The American Revolution

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catalogue three hundred forty-five The American Revolution

William Reese Company 409 Temple Street New Haven, CT 06511

(203) 789-8081 A Note This catalogue celebrates the publication of two new bibliographies by William Reese. The Revolutionary Hundred covers key works of the American Revolution from 1763 to 1783, and The Federal Hundred describes great printed works of the period from 1783 to the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. These two bibliographies are available for sale from us (see the last page of this catalogue for details). This catalogue is made up almost entirely of new material recently acquired. Most notable is a manuscript map of Yorktown from the collection of the Comte de Rochambeau, which would have been used by him at the fateful battle; and a remarkable letter from Thomas Jefferson to French second-in-command, the Marquis de Chastellux, about the 1783 peace treaty among other topics. Important atlases and maps by Jefferys, Le Rouge, Des Barres, Pownall, and Sayer and Bennet are included as well. There are many extremely rare political works including those by Thomas Paine, Journals of the Continental Congress, and important broadsides issued in the course of the Revolution. There are also many important laws from the colonies and states in the Revolutionary period, and important histories by Stedman, Fanning, Clinton, Weems, Godon, and others. q

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On the cover: 75. [Hoen, Pieter ‘t]: Kritieke Vertooning van de Tooneelspelers van Doctor Schasz. [Holland. ca. 1778]. A Forged Address Attributed to Samuel Adams

1. [Adams, Samuel]: AN ORATION DELIVERED AT THE STATE- HOUSE, IN PHILADELPHIA, TO A VERY NUMEROUS AUDI- ENCE; ON THURSDAY THE 1st OF AUGUST, 1776.... Philadelphia Printed; London, Re-printed for E. Johnson, 1776. [2],42pp. Modern paper-covered boards, printed paper label. A few light fox marks; faint stain in gutter of first text page. Closed tear in one leaf, not affecting text. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

A curious, and spurious, Revolutionary pamphlet, allegedly printing an oration by Samuel Adams, which was not written by him and which was never published in Philadelphia. This text was issued in the wake of the American Declaration of Indepen- dence, and whoever the author was, he was well versed in revolutionary rhetoric. Howes calls it “a London forgery designed to show that the colonies were bent on independence.” “It extols the merits of the newly independent colonies, but overtones suggest that it was actually written in England” – Adams. A Dublin edition followed the same year. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 76-106a. HOWES A72. SABIN 344. $6750.

The Elections to the First Continental Congress

2. “Agricola” [pseudonym]: TO THE INHABITANTS OF THE CITY AND COUNTY OF NEW-YORK. GENTLEMEN, IT IS AN IN- VIDIOUS TASK TO BE EMPLOYED IN DETECTING AND EXPOSING THE MANY FALSEHOODS AND ABSURDITIES, CONTAINED IN THE NUMEROUS PUBLICATIONS THAT DAILY INFEST THIS CITY...[caption title and first lines of text]. New York. July 12, 1774. Broadside, 14½ x 10¼ inches. Loss of the “o” and “e” in the first two words of the title. Minor soiling and wear. Tipped to a larger sheet. About very good.

Broadside concerning the election of delegates to the First Continental Congress, responding to Alexander McDougall’s “To the freeholders, freemen, and inhabitants of the city and county of New-York” and another broadside entitled “To the freeborn citizens of New-York,” authored by someone signing himself as “A Moderate Man.” There was significant debate over whether or not to elect representatives to the first Continental Congress, followed by further debate over the best method to go about electing those representatives once the idea took hold. This broadside refutes the two others that deal with this subject, in blistering language. The author writes: “It must be a lame cause, that will admit of such lame advocates. When the blind lead blind, it is no wonder they both fall into the ditch.” ESTC records only two copies, at the New York Public Library and the Library Company of Philadelphia. We are aware of one other in a private collection. Rare. EVANS 13097. ESTC W1195. $12,500.

3. [Almon, John]: A LETTER TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE CHARLES JENKINSON. London. 1781. [3]-51,[1]pp. Quarto. 20th- century blue morocco, gilt, by Sangorski & Sutcliffe. Light wear to extremities. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor scattered foxing and soiling. Very good. Lacks the half title.

Third edition. A criticism of the British government, with extensive references to the failures in America, attributed to John Almon. “A trenchant exposure of the evil influence of Jenkinson upon the King and the administration of the fleets and armies in America, being a scorching historical and critical review of the mal- administration of political and military arrangements from the Boston tea party to the surrender of Cornwallis, and interesting personal gossip respecting Burgoyne, Howe, Clinton, Franklin, Washington, Young, Lawrence, etc., especially in New York and the South” – Sabin. Only a handful of copies are listed in ESTC. ESTC N2510. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 81-1c. SABIN 40520. $1000. The Revolution Changes the Form of Prayer: Remarkable Manuscript Revisions to the Book of Common Prayer in a Maryland Parish to Eliminate References to the British Crown

4. [American Revolution]: [Book of Common Prayer]: THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER, AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE SAC- RAMENTS, AND OTHER RITES AND CEREMONIES OF THE CHURCH, ACCORDING TO THE USE OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND.... [Oxford: T. Wright and W. Gill, 1768]. [34],[340],[24]pp. [bound with:] A NEW VERSION OF THE PSALMS OF DAVID FITTED TO THE TUNES USED IN CHURCHES. London: Charles Rivington, 1763. [44 (of 46)]pp. Lacks final leaf. Large folio. Modern speckled calf, gilt, with original gilt morocco label on front cover reading: “King and Queen Parish 1771.” Lower half of titlepage in expert facsimile. First and last few leaves repaired in gutter margin; final leaf with some facsimile restoration. Manuscript slips neatly repaired with tissue on verso. Very good.

This remarkable copy of the Book of Common Prayer from King and Queen Parish, Maryland has been annotated with paste-over slips to modify the form of prayer from offering prayers to King George III and his wife to new text praying for the United States. It is an extraordinary piece of evidence demonstrating the impact of newly declared independence on the religious life of the new United States. Although the Lords Baltimore, who established of the colony of Maryland, were Catholic, the colony’s charter provided for worship of both Catholic and Protestant. The Anglican congregation at King and Queen Parish was established in 1640, shortly after the colony was founded. The Glorious Revolution of 1688, which ended any chance of Ca- tholicism being reestablished as the official religion in England, paved the way for similar changes in the colonies. In Maryland, which became a royal colony in 1691, the Act of Establishment of 1692 declared the Church of England the official church of the colony, creating thirty Anglican parishes and stripping Catholic citizens of most of their rights. Because the King of England was head of the Anglican Church, members of the Church of England in America faced special difficulties during the American Revolution. Anglican priests, in fact, swore allegiance to the King at their ordina- tion. The Book of Common Prayer offered prayers for the monarch, which could be construed as treason to the American cause. In an effort to remain loyal to the cause of Independence and conform to the new political realities, patriotic American Anglicans set about revising the Book of Common Prayer on the spot. On May 25, 1776 the Maryland Convention voted “that every Prayer and Peti- tion for the King’s Majesty, in the book of Common Prayer...be henceforth omitted in all Churches and Chapels in this Province.” George Goldie, the rector of Christ Church (then called Chaptico Church) in King and Queen Parish of St. Mary’s County from 1773 to his death in 1791, modified the present volume by inserting new prayers, written in manuscript, into the Litany. Four inserted slips modify the Litany to instruct for prayers to guide Congress and the governor of the state, as well as prayers for religious and civil liberty. These are affixed over prayers for King George III, Queen Charlotte, the Prince of Wales, etc. The petition that God “keep and strengthen in the true worshipping of thee, in righteousness and holiness of life, thy servant George, our most gracious King and Governour” was changed to a plea that “it might please thee to bless the honorable Congress with Wisdom to discern and Integrity to pursue the true Interest of the United States.” The prayer that “it may please thee to be his defender and keeper, giving him the victory over all his enemies” becomes “that it [may please thee] to be their defender and keeper, enabling them to be the supporters & guardians of the civil and religious liberty of thy people.” A prayer for the royal family is revised to ask that God “bless and preserve his Excel’y the Governor of this state, and so to replenish him with the grace of thy Holy Spirit that he may always incline to thy will and ever seek thy honour and glory.” A prayer to “illuminate all Bishops, Priests, and Deacons, with true knowledge and understanding of thy word,” now asks “to endue the Members of the Council with grace, wisdom and understanding, that they may become the happy instruments of promoting the honor of God and the good of the country.” A highly important document, showing clear evidence of the changes affecting religious and everyday life during the American Revolution. ESTC T93064, N472494. GRIFFITHS 1768:4. $15,000.

