial and In- household sustainability 555, 556 climate change/natural disaster in vestment Corporation Hu Jintao 1375 cities 549 (APIICL) 630 Huaihe River 961 definition 549 Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 629 Human and Environmental Security human welfare 99 caste system 1178 and Peace (HESP) 175 human well-being concept (MA) 1107, Central Finance Commission Human Development Index 1111, 1112 (CFC) 1061 (HDI) 378, 829, 1137, 1357 Human, Gender and Environmental Central Government 1061 climate change 1394, 1395 Security (HUGE) 152, 175, 810, concerted action at different scales Egypt 776 826, 1187 of governance 1055 indicator system 1416 humanitarian intervention 65 constitution 633, 1178 Maghreb 378 Hume, David 1432 decentralization and local West Africa 349, 358 Hungary 761 (see also Budapest) governance 1060–1062 women’s participation in politics Central Statistical Office 1095 displacement policy 627–635 correlation 1174, 1175 Huntington, Samuel 1473 Eleventh Five Year Plan (FYP), 2007- Human Development Report Hurd, Douglas 8 2012 1062, 1063, 1065 (HDR) 831, 856, 1304, 1305 hurricane famines 818 climate change 720 Central America 1149, 1150, 1154, federalism and multi-level Egypt 775, 776 1155, 1156 governance 1060–1062 human ecology 112, 559, 1456, 1465 Latin America 592 Forest Department and Revenue concept of 1109 Hurricane Disaster Risk Index Department 1063 holistic approach 1456 (HDRI) 140 GDP 1063 human insecurity 103, 1430 Hurricane Katrina, August 2005 13, genetically modified Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 1081 105, 724, 725, 733, 748, 1103, 1114, organisms 1027 Human Poverty Index 840 1159, 1167, 1172, 1177, 1182, 1199 Greater Hyderabad Municipal human rights 396, 613, 1176 places of displacement 1164 Corporation 629 abuse and displacement 633, 634 social capital 1164, 1165 Ideal Village Programme 1062 climate change impact 730 Hurricane Mitch, 1998 554, 592, 1149, Indra Reddy Nagar resettlement violations in West Africa 367 1150, 1154, 1156 colony 634 Human Rights Commitment Hurricane Stan 1172, 1182 Index 1416 Hurricane Wilma 1172 Human Rights Watch 348, 365 Hussein, King of Jordan 475 Index 1787

Information and Technology (IT) indicator system Integrated Water Resource Manage- park at Cyberabad in choice of the right 1421–1424 ment (IWRM) 977 Hyderabad 630 communicating conflict risk 1416– China 963 International Airport Project in 1425 evaluation/outlook 954, 955 Hyderabad 630, 632 correct data 1424 critique 952, 953 Joint Forest Management (JFM) natural environment 1417 preferred approach to manage programme 1063 quality of institution 1416, 1417 water 947 Land Acquisition Act 627, 628 reducing the risk of violent Regional Economic Community multiple diversities and cultures 625 conflict 1415, 1416, 1425, 1426 (REC) 950, 954, 955 Municipal Corporation of Hydera- socio-economic development 1417 Integrated Watershed and Coastal bad (MCH) 630 sustainable development 1419–1421 Area Management (IWCAM) National Campaign for Dalit Hu- strawman’ framework 1416–1425 project 1350 man Rights (NCDHR) 1178 Indicators of Disaster Risk and Risk Integration and Modelling of the Earth National Congress Party 629 Management 140 System (AIMES) 1253, 1255 Outer Ring Road (ORR) individual self-defence 65 intellectual property rights (IPR) 1028, project 630 Indonesia 552, 1335 1029, 1038, 1039 population growth 1182, 1183 sea-level rise 973 intensive risk 96 population growth in the Thar tsunamis impact 1441, 1442, 1445, Interstate Commission for Water Co- Desert (Western Rajasthan) 985, 1449 ordination (ICWC), Central 996 Industrial Revolution 1295, 1337 Asia 529 resettlement and rehabilitation industrial sewage 969 Inter-American Development Bank (R&R) process 627, 633 Industrial Transformation (IT) 1223, (IADB) 117, 138, 165 Shamshabad International Airport 1224, 1225, 1227 Programme of Disaster Risk Man- Land Loser’s Welfare Association International Human Dimensions agement Indicators of the Institute (SIALLWEL) 632 Programme on Global Environmen- of Environmental Studies 578 structure of multi-level tal Change (IHDP) 1223–1225, 1227 Inter-American Institute for Global government 1061 innovative risk assessment 1479 Change Research (IAI) 578, 1217, Telugu Desam Party (TDP 629 Institut de Veille Sanitaire 1265 transgenic technologies use 1023 (INVS) 1094 Inter-Governmental Authority on De- tribal Iruars in the Cuddalore Institute for International and Europe- velopment (IGAD) 1431, 1432, district 1176 an Environmental Policy 749 1436, 1440 tsunamis impact 1445, 1446, 1449 Institute for Security Studies (ISS) 732 Intergovernmental Oceanographic victims of droughts 817 Institute for Social-Ecological Research Commission (IOC) 1261, 1294, water resources 1062, 1064 in Frankfurt 1104 1295, 1297, 1301 water resources crisis in the Thar Institute of Environmental Studies Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Desert (Rajasthan) 983–987 (IDEA) 117 Change (IPCC) 5, 7, 388, 405, 421, water, wastewater, sewerage risks/ Institutional Dimensions of Global En- 449, 485, 488, 516, 585, 586, 595, policy in Delhi 613–623 vironmental Change 726, 735, 762, 763, 808, 810, 986, India, climate change impacts/policy (IDGEC) 1223, 1225, 1228 1017, 1116, 1207, 1217, 1218, 1247, agriculture sector adaptation 1063– Integrated Coastal Zone Management 1257, 1261, 1263, 1264, 1269, 1294, 1065 (ICZM) 787, 788, 951 1305, 1337, 1389, 1429, 1479, 1482 Council on Climate Change 1063 Integrated Global Observing A1B scenario 771 ecological and socio-economic Strategy 1295 Assessments of Impacts and Adapta- impacts 1338 Integrated Land Ecosystem-Atmos- tions to Climate Change forestry sector adaptation 1063 phere Processes Study (AIACC) 1215 information and communication (iLEAPS) 1253 assessment of the regional impacts technologies (ICTs) 1064 Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry of climate change 1333, 1334 international negotiations 1355, 1363 and Ecosystem Research assessment reports 41, 516, 1091, National Action Plan on Climate (IMBER) 1253 1092, 1264 Change (NAPCC) 1063 Integrated Research on Disaster Risk business as usual scenario 3 National Communication (NAT- (IRDR) 1193, 1200, 1201 climate change scenarios 941, 943 COM) to UNFCCC 986. 1062 Integrated Risk Governance establishment 1988 42 opportunities and challenges for (IRG) 1228 Fifth Assessment 1268 governance 1062–1065 integrated solar combined cycle Fourth Assessment Report sea-level rise 973 (ISCC) power station 522 (AR4) 72, 373, 492, 494, 495, 526, sectoral impacts 1062, 1063 Integrated Territorial Climate Plans 733, 765, 814, 935, 970, 1075, 1091, UNFCCC negotiations 1500 (ITCP) 1312 1214, 1215, 1264, 1268, 1271, 1273, water resources management 1064 Integrated Urban Water Modelling 1277, 1278, 1283, 1286, 1287, 1290, and Management under Specific 1319, 1334, 1346, 1348, 1368, 1395, 1397 Climates 1296 1788 Index

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate General Assembly (29th) 1200 Global Change and the Earth Sys- Change (IPCC) Human-induced Hazards Research tem study 1467 impacts, adaptation, and vulnerabili- Programme 1200 Integrated Earth System’ concept ty (IAV) 1215 Integrated Research on Disaster 1467 integrated assessment modelling Risk (IRDR) 1193, 1200, 1201 marine ecosystem dynamics and 1255 (IAM) 1215 Panel on the Priority Area Assess- fisheries management 1255, meeting in Budapest, Hungary in ment on Environment and its Rela- nitrogen and sustainability 1256 April 2008 1215 tion to Sustainable Development, 1254 Nobel Peace Prize, 2007 720, 1259 2004 1200 products 1251–1256 sea-level rise 773, 779 International Country Risk Guide scientific strategy 1252–1254 second assessment report (SAR), (ICRG) 1416 structure of projects 1255 1995 781 International Court of Justice synthesis series books Special Report on Emission Scenari- (ICJ) 299, 413, 428, 429 International Global Atmospheric 1253 os (SRES) 1284, 1285 International Decade for Drinking Wa- Chemistry (IGAC) summary for policy-makers 1283 ter and Sanitation 1002 International Human Dimensions Pro- Synthesis Report, 2007 492, 493, International Decade for Natural Dis- gramme on Global Environmental 33, 39, 103, 1206– 494, 496 aster Reduction (IDNDR), 1990- Change (IHDP) 1208, 1210, 1212, 1214, 1215, 1217– Task Group on Data and Scenario 1999 90, 108, 1154, 1156 1219, 1238, 1265, 1268, 1466 Support for Impact and Climate As- international development sessment (TGICA) 1074 disaster management and climate Bonn Dialogues on Global Environ- 2007 1233 The Regional Impacts of Climate change relationship 1193–1196, mental Change, 1233 Change: An Assessment of Vulnera- 1201–1204 capacity development bility, 1998 71 disaster reduction and goals of 1199 cross-cutting research areas and 1228–1232 Third Assessment (TAR), 2001 71, natural hazards impact 1198, 1199 approaches 1228, 1229 494, 781, 1091, 1274, 1278 International Development Associa- cube Working Groups 71, 126, 516, 720 tion (IDA) 164, 165, 171 Earth System Governance 1228, 1477 Working Group I 42, 685, 1070, International Emissions Trading (ESG) 1264, 1271, 1278, 1279, 1334, 1387 Schemes (IETS) 1375 ecosystem change, vulnerability, and 1229–1232 Working Group II 41, 72, 494, 496, International Energy Agency (IEA) 47, resilience 815, 1214–1216, 1387 1321 establishing the programme (first 1222–1225 Working Group III 41, 43, 1395 World Energy Outlook 1328, 1370, decade) 1996 1222 Intergovernmental Science-Policy Plat- 1371 establishment, form on Biodiversity and Ecosys- International Federation of the Red Global Change and Terrestrial Eco- 1224 tem Services (IPBES) 1247 Cross (IFRC) 49, 74, 695, 1122, systems (GCTE) internal displacements 503 1155 Global Environmental Change and 1223, internal renewable surface water International Financial Institutions Human Security (GECHS) 1225, 1227 (IRSW) 384, 386 (IFIs) 682, 1310 1224, internally displaced persons international food market 855 Global Land Project (GLP) 1225 (IDP) 1181, 1417 International Fund for Agricultural De- International Alliance of Research Uni- velopment (IFAD) 824, 916 Human Dimensions Science 1226, 1233 versities (IARU) 1214 International Fund for Saving the Aral approach International Association for the Study Sea (IFAS) 529 innovative science (second 1225, 1226 of Forced Migration (IASFM) 503 International Geosciences Programme decade) International Association of Francoph- (IGCP) 1298, 1301 Institutional Dimensions of Global one Regions 1312 International Geosphere-Biosphere Environmental Change 1223, 1225, 1228 International Atomic Energy Agency Programme (IGBP) 33, 39, 1206– (IDGEC) (IAEA) 6, 318, 324, 337, 1295 1210, 1212, 1214, 1215, 1218, 1219, Integrated Risk Governance 1228 voluntary Additional Protocol 7 1223, 1225, 1237, 1238, 1262, 1264, (IRG) International Commission for Nuclear 1265, 1268, 1269, 1465, 1469 Land Ocean Interactions in the Non-proliferation and Disarma- Analysis, Integration and Modelling Coastal Zone Project 1224, 1253, 1254 ment (ICNND) 8 of the Earth System (AIMES) (LOICZ) International Conference on Water project 1215 Land-Use and Land-Cover Change 1223–1225 and the Environment in Dublin, applied earth system science 1254– (LUCC) 1992 1256, 1467 mission and structure 1226, 1227, 1233 The Dublin Statements on Water broad scientific base 1250, 1251 1227 and Sustainable Development 952, Cape Town Declaration, 2008 1256 programmatic structure 976, 977 Challenges of a Changing Earth Glo- results of the four initial core 1225 International Council for Science bal Change, 1991 1208 projects (ICSU) 1208, 1225, 1237, 1256, 1257, future directions 1256 Science-Policy Dialogue 1261, 1297 Workshops 1233 Index 1789

science-policy interaction 1233 International Renewable Energy Agen- Early Warning and Agricultural Pro- scientific agenda 1226–1232 cy (IRENA) 521 ductions Forecasting (AP3A) 1049 Scientific Committee (SC) 1225, International Research Institute for Food Aid Charter 1051 1227 Climate and Society (IRI) 698 Food Crisis Prevention Strategic Plan, 2007 1225, 1226 international risk policy concept 84 Network 1051 synthesis projects and new core re- international risk society 40 food security 1047–1053 search themes 1227, 1228 International Security Assistance Force Land Use and Land Cover Urbanization and Global Environ- (ISAF) in Afghanistan 183, 194 Project 1050, 1051 mental Change (UGEC) 1224 international security studies (ISS) 63, locust control support 1050 International Human Dimensions 83–85 mandate and objectives of sustaina- Workshops (IHDW) 1225, 1233 International Service for the Acquisi- ble development 1048, 1049 International Hydrologic Programme tion of Agri-Biotech Applications member states 1046–1048 Project (IHP) 448, 1296, 1298, 1301 (ISAAA) 1023 Permanent Diagnosis International Institute for Applied Sys- International Social Sciences Council (DIAPER) 1049 tems Analysis (IIASA) in (ISSC) 1200, 1225 Plan de Restructuration et de Re- Laxenburg 1365 International Soil Reference and Infor- lance Durable 1048 International Institute for Environ- mation Centre (ISRIC) 807 Regional Project for the Prevention ment and Development 669 International Solidarity Conference on and Management of Food Crises in International Institute for Strategic Climate Change Strategies for the the Sahel (PREGEC) 1051 Studies (IISS) 47 African and Mediterranean Re- Sahel Institute, Bamako (Mali) 1050 International Institute for Sustainable gions in Tunis, November Sub-Regional Action Programme to Development (IISD), Canada 86 2007 371 Combat Desertification in West International Labour Organization International Standardization Organi- Africa and Chad (SRAP/WA) 1052, (ILO) 366, 897, 1441 zation (ISO) 91 1053 International Mechanism of Scientific International Strategy for Disaster Re- summit of the Heads of State and Expertise on Biodiversity duction (UN/ISDR) of the United Government, 1994 1048 (IMoSEB) 1217, 1247 Nations 49, 73, 74, 91, 92, 126, 560, vulnerability monitoring in the Sahel international migration/migrants 505, 647, 724, 1147, 1152, 1155, 1185 project 1051, 1052 506, 820 Global Assessment Report on Disas- Intertropical Convergence Zone International Monetary Fund ter Risk Reduction, 2009 579 (ITCZ) 1070 (IMF) 157, 162, 163, 165, 169, 215, Global Survey of Early Warning Intifada 314, 760 723, 818 Systems 1444 involuntary risk 90 international nongovernmental organi- international terrorism 6, 182, 201– Ionides Plan (IP), 1939 438 zations (INGOs) 1049, 1122, 1123 203, 205, 279, 280, 283, 284, 287, Iran 184, 216 International Nitrogen Initiative 288 nuclear programme 323–326, 337, (INI) 1255, 1256 USA reaction 252–269, 271, 274 509, 524 International Ocean Carbon Coordi- International Union for Biological Sci- water resources 528, 530 nation Project 1295 ences (IUBS) 1217, 1237 Iraq 216, 315 International Organization of Migra- International Union for the Conserva- Anglo-American occupation, tion (IOM) 819, 820, 830 tion of Nature (IUCN) 27, 1018 2003 5, 331, 337 International Peace Research Institute International Union of Geological Sci- drylands 865 Oslo (PRIO) 47, 749, 821 ences (IUGS) 1298 ethnic cleansing against the Sunni International Polar Year, 1269 International Union of Microbiologi- Arab population 321 international relations/security cal Societies (IUMS) 1237 Interim Governing Council anarchic system 238 International Year of Deserts and De- (IGC) 321 climate change impacts 719–733 sertification (IYDD), 2006 809 Public Order Brigades 321 developed a number of International Year of Planet Earth Special Police Commandos 321 dichotomies 313 (IYPE) 1298, 1299 Ireland functionalist/idealist approach 760 Intersecretarial Commission of Biose- famine of 1846 1035 globalization of 197 curity and GMO irrigation 637, 925 holistic approach 6 (CIBIOGEM) 1033 China 957–967 idealist conceptualizations of 1460 Inter-State Committee for Drought increase in Spain (South-east) 940 interaction between domestic and Control in the Sahel (CILSS) 807 Ecuador 1349 international realms 208, 209 African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Israel 452 realist tradition 353 Analysis Project (AMMA) 1051 Mexico 887 North-South relations/divide and AGRHYMET Regional Centre Morocco 913 climate change 1355–1366 activities 1049–1051 Palestine 436 security and state weakness climate change project 1049, 1050 palm tree plantations 913 concepts 353, 354 desertification control and poverty traditional 898 spatial approaches 1453, 1458–1465 reduction 1052 1790 Index

