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Assessing Age, Growth, and Reproduction of Alburnus Mossulensis and Acanthobrama Marmid (Cyprinidae) Populations in Karakaya Dam Lake (Turkey)

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Assessing Age, Growth, and Reproduction of Alburnus Mossulensis and Acanthobrama Marmid (Cyprinidae) Populations in Karakaya Dam Lake (Turkey) Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2015) 39: 1-14 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1211-13 Assessing age, growth, and reproduction of Alburnus mossulensis and Acanthobrama marmid (Cyprinidae) populations in Karakaya Dam Lake (Turkey) 1 2, Aysel ALKAN UÇKUN , Didem GÖKÇE * 1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey 2 Limnology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey Received: 10.11.2012 Accepted: 24.03.2014 Published Online: 02.01.2015 Printed: 30.01.2015 Abstract: In total, 626 individuals of Alburnus mossulensis and 586 individuals of Acanthobrama marmid were collected monthly from Karakaya Dam Lake on the upper Euphrates River. The gonadosomatic index, somatic condition, oocyte size, and fecundity were calculated on a monthly basis. Reading of scales indicated that the maximum age was 4+ years for A. mossulensis and A. marmid. The estimated length–weight relationships were W = 0.206 × FL2.065 for females and W = 0.119 × FL2.138 for males in A. mossulensis, and W 2.678 2.631 –0.14(t + 1.39) = 0.029 × FL for females and W = 0.030 × FL for males in A. marmid. Growth in length equations were Lt = 19.6[1 – e ] –1.40(t + 1.04) –1.37(t + 1.04) –1.29(t + 1.04) for females and Lt = 20.1[1 – e ] for males in A. mossulensis and Lt = 17.3[1 – e ] for females and Lt = 16.6[1 – e ] for males in A. marmid. This study investigated oocyte size and fecundity for A. mossulensis and A. marmid in Turkey for the first time. The spawning period was between May and August for A. mossulensis and between May and June for A. marmid. These 2 species usually play a key role in the food web of temperate freshwater systems. In addition to water quality, biological data of these 2 species are very important in terms of future water management of the basin of Karakaya Dam Lake. Key words: Acanthobrama marmid, Alburnus mossulensis, age, growth, reproduction, Karakaya Dam Lake, upper Euphrates River 1. Introduction 2006). Information about the relationship between length The freshwater fishes Alburnus mossulensis (Heckel, 1843) and weight of fish is useful for fisheries management and Acanthobrama marmid (Heckel, 1843) are cyprinid (Froese, 2006; Nascimento et al., 2012). Even though it fish found in the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in Turkey and is not difficult to obtain them, data on the length–weight their adjacent basins in Iran (Kuru, 1978; Coad, 2010). relationship are still unavailable for many fish species The distribution of A. mossulensis in Asia extends from (Froese, 1998). the Tigris–Euphrates basin to the very upper parts of the Assessment of growth and reproductive conditions, delta of the Kor, Mand, and Kul rivers in Iran (Bogutskaya, which are key parameters of fish populations, is crucial for 1997). A. marmid is present in the Tigris, Euphrates, and several reasons (Bariche et al., 2009; Arantes et al., 2010). Orontes river systems, the Berdan River, and Seyhan Dam This assessment gives information about fish communities Lake (www.fishbase.org). and is an element enabling ecological monitoring in rivers, Several studies conducted at different localities in lakes, and transitional waters. Therefore, the purpose of Turkey have investigated the growth and reproduction this study was to determine age, growth and reproductive characteristics of A. mossulensis and A. marmid (Polat, characteristics, and knowledge of the recent situation 1988; Ünlü et al., 1994; Türkmen and Akyurt, 2000; Yıldırım of A. mossulensis and A. marmid in the Karakaya Dam et al., 2003; Başusta and Şen, 2004). However, information Lake on the upper Euphrates River. Our results will be regarding the biological characteristics of both species in beneficial for future fish-population and water-quality the upper Euphrates River has been insufficient. monitoring studies in the water assessment program for Weight–length relationships are used to estimate the the transboundary river basin. weight corresponding to a specified length, and condition factors are used to compare the condition, fatness, or 2. Materials and methods well-being of fish, based on the assumption that heavier Being one of the most important rivers in the world, the fish of a specified length are in better condition (Froese, Euphrates River is a transboundary river originating from * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 ALKAN UÇKUN and GÖKÇE / Turk J Zool the eastern part of Anatolia and flowing into the Persian Scales were kept in 5% sodium hydroxide solution for 2 Gulf. The