Open Domain Factoid Question Answering Systems
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Abbreviations
Abbreviations A1B One of the IPCC SRES scenarios AIS Asociación Colombiana de Ingeniería ABM anti-ballistic missile Sísmica [Colombian Association for AA Auswärtiges Amt [Federal Ministry for Earthquake Engineering] Foreign Affairs, Germany] AKOM Afet Koordinasyon Merkezi [Istanbul ACOTA African Contingency Operations Training Metropolitan Municipality Disaster Assistance Coordination Centre] ACRS Arms Control and Regional Security AKP Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi [Justice and ACSAD Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones Development Party] and Dry Lands AKUF AG Kriegsursachenforschung [Study Group ACSYS Arctic Climate System Study on the Causes of War] (at Hamburg ACUNU American Council for the United Nations University) University AL Arab League AD anno domini [after Christ] AMMA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis ADAM Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies: Project Supporting European Climate Policy (EU AMU Arab Maghreb Union funded project) An. 1 Annex 1 countries (under UNFCCC) ADB Asian Development Bank An. B Annex B countries (under Kyoto Protocol) ADRC Asian Disaster Reduction Centre ANAP Anavatan Partisi [Motherland Party] AESI Asociación Española de Ingeniría Sísmica ANU Australian National University [Association for Earthquake Engineering of AOSIS Alliance of Small Island States Spain] AP3A Early Warning and Agricultural Productions AfD African Development Bank Forecasting, project of AGRHYMET AFD Agence Française de Développement APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation AFED Arab Forum on Environment and APHES Assessing -
Modelling Elevations, Inundation Extent and Hazard Risk for Extreme Flood Events
Modelling elevations, inundation extent and hazard risk for extreme flood events by Davor Kvo čka A thesis submitted to Cardiff University in candidature for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Cardiff, 2017 Dedicated to my parents Marija Čoli ć and Milenko Kvočka i Abstract Abstract Climate change is expected to result in more frequent occurrences of extreme flood events, such as flash flooding and large scale river flooding. Therefore, there is a need for accurate flood risk assessment schemes in areas prone to extreme flooding. This research study investigates what flood risk assessment tools and procedures should be used for flood risk assessment in areas where the emergence of extreme flood events is possible. The first objective was to determine what type of flood inundation models should be used for predicting the flood elevations, velocities and inundation extent for extreme flood events. Therefore, there different flood inundation model structures were used to model a well-documented extreme flood event. The obtained results suggest that it is necessary to incorporate shock-capturing algorithms in the solution procedure when modelling extreme flood events, since these algorithms prevent the formation of spurious oscillations and provide a more realistic simulation of the flood levels. The second objective was to investigate the appropriateness of the “simplification strategy” (i.e. improving simulation results by increasing roughness parameter) when used as a flood risk assessment modelling tool for areas susceptible to extreme flooding. The obtained results suggest that applying such strategies can lead to significantly erroneous predictions of the peak water levels and the inundation extent, and thus to inadequate flood protection design. -
The Impact of Flood Risk on the Price Of
The Impact of Flood Risk on the Price of Residential Properties: The Case of England Philippe Bélanger & Michael Bourdeau-Brien 1 Department of Finance, Insurance and Real Estate, Université Laval Email: [email protected] [email protected] Areas / Paper type – Change and Risk - Issues for Property Valuation work? ABSTRACT This paper examines the impact of flood risk on the value of England residential properties. We find that being located within a flood zone significantly lowers property values once we control for the proximity to a watercourse that often increases house prices. Interestingly, the effect of flood risk is predominantly associated with the post-2003 period which can be rationalized by changes in insurance practices and availability of detailed information on flood zones. Moreover, people in richer areas appear to better incorporate available flood risk data while people in poorer areas seem to associate flood risk with proximity to the water. Keywords: Floods; Real Estate; Housing; Household behaviour JEL Classification: D12, H31, Q54, R31 Proceedings: ERES2016 pp. xx-xx 1. Introduction Change and Risk - Issues for Property Valuation Floods and other major natural hazards have a far-reaching impact on the economies of work? affected regions. According to a 2015 study from the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization1, natural disasters caused more than $1.5 trillion in damage 2 and 1.1 million deaths worldwide between 2003 and 2013. These numbers may yet get worse because of global warming that tends to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events (Francis and Vavrus, 2012, Rahmstorf and Coumou, 2011, Douglas et al., 2010, Kazmierczak and Bichard, 2010, Thorne et al., 2007). -