irrigation Joint Water Committee 411, 760– migrants from North Africa 505, water salinity problems in Sri Lanka 762 507, 855 after the tsunami, 2004 1143, 1144 Oslo Peace Agreements 10, 410, 411, population development 498, 505 Islam 431, 438 UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol environmental issues 375, 376 water negotiations process 760– ratification 491 Sunni-Shiite political rift 334 764 water resources 495 183, 184, 533 water resources 430, 433, 435–438, Iullemeden Aquifer System (IAS) Islamic 329 510 Continental intercalaire (CI) 997, Islamist groups/movements 209, 329, Israel-Jordan Armistice Agreement of 999, 1000, 1003, 1004 331, 333 April 1949 467 Continental Terminal (CT) 997, Israel 204 Istanbul 999, 1000, 1003 aquaculture 849 administration chart/map 660, 661 database and geographic informa- dryland 846–848, 850 Avcýlar municipality 666 tion system GIS) 1001, 1002, 1004 Hydrological Service 452 Center for Disaster Management evolution of water points since Jewish Agency 424 655 1940 1002 Jewish National Fund 424 demographic data 664 groundwater support for the Niger Knesset 467, 468 Department of Earthquake Engi- River 1003 Labour Party 475, 760 neering at Kandilli Observatory, 655 hydrogeological data 1000, 1001 Law and Administration Ordinance, gecekondus 650, 652 limits of the main aquifers 999 1948 468 Governorship Disaster Management mathematical model 1002, 1003 Mapam Party 475 Center 655 overexploitation of the Military Order No. 2 of 7 June Kadýköy municipality 664, 665 aquifers 1003 1967 409 Metropolitan Municipality 655, piezometric maps 1000 Military Order No. 92 413 659, 661, 666 water balance 1003 Ministry of the Environment 452 population growth 500 water resources 997, 1004 Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weap- social, demographic, and economic Izmir 500, 657 ons Treaty (NPT) 318 characteristics of 650 nuclear arsenal 315 urban environment 655 J population growth 426, 498 Zeytinburnu municipality 665, 666 Jal Bhagirathi Foundation (JBF) 992– settlements in the West Bank 428, Istanbul, earthquake 657 996 430, 442 655 Jal Kosh 994 sovereignty question 478, 479 Disaster Mitigation Basic Plan In- Jal Parishad 992, 995 UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol cluding Seismic Microzonation 659 Jal Sabha 992, 993, 995 ratification 492 Earthquake Risk Assessment of the Jal Samit 992 urbanization rate 499 Istanbul Metropolitan Area 659 Jal Sansad 992, 993 Israel, water resources evaluation of risk management Japan consumption 436, 452 strategies 667 Central Environmental conservation measures 452 hazard and risk in the metropolitan Council 1385 demand by the year 2020 453, 454 area 656–659 Clean Government Party 1388 development of 450, 451 individual disaster mitigation/ Democratic Party of Japan flow of springs and streams preparedness 650–653 (DPJ) 1381, 1388, 1389, 1391, 1398 management 455, 456 Istanbul Earthquake Master Plan environmental NGOs 1383–1385, irrigation use 452 (IEMP) 657. 659, 663, 667 1389, 1391 National Water Carrier 451, 452 Metropolitan Municipality Disaster Global Industrial and Social National Water Plan 451 Coordination Centre (AKOM) 660 Progress Research Institute precipitation of land 450, 451 National Earthquake Council 659 (GISPRI) 1387 progressive development policy to National Earthquake Strategy Re- GMO/transgenic technologies mitigate the impact of water port, 2002 659 use 1024 scarcity 454–458 Neighbourhood Disaster Volunteers House of Councillors (the Upper Water Authority 454 Programme 665 House) 1388 Israeli Segregation Wall (ISW) 428– predicted strategies 655 House of Representatives (the Low- 431, 437, 444 risk management after the Marmara er House) 1388 Israeli-Palestinian conflict/ earthquakes, 1999 659–663 Industrial Structure Council 1385 relations 331, 509 risk management at district Institute for Global Environmental Camp David Framework for Peace municipalities 663–667 Strategies (IGES) 1387 in the Middle East, 1978 474, 482 Seismic Risk Mitigation and Emer- Liberal Democratic Party dispute over Jerusalem 459, 462, gency Preparedness Project 661 (LDP) 1388, 1389, 1396, 1398 465, 467, 468, 473–482 Italy 179, 204 Ministries of Agriculture, Forestry Interim Agreement in Taba, agricultural production 502 and Fisheries (MAFF) 1388 1995 760 Index 1791

Ministry of Economy, Trade and In- Jerusalem 413 opment Goal Achievements dustry (METI) 1383, 1385–1387, 1389, administrative borders 469, 470 programme 407 1397 Arab/Israeli Jerusalem Municipal climate change 404, 405, 407 Ministry of Education, Culture, Council 479 diseases and health situation 398, Sports, Science and Technology city borders 462–471, 480 399 (MEXT) 1387 condominium city model 474 drylands 865 Ministry of Environment Corpus Separatum proposed in Environmental Research Centre (MOE) 1383, 1385–1387 1947 464 (ERC) 400 National Institute of Environmental de facto borders 467, 468 Genetically Modified Organisms Studies (NIES) 1387 De Jure borders 464–466, 468 (GMOs) future use 405, 406 New Energy and Industrial Technol- evaluation of the proposals and out- Higher Council for Science and ogy Development Organization look in the future 481–483 Technology 407 (NEDO) 1387 geographical borders 463, 464 Ministry of Environment Nippon Keidanren (Japan Federa- healing, confidence and trust build- (MoEnv) 405 tion of Economic Organiza- ing measures 481 Ministry of Health (MoH) 398 tions) 1385, 1389, 1390 international united city model 473, outbreak of cryptosporidium 402, Science Council of Japan 1387 474 403 Socialist Democratic Party of Japan Israeli settlements and Palestinian population growth 426, 498 (SDPJ) 1391 neighbourhoods in the East of 469, Royal Scientific Society (RSS) 400, Society for Environmental Econom- 473 407 ics and Policy Studies 1387 management of the Old City 481 Second National Communication to Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly 1389 models proposals for the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol Japan Weather Association 1387 future 472–477 ratification 398, 405–407, 492 Japan, climate change policy/impact municipal borders 470, 471 urbanization rate 499 Cool Earth 50 1388 municipal boundaries change 467 waste management system 406 discourse to achieve the Kyoto Municipality of 468, 470 wastewater treatment 399, 400, 406 targets 1383–1387, 1391 one national united city model of Jordan, water resources domestic discourse 1381 Israel 474–476 availability annual per capita 395 domestic process of foreign religious importance for Christians, degradation as a human security policy 1382, 1383 Muslims, and Jews 459–462, 478 challenge 396, 397, 407 ecological and socio-economic status quo borders 468 drought tolerance and risks of genet- impacts 1334, 1335, 1336 sustainable conflict resolution 462 ically modified food 405–407 evaluation and outlook 1391 trilateral Palestinian, Israeli and In- evaluation and further actions 406, GHG emission reductions ternational Governance Council of 407 (2020) 1396–1399 Jerusalem 481 grey water for agriculture in the Guideline for Measures to Prevent troika model proposal 478–481 Jerash Refugee Camp 400, 401 Global Warming 1383, 1384 two national units Palestinian groundwater pollution risk due to Hatoyama Initiative 1381 model 476, 477 human activities 400–404 Informal Gathering for the Discus- UN Resolution 181 of 1947 and later health impacts due to low water sion on Issues of Global Warming, resolutions 464, 465, 466, 473 quantity and quality 397–400, 404, 2008 1390 urban planning and future 405 international negotiations/ development 480, 481 national water strategy 395, 406 UNFCCC 1339, 1381, 1382, 1384– Venice Declaration on the Middle Jordan River 395, 409, 413, 417 1391, 1394, 1500 East’ by the European Council, Jordan River Basin (JRB) 436–438, Kondankai collected public com- 1980 465 757, 759 ments (polls) 1390, 1391 Jerusalem District Electricity Company Jordan Valley Authority 441 Kyoto Protocol (KP) 1381, 1383 (JDEC) 443 Jordan-Israel Peace Agreement 476 mid-term targets, 2009 1390, 1396– Jesus of Nazareth 461 Justice and Charity 933 1399 Jia Rang 640, 645 Perspectives and Actions to Con- Johnston Plan (JP). 1956 438 K struct a Future Sustainable Frame- Joint Global Ocean Flux Study Kabbah, Ahmed Tejan 347 work on Climate Change (JGOFS) 1262 Kant, Immanuel 13, 14, 250 report 1385 Joint Programme (JP) on Climate Karamoja Cluster, Horn of Programme for Achieving the Kyoto Change Risk Management 765 Africa 1431, 1432 Target, 2005 1386 Joint Scientific Committee (JSC) of Katanga-Syndrome 1110 scientific discourse 1387 WMO/ICSU/IOC 1261 Kaya formula 736 sea-level rise 973 Jordan 204, 315 Kazakhstan 214, 216, 310 Japanese Forest Society 1387 Adaptation to Climate Change to geographical conditions 526 Jaspers, Karl 79 Sustain Jordan’s Millennium Devel- sand and dust storms 530 Jemaa 909 1792 Index

Kazakhstan robust and operational way to Latin America, coastal ecosystems violent incidents between ethnic and quantify 853 characteristics of the area 598, 599 political groups 534 Land Ocean Interactions in the Coast- climate change impacts 588–601 water resources 527–529 al Zone Project (LOICZ) 1224, coral reefs distribution and Kekkonen, Urho 238, 240, 246 1253, 1254 uses 591–593 Ken Saro Wiwa 366 land use framework for analysis to cope Kennedy, John F. 252 climate change impacts 23–27 with/react to climate change and Kennedy, Robert 483 definition 1403 natural hazards 595–600 Kenya 673, 934, 1027, 1432 global current dominant types 3, 26, mangroves distribution and population growth 1440 27 uses 589–592 urbanization 675 great transformation 25–27 natural disaster impacts 586–588, Kerry, John 1367 increasing demands and the need 592, 593, 595, 600, 601 Keynes, John Maynard 12 for adaptation 23, 24 research on the regional, national khettaras 908, 911, 914, 916, 917, 919 management 928 and local resilience 600, 601 Kierkegaard, Søren 79 Land-Use and Land-Cover Change vulnerability assessment, approaches King Abdulah Canal 407 (LUCC) 1223–1225 and indicators 593–595 King Talal Reservoir 399, 407 land use and land use change Latin American Organization of Sub- Kissinger, Henry 7 (LULUC) 1308 National Governments 1312 Kjellén, Rudolf 1459 Nile Delta 777, 782, 783 Latvia 192, 197, 223, 301 knowledge statistical methods for analysis of League of Arab States (LAS) 317, 318, construction 764 patterns 1223 323, 324, 327, 329, 330, 332 types of 1005 unsustainable 804, 813 Council for Arab Ministers Respon- Koivisto, Mauno 246 land-grabbing 24 sible for the Environment Koizumi, Junichiro 1387–1389 Landsat DEM 1132 (CAMRE) 336, 337 Kokoshin, Andrei 277 Laplace, Pierre-Simon 79 League of Nations 64, 464 Kollek, Teddy 471, 475 large infrequent disturbance Least Developed Countries Koran 375, 376 (LID) 794 (LDCs). 143, 1313 Kosovo 200 Latin America economic vulnerability 143, 145, 146 Kozyrev, Andrey 278, 279, 297 assessments of natural hazards 1345 Least Developed Countries Fund Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (Ger- debt crisis 157, 163 (LDCF) 637, 1309, 1313 man Public Development Bank), differences between South and Cen- Lebanon 200, 201, 315 KfW 520 tral America 1342, 1343 affected by floods 637 Kurdish separatism 210, 211 disaster events 1345, 1346 drylands 865 Kurnub Group aquifer 456 environment agenda support 1342 population growth 426, 498 Kuwait 321, 322, 335 environmental legal frameworks and UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol drylands 865 institutions 1343 ratification 492 Kvitsinsky, Yuliy 297 evolution of climatic/meteorologi- urbanization rate 499 Kyrgyzstan 214, 288, 310 cal events 1346 Leerformel (German) 156 geographical conditions 526 Free Trade Agreement legal vulnerability 127 salinization of soil 532 implications 1474 legitimacy (concept of) 536 violent incidents between ethnic and watershed management and river ba- Liaohe River basin 961 political groups 525, 534 sin monitoring 1345 Libby, I. Lewis 252 water resources 527–529 Latin America, climate change Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam adaptation and mitigation (LTTE) 1122, 1136 L governance 1342, 1344, 1345, 1348, Liberia La Paz 1348 1351 Human Development Index 349 landslides and vulnerability 567–574 Climate Change in Latin America Liberians United for Reconciliation La Red group 560, 594, 1152 and the Caribbean 2006, and Democracy (LURD) 342, 343, labour immigrants 930, 931 report 1343 346 Lagos 675, 681, 682, 686 economic aspects 1342 National Patriotic Front of Liberia land (definition) 803 extreme weather events/natural haz- (NPFL) 341, 343, 363, 364 land degradation 379 ards impact 1345–1348 violent conflict/civil war 339, 342– conceptual framework of the increase in per capita emissions 1341 344, 346–350, 362–365, 367 causes 383 initiatives/actions 1348–1350 Libya 201, 204, 315, 342, 378, 850 definition 804 legal framework 1343 agricultural production 497, 502 landslides in La Paz 567–574 measures to coping with 1344, 1345 climate change impacts and Maghreb/North Africa 381, 382 public goods, market mechanisms, vulnerability 379 Palestine 441–443 and compensation 1351–1353 drylands 865 extreme weather events/natural hazards 387 Index 1793

floods and droughts 388 Madagascar 24, 1417 Malta 204 Human Development Index Madrid 500 population growth 498 (HDI) 378 Maghreb 200, 487 UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol land degradation/ agricultural production 381, 382 ratification 489, 491 desertification 382 authoritarian regimes 392, 393 Malthus, Thomas 32, 1472 physical, social, economic profile climate change impacts and vulnera- Malthusian approach 151, 1183 of 377, 378 bility of 379 Man and the Biosphere (MAB) population growth 377, 498 colonial and post-colonial Programme 1237, 1297, 1298, 1301 UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol conflicts 508 Management of Social Transformation ratification 492 desertification, land degradation (MOST) programme 1299, 1301 water resources 384, 386, 387 and drought 379–383, 390 Managua City 1155 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 1108 environmental security situation/ Manama Dialogue, December life expectancy 1182 evaluation 389–392 2008 335 lifeline infrastructural vulnerability 69 environmental degradation mangrove Lima 1348 costs 391 Latin America 589–592 Lisbon 500 environmental risks 378–393 Manila 118 Lithuania 192, 197, 301 environmental security Manilov, Alexander 282 Liu Zhiyong 1368 research 376, 377 Mano River Union (MRU) 339, 347 livelihood floods and droughts 388, 389 Mao Zedong 539, 540, 642 assets 566 food production 497, 499 marine ecosystems 848 concept of DFID 1131 fundamentalist movements 376 marine fisheries 848 strategies 566 hard security issues 325 Marine Trophic Index (MTI) 1418, Livestock Early Warning System Human Development Index 1419 (LEWS) 1436 (HDI) 378 Marmara earhquakes. August and No- Local and Indigenous Knowledge Sys- human security 392 vember 1999 650, 651, 656, 657, tems (LINKS) Programme 1299 irregular migration 505 659, 664, 667 local governance 671 modernization of 392, 393 Marrakesh 500 Local Productive System (LPS) 933 natural hazards/extreme weather Marseille 500 Local Vulnerability Index (LVI) 146, events 387–389, 392 Marshall Plan 252 150 physical, social, economic profile Maruwat 992 Locke, John 244 of 377, 378 Marxist-Leninist ideology 292 loss redistribution tasks/recommendations to deal Mashreq 325, 487 definition 603 with the environmental risks 391– mass movement strategies used by poor societies to 393 dry 714 cope with the effects of natural water resources 383–387, 390, 391 wet 716 hazards 603, 605 Mahan, Alfred 1459, 1460 Maternal Mortality Ratio Low-income Countries (LIC) Mahasneh, Dureid 441 (MMR) 1417, 1418 Country Policy and Institutional As- Maher, Ahmad 329, 332 mathematical model sessment (CPIA) 167 maize 1348 Iullemeden Aquifer System debt crisis 157, 163–167, 169 Mexico 885, 1067, 1070–1074, (IAS) 1002, 1003 debt relief initiatives history 162– 1076–1079 Matsuura, Koïchiro 433 166 Major Economies Forum on Energy Mauritania 201, 204, 315, 705, 894, global financial crisis, 2008-2010 and Climate 1328 1044–1046 impact 171–173 Malaria Early Warning System climate change impacts and Low-Income Countries under Stress (MEWS) 1436 vulnerability 379 (LICUS) 145 Malawi 705 extreme weather events/natural Luhmann, Niklas 83, 108, 1108 Malaysia 9, 674 hazards 387, 389 Lukashenko, Alexander 289 sea-level rise 973 floods and droughts 388 urbanization 675 Human Development Index 349 M Maldives 1119, 1279 population growth 377, 378, 1048 Mabira Forest Reserve 1244 natural disaster 706 physical, social, economic profile Macedonia 490 Mali 858, 894, 1045, 1046 377, 378 population growth 498 annual rainfall trends 997, 998 water resources 384 UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol economic and social indicators 859 Mauritius 1300, 1301 ratification 491 Human Development Index 349 Mauritius Strategy of Mackinder, Halford 1459, 1460, 1464, Iullemeden Aquifer System Implementation 1350 1472 (IAS) 997, 998, 1000, 1001, 1004 Max Planck Institut für macro-economic vulnerability 69, 127 population growth 815, 1048 Meteorologie 1075 MacSharry, Raymond 1009, 1016 violent conflict/civil war 341–343, Mayorov, Leonid 283 345, 349 Mazal 916 1794 Index