study area is Karakaya Dam Lake, located on the h to remove the flesh and mucilage. Nondegenerate scales upper Euphrates River. It was created for a hydroelectric (15 scales) were glued between 2 glass microscope slides power plant and has been affected by many pollutants, (Chugunova, 1963). They were scanned using a light such as the direct transfer of sewer and industrial wastes microscope in order to determine the ages of the fish. All (Gokce and Ozhan, 2011). In total, 626 individuals of scales were read in triplicate. A. mossulensis and 586 individuals of A. marmid were Length–weight growth parameters and von Bertalanffy collected monthly from Karakaya Dam Lake using gill growth equations were calculated for males, females, and nets between December 2008 and November 2009. Four all individuals. The von Bertalanffy growth equation was sampling points were selected and the lower basin of the used to determine the age–length relationship: reservoir was studied (Figure 1). L = L [1 – e–k(t – to)], Fish samples were brought to the laboratory after being t ∞ placed on ice. Precision for total length and fork length where Lt is the fork length at age t; k is a growth constant, measured was 1 mm, and precision for total body weight determining the rate of change in the length increment; (W) measured was 0.01 g. Gonads were weighed (Wg) and t0 is the hypothetical age when the length is zero. with a precision of 0.01 g. Upon visual and microscopic In each of the age groups, the proportional length examination of the gonads, sex and maturity stages were extension (OL) was calculated where Lt is length at age t determined. The scales were collected from the right side (Chugunova, 1963): of each fish between the lateral line and the dorsal fin base (Lagler, 1966; Hussein, 1986; Oymak et al., 2011). OL = Lt – Lt – 1 / Lt – 1, UPPER EUPHRATES RIVER BASIN TURKEY Upper Euphrates IRAN Study Area SYRIA IRAQ KARAKAYA DAM LAKE Figure 1. Map of the study area (modified from Gokce and Ozhan, 2011). 2 ALKAN UÇKUN and GÖKÇE / Turk J Zool and the proportional weight increase (OW) was calculated and Crivelli, 2001). using this equation where Wt is weight at age t (Chugunova Intraovarian oocyte size was measured using a 1963): stereo microscope (Leica MZ 7.5 with DFC 280 camera attachment, Leica Application Suite software, version 2.4.0 OW = Wt – Wt – 1 / Wt – 1. R1) with a scale of 0.01 mm. Fecundity was investigated based on the gravimetric method (Bagenal, 1978). The The regression equation for the length–weight subsamples of 1 g were taken from the front, middle, and relationship was calculated using the least-squares method; back parts of the ovaries. Oocyte samples were kept in 4% the data were commonly used in this equation: formaldehyde for counting. SPSS 10 was used to conduct statistical analysis. W = a × Lb, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the differences of growth and reproduction parameters where W is the body weight (g) and L is the fork length in months, and Tukey’s multiple range test was used to (mm) (von Bertalanffy, 1938). The hypothesis of isometric determine the significance of differences (Zar, 1996). growth (Ricker, 1975) was tested with Student’s t-test. The growth performance index was calculated as 3. Results follows (Gayanilo and Pauly, 1997): 3.1. Growth parameters 3.1.1. Alburnus mossulensis Ø = log (k) + 2 log (L ), 10 10 ∞ The ratio of males to females in 626 samples was 163:463 = 1:2.84 (χ2 = 1.02, P < 0.05; Table 1). The distribution of the where k and L are the von Bertalanffy growth equation ∞ total length ranged between 12.3 and 20.12 cm for females parameters. and between 14.0 and 20.4 cm for males. The weights of The female-to-male ratio was examined using the chi- the samples varied between 16.87 and 56.57 g for females square (χ2) test (Nikolsky, 1963). The somatic condition and between 18.32 and 45.90 g for males (Table 2). The was determined in terms of sex, age groups, and months. samples consisted of female and male individuals of 5 age Condition factors were estimated using the following groups (from 0 to 4). Age group 1 was the dominant age equation: group for both sexes. Relative growth in length and weight was examined in terms of means of fork length and total C = (W / L3) × 100, weight of each age group. Maximum increase in growth of all 3 groups was determined from age group 0 to age group where W is the body weight (g) and L is the fork length 1 in terms of length, and from age group 3 to age group 4 (cm) (Tesch, 1968). Condition factors were calculated in terms of weight (Table 3; Figures 2 and 3). according to sex, age groups, and months. Table 4 and Figure 4 illustrate the equations of length– The spawning period was estimated based on the weight relationship: W = 0.206 × L2.065 for females and monthly changes in gonads and monthly variations in W = 0.119 × L2.138 for males.
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