Supplement of Storm Xaver Over Europe in December 2013: Overview of Energy Impacts and North Sea Events
Supplement of Adv. Geosci., 54, 137–147, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-137-2020-supplement © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Supplement of Storm Xaver over Europe in December 2013: Overview of energy impacts and North Sea events Anthony James Kettle Correspondence to: Anthony James Kettle ([email protected]) The copyright of individual parts of the supplement might differ from the CC BY 4.0 License. SECTION I. Supplement figures Figure S1. Wind speed (10 minute average, adjusted to 10 m height) and wind direction on 5 Dec. 2013 at 18:00 GMT for selected station records in the National Climate Data Center (NCDC) database. Figure S2. Maximum significant wave height for the 5–6 Dec. 2013. The data has been compiled from CEFAS-Wavenet (wavenet.cefas.co.uk) for the UK sector, from time series diagrams from the website of the Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrolographie (BSH) for German sites, from time series data from Denmark's Kystdirektoratet website (https://kyst.dk/soeterritoriet/maalinger-og-data/), from RWS (2014) for three Netherlands stations, and from time series diagrams from the MIROS monthly data reports for the Norwegian platforms of Draugen, Ekofisk, Gullfaks, Heidrun, Norne, Ormen Lange, Sleipner, and Troll. Figure S3. Thematic map of energy impacts by Storm Xaver on 5–6 Dec. 2013. The platform identifiers are: BU Buchan Alpha, EK Ekofisk, VA? Valhall, The wind turbine accident letter identifiers are: B blade damage, L lightning strike, T tower collapse, X? 'exploded'. The numbers are the number of customers (households and businesses) without power at some point during the storm. -
Understanding Music Past and Present
Understanding Music Past and Present N. Alan Clark, PhD Thomas Heflin, DMA Jeffrey Kluball, EdD Elizabeth Kramer, PhD Understanding Music Past and Present N. Alan Clark, PhD Thomas Heflin, DMA Jeffrey Kluball, EdD Elizabeth Kramer, PhD Dahlonega, GA Understanding Music: Past and Present is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribu- tion-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This license allows you to remix, tweak, and build upon this work, even commercially, as long as you credit this original source for the creation and license the new creation under identical terms. If you reuse this content elsewhere, in order to comply with the attribution requirements of the license please attribute the original source to the University System of Georgia. NOTE: The above copyright license which University System of Georgia uses for their original content does not extend to or include content which was accessed and incorpo- rated, and which is licensed under various other CC Licenses, such as ND licenses. Nor does it extend to or include any Special Permissions which were granted to us by the rightsholders for our use of their content. Image Disclaimer: All images and figures in this book are believed to be (after a rea- sonable investigation) either public domain or carry a compatible Creative Commons license. If you are the copyright owner of images in this book and you have not authorized the use of your work under these terms, please contact the University of North Georgia Press at [email protected] to have the content removed. ISBN: 978-1-940771-33-5 Produced by: University System of Georgia Published by: University of North Georgia Press Dahlonega, Georgia Cover Design and Layout Design: Corey Parson For more information, please visit http://ung.edu/university-press Or email [email protected] TABLE OF C ONTENTS MUSIC FUNDAMENTALS 1 N. -
Socio-Economic and Ecological Evaluation and Modelling Methodologies
Integrated Flood Risk Analysis and Management Methodologies Socio-economic and ecological evaluation and modelling methodologies Date 29th February 2008 Report Number T10-07-13 Revision Number 1_2_P10 Deliverable Number: D10.1 Due date for deliverable: November 2007 Actual submission date: November 2007 Sue Tapsell FHRC/MU FLOODsite is co-funded by the European Community Sixth Framework Programme for European Research and Technological Development (2002-2006) FLOODsite is an Integrated Project in the Global Change and Eco-systems Sub-Priority Start date March 2004, duration 5 Years Document Dissemination Level PU Public PU PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) Co-ordinator: HR Wallingford, UK Project Contract No: GOCE-CT-2004-505420 Project website: www.floodsite.net Task 10 Deliverable D10-1 Contract No:GOCE-CT-2004-505420 DOCUMENT INFORMATION Title Socio-economic and ecological evaluation methodologies Lead Author Sue Tapsell Sally Priest, Dennis Parker, Edmund Penning-Rowsell, Christophe Viavattene, Theresa Wilson, John Handmer - FHRC/MU Arjan Wijdeveld, Marjolein Haasnoot, Reinaldo Penailillo - WL | Delft Hydraulics Contributors Frank van den Ende, RIZA, Dutch Governmental Institute Paul van Noort, , RIZA, Dutch Governmental Institute Frank Messner, Volker Meyer, Dagmar Haase, Sebastian Scheuer, Anne Schildt - UFZ Celine Lutoff, Isabelle Ruin - INPG Distribution Public Document Reference T10-07-13 DOCUMENT HISTORY Date Revision Prepared by Organisation Approved by Notes 30/11/07 1_0_P10 S. Tapsell FHRC/MU 10/12/07 1_1_P10 S. Tapsell FHRC/MU 29/02/08 1_2_P10 S. -