Mbeki, Thabo 1415 vulnerability and coping Mekorot 424, 433 Meacher, Michael 763 capacities 490 Melilla and Ceuta conflict 325 Measuring Improvements in the Disas- water conflict 509, 510 Mendel, Johann Gregor 1020 ter Resilience of Mediterranean region, climate change mercenarism/mercenaries Communities 140 impacts West Africa 347, 348, 351 Mecca 461, 462 alternative livelihoods for people in Meri, Lennart 278 Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) of drylands developing 517 Meridional Overturning Circulation in UNEP 488, 490, 493–495, 501, 502 civil protection 517, 518 the North Atlantic 1278 Mediterranean Association of Nation- climate-related hazards 496 Merkel, Angela 185 al Energy Agencies conflict constellations 510–512 Met Office Hadley Centre 766, 767, (MEDENER) 520 EU-MENA survival pact 771 Mediterranean Business Development concept 522–524 meteorological drought 805 Initiative 488 food imports demand 497, 499 Meteorological Hazards and Seasonal Mediterranean Economic Develop- food security implications 503 Forecasting group at the Benfield ment Assistance (MEDA) 488 GHG emissions per capita 493 UCL Hazard Research 806 Mediterranean Energy Observatory IPCC reports 492–494, 496, 501, metfia 916 (OME) 520 515, 516, 517 Mexico 552, 934, 1343, 1389 Mediterranean Environmental and Hu- Mediterranean Human and Environ- administrative districts 876 man Security Initiative mental Security Initiative agricultural production 1069 (MEH-SEC) 102, 515, 516 (MEH-SEC) 515, 516, 523 agricultural sector and NAFTA trade Mediterranean Migration Observatory Mediterranean Solar Plan and agreements 886, 891, 1033–1035 (MMO) at Panteion University of Desertec Industrial Initiative 518– areas suitable for corn Athens 517 522, 524 production 884 Mediterranean region migration 517 Autonomous University of Mexico 5+5 process 204 Pan-Mediterranean assessment on (UNAM) 1078 actors, levels and issue areas of the physical effects and societal Coatlán del Río Morelos 1081, 1089 cooperation 488 impacts 501 coffee production 1067–1069, Blue Plan of UNEP 486, 488, 490, physical impacts 492–496 1072–1074, 1077, 1079 493, 495, 496, 501, 502 population growth and debt crisis 168 climate change impact 201 urbanization 496, 498–500 drought periods and social concept (narrow/medium/ precipitation changes 494, 495 phenomena 881 wide) 486, 487 proactive policies for coping ecosystems 876 conflicts overview 508, 509 with 514–524 Encuesta Nacional de Epidemi- Convention for the Protection of sea-level rise 495, 496 ología Psiquiátrica (National Psychi- the Marine Environment and Coast- security challenges 512–514 atric Epidemiology Survey) 1086 al Region of the Mediterranean 488 societal impacts 496–503 genetically modified cooperation initiatives 202–204 soil, water and food declining 502, organisms 1027–1029 Co-ordinating Unit for the Mediter- 503 GMO maize risks 1032–1035, 1040 ranean Action Plan (MEDU) of sub-regions for impacts 490 Independence War and the Mexican UNEP 488 temperature increases 493, 494 Revolution 881 definitions 485, 486 UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol maize production 1067, 1070–1074, geographical space 487 ratification of countries around the 1076–1079 international terrorism impact 201– Mediterranean 489–492 migration of the rural 203, 205 Mediterranean Renewable Energy population 1069 Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) Centre (MEDREC) in Tunis 520 National Institute of Agricultural Re- of UNEP 488, 490, 493–495, 501, Mediterranean Solar Plan (MSP) of search (INIFAP) 1029 502 EU 443, 488, 518–522, 524 National Meteorological Service Mediterranean Committee on Sus- Mediterraneanism 487 (SMN) 881 tainable Development (MCSD) of Medvedev, Dmitry 288, 289, 293, 295, population growth 882 UNEP 488 296, 303 PROCAMPO programme 886, 891 migration trends and scenarios 503– megacity rain fed agriculture 1070 507 citizens are victims of denial to basic reforestation programmes 1353 NATO Mediterranean services 613 Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary (SPS) Dialogue 204 phenomenal growth in the past 613 Agreements 1033 natural disasters impact 202, 203 vulnerabilities of their residents in Tlaxcala 1067, 1072 new/old threats debate 201, 202 relation to Natural disasters 649, traditional crop production 886 regional and internal conflicts 200– 650 transgenic technologies use 1023 202, 204 Mejhoul 909 Veracruz 1067–1069, 1072, 1073, regional features of unity 487 Mekong Basin/River 700, 1335 1075, 1077, 1078 spatial regionalization 486–489 framework for cooperation 1309 Index 1795

Mexico, agriculture in the Northern re- research on variability and induced conflicts 822, 828 gion change 1069–1079 Italy 855 adaptation and mitigation strategies research overview 1071 Mediterranean region (trends and to coping with climate change scenarios/projections 1067–1069, scenarios) 503–507 impacts 887–891 1074–1076 Mexico 1069 adaptation strategies for rain-fed Special Programmes of Climate Middle East and North Africa agriculture 887–889 Change (PECC), 2009 1070, 1071 (MENA) 511 affected with extended periods of Tlaxcala area case study 1068, social vulnerability 1181 drought 875 1070–1072, 1079 Spain 855 agricultural systems in the arid Veracruz area case study 1068, 1072, statistical sources 504, 505 zones 877–879 1073, 1075, 1077–1079 USA 855 characteristics, extent, and impor- Mexico City Milan 500 tance of the arid zones 876, 877 urban growth rate 1178, 1179 military challenge (definition) 341 climate change impacts 881–891 MICRODIS 695 military expenditure global 5 Comisión Nacional de Zonas Áridas microfinance institutions 752 military industrial complex 9 (CONAZA) 889 Microsoft 630 military security 220, 235, 824, 1492, decision support tools and the Dry- Microsoft ACCESS 1001 1493 land Development Paradigm Middle East and North Africa Millennium Development Goals (DDP) 890 (MENA) 488, 497, 517, 518 (MDGs) 93, 103, 125, 157, 158, 160, drought scenarios 881–883 agricultural/food production 502, 172–174, 373, 726, 765, 827, 948, ejido structure 879–881 510, 511 1218, 1219, 1249, 1260, 1271, 1281, hydrologic regions 880 cereal balance 502 1303, 1307, 1310, 1341, 1417, 1421 mitigation options to reduce civil protection 517, 518 Carbon Facility/finance 1308, 1315, desertification 889 climate change impacts 423, 424, 1317 population growth impact 878, 882 444, 493–503 climate change 1304 preponderance of arid and semi-arid climate induced conflicts/security goals 1417, 1422–1424 climates 875 challenges 510–514 targets 374, 390 Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganad- floods and droughts 511 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment ería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Ali- food imports 497, 499 (MA) 84, 836, 838, 856, 1214, 1216, mentación (SAGARPA) 889 migration 511 1217, 1232, 1247, 1248, 1271, 1297, Secretaria de Desarrollo Social population growth 496–498, 502, 1475 (SEDESOL) 889 507 Adaptation Mosaic 825 social and economical sea-level rise 495 Desertification Synthesis 807, 825 pressures 885, 886 solar power 520–523 desertification 379, 826 socio-economic aspects and agricul- urbanization 497, 499, 500, 507 ecosystem services concept 1107, tural practices 879–881 water resources 495 1111, 1112 socio-economic vulnerability 885 water-stressed regions 423, 424 human well-being concept 1107, vulnerability to desertification 884, Middle East conflict (see Arab-Israeli 1111, 1112 885 Conflict and Israeli-Palestinian TechnoGarden 825 vulnerability to drought 883, 884 conflict/relations) Millennium Project 66, 372, 409 Mexico, climate change Middle Easternism 333 Mills, John Stuart 79 Capacity Building for Stage II Adap- Mig fighters 239 Milosevic, Slobodan 193, 224 tation to Climate Change in Central migration mindset concept 1490 America, Mexico and Cuba 1072, Almeria 930–933 Ministerial Declaration on Water Secu- 1078 Bangladesh 975 rity, The Hague, 2000 814 Climate Change Declaration, Febru- Central America 1153 missile technology 298 ary 2010 38, 39 climate change/environmental mitigation (definition) 42 coping strategies 1077–1079 induced 422, 423, 504, 507, 511, 512, Mobutu Sese Seko 159 economic impacts 1352 517, 724, 725, 728, 729, 731, 819– 822, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro- GHG emissions 1351 830, 831 radiometer (MODIS) 1095 Integrated Assessment of Social Vul- Cote d’Ivoire 855 modern knowledge 1477 nerability and Adaptation to Climate discrimination 1179–1181 characteristics of 896 Variability and Change Among forced (push factors) or voluntary modernization theory Farmers in Mexico and Argentina (pull factors) 819, 820 global challenges 1005–1007 study 1072 fraction of the global number and Möglichkeitsurteile (German) 119 international negotiations 1365 national population 855 Mohammad A-Sabah (Sheikh) 338 national strategy 1351, 1352 framework for a causal analysis of Mohammad VI, King of Morocco 325 National Strategy for Climate migration dynamics 508 Moldova 223, 224 Change (ENAC), 2007 1070, 1071 France 855 MON863 1031 Northern region 881–891 global development 820 1796 Index

Mongolia 858 Moslem Brothers 933 nahar 995 economic and social indicators 859 Mother Earth 1033, 1037 Namibia 851, 1420 Monroe doctrine, 1823 249 Moungara 911 Naples 500 Monsanto 1028, 1029, 1031 Mountain Aquifer Basin (MAB) 436, Nasrallah, Hassan 334 Monsoon Asia Integrated Regional 437, 453–455 NatCat database (MunichRe) 694, Study (MAIRS) 1211, 1213, 1219, Moussa, Amr 323, 324, 330 696 1225 Mozambique 705, 949 National Campaign for Dalit Human Montenegro 491 Mt. Kilimanjaro 1273, 1274 Rights (NCDHR), India 1178 population growth 498 Mubarak, Muhammad Husni 315, 317, National Council of La Raza Montevideo Convention on Rights 318, 334 (NCLR) 1172 and Duties of States, 1933 356 Mugabe, Robert 1415 National Institute of Environmental Montreal Protocol on Substances that Multi Modal Transport System Health Sciences (NIEHS), Deplete the Ozone Layer (MLF), (MMTS) in Hyderabad 629, 630 USA 1098 1987 3, 4, 539, 1308, 1337 multiculturalism 1172 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Montserrat 706 Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative Administration (NOAA) 698 MOPAWI (Mosquitia Pawisa) 1349 (MDRI) 165, 168, 169, 174 National Patriotic Front of Liberia Morocco 200–204, 315, 552, 934, 1419 multilateralism 5, 187, 1365 (NPFL) 341, 343 agricultural production 382, 383, Multi-level governance (MLG) 1059, national security 62, 99, 309, 354, 744, 497, 502 1060 758, 810 Association Oasis of Guir for the multinational corporations climate change 1492, 1493 Development 916 (MNC) 1474, 1476 concept 307, 311 Association of Achbarou for the Mumbai, flood loss redistribution definition 249 Development 917 evaluation and debate of the environment as new threats 94, 97 Association of Chabraoui 917 findings 608–612 USA 249 Association of Combating Desertifi- flood, 2005 1483 nationalism 6, 360, 478 cation and Environmental measures practised by the slum methodological 14 Protection 916 population 606, 607 NATO 180, 181, 183, 184, 189, 223, 224, Association of the Ferkla Oasis for problems and vulnerability 605, 606 449, 533, 733 the Environment and the Munich Re 637, 694, 696–698, 1185 9/11 terrorism attack reaction 196 Inheritance 917 Munich Re Foundation (MRF) 820 Afghanistan policy/war 194, 197 climate change impacts and Munich Security Conference in collective defence 194–197 vulnerability 379 2007 288, 295 Cold war 191, 195–197 drylands 865 Murcia region (Spain) dilemmas of a new strategic emigration to South European EU average rainfall 936 concept 196–198 states 507 climate change scenarios in the 21st Finland 237, 238, 240, 241, 245–247 Environmental Protection of Goura- century 941–944 former Yugoslavia (conflict) 192, ma, Rich, and Errachidia 916 desertification 935–937, 943–945 193 European Union (EU) relations 203 GVA (Gross Added Value) at market Guidelines for Operations outside extreme weather events/natural prices for the agricultural Alliance Borders 197 hazards 387, 389 sector 940 Iraq operation of the USA 196 floods and droughts 388 flood risks 1403–1412 legal foundations 194, 195 food imports 499 intensification of farming activities Lisbon Summit, November food protests 507 in traditional dry-farming areas 942 2010 197 Human Development Index land-use changes 938–941, 943–945 MC 14/3 and MC 48 252 (HDI) 378 irrigation farming 942 Mediterranean Dialogue 204 irrigation 913 population growth 939 membership prospects for Ukraine land degradation/ urban settlements in traditional and Georgia 186 desertification 381, 382 farming or forest areas 941 Middle East 193 National Office for Drinking Water Mutual Assured Destruction North Atlantic Council 196 (NODW) 916 (MAD) 252 nuclear arsenal 192 Office Régional de Mise en Valeur Myanmar 709 phases of history 191 Agricole du Tafilalet Cyclone Nargis, May 2008 1172, Russia 192, 197 (ORMVAT) 906, 916 1176 security threats, new risks, and physical, social, economic profile challenges 191–194 of 377, 378 N Soviet Union 191, 192 population growth 377, 378, 498 Nabucco pipeline 303 Strategic Concept, 1991 192 UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol nadi 991, 995 Strategic Concept, 1999 193, 196 ratification 492 Nagasaki 8 Strategic Concept, 2010 197 urbanization rate 499 Nagorno-Karabakh 215, 287, 305 terrorism 193 water resources 384–386, 495, 913 transatlantic security dialogue 191 Index 1797

Turkey 196 different competencies and respon- Network of Regional Governments for Use of indicators for desertification sibilities of state and international Sustainable Development in oasian settlements programme bodies 52 (NRG4SD) 1312 902 economic valuation methods of the New Middle East Project 333 Washington Treaty, 1949 191, 194– impacts 1161, 1162 New Partnership for Africa’s Develop- 196 effects of small or moderate size 575 ment (NEPAD) 807 natural disaster (see also disaster) financial vulnerability 148 New Zealand 711, 1290 Africa 1043–1046 flood loss redistribution and climate change international classification of 697, 712, 713 research 603–605 negotiations 1394 climate change and risk of 723, 724 international development 1198, Nicaragua 745, 1149, 1155, 1343, 1355 climate-related, 1980-2008 700– 1199 climate change/natural hazards 703, 711 land degradation, desertification impacts 585, 587, 589, 594, 598 coastal ecosystems in Latin America and drought (DLDD) natural disaster 706 impacts 586–588, 592, 593, 595, 600, interaction 816, 817 population growth 1150–1152 601 Latin America and the Niger 705, 850, 1045, 1046 direct outcomes 693 Caribbean 1345 Human Development Index 349 drought as special case 697, 698 loss redistribution strategy 603–605 Iullemeden Aquifer System economic capital 1159–1161, 1163– Maghreb/North Africa 387–389 (IAS) 997, 998, 1000, 1001, 1004 1167 measurement methods for the ef- population growth 815, 1048 economic damage costs 703–707, fects of 1166 violent conflict/civil war 339 709 Mediterranean region 496 Niger Delta/River 345, 680, 997, 998, global disaster database 579, 694, Nigeria 676 1000, 1003, 1004 698, 699 scientific community 49, 50 Nigeria 357 Inter-States Committee for the Fight socio-ecological crises 1113 climate change vulnerability 670, against Drought in the Sahel substitution between social and eco- 671, 685, 687 (CILSS) combat contribution 1049– nomic capital 1168 environmental pollution and 1053 UNESCO 1293, 1294, 1297, 1298, pauperization 366, 367 long term trends interpretation 698, 1301 environmental problems/ 699 vulnerability of populations 647 degradation 674, 675 long-term global trend 1185 Natural Hazard Index for Environmental Protection Agency Mediterranean region 202, 203 Megacities 140 (LASEPA) 681 Natural Disasters and Vulnerability Natural Hazards Research and Appli- floods 678, 680 Analysis report 113 cation Information Center at the Human Development Index 349 number of reported victims 706 University of Boulder 559 Iullemeden Aquifer System occurrence and impact, 2008 com- natural resources management (IAS) 997, 999, 1000, 1001, 1004 pared to 2000-2007 707, 708, 711 (NRM) 1052 local government areas (LGAs) 675 patterns and trends from 1980 to bottom-up participatory Movement for the Actualization of 2008 699–707 approach 987–989, 996 the Sovereign State of Biafr people affected worldwide 693 nebkas 904 (MASSOB) 358 prevention, preparedness, and miti- Nebuchadnezzar II, Babylonian Movement for the Emancipation of gation goals 93, 94 King 461 the Niger Delta (MEND) 358 recommendations for research 711, Negev Desert 845 Movement for the Survival of Ogoni 712 neo-conservatism 5 People (MOSOP) 358, 367 risk is connected to human develop- Neo-Hobbessian worldview 250, 251, National Emergency Management ment processes 693, 694 274 Agency (NEMA) 681, 682 short term, recent trend 707–711 Neo-Kantian worldview 250, 251, 274 Oduduwa Peoples Congress social capital 1159, 1160, 1162–1167 neo-liberalism (OPC) 358 spatial/regional distribution, 1980- agrarian policies 1019 population growth 671–675 2008 703–711 Neo-Malthusian approach 97 revenue allocation to the ecological Sri Lanka 1443 Nepal 975–977 fund 682 subgroups 697, 712, 713 flood mitigation 639 UNFCCC 681 sub-type definitions 714–717 natural disaster 706 violent conflict/civil war 339, 341, victims of droughts 816, 817 net present value (NPV) 162, 165, 167, 342, 344, 345, 350 natural disturbance 799, 801 169 waste management 675 natural hazard (see also hazard) Netanyahu, Benjamin 317, 474 Nigeria, urbanization and disaster Central America 1148 Netherlands 183, 184 management climate change impacts 40 climate change international categories of measures 684, 685 developing countries impacts 1159 negotiations 1395 causes of vulnerability 674–680, sea-level rise 973 685, 686 1798 Index