5. [American Revolution]: A LETTER TO A MEMBER OF PARLIA- MENT ON THE PRESENT UNHAPPY DISPUTE BETWEEN GREAT-BRITAIN AND HER COLONIES. WHEREIN THE SU- PREMACY OF THE FORMER IS ASSERTED AND PROVED.... London: J. Walter, 1774. [2],47pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Light foxing. About very good. In a tan half morocco and cloth folder.

A British political pamphlet championing the supremacy of Parliament. Asserting the inextricable bond between Great Britain and her colonies, the author defends colonial taxation on the premise that “If, then, the Colonies and Mother Country are the same Tribe or Nation of People...both must be governed by the same Supreme Authority; both acknowledge one Executive Power in the King, and one Legislative Power in the British Parliament.” HOWES L282. SABIN 40402. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-49. $1250.

Endorsing the Boycott of British Goods in Boston: The “Boston Covenant”

6. [American Revolution]: WE THE SUBSCRIBERS, INHABITANTS OF THE TOWN OF [blank] HAVING TAKEN INTO OUR SERI- OUS CONSIDERATION THE PRECARIOUS STATE OF THE LIBERTIES OF NORTH-AMERICA, AND MORE ESPECIAL- LY THE PRESENT DISTRESSED CONDITION OF THIS IN- SULTED PROVINCE, EMBARRASSED AS IT IS BY SEVERAL ACTS OF THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT, TENDING TO THE ENTIRE SUBVERSION OF OUR NATURAL AND CHARTER RIGHTS; AMONG WHICH IS THE ACT FOR BLOCKING UP THE HARBOUR OF BOSTON...[caption title]. [Boston: Printed by Edes & Gill, June 1774]. Broadside, 12½ x 7½ inches, plus integral blank leaf. Old fold lines. Minor toning and soiling. Blank leaf docketed on verso in a contemporary hand. Very good.

A further step in a chain of events to outright revolution, preceded by the Boston Tea Party and the Intolerable Acts, this broadside petition is the so-called “Boston Covenant.” Sabin attributes authorship to Joseph Warren, who was chairman of the committee which prepared the petition. The signatories agree to “suspend all commercial intercourse with the said island of Great Britain, until the said act for blocking up the said harbour be repealed and a full restoration of our charter rights be obtained,” refrain from purchasing British goods, cease doing business with any colonists who do not refrain from commerce with Great Britain, and publicize the names of those who continue commerce with Britain. Another version of this petition was printed earlier in 1774, running forty-nine lines, and with differences in the text, mostly in the second half (see Sabin 101479, Evans 13163, Ford 1778). The present version, numbering forty-seven lines, was revised by the Worcester Committee of Correspondence. The name of the town and the date of the month in June are left blank, as they are in this copy, to be filled in when necessary. NAIP locates only four copies, at the American Antiquarian Society, the Library of Congress, The New York Public Library, and the Massachusetts State Library. Very rare and desirable. EVANS 13427. FORD, MASSACHUSETTS BROADSIDES 1779. SABIN 101479. ESTC W17103. $12,500. General Gage Retires from Boston, and the Loyalists Bid Him Farewell

7. [American Revolution]: [Gage, Thomas]: AN ADDRESS OF THE GENTLEMEN AND PRINCIPAL INHABITANTS OF THE TOWN OF BOSTON, TO HIS EXCELLENCY GOVERNOR GAGE [caption title]. [Boston]. Oct. 6, 1775. [2]pp. bifolium on a large folded sheet. Text in double columns on both pages. Tanned, old folds. Dock- eted on verso, with some inked names. Small closed tear in upper portion of second page with no loss of text; small hole in lower blank margin of first page. Small separations at cross-folds and folds, neatly repaired with tissue, affecting six letters of text but not readability. Still very good. In a folding cloth case, gilt leather label.

This important broadsheet was issued at the time of the retirement of Gen. Thomas Gage as the British commander-in-chief in the American colonies, a position he had held with only slight interruption from the end of the French and Indian War in 1763 until the events of 1775 caused him to be removed. It consists of addresses to him by Loyalist Americans, many of whom had come to know Gage well over the years, and who could only see great difficulties for themselves in his departure. Gage had been generally well-liked in the early years of his appointment, but as tensions escalated in the wake of the Boston Tea Party in December 1773 and the punitive Boston Port Bill and establishment of martial law the following spring, he was quickly out of his depth. He was naturally a focus of patriot anger, and compounded this with a series of ill-considered decisions, leading to Lexington and Concord, and the debacle of Bunker Hill on June 17, 1775. He was strongly criticized in England, and resigned on Oct. 6, sailing for England on the 10th, when he was replaced by Sir Richard Howe. After Lexington and Concord the Loyalists from both countryside and city had become virtual prisoners with the British Army in Boston, facing an increasingly bleak prospect. In this broadsheet three groups address thanks to Gage and sign their names in type; a virtual who’s who of Loyalists in Massachusetts. The first group, from “the Gentlemen and Principal Inhabitants,” is signed by ninety-eight inhabitants, including names such as Brattle, Amory, Faneuil, Winslow, and many others. The second group, from “His Majesty’s Council,” is not signed, although perhaps all of these were in the first list. The third group, from “Gentlemen who were driven from their habitations in the country,” is signed by seventy-six citizens. To each of these Gage has replied with an evidently heartfelt thanks for their support. The Loyalists were right to regret Gage’s departure. With Boston tightly besieged, and not offering a good base for military operations throughout the colonies in any case, Howe abandoned Boston on March 17, 1776, taking many of the signers of this document with him. While some returned after the war, many never saw America again. An important and rare broadsheet, marking an important moment in the ris- ing American Revolution. Only two other copies are known, at the Massachusetts Historical Society and the Public Records Office in London. ESTC W865. BRISTOL B3931. SHIPTON & MOONEY 42775. FORD, MASSA- CHUSETTS BROADSIDES 1784. $17,500.

Connecticut Stands with Revolution in the Spring of 1775, Two Weeks After Lexington-Concord, Which “united the Hands of All America”

8. [American Revolution]: THE AMERICAN CRISIS. LET GOD, AND THE WORLD JUDGE BETWEEN US [caption title]. Hartford: Eb- enezer Watson, May 1, 1775. Broadside, 13 x 8¾ inches. Text printed in double columns. Minor toning, some staining and spotting, tiny hole in right column affecting three words, a few vertical folds and one horizontal fold. Very good. Matted.