Lancaster City Council Multi-Agency Flooding Plan
MAFP PTII Lancaster V3.2 (Public) June 2020 Lancaster City Council Multi-Agency Flooding Plan Emergency Call Centre 24-hour telephone contact number 01524 67099 Galgate 221117 Date June 2020 Current Version Version 3.2 (Public) Review Date March 2021 Plan Prepared by Mark Bartlett Personal telephone numbers, addresses, personal contact details and sensitive locations have been removed from this public version of the flooding plan. MAFP PTII Lancaster V3.2 (Public version) June 2020 CONTENTS Information 2 Intention 3 Intention of the plan 3 Ownership and Circulation 4 Version control and record of revisions 5 Exercises and Plan activations 6 Method 7 Environment Agency Flood Warning System 7 Summary of local flood warning service 8 Surface and Groundwater flooding 9 Rapid Response Catchments 9 Command structure and emergency control rooms 10 Role of agencies 11 Other Operational response issues 12 Key installations, high risk premises and operational sites 13 Evacuation procedures (See also Appendix ‘F’) 15 Vulnerable people 15 Administration 16 Finance, Debrief and Recovery procedures Communications 16 Equipment and systems 16 Press and Media 17 Organisation structure and communication links 17 Appendix ‘A’ Cat 1 Responder and other Contact numbers 18 Appendix ‘B’ Pumping station and trash screen locations 19 Appendix ‘C’ Sands bags and other Flood Defence measures 22 Appendix ‘D’ Additional Council Resources for flooding events 24 Appendix ‘E’ Flooding alert/warning procedures - Checklists 25 Appendix ‘F’ Flood Warning areas 32 Lancaster -
Book of Abstracts
Global and Regional Sea Level Variability and Change Palma de Mallorca, June 10-12, 2015 Book of abstracts GLOBAL AND REGIONAL SEA LEVEL VARIABILITY AND CHANGE Palma de Mallorca, June 10-12, 2015 Global and Regional Sea Level Variability and Change Palma de Mallorca, June 10-12, 2015 Contents Keynote speakers ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Sea-level changes during past centuries reconstructed from salt-marsh sediments. Prof. Roland Gehrels, University of York, UK ............................................................................................................ 9 Considering vertical land motion in understanding sea level change. Prof. Guy Woppelmann, University of La Rochelle, France ......................................................................................................... 9 The time-mean ocean dynamic topography: How well can we measure, model, and understand it?. Prof. Chris W. Hughes, National Oceanography Centre, UK .............................................................. 10 What are the challenges facing quantifying impacts and adapting to global sea-level rise?. Dr. Sally Brown, University of Southampton, UK ............................................................................................. 10 Semi-empirical modelling of sea-level change. Prof. Stefan Rahmstorf, Postdam University, Germany ............................................................................................................................................ -
Coastal Storms: Detailed Analysis of Observed Sea Level and Wave Events in the SCOPAC Region (Southern England)
SCOPAC RESEARCH PROJECT Coastal storms: detailed analysis of observed sea level and wave events in the SCOPAC region (southern England) Debris at Milford-on-Sea after the “Valentines Storm” February 2014. Copyright New Forest District Council. Date: December 2020 Version: 1.1 BCP - SCOPAC 2020 Rev 1.1 Document history SCOPAC Storm Analysis Study: Coastal storms: detailed analysis of observed sea level and wave events in the SCOPAC region (southern England) Project partners: • Bournemouth Christchurch Poole (BCP) Council / Dorset Coastal Engineering Partnership • Ocean & Earth Science, University of Southampton (UoS) • Coastal Partners (formerly Eastern Solent Coastal Partnership (ESCP)) Project Manager: Matthew Wadey (BCP Council) Funded: Standing Conference on Problems Associated with the Coastline (SCOPAC) Data analysis: Addina Inayatillah (UoS), Matthew Wadey (BCP/DCEP), Ivan Haigh (UoS), Emily Last (Coastal Partners) This document has been issued and amended as follows: Version Date Description Created by Verified by Approved by 1.0 16.11.20 SCOPAC Storm MW, AI, IH, SC Analysis Study EL 1.1 30.12.20 SCOPAC Storm MW, AI, IH, SC SCOPAC Analysis Study EL RSG BCP - SCOPAC 2020 Rev 1.1 SCOPAC Storm Analysis Study PROLOGUE Dear SCOPAC members, Our coastline is exposed to storm surges and swell waves from the Atlantic that as we know can result in flooding and erosion. Changing extreme sea levels and waves over time need to be assessed so risks can be understood; as both one-off events and as a consequence of successive events (“storm clustering”). The notable winter of 2013/14 saw repeated medium to high magnitude events prevailing over a relatively short time period. -