Nigeria, urbanization and disaster methodology of the assessment 781 North Korea management Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Ac- nuclear weapons 183, 184 disaster risk and urban management tion Programme (NELSAP) 950 withdrawal from the NPT 6 challenges 682–687 784–786 North Ossetia 299 disasters impact 676–680, 685 Rosetta city and region 783, 784 North-Eastern Aquifer System Disaster Response Units salt water intrusion impacts 786 (N-EAS) 430, 433, 434, 437 (DRUs) 682 vulnerable to the projected Northern Forum 1312 Early Warning Unit 682 changes 765 North-South divide Emergency Response Teams Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) 514, 949 bilateralism vs. multilateralism 1364, (ERTs) 682 framework for cooperation 1309 1365 evaluation and outlook 686, 687 management and development coalition-building 1362, 1363 growth and development 672–675 efforts 950, 953 concept of 1356–1362 institutional framework and Nile Forecasting System (NFS) 770, dynamics of identity funding 681, 682 771 contestation 1360 Local Governments Emergency Nile Valley 863, 867–869, 871 identity politics leading to Management Committees Nippon Keidanren (Japan Federation conflict 1358–1362 (LEMCs) 682 of Economic Organizations) 1385, leadership question 1364 National Disaster Response 1389, 1390 negotiation perspective 1362–1364 Plan 681 Nixon Doctrine 252 opportunities through strategic National Emergency Management Nokia 244 facilitation 1366 Zonal Offices 683 non-governmental organizations reframing at the bargaining National Policy on Urban (NGOs) 32, 42, 49, 51, 147, 336, table 1364–1366 Development 683 507, 565, 642, 823, 874, 976, 988, threshold states role 1365, 1366 National Urban Development 993, 1122, 1147, 1154, 1186, 1220, North-South relations Policy 674 1306, 1311, 1349, 1383, 1384, 1390, climate change negotiations 1355– National Urban Development Policy 1421, 1491 1366 (NUDP), 2006 673 China 536, 537, 543–545 conflict 732, 755 Nigerian Mission Control Centre North Africa North-Western Sahara Aquifer System (Cospas-Sarsat) 682 agricultural production 497 (NWSAS) 386 rural-urban migration 673 climate change 371 Nubian Sandstone aquifer 457 Special Fund’, deductions from the desertification, land degradation nuclear deterrence 282 Federation Account 681 and drought 379–383, 390, 499 nuclear doctrine/strategy State Emergency Management Com- emigration to Europe 506 first use 8 mittee (SEMCs) 682 environmental risks 378–393 Russia 282 Nigerian National Food, Drug Admin- environmental security threats 374 nuclear energy 245, 515, 1372, 1373 istration and Control food protests 507 Arab world 329 (NAFDAC) 366 natural hazards/extreme weather Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Nigeriasat-1 satellite 681 events 387–389, 392 (NPT) 7, 8, 254, 282, 283, 317, 318, Nile Basin/Delta 510, 511, 726, 871 population growth 498 324 aquifer system 786 sustainable development 371 Additional Protocol 337 beach erosion 778 terrorist threats 201 Eighth Review Conference in New geographical facts 774–777 UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol York, May 2010 5 land use 777, 782, 783 ratification 491, 492 nuclear terrorism 254, 271 pollution 778, 779 urbanization rate 499 Nuclear Terrorism Convention 7 population growth 777 vulnerability and coping nuclear war/attack 7, 89, 260, 271, 340 resilience of the population 779 capacities 490 nuclear weapon 5, 8, 340 topography 777, 778 water resources 383–387, 390, 391, deemphasizing 8 Nile Basin/Delta, climate change im- 495 free world vision 7, 8 pacts/sea-level rise (SLR) 496 North American Agreement for Envi- NATO 192 adaptation options for coastal ronmental Cooperation North Korea 183, 184 resources 787, 788 (NAAEC) 1033 proliferation 6, 7, 254, 261, 271 Alexandria city 781–784 North American Free Trade Agree- Russia 276, 277, 279, 280, 282, 283, case study 767–771 ment (NAFTA) 885, 886, 1033– 285, 287, 288, 299, 306 evaluation and 1035, 1067, 1179 states 7 recommendations 788 North American Monsoon 1070 warhead 9 extreme events impacts 786, 787 North American Regional Climate nuclear winter 7 gaps of systems and Change Assessment Program Nunn, Sam 7 information 787 (NARCCAP) 768 Nyerere, Julius 361 low elevation land impacts in North Anatolian Fault 656, 657 cities 780, 781 North Atlantic Oscillation 1295 Index 1799

O Organization for Security and Co-oper- Red Sea-Dead Sea Conveyance 101, 224, 438–441, 444 oases of Tafilalet (Morocco), desertifi- ation in Europe (OSCE) Project 286–288, 295–298, 533 443, 444 cation renewable energy 516 427, 431– countermeasures 913–918 ENVSEC initiative sea-level rise (Gaza Strip) 223 433 efficient development of long term missions (LTMs) 433– associations 916, 917 Organization of African Unity transboundary aquifer systems 361 436 emigration problems 917–919 (OAU) 433–438, evaluation and outlook 918, 919 Organization of Petroleum Exporting water scarcity and conflict 1363, 1378 444 research on new water Countries (OPEC) 66, 222 supplies 913–916, 919 organized crime Palestine, water resources 6, 329, 337 413 sand encroachment 903–907 Osama bin Laden access and mobility s 10, 410, 411, social transformations 911–913 Oslo Peace Agreement colonization of land and 431, 438 413, 414 water deficit 907–911, 913–916, 919 resources 911 409, 453 oasis of Achbarou (Morocco) 917, 918 Oughrour consumption per capita 23, 499, 806, 842, 875 2020 453, 454 Obafemi Awolowo 359 overgrazing demand by the year 871–873 415, 416 Obama, Barack H. 5, 7–9, 64, 185, 190, Egypt economic growth impact 212, 249, 250, 252–255, 258–263, Owen, David 8 ecosystem services 417 265, 267, 271, 273, 274, 296, 1355, Oxfam 45–47, 65, 1154, 1445 evaluation and outlook 418, 419 1379, 1381 ozone depletion 1491 flow of springs and streams 455, 456 Observatorio Sismológico del Sur Occi management P 417, 418 dente (OSSO) 576–578 food supplies Observer Human Rights Index 1416 Paasikivi, Juho Kusti 238 groundwater vulnerability (West 416 Öcalan, Abdullah 211 Pachauri, R. K. 496 Bank) 411 Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT), Pacific Center for Environment and historic backdrop see Palestine Sustainable Development 1216 hydrological, geographical, geologi- Ocean Observations Panel for Pacific Decadal Oscillation 883 cal, and demographic conditions/ 409 Climate 1294 Pacific Small Island Developing States factors Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance - (PSIDS) 37, 38, 47 intermittent water supply and une- 415 United States Agency for Interna- Pakistan 552, 850, 1369 qual water allocations 414 tional Development (OFDA- sea-level rise 973 overexploitation of water USAID) 695, 699, 1150 Palestine 315, 1430, 1431 pollution from Israeli military 414 Office Régional de Mise en Valeur Ag- agricultural production 412, 424, activities ricole du Tafilalet, Morocco 426, 427 population growth, returnees, and 416 (ORMVAT) 906, 916 droughts 413 water demands Official Development Assistance drylands 865 progressive development policy to (ODA) 162, 164, 166, 171, 173, 358, economic growth 415, 416 mitigate the impact of water 359, 752, 1315, 1318, 1361, 1422 extreme weather events 427 scarcity 454–458 416, 417 Ogata, Sadako 633, 758 geographic, geomorphologic and quality deterioration Olmert, Ehud 334 topographical characteristics 424 rate of unaccounted for water 412 Oman 335 Gross National Product (GNP) 424 (UFW) 417 ontological security 82 historically consists of 409 social value of water decline ontology 1490 Israeli-Jewish colonization of the vulnerability and risk 418, 419 Opande, Daniel 365 West Bank 414 perception 418 Oporto 500 land use distribution 411 wastewater management 760– Opportunities and Risks of Climate population growth 411, 412, 425, water negotiations with Israel 762, 763 Change and Disasters process 426, 498 412 (ORCHID) methodology 86 urbanization 411, 412, 416, 499 water system Optimal Foraging Theory 838 Palestine, climate change impacts water-related environmental 412–418 organizational vulnerability 127 agriculture 426, 427 threats 424 Organization for Arab Petroleum Ex- biodiversity 427 water-stressed regions porting Countries (OAPEC) 336 deforestation 441 Palestine Liberation Organization 474, 476, 760 Organization for Economic Coopera- desertification 441 (PLO) 476 tion and Development evaluation and outlook 444 Palestine National Council (PNC) 200 (OECD) 102, 391, 732, 733, 820, human health 427, 428 Palestine Territories 858, 859, 897, 1366, 1371, 1382, 1477 Israeli Segregation Wall (ISW) 428– Palestinian Authority (PA) 318 Development Assistance Committee 431, 437, 444 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics 426, 453 (DAC) 164, 754 land (soil) degradation 441–443 (PCBS) man-made activities 428–444 Palestinian National Authority (PNA) 201, 476 1800 Index

Palestinian Water Authority political geoecology 1457, 1463, 1464, migrants from North Africa 507 (PWA) 409, 410, 416, 417 1470 population growth 498 Palme Commission 745 actors, processes, and levels of UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol Palmer Drought Severity Index analysis 1475–1477 ratification 489, 491 (PDSI) 806 anticipatory knowledge to proactive Post 2012 Climate Change Framework, Pan Jiahua 1377 action 1480–1483 Brazil, 2008 1342 Panama areas for political initiatives and or- post-conflict reconstruction 358 climate change/natural hazards ganized civil society 1480 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder impacts 585, 587, 589, 591, 592, 594, areas for research 1479, 1480 (PTSD) 1182 598 concept of 1453, 1475–1479 potable water 1258 Pan-American Organization of Health conceptual features and Potsdam Institute for Climate Change (PAHO) 1150 evaluation 1483–1485 Impact Research (PIK) 42, 817, pan-Arabism 333 field of research and 1467 Panchayats 1061 education 1479, 1480 Potsdam Memorandum of Nobel Lau- Paraguay 1023 innovative knowledge and anticipa- reates, October 2007 1482 Paris Club 157, 163–165 tory learning 1477–1479 poverty alleviation 159, 162 participatory rural appraisal (PRA) policy vision 1480–1483 Poverty and Environment Initiative methods 987, 1073 political geography 1460 (PEI) 1307 Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan (PKK) political security 220, 824 poverty education 173 [Kurdistan Workers’ Party] 210, pollution poverty reduction 211, 214 Egypt 869 Heavily Indebted Poor Countries partnership building measures Nile Delta 778, 779 (HIPC) impact 157–159, 165, 167, (PBMs) 832 urban air 1092 168, 170–175 partnership building project (PBP) 832 Popper, Karl 1434 Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers Past Global Changes (PAGES) 1253 Popular Front for the Liberalization of (PRSPs) 165, 174, 860, 1318 pastoral conflict Palestine (PFLP) 317 poverty-reducing expenditures Sahel zone 1430, 1431, 1439 population growth 377, 378, 856, 957, (PRE) 170 peacekeeping operations 325 959, 967 praxeology 1490 peasant movements 1027 Almeria 929 precipitation PEISOR model 811, 812, 822, 1457, Central America 1150–1152 Mediterranean region 494, 495 1477 China 957, 959, 967 Predictive Indicators of Vulnerability Penttilä, Risto E.J. 240 Delhi 615 (PIV) 138, 139 Perejil (Parsley) island conflict 201 Egypt 774, 777, 863–868 pressure and release (PAR) model 89, Peres, Shimon 333 environmental change 567 Perry, William J. 7 implications 17, 18 Prevalent Vulnerability Index perturbation (concept) 794, 795 global 20, 24, 25, 815, 843, 1179, 1182, (PVI) 138, 153 Peru 1343, 1348 1183 Primakov, Yevgeny 278 Pew global organization 185 international migrants, and private sector participation (PSP) 623 Pew Research Centre 185, 321 refugees 1179 probability theory 79 Pheromone, Phenylacetonitrile Maghreb 377 progressive development model (PAN) 1050 measures to promote and facilitate aims and stages 447, 448 Philippines 554, 708, 1335, 1336 the reduction of fertility 19 mitigate the impact of water scarcity transgenic technologies use 1023 Mediterranean region 496–498, in Israel/Palestine 454–458 photovoltaic 851 500 water resources) 447, 448, 454, 458 Phytogen (Dow AgroSciences) 1028 Mexico 878, 882 projected population difference Plataforma Solar de Almería (PSA) in Narrow Middle East countries 426 (PPD) 426 Almería 517 Nigeria 671–675 Prophet Muhammed 334, 375, 461, Platform for the Promotion of Early Palestine 411, 412, 416, 425, 426 462 Warning of the International Strat- Sahel 1048, 1052 Protection Motivation Theory 648 egy for Disaster Reduction (PPEW- sensitivity of long-term population ProVention Consortium 49, 1185 ISDR) 1444, 1449 trends 18, 19 Providing Regional Climates for Im- Platform on Space-based Information Thar Desert (Western Rajasthan, pacts Studies (PRECIS) 767 for Disaster Management and India) 985, 996 Proyecto de Desarrollo Forestal 1349 Emergency Response 1297 United Nations Population Division psychological vulnerability 128 Poland 184, 197 scenarios 17, 18 Pugwash 5, 7 Polisario (Popular Front for the Liber- Port Said 777, 778, 784–786 Putin, Vladimir 186, 192, 242, 286– ation of Saguia and el Hamra and Portugal 1023 289, 293–295, 297, 300–302 Rio de Oro) 200, 325 agricultural practices/policy 502, political ecology 1476 1007, 1013–1017 Index 1801

Q Regional Seas Programmes of definition 78, 79, 89, 91, 92, 96, 112, 488 129, 130, 669, 742, 1435 Qatar 322, 335, 850 UNEP 112 Quantified emission reduction and Regional Special Programme for Food differences to disaster 1350 643 limitation objectives Security (RSPFS) distribution approach (QERLOs) 1393, 1396, 1399 regulation theory environmental security environmen- 1104, 1105 86–88 Quantifying Uncertainty in Model Pre- concept tal as a scientific concept 1106, 1107 99–101 dictions (QUMP) 766 critique and limitations implications 1105, 1106 643 Quito 1348 French school externalization 144 Quiwonkpa, Thomas 364 importance of change and transfor- external shock Quran 461 mation/coping and adaptation due geocentric and anthropocentric to crisis 1115–1117 approaches 87 R societal relationships with hazard and vulnerability nature 1103, 1105–1107, 1112–1117, relationship 89–92 Rabat 500 1121, 1124–1126 hazard, exposure and racism 1176, 1186 socio-ecological crises and natural vulnerability product 1435 radiological weapons 340 hazards 1106 hazard research community and risk rain-fed agriculture 451 Relief Web 1120 as practical concept 91–93 Mexico 875, 879–881, 884–889, 891 renewable energy sources 443, 444 hazard research community and risk ramblas 1403–1405 515, 522 as scientific concept 88–91 la Azohía 1404 dryland 851, 852 human security implications 103, de Benipila 1405 Palestine and climate change 104 de las Moreras 1404, 1409, 1410 impacts 443, 444 indicators/indices 120 de los Arejos 1411 Renewable Energy Technologies individual and contextual del Charcón 1411 (RET) 443, 444, 521 models 110, 111 Majadas 1408 Renewable Portfolio Standards 1290 inductive and deductive Peñaranda-Labradorcico 1408 renewable underground water approaches 119, 120 rapid appraisals (RA) 1130 (RUW) 386 measure of human and environmen- Rasmussen, Fogh 196 resilience 113, 127, 511, 725 tal insecurity 119, 120 Ratzel, Friedrich 1459, 1472, 1474 definition/concept of 132, 555 natural-scientific objectivism Reagan Doctrine 252 DLDD regions 808 approach 759 Reagan, Ronald 270 ecological and social systems 1056 objectivism and constructivism 109, realpolitik (German) 211 economic vulnerability and small 110 cosmopolitan 14 states 143–145 political and scientific concept in en- Red Sea-Dead Sea Conveyance Project ecosystems 593 cyclopaedias/scientific (RSDSC) 395, 438–441, 444 index 145 dictionaries 79, 80 Reddy, Janardhan 629 Nile Delta 779 post-modern perspective 83 Reddy, Sabita Indra 630, 631 research 1107, 1112 probability 109, 119 Reddy, Teegala Krishna 629 societal 856 probability and loss 91 re-education camp 1171 studies 155 psychological approach 109, 110 reflexive security 85, 86 theory 1108 rational choice approach 83 reforestation 1297 urban vulnerability 553, 555, 556, 622 process, analogue, systemic Mexico 1353 vulnerability and adaptation models 107, 108 regime theory 762 interaction 1056, 1057 reflexive modernization Regional Centre for Renewable Ener- wastewater in Delhi 620 approach 83 gies and Energy Efficiency resilience-building 46, 1170, 1182, 1187 ruse of 13, 14 (RCREEE) in Cairo 520 return on investment 860 science research 14 Regional Climate Centres Revolutionary United Front (RUF), sea-level rise (SLR) 779 (RCCs) 1268 Sierra Leone 342–344, 347, 349 securitization linkage 764 regional (climate) circulation model Rhône-Poulenc 1028 security/defence policy and the (RCMs) 766–770, 788 Ricardo, David 79 management of political risk 83–85 Regional Climate Outlook Forum 8 108 1268 Rifkind, Malcolm social amplification theory (RCOFs) 80 80–83 1306 Risikobereitschaft (German) social sciences debate Regional Development Banks 111 69, risk social values and preferences regional economic vulnerability 107– 759 127 conceptualization/theories of sociological perspective 111, 129, 130 structuralists and contextualists Regional Electricity Grid (REG) 444 contextual/structural models 110, 111 Regional Project for the Prevention explanation 107, 108 systematic classifications and Management of Food Crises critical theory approach 83 (taxonomies) 108 in the Sahel (PREGEC) 1051 cultural theory approach 83, 759 systems theory approach 83 technical analysis 109 1802 Index