An exceedingly rare and important Revolutionary broadside in which Connecticut colonists pledge to stand by their fellow Americans in Massachusetts in the wake of the fighting at Lexington and Concord, which had taken place two weeks earlier. Printed more than eighteen months before Thomas Paine’s use of the same title, this broadside was written in an emergency session of Connecticut’s legislature in response to the “late Murder & Massacre, by a Brigade of near 1000 savage Sol- diers, on a handful of inoffensive Men collected at Lexington...which has caused a universal Alarm, and fully opened the Eyes, and united the Hands of All America.” If they must, the colonists are resolved to fight against the Crown “until the Land is surcharged with the Blood of many hundred Thousand of her hardy Sons.” The stirring language of the Connecticut patriots includes diatribes against “the most unrighteous, unnatural and barbarous Designs of the Ministry of Great-Britain, against the King’s most faithful subjects of this Continent....” The legislature points out, even warns, that the colonies have an experienced Army “who don’t Fight for 4d. a Day, but for their inestimable Rights, their Religion, their Wives, their Chil- dren, and their Estates, and conscious of the Justice of their Cause, they set up their Standard in the Name of the everliving God, and under his almighty Protection, are resolved to try, and do not despair of vindicating the Cause, which, they trust God and the World approves.” Ultimately the colonists are ready to settle differences, but “if Blood and Slaughter is yet to be preferred to these most righteous Terms of Accommodation, we call Heaven and Earth to Witness, that we are innocent, and are determined to sell our Lives at the dearest Rate.” The broadside was printed by Ebenezer Watson, publisher of the Hartford Courant, the leading patriot newspaper in Connecticut. The verso contains several columns of manuscript calculations for what might constitute military expenditures, perhaps pertaining to militia personnel in Connecticut. A note beneath the numbers reads: “You may come home in Expectation Deputy Quartermasters.” We can locate only four copies, at the American Antiquarian Society, Huntington Library, John Carter Brown Library, and Connecticut Historical Society. A significant broadside with inflammatory language reacting to the atrocities witnessed by the colonists in the opening battle of the American Revolution. BRISTOL B3917. SHIPTON & MOONEY 42764. OCLC 5430872, 13638968. ESTC W11550. $75,000.

Rallying the Troops in Massachusetts, November, 1776: “...the tyrants of the earth began to transgress the sacred line of property, and claim their fellow man as slaves....”

9. [American Revolution]: [Massachusetts General Court]: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, NOVEMBER 1, 1776. OR- DERED, THAT THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS FROM THE GENERAL COURT OF THIS STATE TO THE OFFICERS AND PRIVATE SOLDIERS WHO ARE GONE FROM THENCE AND ARE SERVING IN THE AMERICAN ARMY, BE PRINTED IN TWO THOUSAND HAND-BILLS.... [Boston: Printed by Benjamin Edes], Nov. 2, 1776. Broadside, 15 x 9½ inches. Several folds, minor staining, fold lines reinforced with archival tape on verso. Good.

Early November 1776 was a dark moment for the American side in the Revolution. Washington had been routed from New York, the victory at Trenton had yet to occur, and the ability of the young United States to succeed seemed questionable. This important inspirational Revolutionary War broadside, issued by the Massachusetts House of Representatives only four months after the Declaration of Independence, sought to rally the Patriot cause. The address roundly denounces Great Britain and its government in polemical language in the style of the preamble of the Declara- tion. It also pledges the support of the American army by the General Court of Massachusetts, emphasizes the importance of Massachusetts soldiers, and urges them to re-enlist. Massachusetts soldiers were vital in the Revolutionary War effort, practically the backbone of the Continental Army. However, desertion had become a major issue by October 1776, and this message was issued as part of an effort by the Massachusetts government to stem the tide of desertion as well as motivate new recruits for the war effort. This fiery exhortation to take up arms against the British Crown reads, in part:

When the tyrants of the earth began to transgress the sacred line of property, and claim their fellow men as slaves, and to exercise lawless power over them, the intentions of government were subverted, war in defence of the dignity of human nature was introduced, and men began to take the field of battle on behalf of freedom….For the free exercise of liberty, more especially in the worship of that almighty Being who supported them in the greatest distress, our venerable ancestors came to this land when it was a savage and dangerous wilderness, terrible to the civilized eye. Here they toiled and bled, with the pleasing hope of their posterity’s enjoying that freedom for which they encountered every difficulty, and braved every danger, and could their virtue have been inherited with the fruit of their toil, and their simplicity of manners and integrity of heart been transmitted to all their posterity, America would now have been the seat of peace and plenty. But such has been the avarice of some, and the ambition of others, amongst us, that the King and Parliament of Great-Britain have been fatally persuaded to claim this whole continent, with its three millions of inhabitants, as their own property, and to be at their disposal. In opposition to this unjustifiable claim most obviously founded in tyranny, after loyally petitioning, and dutifully remonstrating without effect, you have gallantly taken the field, and the salvation of your country, the happiness of future generations, as well as your own, depends upon your noble exertions.

The American soldiers are promised supplies and every bit of support from their new government, but warned of the dangers of desertion in the face of the impend- ing crisis: “exert every nerve in this glorious struggle; for should you for any reason quit your posts, and disgracefully turn your backs on your enemies, wild carnage, barbarous and bloody desolation must spread like a hideous torrent over your ruined country.” The document also promises glory in posterity for the Continental Army, reminding the soldiers that their names will be “honourably preferred to the end of time” and that “each generation as it rises, shall learn to speak the same of those worthies, who nobly dared to face that death and despite that danger, which stood between them and their country’s happiness.” The message ends by reiterating to the soldiers that their government stands firmly behind them, promising “comfortable supplies and necessary reinforcements” during their fight for freedom, at the end of which the American army will be “crowned with a glorious victory, and return honourably from the field, bringing deliverance to distressed America.” An eloquent entreaty from a besieged government attempting to galvanize its army, calling upon their “courage and patriotism” and promising them the immor- tality that awaits them at the end of their struggle. “A message of inspiration and encouragement for distribution among the troops of the State in the Northern and Southern armies” – Rosenbach. Rare. Evans lists copies at the Library of Congress, Boston Public, and New York Public. OCLC lists additional copies at AAS and the Houghton Library. EVANS 14868. FORD 1999. CUSHING 956. ROSENBACH 14:70. OCLC 5812765. $17,500.

A View of Charleston, South Carolina in 1776

10. [American Revolution]: A N.W.b.N. VIEW OF CHARLES TOWN FROM ON BOARD THE BRISTOL COMMODORE SIR PETER PARKER KNT. &c. &c. TAKEN IN FIVE FATHOM HOLE THE DAY AFTER THE ATTACK UPON FORT SULIVAN [sic] BY THE COMMODORE & HIS SQUADRON, WHICH ACTION CON- TINUED 9 HOURS & 40 MINUTES. London: William Faden, Aug. 10, 1776. Engraving, 12¼ x 19½ inches. Small old stamp on verso. Near fine.

A profile view of Charleston, South Carolina and the British fleet in the waters offshore, following the attack on Fort Sullivan in June 1776. The engraving includes a key indicating various important points of interest, and several of the ships in the view are labeled. Below the view is a separate platemark with an engraved dedication which reads: “To Commodore Sir Peter Parker Knt. &c. &c. &c. This View is most humbly dedicated and presented by Lt. Colonel Thos. James Rl. Rt. of Artillery, Five Fathom Hole South Carolina, June 29th, 1776.” In the spring of 1776, South Carolina was in the firm possession of the patriot Americans, which the British were determined to challenge. They dispatched a fleet of twenty ships under Commodore Peter Parker, with the mission under the overall command of Maj. Gen. Sir Henry Clinton. The ships moored in Five Fathom Hole and landed on Long Island, which lay to the north of Sullivan’s Island. Meanwhile, practical considerations indicated the Patriot defenders were in considerable trouble. Led by Col. William Moultrie, the Americans were short of experienced troops and ammunition. Fort Sullivan, located on the southern tip of the island of the same name, had to be held, otherwise Charleston would fall. Moultrie had a total of 1,125 men against 2,900 British marines. More worrisome, the fort had only twenty-six guns with only twenty-eight rounds of ammunition per gun, against the British fleet’s 270 well stocked cannon. On June 28 the British mounted their full on naval assault of the fort. Moultrie wisely rationed and synchronized the use of his limited firepower, such that the British met heavier than expected resistance. Unfamiliar with the tidal shoals that lay near the fort, the British ships were unable to sail close enough to the fort to deliver lethal blows, while remaining in range of the American guns. Amazingly, many of the British rounds which did strike the fort were harmlessly absorbed into the structure’s spongy palmetto logs. The British flagship H.M.S. Bristol took heavy losses, and another ship ran aground and had to be abandoned. Another British attempt to storm Thomson’s northern positions with a raid by long boats was easily repelled. This handsome view shows the position of the British ships in this important engagement, with the city of Charleston in the background. This view was published by Faden, who produced many of the most important Revolutionary maps in the first several years of the Revolution. Very rare. This is the first copy of this Charleston view we have handled. CRESSWELL 611. $15,000.