A Directory of Weblinks and Resources to Support the Teaching and Learning of Geography
A directory of weblinks and resources to support the Teaching and Learning of Geography Geography Directory 1 CONTENTS PAGE Topic Area Page Number A-C Agriculture 4 Animations 5 Antarctica 8 Blogs 9 Brazil 10 Cartoons 10 China 10 Coasts 11 D-F Deserts / Desertification 14 Development 16 Digital Media – Videos 21 Earthquakes & Volcanoes 30 Earth Sciences 37 Economic Geography (including Trade / Fairtrade) 38 Ecosystems / Conservation 41 Egypt 43 Energy 44 European Studies 47 Fairtrade 48 Flooding 50 G-J General Geography Sites 56 Geography in the News 59 Geography & Literacy 60 Geography of Crime 61 Geography of Disease 62 Geography of Happiness 64 Geography of Sport 65 Geography of War 66 Glaciation 67 GIS 69 GPS 70 Globalisation 71 Global Warming / Climate Change 73 Hazards 80 Interactive Quizzes 84 Japan 88 Geography Directory 2 K-N Kenya 90 Limestone 92 Maps and Mapskills 93 Migration 96 Model Making 99 Periglaciation 100 Photograph Sources 102 Population 106 Professional Development • Teaching with ICT – Ideas and Resources 112 • Google Earth 115 • Tools for creating Resources 119 • Powerpoint – tips for creation / interactive use of 122 • Wikis 123 • Blogging 124 • Interactive Whiteboards 125 • Podcasting 126 • Creating Interactive Games 127 • Using Photostory 127 • Use of Digital Video / Digital Video editing 127 • Links to Sound Effects / Music for creating resources 128 • Flash 129 • Teaching Tools 130 • Virtual Learning Environments 131 • WebCams 131 • Revision Resources Ideas 131 Promoting Geography 134 Quarrying 135 O-R Rainforests -
How Can River Flooding Be Managed?
How this guide works... This revision guide is the Restless Earth revision and question guide and it gives you a full and detailed guide of everything you’re expected to know, and previous assessment questions too – fun right? Remember – everything in this booklet (along with the other five!) you need to know about, and we’ve already done at least once in class. The activities I’ve included in this book will help you, but are not exam questions, they are designed to encourage you to get thinking about revision / do revision! You should therefore attempt all the exam questions from this book as you go along to really help you. The symbol to the right tells you it is an exam question. If you should lose this booklet (naughty you), then you can easily download and print off a new copy from the year 11 study support and homework section of the CTS website. They are also available from the swish revision hub board outside of the geography room. As always remember – you do them, I mark them, you respond / improve and then I remark. Put simply… There is no excuse for not having your revision / exam question books on you – or for not doing revision…ever. The next six pages are the best places to start they talk about what the exam will look like, what the exam board say you should know for this unit, a small guide to the types of questions there are on GCSE geography exams and how to answer them and finally a list of command words. -
NRFA: Musings & Reflections
England & Wales precipitation 36 inches 919 mm NRFA: Musings & Reflections Terry Marsh Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, UK Hydrometric Data: The Long View 22/10/2013 50 years ago – how things have changed • Early 1960s: heading for another Ice Age? CET Series (annual means) 11.00 • Taken together the winters of 10.50 1962/63 & 1963/64 were the 10.00 9.50 driest for 180 years 9.00 • Severe droughts in 1955 and 8.50 1959 8.00 • Steep projected increase in 1943 1947 1951 1955 1959 1963 water demand • Still a very patchy gauging station network • NRFA remained primarily a paper-based archive NRFA stewardship and network growth • 1963-74 WRB – Integrated water management • 1974-82 WDU – Integrated data management • Rapid network growth from the late- 1960s; predominance of gauging structures and, thence, ‘new Transfer to Wallingford technology’ gauging stations 1050 • 30-year records on the NRFA have 900 increased 50-fold since the early 750 1960s and by an order of magnitude 600 since 1982 450 300 • This implies a major data 150 0 stewardship challenge 1985 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 30-yr records on the NRFA 1982 A pivotal year (in retrospect) 1982 • Transfer of the NRFA to the Institute of Hydrology • Benefits from planting the NRFA in an active user community, and one with considerable hydrometric experience and expertise • Climate change was beginning its rise up the scientific and political agendas • Thereafter, trend detection had an increasing impact on NRFA activities The National Hydrological Monitoring