risk Ministry of Foreign Economic multilateral cooperation framework technology of 61 Relations 278 of GU(U)AM 302 theory 757, 759, 760, 764 Ministry of Interior 276 Munich speech of Putin, February transfer 97 Ministry of Security 276 2007 288, 295 type of virtual reality 119 National Convention 277 national interests 275, 277, 278, 283, urban development 670 Security Council 276, 278, 282, 283 285, 286, 289 water negotiations perception 760– social security 293, 294 National Security Concept, 764 State University of Moscow 1455 1997 283–286 risk analysis 88, 91, 92 water resources 530 national security doctrine risk assessment 88, 92 Russia, foreign policy/security defining 275 definition 96 concepts 295, 296, 298, 301 National Security Strategy, January risk communication decision- Afghanistan 275, 288, 300 2000 294 making 91 armed forces, role of 275–283, 285– National Security Strategy, May risk management 88, 90, 116, 143, 559, 288 2009 289, 295, 296 759, 1440, 1444 Baltic states 278, 282, 286, 301 NATO 192, 197, 275, 277, 280, 282, comprehensive 107 Caucasus region 286, 299, 304, 306 284, 286–288, 292, 295–298, 300– constructivist approach 111 Central Asia 300, 305 302, 304 earthquakes in Istanbul 655–667 Chechen war/conflict 275, 283, 286, North Korea 295, 301 hazard, vulnerability, and deficien- 287, 291, 292, 299, 305 nuclear forces/weapons, role cies in preparedness China 291, 292, 297, 298, 300, 301, of 192, 276, 277, 279, 280, 282, 283, integration 1444 303, 306 285, 287–299, 306 market organizations 156 CIS security structure/ Obama-Medvedev Joint Statement politics and the decision-making countries 276– 278, 284, 287–289, of 1 April 2009 8 process 120, 121 296, 298 OSCE 286–288, 295–298 realist/objective approach 111 Collective Security Treaty Organiza- peace-enforcement operation in strategies 91 tion (CSTO) 296–298, 300 Georgia 288, 289 territorial safety 117–121 defence reform 192 policy practice (from the protection vulnerability mapping 1094, 1099 Directorate for Strategic of sovereignty to the protection of risk society 129, 1005–1007, 1016 Security 278 influence) 299–305 social sciences debate 80–83 Draft Military Doctrine, 1992 276, Putin and Medvedev era 286–289 security studies 85, 86 277 security documents, 2003- River Basin Organization (RBO) 953 economic and social 2010 294–299 Roman Empire 31 foundations 292–294 Serbia 295, 300 Romania 184, 223, 224 energy security issues 291, 301, 303, Shanghai Cooperation Organization Rome 500 305, 306 (SCO) 298, 300 Rosetta city 774, 783, 784, 786 European Union 289, 297, 298, 302 The Topical Tasks of the Develop- Rumania 1023 European policy/European Security ment of the Armed Forces of the Rumsfeld, Donald 270 Treaty initiative 296, 297 Russian Federation document 294 Russell-Einstein Manifesto, 1955 9 evaluation and outlook 289, 305, threat perceptions 275, 276, 280, Russia 306 281, 284–286, 288, 289 attack on the White House, October foreign policy concept of Skokov, Ukraine 185, 276, 278, 282, 288, 289, 1993 281 1993 277–279 296, 302–304 Border Guards Committee 276 foreign policy concept, 2008 295 USA 179, 277–280, 287, 288, 295, climate change policy 1384 Georgia and conflict, August 296, 299–302, 305, 306 Constitution, 1993 276 2008 184, 186, 215, 288, 289, 291, WEU 282 democracy experience/ 293, 296, 302, 304, 305 Yugoslavia conflict 300 development 291–293, 296 historical foundations 292 demographic situation 291 international terrorism 279, 280, S economic development 292–294 283, 284, 287, 288 Sa’id, Abdel-Monem 316 financial collapse of 1998 286 Iran 295, 301 Saakashvili, Mikheil 304 Foreign Intelligence Service 276, Iraq and war of 2003 179, 275, 287, Saban Centre for Middle East 278 288, 294, 295, 300, 301 Policy 334 GDP 292, 293 Kosovo crisis 275, 286, 288, 305 Sachs, Jeffrey 159 GHG emission reductions Law on National Security, 1995 283 Sadat Chair/Zogby International (2020) 1397, 1398 Law on Security, 1992 276, 280, 283 survey 324 human rights record 295 legacy of the Soviet Union 292 Saddam Hussein 6, 321, 331 Ministry of Defence 276 military doctrine, 1993 279–283, 287 Sahara 855, 895, 901, 1046 Ministry of Environment 276 military doctrine, 2010 298 Sahara and Sahel Observatory Ministry of Foreign Affairs 276, 278 military threats 298 (OSS) 997 Index 1803

Sahel region/zone 118, 726, 819, 821, land loss and population exposed in reconceptualization triggered by the 1273 Asian countries 973 end of the Cold War 31, 61, 307, 744 climate change project 1049, 1050, Eastern Mediterranean region 421 schools of war/military, strategic 1052 environmental impact assessment and security studies 61 deforestation 1047, 1049 (EIA) 788 sectorialization 62, 235, 810 desertification 1047–1049, 1052, hazard, vulnerability and security challenges relevance 66, 67, 1053 resilience 779 104–106, 758 drought 810, 824 IPCC assessments 773, 779 security risks relevance 62–66, 78– fragile climate 1047 Latin America 586, 588, 595, 600, 94, 104–106, 758 GDP increase 1047 601, 1348 significance of perception 354 locust invasions 1043–1047, 1050 Mediterranean region 495, 496 state-centric 354 natural disasters and threat to food Nile Delta 773, 777–788 vulnerability relevance 67–78, 104– pastoral conflict 1430, 1431, 1439 Palestine/Gaza Strip 427, 431–433 106, 758 security and sustainable socio-economic impacts 972 West Africa debate 356–358 development 1046–1049 securitization 123–125, 129, 131, 141, security dilemma 307, 357, 747, 1478 population growth 1048, 1052 158, 235, 236, 285, 727, 745 security indicators 745 urbanization 1047, 1048 climate change 516, 735, 757, 762– security risk 744 Sahéli 904, 906 764, 814 reconceptualizing 78–94 Sahel-Syndrome 1110, 1112 concept /theory 758, 759, 810 US national security strategy docu- Salafist Group for Preaching and Com- desertification 809, 823, 825 ments, 1991-2010 263–265, 268–273 bat (GSPC) 201 economic security and West Africa 361–367 salinization 722, 879, 1119 vulnerability 153–155 security studies agricultural farmland 726 environmental security 97, 98 reflexive security and risk society 85, Central Asia 532, 533 global environmental security 86 Egypt 869 (GEC) 34, 43, 1458 Wales’ school 236 land and freshwater in Sri Lanka af- land as territory and as soil 809–811 security threat ter the Tsunami, 2004 1142–1144, land degradation, desertification reconceptualizing 62–66 1146 and drought (DLDD) 827, 828 US national security strategy docu- Nile Delta 778, 786 risk linkage 764 ments, 1991-2010 255–260, 265–267, Samoa 705 security 270–273 San Andreas Fault 656 absence of objective dangers 61 widened concept 64–66 Sana’a Declaration, 2004 332 definition 340, 354, 809 security vulnerability sand encroachment 854 definition by UNDP 525 reconceptualizing 67–78 oases of Tafilalet (Morocco) 903– intersubjective 61 US national security strategy docu- 907 notion of 179 ments, 1991-2010 262, 263, 268, Sandalow, David 1379 perception/objective/subjective 270–273 Sandoz 1028 factors 61 Sen, Amartya 151, 633, 758, 1160 Sankoh, Foday 342, 344, 346 political value 61 Senegal 552, 894, 1045–1047 Sanofi-Aventis 1028 security challenge Environmental Performance Index Santiago de los Caballeros 1147 definitions/concept of 132 (EPI 1418 SARS 139, 185, 310 environmental security Failed States Index (FSI) 1418 Sartre, Jean-Paul 79 implications 99–101 Human Development Index Saudi Arabia 315, 335, 337, 850 human security implications 103, (HDI) 349 scarcity (concept of) 837 104 Maternal Mortality Ratio School of Social Ecology at the Univer- political and scientific concept 66 (MMR) 1418 sity of California-Irvine 1456 political term 66 Movement of Democratic Forces of Schultz, George P. 7 reconceptualizing 66, 67 Casamance 358 Scientific Committee on Problems of US national security strategy docu- population growth 1048 the Environment (SCOPE) 1237, ments, 1991-2010 260–262, 267, Southern Cassamance Province 339 1242 268, 270–273 Sustainable Development scientific dialogue security community 47–49 Index 1419 epistemic communities on global security concept violent conflict/civil war 339, 341– change, security and disaster 47–51 approaches/definition 809, 810 343, 358 scientism 643 Arab world 313, 314, 327–329, 338 Serbia 224, 292 sea-level rise (SLR) 585, 815, 1183, 1275, broadening, widening, population growth 498 1278 deepening 123, 235, 249, 744, 758, UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol case studies on 1-m 973 810 ratification 491 digital elevation model (DEM) 781, climate security 744, 745 Servicio Andaluz de Salud (S.A.S.) 931 782 evolution of 372 Seveso disaster, 1976 81 1804 Index

sewerage declining trust 1165, 1166 coupling and regulation 1104 Delhi 615–619 definition 1160 global research/linkages between Israel 452 disaster management 1159 nature and societies 1107–1113 sexually transmitted infections economic outcomes effects 1162 regulation/coupling in Sri Lanka af- (STIs) 1083, 1084 Hurricane Katrina 1164, 1165 ter the Tsunami of 2004 1117–1127 Shamshabad Mandal Differently Abled natural disaster 1159, 1160, 1162– socio-economical vulnerability Peoples Association, India 633 1167 128 Shanghai Convention against Terror- types and access to entitlements dur- soft security ism, Separatism and ing disaster 1163 Arab conceptualizations 313, 314, Extremism 310 social class 1178, 1179, 1185, 1186, 1188 327–329, 338 Shanghai Cooperation Organization social ecology 1104, 1465 Arab perceptions 329–338 (SCO) 298, 300, 525 definition/concept 1456 Turkey 215–217 Treaty on Deepening Military Trust Social Flood Vulnerability Index 140 soil depletion 807, 815 in Border Regions’ 310 social identity 1170, 1174, 1175, 1184 Egypt 869 Treaty on the Reduction of Military social institutions 978, 979 soil erosion 824 Forces in Border Regions, 1997 310 social interaction soil insecurity 811 Shanghai Five mechanism 310 conflict and cooperation 750, 751 soil organic matter (SOM) 889 Sharon, Ariel 334 social knowledge 1184 soil security 511, 809, 810, 815, 827 Shiva, Vandana 634 social learning 1115 Anthropocene 823–825 shock index 147 social negotiation 1170 policy measures 828–833 Showa Denko KK (USA) social network 46, 979, 981, 1160, 1166 proactive policies 823–826 laboratory 1030 Social Network for Disaster Preven- Solana, Javier 179, 182, 184, 188–190, Sierra Leone 1182 tion in Latin America (La 732 Human Development Index 349 RED) 575, 576, 578, 580 solar desalination plants 515 ratio of official government’s in- social representations 1170–1173, 1182, solar electricity 520–523 come to income from development 1184, 1186 solar energy/power 522, 539, 1373 aid (ODA) 359 social security 118, 259 dryland 851, 852 Revolutionary United Front social vulnerability 69, 77, 78, 105, 127, Solomon, King of Israel 461 (RUF) 342–344, 347, 349, 366, 367 511, 638, 814, 1160, 1162–1164, 1171, Somalia 159, 348, 708, 745, 850, 1431, violent conflict/civil war 339, 341– 1183, 1186, 1187 1432 344, 347–350, 362–367 definitions/concept of 137–139, 1171 non-state actors 748 Sigma database (SwissRe) 694 discrimination 1169 Sonora Desert 876 Sikh terrorism 6 entitlement failure 1162–1166 South Africa 673, 1032 Sinapis arvensis 1026 gender discrimination 1174 Apartheid 1170, 1171, 1173 Singapore Paradox 147 identity factors and social represen- Executive Outcomes 347 Skokov, Yuri 278, 279 tation in disaster situations 1184, climate change international slash-and-burn agriculture 815 1185 negotiations 1363 Slovakia 224, 761, 1023 migration 1181 rainbow democracy 1170 Slovenia 223 research agenda to understand the urbanization 675 population growth 498 disruption during and after South Asia UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol shocks 1166 global financial crisis impact 173 ratification 491 substitution between social and eco- water management crisis 978 small arms and light weapons (SALWs) nomic capital in shock situations/ weak governance 977 La Flamme de la Paix (The Flame of natural hazards relevance 1159 South Korea Peace), 1996 345 Social Vulnerability to Climate Change climate change impacts/policy 1336, proliferation in West Africa 345, for Africa (SVA) 138, 139 1365, 1366 346, 349–351, 363 Social Vulnerability to Environmental South Ossetia 288, 289 West African Action Network on Hazards (SoVI) 140 South Pacific Applied Geoscience Small Arms (WANSA) 346 Social-Ecological Systems (SES) 1056 Commission (SOPAC) 139 Small Island Developing States societal quartet 1501 Southern Africa Development Com- (SIDS) 38, 139, 143, 153, 1313, 1363, societal relations (concept of) 1105 munity (SADC) 954 1497, 1500, 1502 societal security 99, 220, 235, 832 sovereignty 249, 358, 478 economic vulnerability 143–145 societal vulnerability Soviet Union Programme of UNESCO 1299–1301 desertification 856– 860 collapse of 192, 237, 239, 276 Smith, Adam 79, 354 Society-Human-Environment- victims of droughts 817 social capital 979–981 Interactions 1107 space geodesy 1297 access to entitlements during and af- socio-ecological crises 1106, 1115 Spain 179, 182, 204, 1023, 1405 ter shock situations effects 1164 natural hazard 1113 agricultural model of Almeria 921– Caribbean Countries and facing socio-ecological systems 1103, 1107– 934 hurricanes 1166 1109, 1111–1114, 1117 agricultural production 502 Index 1805

Basic Guidelines for Planning of Department for Census and Statistic household level recovery in the agri- Civil War, 1936-1939 921, 923 (DCS) 1137, 1138 cultural sector 1139–1146 Corine Land Cover 2000 Disaster Management Centre 1124 housing units by damage degree and project 939 District-level Disaster Management household income 1138 immigration 505, 506 Committee of Galle 1448 human loss and coastal Instituto Nacional de Colonización economically, ethnically, linguistical- impacts 1129, 1441–1445, 1447, 1448 (INC) 923, 926 ly, and religiously very diverse 1136, limited knowledge by the EEC membership, 1981 925 1137 people 1442 Law of Foundations (Ley de Bases), employment distribution 1138, 1139 livelihood factors of 1939 923 ethnic groups representation 1136 vulnerability 1138, 1139, 1145 migrants from North Africa 507, 855 GDP development 1136 NGOs and INGOs role 1122, 1123 Morocco relations 200, 201 household income 1137, 1138 physical and environmental charac- National Action Plan against Deser- household income and expenditure teristics and their influence 1131– tification (PAND) 939 survey (HIES) 1137 1134, 1145 National Ministry of Rural and Ma- Human Development Index policy-makers implications 1146 rine Environment (MARM) 935 (HDI) 1137 population distribution and population development 498, 505 income distribution 1141 density 1133 terrorist attacks, March 2004 184 land and inland water areas 1132 post-disaster stabilization and desta- UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol land ownership before and after the bilization processes/phases 1119, ratification 491 tsunami 1142 1120 Urbanización Bahía de Puerto de Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam rapid appraisals (RA) of different Mazarrón 1409 (LTTE) 1122, 1136 characteristics and objectives 1130, water resources 495 National Disaster Management Cen- 1131 Spain, flood risks tre (NDMC) 1441, 1442 resource availability and Civil Defence against Flood natural disaster 1443 assistance 1144 Risk 1403 population distribution and response actions, different agendas, historical floods 1405, 1406 density 1133 demands and interests 1120–1122 land-use changes impact 1408, 1411, religions representation 1136 research/empirical approach and its 1412 Task Force for Rebuilding the Na- limitation 1130, 1131 South-eastern 1403–1412 tion (TAFREN) 1122 sensitivity on the district and divi- spatial planning consequences 1408– wages 1139 sional level impact 1131–1139, 1145 1410, 1412, 1413 Sri Lanka, tsunami early warning socio-political vulnerability topographic, geographic, and cli- system 1441, 1442 factors 1134, 1135, 1145 matic factors 1406 evaluation and outlook 1448, 1449 stake holders and their structure in Spain, environmental problems/situa- goals 1445 the post-tsunami process 1123 tion in the South-eastern linking to hazardous areas 1446– Tsunami Flash Appeal afforestation measures 945 1448 Programme 1448 alteration of forest ecosystems 940 Platform for the Promotion of Early type of assistance 1124 climate change scenarios in the 21st Warning of the International Strate- views and problem definitions 1117, century 941–944 gy for Disaster Reduction 1448 1118 desertification 935, 936, 943–945 types of vulnerabilities 1448 St. Kitts and Nevis 706 environmental regulations in the ag- vulnerable groups 1445, 1446 St. Lucia 706 ricultural sector 945 Sri Lanka, tsunami impacts, December stability concept 746 flood risks 1403–1412 2004 Standardized Precipitation Index historical evolution 937, 938 actors and changes in (SPI) 806 land-use changes 938–941, 943–945, competence 1122–1124 START (Global Change System for 1403, 1404, 1408, 1411, 1412 age and gender distribution of the Analysis, Research and Regional Ministry of Agriculture and victims 1134, 1135 Training) 1225 Water in Murcia 945 agricultural activity 1141, 1142 state water efficiency improvements 945 arenas of conflict 1122 definition 355, 356 Special Climate Change Fund coastal communities 1119 imperatives of survival 359 (SCCF) 1313 coupling processes 1118, 1119 terrorism 329, 330 Spykman, Nicholas 1459, 1460 crops, land, irrigation water and Weberian 243 Sri Lanka equipment 1142–1144 state weakness agricultural sector 1139–1145 economy and poverty vulnerability conceptualization of 353–356 Coast Conservation Act/ factors 1136–1138 West Africa 358–361 Regulations 1121 fatalities and people affected 1134 Statistical Capacity Building Coastal Conservation Galle and Batticaloa district 1130– Initiative 1424 Department 1119, 1121 1141 Steiner, Achim 1501 Stern report, 2007 1286 1806 Index