A Fundamental Work of Great Rarity on the American Revolution: The First Continental Printings of Common Sense, the Declaration of Independence, and the Articles of Confederation, Greatly Influenced by Franklin

11. [American Revolution]: [Genêt, Edmé-Jacques, editor]: AFFAIRES DE L’ANGLETERRE ET DE L’AMÉRIQUE. Antwerp [i.e. Paris]. 1776-1779. Ten complete volumes (of fifteen), plus significant portions of two others. Complete collation available upon request. Eleven volumes bound in contemporary mottled calf, spines gilt, leather labels, edges painted red; plus seventeen individual issues, most in original wrappers. Bound volumes: Corners bumped, edges slightly worn. Contemporary ownership inscriptions on titlepages or initial leaves. An occasional fox mark. Parts: Wrappers with a few chips and wrinkles. Light foxing and dampstaining. Overall, very good.

A monumental and fundamentally important set of documents tracing the early course of the American Revolution and events on the North American continent. Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique contains among the earliest, and in some cases the first, European printings of many of the most basic documents in American history, including the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, the Articles of Confederation, and several state constitutions. The series was produced by the French government in order to inform the French public of the origins and course of the American Revolution, and to build and justify support among the French aristocracy and bureaucracy for an eventual Franco-American alliance. With the crucial editorial assistance of Benjamin Franklin and John Adams, the Affaires... helped accomplish this goal, as well as providing the French people with their first taste of American democratic philosophy. Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique, though bearing an Antwerp imprint, was actually produced by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and was available from the French bookseller, Pissot. The false imprint and the anonymity maintained by the editor served to hide the fact that it was issued by the French government and helped maintain a facade of impartiality. The first issue appeared on May 4, 1776, and publication proceeded through October 1779. The series was edited by Edmé- Jacques Genêt, chief interpreter to the French Foreign Minister, Charles Gravier, the Comte de Vergennes. Genêt was the father of Edmund Charles “Citizen” Genêt, who later caused so much discord in French-American relations during his tenure as minister plenipotentiary to the United States in the 1790s. Edmé-Jacques Genêt produced a similar journal during the French and Indian War, using correspondents in Britain, Spain, and the German states to gather news and information on events in the various fields of battle. He called upon some of those same sources, and cultivated American contacts as well, for Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique. Chief among Genêt’s American sources was Benjamin Franklin, who arrived in Paris on Dec. 21, 1776 as one of the American representatives seeking an alliance with France. Among the first documents Franklin provided to Genêt was a copy of John Dickinson’s draft of the Articles of Confederation. In the United States these were still secret documents which had only circulated in committee in the Continental Congress. The Articles were translated in full and appear in the Dec. 27, 1776 edition of the Affaires..., constituting “the first unrestricted publication in any language of the Articles of Confederation” (Echeverria). Franklin also provided Genêt with American newspapers, copies of his own correspondence, and old essays, all documenting the development of the rift between Great Britain and her American colonies in a light very favorable to the colonists. Franklin also contributed an original essay, Comparison of Great Britain and America as to Credit, in 1777, to Genêt’s journal (printed in the Oct. 18, 1777 “Banker’s Letter”). John Adams arrived in Paris in the spring of 1778, and was also very active in supplying Genêt with newspapers, copies of his own letters, and rebuttals to British propaganda. Laura Anne Bédard, a recent student of Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique, notes that the journal took a markedly pro-American tinge once Franklin began his contributions. This emphasis carried through the negotiation of the Franco- American Treaty of Amity and Commerce, all the way to the end of the journal’s publication in October 1779. With such well placed American contacts, it is not surprising that Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique contains some of the earliest appearances of many of the basic works of the Revolutionary era. The number of important publications contained in the journal is nevertheless remarkable. The publication of John Dick- inson’s draft of the Articles of Confederation has already been mentioned. The Declaration of Independence appears in the Aug. 16, 1776 issue of the Affaires (in the “Banker’s Letter”) and is the first European printing of that landmark document, preceding other French and British printings by one to two weeks. Durand Echeverria mistakenly identifies a printing of the Declaration in the Aug. 30, 1776 edition of the Gazette de Leyde as the first French translation, missing its appearance a full two weeks earlier in the Affaires. Thomas Paine’s incredibly influential and wildly popular Common Sense was the first purely political essay published in the Affaires, appearing in the issue of June 15, 1776. It does not appear in a word-for- word translation, but Genêt reprinted the majority of Paine’s text, summarizing the sections he excluded. Gimbel notes only one other French language printing of Common Sense in 1776, bearing a Rotterdam imprint. This is almost certainly its first continental appearance. Genêt also printed several state constitutions as soon as they became available, usually supplied by Franklin and translated by the Duc de la Rochefoucauld d’Enville. The Affaires includes the first European printings of the constitutions of Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina. Echeverria notes that the two earliest separate French publications printing American constitutions, appearing in 1778, were word-for-word copies, including footnotes, from Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique. In the Dec. 27, 1776 issue Genêt reproduced the full text of the Articles of Confederation. Ech- everria accurately calls the Affaires one of the two “most important publications of American political documents in France during the American war.” Along with these vital documents, Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique is filled with thousands of pages of fascinating documents tracing the development of the conflict between Great Britain and her American colonies, and following the actual course of the war. Most issues contain two sections, a “Journal” devoted to the lat- est news from abroad, and a section of commentary in the form of a “Letter from a London Banker,” actually written by Genêt himself. The Journal sections contain excerpts from newspapers, periodicals, and other reports on military campaigns (including letters from British, German, and American soldiers), debates in the British parliament, and accounts of British finances. Included are discussions of British troop strength and reports from numerous British government ministers and parliamentarians including Pitt, Grenville, Burke, Wilkes, and North, among several others. Many of the documents are included in order to gauge British political and popular support for operations in North America, and to discern British financial strength. The contents cover the full range of affairs in North America, from naval strength to Hessian activities, battlefield reports, Indian loyalties, and Canadian affairs. The information is presented in an impartial and balanced manner, with little editorial comment. The pro-American bias comes through, however, in the commentary section in which Genêt, in the guise of the “British banker,” transmits opinions on the history and course of the conflict. This section includes political documents and essays, expanded by Genêt’s editorial notes. It is in the “Banker’s Letters” that Common Sense is excerpted and the Declaration of Independence printed. It also marks the first French appearance of British dissenter Richard Price’s important work, Observations on the Nature of Civil Liberty, in which he supports American independence. Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique was issued intermittently in parts. It can be bound in a varying number of volumes, and bibliographer Paul L. Ford calls it “one of the most intricate and puzzling studies in collation.” Howes notes that sets are made up of “twenty-four parts divided into fifteen volumes,” but are usually bound in seventeen volumes. Sabin concurs on twenty-four parts, while LeClerc catalogued an incomplete set of only thirteen parts. Ford throws out the notion of “parts” entirely, giving a complete collation in fifteen volumes. Obadiah Rich asserts that the series was “an imitation or translation of Almon’s Remembrancer,” but Sabin and Howes both correctly refute this utterly incorrect notion. Howes calls it a “counterpart” to the Remembrancer, while Sabin notes that it is “quite different” from Almon’s work. As we have noted, it is a wholly original collection of documents, assembled to provide close reports on the progress of the American Revolution and to pave the way toward the French alliance with the rebellious Americans. The present set is a significant run of Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique, containing some seventy-five percent of the entire text. It lacks three volumes late in the series, identified as the last three volumes in Ford’s collation, as well as portions of the eleventh and twelfth volumes. Several of the indexes are also lacking. As Bédard notes, however, 1779 constituted the waning days of the Affaires, and most of the information in the final volumes is made up of accounts of French and Spanish military affairs, and they contain less in the way of significant American documentary material. This is only the fourth copy that we have seen of this extremely rare set. There are complete sets at the University of Virginia, the Library of Congress, the Biblio- thèque Nationale, the John Carter Brown Library, and Yale. Paul Ford, in his 1889 article on the work, located incomplete sets at Harvard, Massachusetts Historical Society, the Department of State, New York State Library, Thomas Crane Public Library in Quincy, Massachusetts (which has John Adams’ incomplete set), and one in a private collection. Many of these are no longer at these locations (for example, the New York State Library set was probably destroyed in their 1911 fire, the State Department Library has been dispersed, etc.). “So little known, that no satisfactory account of it exists” – JCB. “Essential for the Revolutionary period” – Sabin. “Of singular importance for the history of the period covered; but, owing to its rarity, and to the extreme bibliographical confusion in its parts and volumes, it has been singularly neglected as historical material” – Larned. “Collection des plus impor- tantes pour la periode de la revolution des Etats-Unis” – LeClerc. A rare and fundamentally important collection of documents on the early years of the American Revolution, in many cases containing the earliest European printings of several iconic works of American history, in a beautifully bound set, with an additional seventeen sections in wrappers as issued. HOWES A85, “b.” LeCLERC 2464. SABIN 491. JCB 1(III):2185. FORD, FRANKLIN BIBLIOGRAPHY 326. LARNED 1210. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 47. Laura Anne Bédard, Les Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique: A French Journal Covering the American Revolution from France (Unpublished Master’s Thesis, 1986), especially chapters 2 and 3 and appendices. Durand Echeverria, “French Publications of the Declaration of Independence and the American Constitutions, 1776-1783” in Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, Vol. 47, pp.313-38. Paul Leicester Ford, “Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique” in Pennsylvania Magazine of History And Biography, 1889, pp.222-26 has the clearest collation. Will Slauter, “Constructive Misreadings: Adams, Turgot, and the American State Constitutions” in Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, Vol. 105, No. 1, pp.33- 68. $50,000.

12. [American Revolution]: [Almon, John, editor]: A COLLECTION OF INTERESTING, AUTHENTIC PAPERS, RELATIVE TO THE DISPUTE BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND AMERICA; SHEWING THE CAUSES AND PROGRESS OF THAT MISUN- DERSTANDING, FROM 1764 TO 1775. London. 1777. 280,[3]pp., printed in double columns. Modern half calf and marbled boards, gilt morocco label. Very neat and clean internally. Very good.

Almon, a British publisher, was the primary source for British publications concerning American political and military affairs throughout the Revolution. “Usually cited as Prior Documents, from its running title, these papers were intended to accompany the seventeen volumes of The Remembrancer...” – Howes. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 77-13. HOWES A179, “aa.” SABIN 951. GEPHART 3102. CHURCH 1141. JCB 1(III):2377. ESTC T58130. $1500.

Seizing Goods from Loyalists and Appealing to Patriots for the Troops at Valley Forge: The Only Known Copy

13. [American Revolution]: [Valley Forge]: IN COUNCIL OF SAFETY. LANCASTER, NOVEMBER 8, 1777. ORDERED, THAT...BE AU- THORISED AND REQUIRED TO COLLECT WITHOUT DE- LAY FROM SUCH OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE COUNTY OF...AS HAVE NOT TAKEN THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE AND ABJURATION, OR WHO HAVE AIDED OR ASSISTED THE ENEMY, AND FROM SUCH WELL-AFFECTED PER- SONS AS MAY BE ABLE TO SPARE THEM, ARMS AND AC- COUTREMENTS...FOR THE ARMY.... Lancaster: Printed by Francis Bailey, [1777]. Broadside, 13 x 8¼ inches. Old folds. Small separation at center cross-fold. Old 2½ x 2-inch stain in center. Very good. In a half morocco box.

A remarkable circular letter from the Pennsylvania Council of Safety authorizing the seizure of goods from American Loyalists so that those items could be given to the bedraggled Continental Army, which would soon be wintering at nearby Val- ley Forge. Patriotic Americans are also asked to give what they can of arms and clothing for the war effort. We are unable to locate any other copies of this rare and significant directive. The Pennsylvania Council of Safety evacuated Philadelphia when the Brit- ish occupied the city in September 1777. On Oct. 21, 1777, having removed to Lancaster, they issued a proclamation authorizing the confiscation of the estates and property of any American who fought in the British army, and of anyone who provided material comfort and support to the British occupiers. The present proclamation, also issued from Lancaster, directs eleven men (whose names are provided in manuscript) to collect goods that would be of the utmost importance for Washington’s troops at Valley Forge. Among the specific items listed are “arms and accoutrements, blankets, woolen cloth, linceywoolsey, linnen, shoes and stockings for the army.” These goods were to be collected from any inhabitant of the county “as have not taken the oath of allegiance and abjuration, or who have aided or assisted the enemy.” Patriotic Americans able to contribute goods for the Continental Army are also asked to give what they can. The specific county in which these collections are to take place has not been filled in in this copy of the Council’s circular letter. Added in a contemporary manuscript hand at the conclusion of the printed text is the following note: “all officers civilian & military are hereby required and directed on application from the Commissioners above or any of them to be aiding and assisting in the execution of these orders.” The text is signed in print by Thomas Wharton, Junior, President of the Council of Safety. No copies of this broadside circular are listed in Evans, Bristol, Shipton & Mooney, or ESTC. Rare, and highly evocative of the deprivation that Washington’s troops faced at Valley Forge in the winter of 1777-78 and the desperate measures taken to support them. $27,500.

The Last Attempt to Save the British Empire in America

14. [American Revolution]: MANIFESTO AND PROCLAMATION. TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CONGRESS, THE MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLIES OR CONVENTIONS OF THE SEVERAL COLONIES...AND ALL OTHERS, FREE INHABIT- ANTS OF THE SAID COLONIES, OF EVERY RANK AND DE- NOMINATION.... [New York: James Rivington], 1778. Broadside, 19 x 15 inches. Printed in double-column format. Lower left corner torn, not affecting text. Woodcut of the Royal Arms trimmed away from the top margin. Tanned, a few old stains. Several chips at edges. Several tears and small holes in the text, affecting about a dozen words. A larger tear in the text repaired, with eight words supplied in manuscript. Several early manuscript notes on the recto and verso. Overall, good. In a half morocco slipcase.