Stiglitz, Joseph 626 sustainable development 32, 75, 102, society nature interactions 1107– Stimson Doctrine, 1932 465 139, 336, 447, 522, 524, 543, 731, 832, 1109 Stockholm Environment Institute 132 838, 1046, 1053, 1193, 1252, 1271, syndrome concept of WBGU 1107, Stockholm International Peace Re- 1342, 1349, 1373, 1375, 1416, 1467, 1109–1112 search Institute (SIPRI) 47, 67, 821 1485, 1493 Stockholm International Water Insti- Bolivia 1476 T tute (SIWI) 952 climate change 371, 752, 1280, 1281 Tablig Al Dawa 933 storm coastal zones 1224 Tajikistan 287, 300, 310, 708 Central Asia (sand and dust) 530, dimensions 1421 geographical conditions 526 531 France 1011 salinization of soil 533 climate change impacts 422, 511, indicator system 1419–1421 violent incidents between ethnic and 723, 724, 728, 729, 821, 828, 831, 832 North Africa 371 political groups 525, 526, 533 definition 714 research community 43 water resources 527–529 Strasser, Valentine 347 UNESCO 1293, 1297 talabs 991, 995, 996 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty Sustainable Development Index Taliban 6, 194 (START) 8, 254 (SDI) 1416, 1421–1423 Tang Jiaxuan 1374 Stratospheric Processes and their Role conflict prevention tool 1424–1426 Tangshan earthquake (China), in Climate (SPARC) project 1262, Tanzania 1418 1976 560 1264 sustainable development policies and tankas 991, 995 Strauss, Leo 274 measures (SD-PAMs) 1400 Tanzania 1417 stress (stressor) sustainable economic Sustainable Development Index definitions/concept of 131 development 830, 969 (SDI) 1418 strike-slip fault 656 sustainable energy sources 45, 336, Taylor, Charles 341–343, 346, 362–366 Structural Adjustment Programme 1186 technical vulnerability 127 (SAP) 361 sustainable land management technological substitutability 87 structural engineering vulnerability 69 (SLM) 807–809 Technology Needs Assessments 1311 structural terrorism 63, 104 sustainable livelihood 77, 566 Tel Aviv 500 structural violence 63, 104 Sustainable Management of Marginal Terra ASTER 1095 subpolitics 1006, 1017, 1011 Drylands (SUMAMAD) 856, 858, TerrAfrica 807 Sub-Regional Action Programme to 860, 1298 Territorial Approach to Climate Combat Desertification in West sustainable urbanization 551 Change (TACC) 1306, 1312 Africa and Chad (SRAP/ Swaziland 705, 1182 territorial safety 117 WA) 1052, 1053 Sweden 1182 territorial security 119, 810, 815 Sub-Saharan Africa Swedish Environmental and Protection terrorism 191, 194, 200, 220, 222, 340 GDP growth 172, 173 Agency (SEPA) 949, 954 9/11 attack 104, 180, 193, 194, 249, debt crisis 157 Swiss Novartis 1028 295, 299, 300, 309, 329–331, 732, 1350 global financial crisis impact 172, Swisspeace 1432 anti personnel terrorism 104 173 SwissRe 694, 1185 Arab world perception 313, 329–331, irregular migration 505 Switzerland 1394, 1425 338 victims to desertification 506 Sykes-Picot Agreement, 1916 473 Basque 184 Subsidiary Body for Scientific and syndrome concept of WBGU 1107, biological 267 Technological Advice (SBSTA) of 1109–1112 international terrorism 6, 182, 201– UNFCCC 808, 1217, 1394 Syngenta 1028 203, 205, 279, 280, 283, 284, 287, 288 Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Techni- Syr Darya 528, 529 nuclear 254, 271 cal and Technological Advice Syria 200, 214, 295, 315 USA reaction 252–269, 271, 274 (SBSTTA) of CBO 808, 1247 al-Ba‘ath Party 316 PKK 210 Sudan 24, 159, 348, 858, 1181, 1355, 1417, drylands 865 Sikh 6 1419, 1430, 1431 population growth 426, 498 state 329, 330 drylands 865 UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol structural 63, 104 economic and social indicators 859 ratification 492 war on terror 235 population growth 1440 urbanization rate 499 Thailand 639 victims of droughts 817 SysTem for Analysis Research and Thar Desert (Western Rajasthan, In- Sudano-Sahelian zone 1046 Training (START) 1212, 1216, 1217, dia) Suez Canal 778 1265 Community Led Water Manage- Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere systems theory 83 ment System 996 Study (SOLAS) 1253 archetype approach of UNEP 1107, geographical and climatic survival dilemma 106, 1478 1112 conditions 983, 984 sustainable conflict resolution self-referenced systems theory 1108 harsh and changing concept 462 environment 992–996 Index 1807

human settlement 983–985 paleo-technology and high Tunis Declaration, November Jal Bhagirathi Foundation technology 899 2007 371 (JBF) 992–996 sustainable future implications 899, Tunisia 204, 315, 898, 1419 population growth 985, 996 900 agricultural production 381–383, Rodwa Khurd village and achieving technological effectiveness and 497, 502 water security in the desert 994 productiveness 898 climate change impacts and traditional water management 989– Thar Desert (Western Rajasthan, vulnerability 371, 379 991 India) 989–991 drylands 865 traditional wisdom/ validity, innovative use, and integra- emigration to South European EU knowledge 989–991 tion with advanced states 507 water crisis 983–987 technology 897–899 extreme weather events/natural Water Development Group 992 traditional security 308 hazards 387, 389 Water Forum 992 Transatlantic Trends opinion poll 183, floods and droughts 388 water harvesting 989–991 185 Human Development Index Water Resource Centre, Bijolai 994, transboundary water resources (HDI) 378 995 management 954 land degradation/ Water Users’ Association 992 transboundary water sharing 976 desertification 381, 382 The Energy and Resources Institute Transboundary Waters Opportunity Nahda Party 331 (TERI), New Delhi 86 (TWO) Analysis 954 physical, social, economic thermo-haline circulation (THC) 742 Trans-Dnistria 287 profile 377, 378 Third World Climate Conference Trans-European Networks (TEN) population growth 377, 378, 498 (WCC-3), 2009 1269 initiative 521 UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol Thirty Years War, 1618–1648 31 transgenic crops see genetically modi- ratification 492 THORPEX 1268 fied organisms (GMO) 1019 urbanization rate 499 threat Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Ener- water resources 384–387, 495 definitions/concept of 62–64, 131, gy Cooperation (TREC) 518, 521 Turin 500 340, 341, 743 transnational enterprises (TNE) 1025, Turkey environmental security 1028, 1029, 1031, 1033, 1038–1040 agriculture production 217 implications 99–101 GMO 1019 Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi (AKP) human security implications 103, transnational security 308 [Justice and Development 104 transnational transgenic enterprises Party] 208–214 political term 62 1026–1029 Anavatan Partisi (ANAP) [Mother- Tinrheras 914 Transparency International’s Corrup- land Party] 212 Tlaxcala (Mexican state) 1067–1072 tion Perception Index 1420 Chamber of Civil Engineers and Togo Trilateral Commission 67 Architects 665 Ewe movement 358 Tripoli 500 Decree of Proficiency in Construc- Human Development Index 349 tropical montane rain forest tional Professions 661 violent conflict/civil war 339, 341, climate change impact 795–802 Decree of Supervision of Construc- 350 definition 789, 790 tion Processes 661 Tokelau 706 distribution 792–794 Decree on Compulsory Building Tolbert, William 364 natural disturbance 799, 801 Insurance 662 Tonga 706 negative synergetic effects of human demographic development 217 Torah 461 impact 800, 801 Demokratik Sol Parti (DSP) [Demo- Toronto Project on Environment, range retractions, expansions and bi- cratic Left Party] 212 Population and Security 749 ological invasions 799, 800 Demokratik Toplum Partisi (DTP) Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 873 structure and biodiversity 790–792 [Democratic Society Party] 211 total renewable water (TRW) 384 Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere Directorate of Civil Defence 660 tourism 729, 1259, 1353 (TOGA) project, 1985-1994 1262, Directorate of Development and dryland 851 1263, 1265 Planning 666 industry 851 Truman Doctrine 252 Directorate of Disaster Works in the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Tsunami, Indian Ocean, December Ministry of Development 664 Property Rights (TRIPS) of 2004 105, 700, 705, 1103, 1114, Directorate of Research, Planning WTO 1033, 1038 1117, 1124 and Coordination 665 traditional knowledge 391, 874, 899, human damage 1129, 1441–1443, Disaster Emergency Plan 664 1038, 1064, 1477 1445, 1447, 1448 Disaster Management Office 666 characteristics of 896 Sri Lanka 1117–1124 Disaster Management Project desert/desertification 895–900 Tuareg 342, 345 Office 665 desertification in Egypt 873 Tudjman, Franjo 224 domestic political scene since the multifunctional use and cultural Tunis 500 2002 elections 207, 208 integration 897, 898 1808 Index

Turkey Greek/Cypriot conflict 213 Met Office 766 economic transformation in the af- Israel 314 National Security Strategy 1367 termath of the 2001 crisis 217 Middle East 213, 214 terrorist attacks, July 2005 184 economic, social, and political trans- National Security Council unemployment rate 216 formations since the late 1980’s 207 meetings 209 United Kingdom Meteorological Of- Emergency Management National Security Documents 209 fice (UKMO) 779 Directorate 660 political Islam as a threat 209, 210 United Nations 277, 286–288 environmental problems 217 regional environment 213–215 climate change policy 514, 1293, 1365 European Union membership 184 Russian Federation 214–216 Decade of Education for Sustainable GAP (Southeastern Anatolian Irriga- social, demographic and environ- Development (DESD) 1299 tion Development) project 510 mental trends 217 Global Green New Deal, October genocide/deportations of the Arme- soft security issues 215–217 2008 1502 nians, 1915 215 South-South cooperation 213 Global Survey of Early Warning GHG emissions 492 struggle against terrorism 211 Systems 1437 Governorship Disaster Management Syria 214 global development network 1303 Centre (AYM) 660 territorial integrity/ethnic separa- High-Level Advisory Group on Cli- Halkin Emek Partisi (HEP) [Peo- tism threats 210, 211 mate Change launched, February ple’s Labour Party] 210 USA 211, 212 2010 1305 Kurdish separatism 210, 211 western connection issue 212, 213 High-level Panel on Threats, Chal- Law of Civil Defence 1958 659 Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool lenges and Change report, Decem- Law on Precautions and Aid Regard- (TCIP) 662 ber 2004 65, 66, 733, 1088 ing all Types of Disasters that Im- Turkish Chamber of Planners human rights pacts 1186 pacts the Community, 1959 659 (TMMOB SPO) 655, 663 In larger freedom report 66 Milliyetci Hareket Partisi (National- Turkmenistan 214, 216 Millennium Declaration 157, 694, ist Action Party) (MHP) 212 geographical conditions 526 1296, 1467 Ministry of Development 666 sand and dust storms 530 Report/Summit on Climate Change Ministry of Internal Affairs 660 violent incidents between ethnic and on, September 2009 72, 818, 819, Ministry of Public Works and political groups 525, 534 828, 1381, 1391, 1496, 1497 Settlement 656 water resources 527–529 Women, Peace and Security report, Ministry of Reconstruction and Tuvalu 706, 1355 2002 633 Resettlement 662 Tyndall Centre for Climate Change United Nations Charter 64, 65, 195, Ministry of Settlement 666 Research 42. 50 298, 300, 329, 465, 1485 NATO 196 United Nations Collaborative Pro- Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan (PKK) U gramme on Reducing Emissions [Kurdistan Workers’ Party] 210, 211, Uganda 1432 from Deforestation and Forest 214 Ministry of Finance and Economic Degradation in Developing Coun- population growth 498 Planning 1244 tries (UN-REDD) 1307, 1315, 1317 Rafah Party 331 population growth 1440 United Nations Commission on Sus- Regulation on Structures to be Built Ukraine 184, 216, 224 tainable Development in the Disaster Region 661 Orange Revolution 303 (UNCSD) 809, 1477 seismic hazard map 656 Union for the Mediterranean United Nations Committee for Devel- True Path Party (DYP) 209 (UfM) 199, 202, 203, 487–490, opment Planning (UNCDP) 146 unemployment rate 216 501, 503, 513, 516, 518–520, 522–524 United Nations Conference on Deser- UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol Mediterranean Environmental and tification (UNCOD) 804, 808, ratification 492 Human Security Initiative (MEH- 827, 831, urbanization rate 499 SEC) 515, 516 10-Year Strategic Plan and Frame- Welfare Party (RP) 209 Prevention, Preparedness and Re- work, 2008-2018 808, 823, 826, 827 Turkey, foreign/security policy sponse to Natural and Man-made Committee for Science and Tech- Caucasus 214, 215 Disasters Programme (PPRD) 517 nology (CST) 808, 827, 831 Central Asia 214–216 priority projects 488 Committee for the Review of the conceptual framework of United Arab Emirates (UAE) 315, 318, Implementation of the Convention analysis 208, 209 321, 335 (CRIC) 808, 809, 827, 831 domestic politics impacts 209–211 United Kingdom (UK) COP 5 in Geneva, 2001 808 evaluation and outlook 217, 218 climate change policy 763, 1367, COP 8 in Madrid, 2007 808, 823, European Union negotiation 1394 826 process 207, 208, 210–214, 216–218 Department for International Devel- COP 9 in Buenos Aires, 2009 808, global and regional politics opment (DFID), White Paper, 809, 824, 827 impacts 211–215 1997 77, 78, 1131 ENB final report 824 global economic integration and en- invasion of Iraq, 2003 179, 182 National Action Plans (NAPs) 860 ergy dependency 215–217 Index 1809

Plan of Action to Combat Desertifi- United Nations Development Pro- Associated Schools Project cation (PACD) 807 gramme (UNDP) 49, 101, 128, 355, Network 1299 Scientific Conference 808 516, 523, 525, 533, 534, 661, 665, 811, climate change research/pro- United Nations Conference on the En- 826, 995, 1137, 1185, 1367, 1442, 1448 grammes/activities 1293–1295, 1301 vironment and Development Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Re- Division of Water Science 448 (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, covery (BCPR) 91, 1155 earth sciences research/pro- 1992, 42, 804, 807, 837, 874, 1038, Capacity Development for the Clean grammes/activities 1298, 1299 1052, 1342, 1362, 1373, 1374, 1421, Development Mechanism 1308 ecological systems programmes 1297 1467 commitment/aims/tasks 1303, 1304 education, communication, and so- Agenda 21 952, 1373 Community Based Adaptation Pro- cial sciences programmes/ United Nations Conference on the gramme with UNESCO 1309 activities 1299 Human Environment (UNCHE) Division of Early Warning and As- Executive Board 1293 in Stockholm, 1972 50, 1362 sessment (DEWA) 91 gender equality priority 1298 United Nations Convention on Biolog- environmental finance services 1306 Groundwater for Emergency Situa- ical Diversity (CBD) 34, 42, 390, GEF adaptation portfolio 1309 tions (GWES) 1296 539, 808, 1032, 1052, 1217, 1218, Human Development Report human security 102 1237, 1241, 1271, 1300, 1337, 1418 (HDR) 831, 1304, 1305, 1311 International Flood Initiative Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, human security approach 102, 731, (IFI) 1298 2000 1020, 1033, 1039 1303 International Geosciences Pro- COP 8 in Curitiba, Brazil, human security concept 102 gramme (IGCP) 1298, 1301 2006 1218 land use and land use change International Hydrological Pro- COP 9 in Bonn, 2008 1217, 1218, (LULUC) 1308 gramme (IHP) 448, 1296, 1298, 1301 1244 National Adaptation Plans of Action local and indigenous COP 10 in Nagoya, 2010 1244 (NAPAs) 1309 knowledge 1299, 1300 Global Taxonomy Initiative National Climate Change Vulnera- Local and Indigenous Knowledge (GTI) 1237 bility Assessments 1309 Systems (LINKS) programme 1299 living modified organisms Office for Development Mainstreaming Awareness and Miti- (LMO) 1033 Studies 1416 gation of Marine-Related Hazards Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Tech- Poverty and Environment Initiative and Risks in Integrated Coastal Area nical and Technological Advice (PEI) 1307 Management 1301 (SBSTTA) 808, 1217 Reducing Disaster Risk – A Chal- Man and the Biosphere Programme United Nations Conventions on hu- lenge for Development report, (MAB) 1297, 1298, 1301 man rights and non- 2004 76, 77, 93 Management of Social Transforma- discrimination 1172 United Nations Development Pro- tion (MOST) programme 1299, 1301 United Nations Convention to Com- gramme (UNDP), climate change Mauritius Strategy 1300 bat Desertification (UNCCD), reaction/approach mountains, coasts, and small islands 1994 34, 42, 379, 390, 539, 804, adaptation profiles 1316 programmes/activities 1300, 1301 836, 837, 855, 873, 874, 885, 893, climate analogues 1315 natural hazards research/pro- 1218, 1271, 1298 developing countries capacity grammes/activities 1293, 1294, 1297, Art. 1 805 strengthening 1311–1318 1298, 1301 Building Linkage between Environ- enhancing countries’ adaptive Protection of the World Cultural mental Conventions and capacities 1309, 1310, 1313 and Natural Heritage of 1972 1300 Initiatives 897 data for vulnerability analysis 1314 Sandwatch initiative 1300 Global Mechanism (GM) 857, 858 experience with 1305–1309 Small Island Developing States combating desertification aims/ human development issue 1303 (SIDS) Programme 1299–1301 strategies 805 mitigation experience 1307, 1308 sustainable development 1293, 1297 1318 National Action Programmes outlook and evaluation The Ocean in a High CO2 World (PAN) 860, 1052 scaling up climate change symposium 1295 scientific and conceptual political action 1310–1318 University Twinning and Network- debate 807 strategic priorities 1310–1318 ing Scheme (UNITWIN) Secretariat 805, 806, 1218 United Nations Economic and Social Network 1299, 1301 United Nations Department of Hu- Commission for Asia and the Pa- Water Programme for Environmen- manitarian Affairs (UN- cific (UNESCAP) 975, 978 tal Sustainability 1296 DHA) 560, 695 United Nations Economic Commis- water resources research/pro- United Nations Disaster Relief Organ- sion for Africa (UNECA) grammes/activities 1296 ization (UNDRO) 91, 92, 113, 560, North Africa Office 371, 381 World Heritage Centre 1300 695 United Nations Educational, Scientific World Heritage Preservation 27, and Cultural Organization 1300 (UNESCO) 102, 113, 433, 766, 807, World Water Assessment 826, 897, 1237, 1261, 1309 Programme 1296 1810 Index

United Nations Environment Pro- Joint Implementation (JI) 753, 1323, United Nations Human Settlements gramme (UNEP) 42, 46, 49, 75, 1331, 1374, 1375 Programme (UN Habitat) 669 101, 139, 378, 391, 431, 432, 441, 516, Kyoto Conference/Protocol, United Nations International Chil- 523, 533, 733, 765, 766, 807, 811, 820, 1997 43, 185, 336, 489, 491, 492, 539, dren’s Emergency Fund 826, 897, 1185, 1242, 1261, 1264, 762, 763, 846, 1291, 1319, 1327, 1338, (UNICEF) 399 1271, 1306, 1307, 1441, 1476, 1491 1340, 1352, 1361, 1362, 1374–1378, United Nations International Strategy archetype approach 1107, 1112 1381, 1383–1387, 1390, 1393, 1395, 1397, for Disaster Reduction Blue Plan 486, 488, 490, 493, 495, 1415, 1499, 1500 (UNISDR) 94, 131, 132, 1116, 1200, 496, 501, 502 Least Developed Countries Fund 1228 1297 Capacity Building for Stage II Adap- (LDCF) 1309 United Nations International Decade tation to Climate Change in Central Nairobi Work Programme 1217 for Natural Disaster Reduction America, Mexico and Cuba 1072, National Adaptation Plans of Action (IDNDR) 560 1078 (NAPAs) 1309 United Nations Mission in Sierra Leo- Co-ordinating Unit for the Mediter- Nationally Appropriate Mitigation ne (UNAMSIL) 364, 365 ranean Action Plan (MEDU) 488 Actions (NAMAs) 1319, 1329, 1330 United Nations Office for the Coordi- Executive Director 1247 National Communication (NAT- nation of Humanitarian Affairs Global Environmental Outlook COM) of India 986, 1062 (UNOCHA) 49, 415, 423, 1185 (GEO) reports 825, 1109, 1111, 1112, National Communication (NAT- United Nations Office in West Africa 1116 COM) of Jordan 405–407 (UNOWA) 365, 366 Innovative Communities National Climate Change Vulnera- United Nations Office on Drugs and Initiative 1058 bility Assessments 1309 Crime (UNODC) 366 Mediterranean Action Plan Nigeria 681 United Nations Population (MAP) 488, 490, 493–495, 501, 502 ratification of Mediterranean Division 17, 18, 815, 957, 1151 Mediterranean Committee on Sus- countries 489–492 United Nations Relief and Works tainable Development (MCSD) 488 Secretariat 489, 491, 492, 1217 Agency (UNRWA) 413 Mediterranean Strategy for Sustaina- Subsidiary Body for Scientific and United Nations Sahelo-Sudanian Of- ble Development (MSSD) 488 Technological Advice (SBSTA) 808, fice (UNSO) 807 Regional Seas Programmes 488 1217, 1394 United Nations Secretary-General Security First scenario 825 United Nations Framework Conven- (UNSG) State of the Environment and Devel- tion on Climate Change Climate Change and its Possible Se- opment in the Mediterranean (UNFCCC), Conference of Parties curity Implications report, 2009 72, report 493 (COP) 818, 819, 828, 1496, 1497 Sustainability First scenario 825 COP 1 in Berlin, 1995 42, 1500 Millennium Report, 2000 32 United Nations Framework Conven- COP 3 in Kyoto, 1997 42, 1381 United Nations Security Council tion on Climate Change COP 6, in The Hague, 2000 1384, (UNSC) 193, 207, 294, 295, 300 (UNFCCC) 34, 42, 390, 539, 720, 1385 decisions on humanitarian 754, 808, 814, 1052, 1214, 1217, 1247, COP 7, in Marrakesh, 2001 1384 interventions 65 1262, 1264, 1269–1271, 1284, 1294, COP 8 in New Delhi, 2002 1375, climate change security implications 1307, 1318, 1337, 1339, 1358 1377 discussion 735 Annex I 1499 COP 9 in Milan, 2003 1386 United Nations Special Committee on Article 2 746, 755, 1397, 1399 COP 12 in Nairobi, 2006 1375 Palestine (UNSCOP) 464 Bali Action Plan/Roadmap, COP 13 in Bali, 2007 720, 1283, United Nations University (UNU) 47, 2007 720, 1291, 1305, 1319, 1329, 1291, 1293, 1305, 1327, 1352, 1388, 1389 820, 826, 860, 1225, 1297, 1477 1376, 1389, COP 14 in Poznan, 2008 1291 Innovative Communities Berlin Mandate, 1995 42 COP 15 in Copenhagen, 2009 4, 5, Initiative 1058 Buenos Aires Plan of Action, 43, 51, 493, 1305, 1331, 1355, 1358, Institute for Human and Environ- 1998 1377 1361, 1362, 1364, 1365, 1389, 1393, mental Security 355 China 1338, 1339, 1373–1377 1400, 1493, 1498, 1500 United Nations University, Institute for Common but Differential Responsi- COP 16 in Cancún, 2010 1305, 1318, Environment and Human Security bilities CBDR) principle 1377, 1386 1364, 1365 (UNU-EHS) 105, 128, 355, 1124, Copenhagen Accord, 2009 1305, United Nations General Assembly 1448 1318, 1355, 1357, 1361, 1393, 1399, 1498 (UNGA) 145, 202, 297, 804, 954, MunichRe Chairs on Social Copenhagen Green Climate Fund 1002 Vulnerability 78 (CGCF) 1311 climate change resolution 34 United Nations Volunteers Copenhagen Scientific Climate Con- High-level session on climate (UNV) 1309 ference report, 2009 773 change 720 United Nations World Food Pro- earth sciences 1298, 1299 United Nations High Commissioner gramme (WFP) 47, 811, 824 European Union 1329 for Human Rights United States Agency for International Japan 1339 (UNHCR) 1300 Development (USAID) 1050, 1154 Index 1811

United States Army Corps of Engi- native Mexican residents 1180 Quadrennial Defense Review neers (USACE) 1410 Obama-Medvedev Joint Statement (QDR) and security vulnerabilities United States Center for Naval of 1 April 2009 8 references 268 Analyses 1367 Patriot Act 732 United States of America (USA), secu- United States Department of Agricul- Supreme Court 1020 rity policy ture (USDA) 1031 unemployment rate 216 Afghanistan 259, 266, 267 United States Department of Defense war on terror (WoT) policy after the Armed Force 258 (DoD) 250, 251, 253, 254, 267–270, 9/11 attack 180 ballistic missile defence plans in the 273 West Africa policy 357 Czech Republic and Poland 8 United States Department of United States of America (USA), cli- Bush (George W.) administration Energy 1379 mate change and national security United States Environment Protection dialogue and cooperation with documents 64, 249, 250, 252–254, Agency (EPA) 399, 1025, 1026 China 1379, 1380 257–261, 263, 264, 266, 273, 274 United States Federal Emergency Man- Global Trends 2025: A Transformed Bush (George) administration and agement Agency (FEMA) 91, 681, World, report of the CIA, 2008 35, national security documents 249, 1114 36, 828, 1369 250, 252–255, 260, 272, 273 United States Food and Drug Adminis- greenhouse gases (GHGs). 1377, China 254, 255, 260, 261, 267, 269, tration (FDA) 1020, 1022, 1030, 1379, 1397, 1398, 271 1036 impacts 1259 climate change 35, 36, 64, 256, 257, United States National Research international negotiations/ 259, 262, 269–271, 273, 274, 422,828, Council 91 UNFCCC 762, 763, 1327, 1329, 1339, 1369 United States of America (USA) 1355, 1361, 1362, 1364, 1365, 1381, 1384, Clinton administration and national Africa Command 357 1386, 1388–1391, 1394, 1500 security documents 249, 250, 252– African Contingency Operations security threats implications 64, 422 258, 260–264, 266, 270, 273, 274 Training Assistance (ACOTA) 357 United States of America (USA), na- contrasting worldviews and aquaculture 849 tional security documents mindsets 250–252 Civil Rights Act of 1964 1175 national military and defense strate- Draft Defense Planning Guidance, civil rights movements 1170 gy documents and security threats, 1992 252, 272 deemphasizing the role of nuclear challenges, vulnerabilities and risks environmental degradation/threats weapons 8 references 272, 273 255–261, 264, 265, 267, 269–273, 274 dependence on Arab sources of oil National Security Strategies (NSS) Global Threat Reduction and gas 185 and risk references 263–265 Initiative 271 Dust Bowl during the 1930’s 805 National Security Strategies (NSS) House Committee on Armed Equal Employment Opportunity and security challenges Services 254 Commission (EEOC) 1174 references 260–262 India 264 GMO/transgenic technologies National Security Strategies (NSS) International Nuclear Material Pro- use 1020, 1022–1026, 1028, 1030, and security vulnerabilities tection and Cooperation 1036 references 262, 263 Program 271 Greater Middle East Initiative National Security Strategies (NSS) international terrorism 252–269, (GMEI), 2004 331, 333 and threats references 64, 255–260 271, 274 Green New Deal 1381 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) and Iran 255, 261, 266 Guantánamo camp 5 security challenges references 270, Iraq 255, 258, 259, 266, 268, 273 homeland security 243 271 Middle East 251, 259, 260, 264, 266 House of Representatives 1327 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) and National Defense Strategy 250, 273 illegal immigrants from Mexico 99 security risks references 270, 271 National Military Strategies immigration laws 1180 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) and (NMS) 250, 252–254, 273, 732 institutional and ethnic discrimina- security threats references 270, 271 National Security Decision Directive tion in San Angelo, Texas 1177 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) and (NSDD) 270 invasion of Iraq, 2003 179, 182, 207 security vulnerabilities national security in history 249 Joint Chiefs of Staff 250, 253, 254, references 270, 271 National Security Strategy (NSS), 268, 273 Quadrennial Defense Review 1991 250, 252–255, 260, 262–264, Middle East Partnership Initiative (QDR) and security challenges 272, 273 (MEPI), 2002 331 references 267, 268 National Security Strategy (NSS), migration 855 Quadrennial Defense Review 1994 250, 252 National Intelligence Council 35, (QDR) and security risks National Security Strategy (NSS), 828 references 268–270 1996 250, 252–254, 256, 261, 262, National Intelligence for Analysis Quadrennial Defense Review 264, 273 and Chairman 35 (QDR) and security threats National Security Strategy (NSS), National Security Council Memo- references 265–267 1997 253 randum, 1998 757 1812 Index

United States of America (USA), secu- Universal Declaration on Human violent incidents between ethnic and rity policy Rights (UDHR) 396, 633 political groups 525, 526, 533, 534 National Security Strategy (NSS), Universal Soil Loss Equation water resources 527–529 1998 250, 252–254, 256, 257, 261– (USLE) 870 264, 273, 274 University Consortium of Small Island V National Security Strategy (NSS), States 1301 Vajpayee, Atal Bihari 1338 2000 250, 252–254, 257, 261, 263, University Twinning and Networking Vanhanen, Matti 237, 247 264 Scheme (UNITWIN) Vanuata 706 National Security Strategy (NSS), Network 1299, 1301 Venezuela 745, 1348, 1355 2002 181, 182, 250, 252–254, 257, 258, Upper Catchment of the Jordan River climate change/natural hazards 261, 263, 264, 331 (UCJR) 436 impacts 585–587, 589, 590, 598 National Security Strategy (NSS), Uppsala Conflict Data Program Veracruz (Mexican state) 1067 –1069, 2006 250, 252, 253, 258, 261, 263, 265 (UCDP) 821 1072, 1073, 1075, 1077, 1078 National Security Strategy (NSS), Urban Earthquake Disaster Risk Index very large scale photovoltaic power 2010 252, 253, 258, 259, 261–263, (EDRI) 140 (VLPVP) 851 265, 273, 274 urban governance 613 Vía Campesina 46, 1027 NATO 252, 255, 264, 266, 270, 271 urban livelihoods 503 Vietnam 745 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), urban planning 1093 flood mitigation 639 1994 250, 253, 263, 270, 273 Urban Research Programme, Griffith sea-level rise 973 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), University, Brisbane 150 violent conflict 2001 250, 253, 254, 270 Urban Seismic Risk index (USRi) 117, indicator system of risk 1415–1426 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), 118 West Africa 339–351 2010 250, 253, 254, 271 urban vulnerability Virgin Islands 1301 nuclear weapons/strategy 249, 252– adaptation 553, 556, 557 Virolainen, Johannes 240 255, 258–261, 263–265, 267, 268, 270, climate change impacts 552–558 Virtual Research Associates 271, 273 early warning and evacuation 553, (VRA) 1432 Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Re- 554 virtual water 502 duction effort 255 exposure 553 Vladimirov, Aleksandr 277 Obama administration and national hazard mitigation 553, 554 volcano (definition) 714 security documents 64, 249, 250, heat wave/stress impact 1092, 1093, voluntary risk 90 252–255, 258–263, 265, 267, 271, 273, 1095–1099 Voynet, Dominique 763 274 meaning and vulnerability 75, 125, 725 Pakistan 259, 264, 267 conceptualization 549–552 access model 566, 567 pre-emptive strike 180, 182 Nigeria 672–687 action theory approaches 125 premises of philosophies on nation- poverty related to disasters and cli- analytical framework for assessment al security strategy 252 mate change 552–558 through analytical slicing 563, 564 Presidential Decision Directive resilience 553, 555, 556 assessment concept 73 62 257 resistance 553–555 BBC conceptual framework 75, 128, Presidential Decision (PD) 48 270 urbanization 3, 451, 578, 647, 819, 832, 1152, 1153 Quadrennial Defence Review 1221 capacity assessment models 131, 132, (QDR), 1997 250, 265–268 Bangladesh 975 565, 566 Quadrennial Defence Review climate change impacts 669 categories of 561 (QDR), 2001 64, 250, 253, 266–269 desertification 894, 895 climate research community 71, 72 Quadrennial Defence Review dryland 850, 851 climate change impacts 1333 (QDR), 2006 250, 253, 266–269 Egypt 777, 867–869 concepts/definitions 67, 75, 76, 113, Quadrennial Defence Review global 19–21, 675, 850, 1181 125–129, 560–562, 669, 740, 856, (QDR), 2010 64, 250, 253, 267–270, Mediterranean region 496, 497, 1129, 1130 274 499, 500 costs as cause 69 Quadrennial Homeland Security Re- Mexico City 1178, 1179 crisis and conflict theory, 126 view, 2010 254 Sahel 1047, 1048 cultural dimension 116 Russia 254, 255, 261, 266, 267, 271 West Africa 358 disaster risk community Silverman Commission 258 Urbanization and Global Environmen- approach 75 weapons of mass destruction tal Change (UGEC) 1224 disaster impact 131 (WMD) proliferation 6, 180, 251, Uruguay 1348 economic dimension 115 252, 254, 255, 258–261, 264, 266–271, Uruguay Round (world trade educational dimension 116 273 negotiations) 1007 entitlement approach 151 United States Population Reference Uzbekistan 214, 300, 850 environment, development and early Bureau (PRB) 425 geographical conditions 526 warning community 75–77 salinization of soil 533 environmental dimension 115, 145 sand and dust storms 530 Index 1813