This broadside represents the last attempt by the British government to conciliate the American colonies and effect a compromise form of government for them. It was issued in New York by the British Peace Commissioners, printed for them by the Tory press of James Rivington. After the British defeat at Saratoga in October 1777, the British government decided to propose peace to the former colonies. Their offer included repeal of all Parliamentary taxation, full amnesty, and an arrangement for home rule within the empire. Through this proposal the British hoped to bring the wayward colonies back into the fold and avert the French-American alliance they knew was in negotiation. According to diplomatic historian Samuel Flagg Bemis, “the plan seems to have been the first concrete suggestion of the idea of dominion self-government.” A peace commission headed by the Earl of Carlisle arrived in Philadelphia in the summer of 1778. Carlisle was accompanied by, among others, William Eden and famed Scottish Enlightenment philosopher Adam Ferguson. It soon fell into difficulties when one of the commissioners, George Johnstone, former governor of West Florida, attempted to bribe members of Congress, and the Americans refused to hear the proposals of the Commission. Carlisle removed to New York and replaced Johnstone with Sir Henry Clinton, but no headway was made. The proposals, which might well have been accepted before the Declaration of Independence, were too little too late. In fact, by late 1778 the only terms the Continental Congress was willing to entertain were a complete British evacuation and American Independence. In a last attempt to gain support Carlisle issued this broadside on Oct. 3, 1778, appealing directly to the state Assemblies and the American people. The Ameri- cans, the text reads, “will do well to recollect, that the grievances, real or supposed, which led them into this rebellion, have been for ever removed, and that the just occasion is arrived for their returning to the class of peaceful citizens.” Carlisle goes on to offer a full “pardon” to anyone who, before the date of this proclamation, had committed “treason” against the British Empire. He concludes by offering “to the colonies at large, or separately, a general or separate peace, with the revival of their antient government secured, against any future infringements, and protected for ever from taxation by Great-Britain.” Carlisle gave the Americans forty days to accept the terms. They were rejected, and the Commission returned home, abandoning the last attempt at conciliation. This large and impressive broadside was printed by James Rivington, the Tory printer, almost certainly in October 1778. In 1775 anti-British mobs, resentful of Rivington’s political allegiances, destroyed his press. Rivington re-opened his shop and remained in New York throughout the Revolution. NAIP and ESTC together locate a total of only eleven copies of this broadside. A very rare and most important Revolutionary broadside, being the last attempt by the British to forge peace in 1778. EVANS 15832. ESTC W20714. $37,500.

The Americans and the French Agree to Privateering Together

15. [American Revolution]: RÈGLEMENT CONCERNANT LES PRIS- ES QUE DES CORSAIRES FRANÇOIS CONDUIRONT DANS LES PORTS DES ÉTATS-UNIS DE L’AMÉRIQUE; & CELLES QUE LES CORSAIRES AMÉRICAINS AMÈNERONT DANS LES PORTS DE FRANCE. DU 27 SEPTEMBRE 1778. Paris: L’Imprimerie Royale, 1778. 8pp. on folded sheet. Quarto. Light dampstaining in lower corner; minor foxing. Very good.

Describes the agreement between the United States and France by which Ameri- can privateers can bring their prizes into French ports and the French can enter American ports. Agreed to on Sept. 27, 1778, this was another aspect of the swiftly burgeoning Franco-American cooperation. Scarce. MAGGS, FRENCH COLONISATION OF AMERICA 601. WROTH, ACTS OF FRENCH COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION 1914. $2000.

16. [American Revolution]: A VIEW OF THE EVIDENCE RELA- TIVE TO THE CONDUCT OF THE AMERICAN WAR UNDER SIR WILLIAM HOWE, LORD VISCOUNT HOWE, AND GEN- ERAL BURGOYNE; AS GIVEN BEFORE A COMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS LAST SESSION OF THE PAR- LIAMENT. TO WHICH IS ADDED A COLLECTION OF THE CELEBRATED FUGITIVE PIECES THAT ARE SAID TO HAVE GIVEN RISE TO THAT IMPORTANT ENQUIRY. London. 1779. 154pp. Original pale blue wrappers, backstrip largely perished but firmly bound. Near fine. Untrimmed. In a folding cloth case, spine gilt.

Second edition, issued the same year as the first, with this note on the verso of the title-leaf: “In this edition the substance of all the material parts of Mr. [ Joseph] Galloway’s Evidence is accurately given.” This work is sometimes ascribed to Joseph Galloway because his testimony is an important part of it, but in fact it contains much more. This publication prints testimony as to the conduct of various Brit- ish military officials during the American Revolution, including Cornwallis, Grey, Mackenzie, Howes, Robertson, et al. Included is material from as early as 1775, concerning the political and social situation of the American colonies. HOWES V93, “aa.” SABIN 99558. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-111b. $1500. Rochambeau’s Manuscript Map of Virginia, Used in the American Revolution During the Yorktown Campaign

17. [American Revolution]: [Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien, de Vimeur comte de]: PLAN DES ENVIRONS DE WILLIAMS- BOURGH, YORK, HAMPTON ET PORTSMOUTH. [Virginia. 1781]. Pen and ink manuscript map on laid paper. Sectioned and backed on linen at an early date, with title label mounted on verso. Sheet size: 11 3/8 x 10 inches. Very good. Matted. Provenance: Jean-Baptiste de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (1725-1807).

In June 1781 over 5,500 French officers and soldiers under the command of Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, Comte de Rochambeau, began a march from Newport, Rhode Island to Virginia, setting in motion the campaign which culminated in the Battle of Yorktown, the British surrender, and the end of the American Revolu- tion. The so-called Expedition Particulière, the French movement of land forces to America to support the cause of independence from Great Britain, arrived at a critical point for Washington and his army. Defeats to the British in the summer and fall campaigns of 1780 had left the Continental Army in a precarious position, with dwindling supplies. The arrival of the French forces, however, gave Washington hope for the 1781 campaign. Initially, Washington intended to use Rochambeau’s forces in an attempt to retake New York City; however, Rochambeau convinced him that the fight needed to be taken to Virginia, where a French naval fleet under Admiral de Graesse could better support the land forces. In August 1781 the combined forces under Washington and Rochambeau marched south to Virginia, and by the end of September they laid siege to Cornwallis’ army then entrenched at Yorktown and cut off from supplies by De Graesse’s victory at the Battle of the Chesapeake. Outnumbering the British forces two to one, Washington began the bombardment of Yorktown on Oct. 9. Cornwallis offered his surrender to Washington on Oct. 17 and officially capitulated on the 19th, ending the American Revolution. Among Rochambeau’s most prized officers on the march to Yorktown were a number of topographical engineers who created a series of manuscript maps and plans for use by the French general in the campaign. Remarkably, these maps were kept by Rochambeau after the war and descended in his family. In 1883 a number of these maps were purchased by the Library of Congress from Rochambeau descen- dents; others, including the present map, remained with the Rochambeau family. The present map depicts part of the entrance to Chesapeake Bay (i.e. the region encompassing Hampton Roads) from Cape Henry to Williamsburg, with the various inlets off the James and York rivers, as well as the roads, bridges, mills, churches, and other landmarks. The map was accomplished by an unnamed officer of the French Royal Engineers who was assigned to Rochambeau; other similar maps from the Rochambeau collection are attributed to Jean-Nicolas Desandrouins (1729-92), the commanding officer of the French Royal Engineers. A similar manuscript map is located in the Rochambeau collection at the Library of Congress (Rochambeau Mss. 56/Verner M78). Interestingly, while that version includes all place names in French, the present map includes some toponyms in English. Furthermore, the present map includes a crossed-out correction to the name of a bridge near Norfolk, suggesting it to be an earlier draft of the version at the Library of Congress. A remarkable cartographic relic of the most important campaign of the Ameri- can Revolution. VERNER, MAPS OF THE YORKTOWN CAMPAIGN M78. STEPHENSON & McKee, VIRGINIA IN MAPS, pp.60-61. $600,000. Debate over the American Peace Treaty: England Lets Go

18. [American Revolution]: A FULL AND FAITHFUL REPORT OF THE DEBATES IN BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT, ON MONDAY THE 17th OF FEBRUARY, AND FRIDAY THE 21st OF FEBRUARY, 1783, ON THE ARTICLES OF PEACE. London. [1783]. [4],72,116pp. In three volumes. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor soiling and foxing. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth slipcase.

First edition of the debates in Parliament on the terms of the treaty of peace ending the war in America. The volume prints the Feb. 17, 1783 debates in the House of Commons and the House of Lords, and the Feb. 21 debates in the House of Com- mons. The Treaty of Paris would finally be signed Sept. 3, 1783. A most important collection of political statements surrounding the end of the American Revolution. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 83-37a. SABIN 19099, 26142, 97349. $1500.

In Original Wrappers

19. Anderson, James: THE INTEREST OF GREAT-BRITAIN WITH REGARD TO HER AMERICAN COLONIES, CONSIDERED. TO WHICH IS ADDED AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING THE OUTLINES OF A PLAN FOR A GENERAL PACIFICATION. London: Printed for T. Cadell, 1782. vii,[1],136,36pp. Half title. Original plain wrappers. Fine. Untrimmed and partially unopened. In a cloth chemise and half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt.

First and only edition. Anderson argues that rather than advancing the trade and manufactures of Great Britain, the Ameri- can colonies are in fact a hindrance. In the appendix he proposes a peace and commerce treaty highly advantageous to the Crown. “Asserts that settling the colonies was unwise and all subsequent aid impoli- tic; they were a detriment to British trade and power. However, he submits a plan for pacification” – Howes. Adams locates fourteen copies. Scarce on the market. The last copy at auction, in 2004 and in much lesser condition, sold for $2880. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 82-7. HOWES A230. SABIN 1400. $3000. Standard Revolutionary History

20. Andrews, John: HISTORY OF THE WAR WITH AMERICA, FRANCE, SPAIN, AND HOLLAND; COMMENCING IN 1775 AND ENDING IN 1783. London. 1785-1786. Four volumes. [2],448; [2],449; [2],445; [2],416,[59],[v]-xiv pp., plus twenty-four plates, six folding maps, and one single-page map (maps partially handcolored). Contemporary tree calf, spines gilt, leather label. Rubbed at extremities, hinges tender. Light scattered foxing. One map detached but present. Very good.

One of the basic contemporary histories of the American Revolution, this detailed narrative was compiled largely from newspaper articles and the proceedings of the House of Commons. It is illustrated with portraits of principals such as Washing- ton, Clinton, Greene, Cornwallis, Burgoyne, Lafayette, Capt. Asgill, and Count D’Estaing. The maps show the North American colonies as far west as the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River, the English Channel, the West Indies, and other hot spots of the time in Europe and elsewhere. HOWES A259, “aa.” SABIN 1501. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 81. $4500.

An Arnold Letter from a Few Weeks Before His Plot Was Unveiled, Requesting Horses for Courier Duty, Possibly to the British

21. Arnold, Benedict: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM BENEDICT ARNOLD TO THE ADJUTANT QUARTERMAS- TER GENERAL, REQUESTING FRESH HORSES]. Headquarters, Robinson House [Garrison, N.Y.] Sept. 1, 1780. [1]p. Folio. Old fold lines. Minor wear and soiling, some separation starting at folds. About very good.

General Benedict Arnold writes the day after receiving word that British Gen. Henry Clinton had agreed to his price for turning his coat. In this letter Arnold requests fresh horses to run express courier routes, some of which surely carried treasonous information to the British:

Sir, I have sent the brave Sergeant Pike for six or eight of the best horses you have in pasture for the purpose of relieving the light horse employed here to go express. With hard service and want of forage they are worn down & unfit for use. You will please to deliver him eight of the best horses you have if we can find so many that will answer. Also, a pair of the best waggon horses you have in lieu of two which were sent to me by Col. Hay who will not draw.

The letter was clearly drawn up in some haste, as there are several words stricken through where Arnold has changed his mind about phrasing or information. In June 1778, Washington placed Arnold in command of Philadelphia, where he lived and entertained extrava- gantly, and his private business dealings, haughty and dismissive behavior, and close association with the Shippens and other quasi-Loyalists excited the enmity and wrath of the Executive Council of Pennsylvania. On Feb. 3, 1779 a courier served him with a copy of eight formal charges filed against him by the Penn- sylvania Council. Outraged, Arnold de- manded a court-martial to clear the al- legations against him. “From this period began the plot that would end, eighteen months later, with Arnold’s defection to the British side....He used those channels to inform General Henry Clinton, commanding the British army, that he was ready to serve the Crown. He explained to Clinton that he had lost faith in the revolutionary cause when the United States allied itself with France. No evidence before May 1779 supports this claim. Clinton was cautious but interested in the chance that Arnold might betray a key point in American defenses. He left the matter in the hands of young staff officer, John André” – ANB. By July, Arnold had named his minimum price of £10,000, and on Aug. 1 he became commander of the critical American fortress at West Point. By the time this letter was written, important information was passing from Arnold to Clinton, and the plot to betray West Point was well advanced. A wonderful letter, hastily written, and clearly showing Arnold’s agitation as he slid deeper into infamy. $20,000.

A Contemporary Description of the Battle of Bunker Hill: The Loyalist Point of View

22. [Battle of Bunker Hill]: BOSTON, 26th OF JUNE, 1775. THIS TOWN WAS ALARMED ON THE 17th INSTANT AT BREAK OF DAY, BY A FIRING FROM THE LIVELY SHIP OF WAR; AND A REPORT WAS IMMEDIATELY SPREAD THAT THE REBELS HAD BROKE GROUND, AND WERE RAISING A BATTERY ON THE HEIGHTS OF THE PENINSULA OF CHARLESTOWN, AGAINST THE TOWN OF BOSTON [first lines of text]. [Boston: Printed by John Howe, 1775]. Broadside, 12 x 6 inches (visible portion under mat). A few light fox marks. Fine. Matted and framed.

A broadside describing the action and praising the British victory at the Battle of Bunker Hill, printed by Loyalists in Boston a week after the battle. One week after the battle, this document – which accurately describes the action – was printed and circulated by John Howe, the same Loyalist printer who published Gen. Gage’s account of the events of April 19, 1775. The broadside relates a casualty count that has been heavily embroidered by the British, making this a tidy piece of propaganda to emphasize the fierce bravery and courage of the British forces:

The loss they [the Americans] sustained, must have been considerable, from the vast numbers they were seen to carry off during the action, exclusive of what they suffered from the shipping. About a hundred were buried the day after, and thirty found wounded on the field, some of which are since dead. About 170 of the King’s troops were killed, and since dead of their wounds; and a great many were wounded.

According to Boatner, American strength was about 3,000, with an estimated 140 dead and 601 wounded. British strength was about 2,500, and they lost about 45% of their troops; of the British officer casualties in the twenty battles fought during the Revolution, one-eighth were killed and one sixth wounded at the Battle of Bunker Hill. The broadside concludes: “This action has shown the bravery of the King’s troops, who under every disadvantage, gained a compleat victory over three times their number, strongly posted, and covered by breastworks. But they fought for their King, their laws and constitution.” ESTC locates seven copies. A scarce and important broadside from the Ameri- can Revolution. STREETER SALE 760. EVANS 13842. FORD 1801. ESTC W9549. REESE, REVO- LUTIONARY HUNDRED 32. $21,000. An Important Map of Boston in 1776

23. Beaurain, Jean Chevalier de (cartographer): Frentzel, Georg Friedrich Jonas (engraver): CARTE VON DEM HAFEN UND DER STADT BOSTON. Leipzig: Johann Carl Müllerischen, 1776. Copper engraved map of greater Boston, with troop positions highlighted in original hand-color. Sheet size: 22 x 26 7/8 inches. In excellent condition.