environmental security security-related discourse 123–140 water conflict 821 implications 99–101 social cause 1152–1154 Middle East 509, 510 evaluation of the quinquennium for social dimension 116, 127 water erosion 810, 919 the reduction of 1156 social resilience/structure 69 Egypt 870 exposure and insufficient social, economic, and ecological water harvesting 386, 845 capacities 68, 127 fragility 114 water imports 454 external (environmental) and inter- socio-ecological exposure 563 water management 721, 927, 948, nal (human) distinction 74, 75, 561 socio-economic fragility 69, 564 1008, 1296 external (trade- and exchange-relat- strategic and security studies 78 Amu and Syr Darya (Central ed) shocks 145 stress (stressor) impact 131 Asia) 529 frameworks to analyse 562–567 technical 564 Bangladesh 969, 970, 975, 976, 978– GDP 76 threat impact 131 981 global change research community types of 126 crisis in South Asia 978 approach 70, 71, 75 urban development 670 environmental trade-off 949 hazard and risk relationship 89–92, vulnerability, regions/countries Latin America 1345 130, 131 coastal ecosystems in Latin traditional in the Thar Desert (West- hazard research community 73–75 America 593–595 ern Rajasthan, India) 989–991 Human Development Index 76 economy and poverty factors in Sri water negotiation holistic approach 69, 75, 127 Lanka 1136–1138, 1145 risks 760, 761, 763, 764 human security implications 103, landslides in La Paz 567–574 water recycling 104 livelihood factors in Sri Lanka 1138, holistic approach 400 Human, Gender and Environmental 1139 water resources/scarcity 970, 981, Security (HUGE) 152 Mediterranean region 490 1305 human-ecological perspectives 125 socio-political factors in Sri Asia 494 indicators 593 Lanka 1134, 1135 Bangladesh 970–981, inductive and deductive West Africa 361–367 cause of conflict 422, 510, 721, 722 approaches 119, 120 vulnerability and capacity assessment Central Asia 527–530 institutional dimension 116, 564 (VCA) 74, 78, 563, 565, 573 China 528–530, 535, 957, 958, 961– juridical-legal 564 vulnerability index 963, 965, 967 lack of resilience 69, 114 Budapest 1098, 1099 climate change impact in Bangla- livelihood approaches 567 mapped 1094, 1099 desh 970 mapping and risk Vulnerability Network and climate change impact in the Middle management 1094, 1099 Observatory 125 East 448–450 multidisciplinary studies 123 Vulnerability, Resilience and Adapta- economic development 948, 949 Natural Disasters and Vulnerability tion (VRA) 1228 cooperation between states 722 Analysis report 113 crisis in the Thar Desert nature as cause 69 W (India) 983–987 physical (habitat) dimension 115 Wales school (security studies) 236 development and management out- physical exposure 69, 114, 563 warfare comes/minimizing negative trade- physical weakness 564 asymmetric forms of 63 off 953, 954 physical, socio-economic Warsaw Treaty 191 economic development and environ- fragility 127 Washington Institute for Near East mental trade-off 947–950 political and societal term 67 Policy 333 Egypt 765, 774, 868 political dimension 116, 564 Washington, George 249 India 1062, 1064 political economy approaches 75, waste management 574, 1288 Israel 450–458 125 Nigeria 675 Iullemeden Aquifer System pressure and release (PAR) wastewater 539, 675 (IAS) 997, 1004 model 567 risks in Delhi (India) 613–623 Jordan 395–407 process-based interpretation 127 management in Palestine 418 Maghreb/North Africa 383–387 psychological and cultural 564 treatment 391 Mediterranean region 502 quantification 128, 129 wastewater treatment plants Middle East and North Africa rapid appraisals 1130 (WWTPs) 399 (MENA) 423, 424, 495 resilience and adaptation water balance Morocco 913 interaction 132, 1056, 1057 Iullemeden Aquifer System oases of Tafilalet (Morocco) 907– risk impact 129, 130, 560–562 (IAS) 1003 911, 913–916, 919 risk measurement relevance 114–117 water boxes Palestine 409–419, 424, 426, 452– scientific concept 68–77 entarquinamiento system 887, 888 458 security and securitization (systemic La Comarca Lagunera 887 progressive development model interpretation) 132–136, 154 947, 948 security challenge 132, 136, 137 1814 Index

water resources/scarcity insecurity and the end of the Cold The Economic Effects of Restricted sustainable development in dryland War 363, 364 Access to Land in the West Bank re- regions 447, 448 intra-state armed conflicts 341–345, port, 2008 415 Spain 945 351 World Business Council on Sustaina- unaccounted for water (UFW 412 mercenarism 347, 348, 351 ble Development (WBCSD) 1501 UNESCO 1296 panoply of 339, 340 World Climate Conference, 1979 1261 water rights 438 security risks and World Climate Programme water security 511, 970–981 vulnerabilities 361–367 (WCP) 1261 concept of 949 small arms and light weapons World Climate Research Programme non-climatic conditions and govern- (SALWs) proliferation 345, 346, (WCRP) 33, 39, 42, 808, 1206, ance relationship 978 349–351, 363 1208, 1210, 1212–1219, 1225, 1238, Watson, James 1020 socio-/economical vulnerabilities 1294, 1465 Waxman-Markey bill 1327, 1329, 1391 impacts 348–350 achievements 1262–1265 weak governance 525, 1152 state weakness concept 358–361 Achievements, Benefits and Chal- Bangladesh 975–978 sub-regional responses and the role lenge conference, Geneva, South Asia 977 of ECOWAS 350, 358, 363 1997 1261 structures 747 threats discourses on security and Arctic Climate System Study weapon laboratories 9 the state 356–358 (ACSYS) project 1262, 1263 weapons of mass destruction West African Action Network on capacity building 1265 (WMD) 6, 66, 280, 284, 287, 1485 Small Arms (WANSA) 346 challenges and opportunities 1265, European Union and Free Zone/ West Bank 409–416, 418, 421, 424, 1266 elimination of all types from the 426, 429, 430, 435–437, 442, 443, Climate and Cryosphere (CliC) Middle East 317, 318 453, 468 project 1263 proliferation 179, 182, 184, 187, 190, Fathia 201 climate change detection, attribu- 220, 280, 284, 287, 298, 341 West Ghor Canal (WGC) 438 tion and projection 1264 USA and proliferation 180, 257, 258, Western Aquifer System (WAS) 430, Climate Variability and Predictability 266, 267, 271 433, 437 (CLIVAR) project 1262, 1263, 1265 weather forecasts/prediction 1259, Western European Union (WEU) 282 coordinating of climate science 1271 1265 Western Sahara conflict 200, 325 establishment and objectives 1207, Weber, Max 119, 355, 1178 Westphalia Treaty, 1648 6, 31 1261, 1262 Weberian state 243 Wider Caribbean region 586, 591 future strategy 1267–1270 Wei Zheng 637 wind energy 538 global climate data sets 1264, 1265 Weltanschauung (German) 1490 mixing policies and financing Global Energy and Water Cycle Ex- Wen Jiabao 1371, 1374 approach 1317 periment (GEWEX) project 1262, Wertidee (German) 61 wind erosion 810 1264 West Africa Egypt 870 global water cycle 1264 boat people 725 Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ) 870 historical atmospheric and oceanic Human Development Index wind power 539, 1373 conditions 1265 (HDI) 349, 358 win-win’ situation 307, 311 International Conference on Reanal- Mano River Union (MRU) 339, 347 Wolfowitz, Paul 252, 272, 273 ysis held in Tokyo, 2008 1265 Official Development Assistance Woodrow Wilson Center’s Environ- ocean and climate models 1262, (ODA) 358, 359 mental Change and Security 1263 people and drug trafficking 366 Project 749 predictability of climate and effect urbanization 358 Workplace Self-protective Behaviour of human activities on climate West Africa, military challenges/ model 648 objectives 1257 threats World Bank 47, 49, 169, 391, 520, 661, Regional Climate Modelling and abysmal level of insecurity 353 696, 826, 948, 1050, 1171, 1297, Downscaling Task Group 1269 anti-democratic and dictatorial 1306, 1307, 1339, 1353, 1376, 1417, science policy interface 1271 rulers 354 1474 seasonal climate predictions 1262 child soldierism 346, 347, 351, 367 AAA Program report 453 snow, ice, frozen ground and conflicts and insecurity 364–367 Carbon Finance Unit 753 climate 1263 disarmament, demobilization and Clean Technology Fund (CTF) 522 Strategic Framework 2005- 2015, Co- reintegration of combatants (DDR) Country Policy and Institutional As- ordinated Observation and Predic- failure 364 sessment (CPIA) 145, 170 tion of the Earth System 1267, 1268 evaluation and outlook 351, 367, 368 Forest Carbon Partnership Facility Stratospheric Processes and their human rights violations in (FCPF) 1307 Role in Climate (SPARC) conflicts 367 Independent Evaluation Group project 1264 human security 354, 355, 362 (IEG) 171 stratospheric temperature trends imperatives of state survival 359–361 Purchasing Power Parity and vertical distribution of poverty 840 ozone 1264 Index 1815

Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere World Summit on Sustainable Devel- (TOGA) Project, 1985-1994 1262, opment (WSSD) in Johannesburg, 1263, 1265 2002 32, 439, 809, 827, 1357, 1375, World Modelling Summit for Cli- 1467 mate Prediction 1268 Word Trade Organization (WTO) 7, World Ocean Circulation Experi- 723, 1024, 1038, 1170, 1327 ment (WOCE), 1990-2002 1262, Agreement on Agriculture 856, 1263, 1265 1038, 1170, 1327 Working Group on Coupled Model- Technical Barriers to Trade ling (WGCM) 1215 (TBT) 1033 World Commission on Environment Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectu- and Development 42 al Property Rights (TRIPS) 1033, Our Common Future 1008 1038 World Conference on Disaster Reduc- World Water Assessment tion (WCDR) in Kobe, January Programme 1296 2005 93, 1298 World Water Development World Economic Forum in Shuneh, Report 1296 Jordan, May 2009 324 World Water Forum 34, 433, 952 World Energy Outlook 1328, 1370 World Water Week 952 World Federation of UN Associations World Weather Research Programme (WFUNA) 372 (WWRP) 1268 World Health Organization World Wide Fund For Nature (WHO) 47, 310, 397, 399, 400, (WWF) 42, 441, 1348, 1390 415, 427, 695, 824, 826 worldview concept 1490 Department of Communicable Dis- Worldwatch Institute 388, 732 ease Surveillance and Response 703 Worldwide Hydrological Mapping and Regional Centre for Environmental Assessments Programme 1296 Health Activities (CEHA) 400 World Heritage Convention 1300 X World Heritage Preservation 1300 xenophobia 1171, 1176, 1181 World Intellectual Property Organiza- tion (WIPO) Y Intergovernmental Committee on Yale University 1477 Intellectual Property and Genetic Yangtze River 637, 641, 962 Resources, Traditional Knowledge Yellow River 961 1177 and Folklore Yeltsin, Boris 276, 277, 279, 281, 283– World Meteorological Organization 286, 292, 297, 301 449, 516, 523, 826, 1257, (WMO) Yemen 315, 322, 552 1261, 1264, 1271, 1294 drylands 865 Technical Commission for Yin Chengjie 1370 1295 Oceanography Yin-Yang principle 645 World Climate and Water Yokohama Strategy for a Safer World. 1268 Programmes Guidelines for Natural Disaster World Weather Research Prevention, Preparedness and Mit- 1268 Programme igation and its Plan of Action in World Military Expenditures and Arms 1994 93 1416 Transfers rankings Yugoslavia conflicts 508, 509 World Nuclear Security Summit 5 World Ocean Circulation Experiment Z (WOCE), 1990-2002 1262, 1263, 1265 Zaire 159 1374 World Population Prospects, 2008 Zeng Peiyan 820 Zhang Yesui 1338 Revision 1375 World Resources Institute Zhu Rongji 1237, 1476 Zimbabwe 1415 (WRI) 334 world risk society Zogby International consequences and perspectives 14, Zones of Possible Agreement 15 (ZOPA) 1365 11, 12 Zukunftsangst (German) 1361 new about 1415 theory of 12, 13 Zuma, Jacob Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace (HESP)

This book series includes monographs and edited volumes that cross scientific disciplines and develop common ground among scientists from the natural and social sciences, as well as from North and South, addressing common challenges and risks for humankind in the 21st century. The ‘hexagon’ represents six key factors contributing to global environmental change – three nature-induced or supply factors: soil, water and air (atmosphere and climate), and three human-induced or demand factors: population (growth), urban systems (habitat, pollution) and rural systems (agriculture, food). Throughout the history of the earth and of homo sapiens these six factors have interacted. The supply factors have created the pre- conditions for life while human behaviour and economic consumption patterns have also contributed to its challenges (increase in extreme weather events) and fatal outcomes for human beings and society. The series covers the complex interactions among these six fac- tors and their often extreme and in a few cases fatal outcomes (hazards/disasters, internal displacement and migrations, crises and conflicts), as well as crucial social science con- cepts relevant for their analysis. Further issues related to three basic areas of research: approaches and schools of environ- ment, security, and peace, especially in the environmental security realm and from a human security perspective, will be addressed. The goal of this book series is to contribute to a fourth phase of research on environmental security from a normative peace research and/ or human security perspective. In this series, the editor welcomes books by natural and so- cial scientists, as well as by multidisciplinary teams of authors. The material should address issues of global change (including climate change, desertification, deforestation), and its impacts on humankind (natural hazards and disasters), on environmentally-induced migra- tion, on crises and conflicts, as well as for cooperative strategies to cope with these chal- lenges either locally or in the framework of international organizations and regimes. From a human-centred perspective, this book series offers a platform for scientific commu- nities dealing with global environmental and climate change, disaster reduction, human, en- vironmental and gender security, peace and conflict research, as well as for the humanitar- ian aid and the policy community in national governments and international organizations. The series editor welcomes brief concept outlines and original manuscripts as proposals. If they are considered of relevance, these proposals will be peer-reviewed by specialists in the field from the natural and the social sciences. Inclusion in this series will also require a pos- itive decision by the publisher’s international editorial conference. Prior to publication, the manuscripts will be assessed by the series editor and external peer reviewers. Mosbach, Germany, August 2010 Hans Günter Brauch, Free University of Berlin and AFES-PRESS Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace (HESP) Edited by Hans Günter Brauch, Free University of Berlin, UNU-EHS and AFES-PRESS

Vol. 1: Hans Günter Brauch, P. H. Liotta, Antonio Marquina, Paul Rogers, Mohammad El-Sayed Selim (Eds.): Security and Environment in the Mediterranean - Concep- tualising Security and Environmental Conflicts. With Forewords by the Hon. Lord Robertson, Secretary General of NATO, and the Hon. Amre Moussa, Secre- tary General of the League of Arab States (Berlin – Heidelberg – New York: Sprin- ger, 2003).

ISBN: 978-3-540-40107-0

Vol. 2: Hillel Shuval, Hassan Dweik (Eds.): Water Resources in the Middle East: Israel- Palestinian Water Issues – from Conflict to Cooperation (Berlin – Heidelberg – New York: Springer-Verlag, 2007).

ISBN: 978-3-540-69508-0 (Print) ISBN: 978-3-540-69509-7 (Online) DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-69509-7

Vol. 3: Hans Günter Brauch, Úrsula Oswald Spring, Czeslaw Mesjasz, John Grin, Pál Dunay, Navnita Chadha Behera, Béchir Chourou, Patricia Kameri-Mbote, P.H. Liotta (Eds.): Globalization and Environmental Challenges: Reconceptualizing Security in the 21st Century (Berlin – Heidelberg – New York: Springer-Verlag, 2008).

ISBN : 978-3-540-75976-8 (Print) ISBN : 978-3-540-75977-5 (Online) DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-75977-5

Vol. 4: Hans Günter Brauch, Úrsula Oswald Spring, John Grin, Czeslaw Mesjasz, Patricia Kameri-Mbote, Navnita Chadha Behera, Béchir Chourou, Heinz Krummenacher (Eds.): Facing Global Environmental Change: Environmental, Human, Energy, Food, Health and Water Security Concepts (Berlin – Heidelberg – New York: Sprin- ger-Verlag, 2009).

ISBN: 978-3-540-68487-9 (Print) ISBN: 978-3-540-68488-6 (Online) DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-68488-6

Vol. 5: Hans Günter Brauch, Úrsula Oswald Spring, Czeslaw Mesjasz, John Grin, Patricia Kameri-Mbote, Béchir Chourou, Pal Dunay, Jörn Birkmann (Eds.): Coping with Global Environmental Change, Disasters and Security - Threats, Challenges, Vul- nerabilities and Risks (Berlin - Heidelberg - New York: Springer-Verlag, 2011).

ISBN: 978-3-540-12345-6 (Print) ISBN: 978-3-540-12345-6 (Online) DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-12345-6 In Production

Vol. 6: ThanhDam Truong, Des Gapter (Eds.): Transnational Migration: The Migration - Development - Security Nexus. Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace, vol. 6 ( Berlin - Heidelberg - New York: Springer-Verlag, 2011).

Vol. 7: Úrsula Oswald Spring (Ed.): Water Resources in Mexico. Scarcity, Degradation, Stress, Conflicts, Management, and Policy. Hexagon Series on Human and Envi- ronmental Security and Peace, vol. 7 (Berlin - Heidelberg - New York: Springer-Ver- lag, 2011).

In Preparation

Vol. 8: Jürgen Scheffran; Michael Brzoska; Hans Günter Brauch; Peter Michael Link; Janpeter Schilling (Eds.): Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict: Challenges for Societal Stability. Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace, vol. 8 Berlin - Heidelberg - New York: Springer-Verlag, 2011).

Vol. 9: Czeslaw Mesjasz: Stability, Turbulence or Chaos? Systems Thinking and Security. Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace, vol. 9 (Berlin - Heidelberg - New York: Springer-Verlag, 2012).

Authors or editors who would like to have their publication project considered for inclu- sion in this series should contact both the series editor: PD Dr. phil. habil. Hans Günter Brauch, Alte Bergsteige 47, 74821 Mosbach, Germany Phone: 49-6261-12912 FAX: 49-6261-15695 Email [email protected] http://www.afes-press.de and http://www.afes-press-books.de/html/hexagon.htm and the publisher: Dr. Christian Witschel, Editorial Director, Earth Sciences, Geosciences Editorial, Springer-Verlag Tiergartenstraße 17, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany Email [email protected] http://www.springer.com