A very rare and highly decorative work, one of the most important Revolutionary War maps of Boston, that Krieger & Cobb cite as “the only German map of Boston [made] during the Revolutionary period.” The present map is an outstanding work on many levels. Boston and its environs are depicted on the eve of one of the most momentous events in American history, the Siege of Boston, which gave George Washington his first important victory. A remarkable topographical work, the varied nature of the land is expressed with great virtuosity in finely engraved hachures. The superlative mapping of the coastline and the harbor is derived from J.F.W. Des Barres’ Map of the Port of Boston. The map captures the moment when British forces, still in control of Boston, prepare to face George Washington’s Continental forces. Boston, on a narrow peninsula, is shown to be in an increasingly precarious defensive position. In an improvement over its predecessor, Frentzel’s edition makes a clear reference to the Battle of Bunker Hill ( June 17, 1775), noting the “Ruinen von Charles=town.” Around the city, the placement of the respective forces is depicted with unparal- leled accuracy, with the British troop lines highlighted in blue and the Continental troop lines in red. Three divisions of Washington’s forces are placed with one at Cambridge, one at Charlestown Neck, and another above Roxbury. The observer will notice that the British commanders elected not to place troops atop Dorchester Heights. Washington later took this ground, giving him an irrepressible advantage over the British in the ensuing siege. The British were compelled to leave the city in March 1776. This second version is much rarer than Beaurain’s original work, which was printed earlier that year with French toponymy. Preserved in the present version at the upper right is a highly decorative and iconographically emblematic title cartouche. Beaurain, in homage to the French sympathies to the rebel cause, depicts an Englishman cruelly trying to depose a banner from the Tree of Liberty, against the will of an indignant American. Although the conflict inspired considerable interest in Germany, this map is the only German map of Boston printed there during the Revolutionary period. Late in 1776, Leipzig master-engraver G.F.J. Frentzel created a new edition of the map that was faithful to Beaurain’s original, and it was printed as part of the Geogra- phisches Belustigungen zur Erläuterung der Neuesten Weltgeschichte, an extremely rare German book on the early days of the War of Independence. LC QUARTERLY JOURNAL 30 (1973), pp.252-53. CRESSWELL 706. KRIEGER & COBB, MAPPING BOSTON, p.181, pl. 27. Pedley, The Map Trade in the Eighteenth- Century, pp.27-30, figs. 4 & 5. NEBENZAHL, PRINTED BATTLE PLANS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 18. SELLERS & VAN EE, MAPS AND CHARTS OF NORTH AMERICA & THE WEST INDIES 924. $27,500.

24. [Burgoyne, John]: THE SUBSTANCE OF GENERAL BUR- GOYNE’S SPEECHES, ON MR. VYNER’S MOTION ON THE 26th OF MAY; AND UPON MR. HARTLEY’S MOTION ON THE 28th OF MAY, 1778. WITH AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING GEN- ERAL WASHINGTON’S LETTER TO GENERAL BURGOYNE. &c. London. 1778. [2],42,[6]pp. Lacks the half title. Late 19th-century green three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Spine and corners heavily rubbed, head of spine chipped. Bookplate on front pastedown. Small loss in gutter margin of titlepage. Light foxing on first and last leaves, minor foxing. Else about very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth folder, spine gilt.

Burgoyne’s defensive speech justifying his conduct following his surrender at Saratoga. Washington’s reply to Burgoyne’s recent praise of him is highly reflective of Wash- ington’s character and, while admitting he cannot but be pleased with Burgoyne’s “reversal of fortune” on the field, he extends his sympathies as a fellow soldier. HOWES B969, “aa.” SABIN 9527. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 78-11a. $1250. Burgoyne’s Account of His Defeat at Saratoga

25. Burgoyne, John: A STATE OF THE EXPEDITION FROM CAN- ADA, AS LAID BEFORE THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, BY LIEUTENANT-GENERAL BURGOYNE, AND VERIFIED BY EVIDENCE; WITH A COLLECTION OF AUTHENTIC DOCU- MENTS.... London: Printed for John Almon, 1780. viii,140,lxii,[1, “Adver- tisement”]pp. plus folding engraved map with route marked by hand in red, five folding engraved plans of battles or engagements (two with overlays, all with positions and some maneuvers marked by hand in colors), all by William Faden. Large quarto. Modern three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, gilt leather label. Light offsetting on maps, light tanning and scattered foxing throughout. Very good.

The most important source for information about Burgoyne’s campaign during the Revolutionary War. In this work Gen. Burgoyne presents to the House of Commons his defense of his conduct as the commander of the British expedition down the Hudson Valley from Canada in 1777. The expedition ended in disaster at Saratoga, where nearly twenty thousand American forces under Gen. Gates soundly defeated Burgoyne’s army of five thousand and forced his surrender. His basic point was that he had asked for a force of twelve thousand men to accomplish what had been asked of him and eventually he had been forced to fight with an army that initially numbered a little over half that number. The maps and plans by William Faden are excellent and help to complete a work that is the most important contemporary printed source of information about the campaign. The “Plan of the Encampment and Position of the Army under...Burgoyne at Swords House on the Hudson’s River near Stillwater” shows the first and second position of the army, while the overlay depicts the third and fourth positions. The “Plan of the Encampment and Posi- tion of the Army under...Burgoyne at Braemus Heights on Hudson’s River near Stillwater” shows positions on Sept. 20, 1777 and Oct. 7, while the overlay shows the position on Oct. 8. STREETER SALE 794. LANDE 69. TPL 503. SABIN 9255. HOWES B968, “aa.” NE- BENZAHL, BATTLE PLANS OF THE REVOLUTION 48, 51, 52, 53, 56, 57. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 63. $9500.

26. [Burke, William]: THE LETTERS OF VALENS, (WHICH ORIGI- NALLY APPEARED IN THE London Evening Post) WITH COR- RECTIONS, EXPLANATORY NOTES, AND A PREFACE. London. 1777. [2],ii,xv,160,4pp. Modern half calf and marbled boards. Crisp and clean internally. Very good plus.

“These letters, concerning the war in America, appeared in the London Evening Post in 1775 and 1776. Here the text is revised. They were attributed to William, Richard, and Edmund Burke by John Almon in his Biographical, Literary, and Po- litical Anecdotes (London, 1797), 2:347. Jeremy Bentham, in his annotated copy now in the British Library, seems to suggest that he believed Edmund to have been the principal author. The extent of the contribution of each of the three Burkes is not clear, but the Library of Congress lists the pamphlet under William” – Adams. ESTC T38523. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 77-20. TODD 26. SABIN 98349. $1000.

27. [Bushe, Gervase P.]: THE CASE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND AMERICA, ADDRESSED TO THE KING AND BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT. London. 1769 [i.e. 1768]. [4],35pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Very minor toning. Very good plus. In a green half morocco and cloth folder.

The tract urges that England abandon the idea of colonial taxation and allow America greater self government, arguing that this policy would benefit England more in the end. This first edition not presently recorded by ESTC. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 68-4a. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 64a. HOWES B1039, “aa.” $2250.

28. Campbell, George: THE NATURE, EXTENT, AND IMPORTANCE, OF THE DUTY OF ALLEGIANCE: A SERMON, PREACHED AT ABERDEEN, DECEMBER 12, 1776, BEING THE FAST DAY APPOINTED BY THE KING, ON ACCOUNT OF THE REBEL- LION IN AMERICA. Aberdeen: Printed by J. Chalmers and Co., 1778. [2],74pp. Half title. 12mo. Original plain wrappers. Wrappers lightly soiled and worn. Early presentation inscription on half title. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth folding box, spine gilt.

“The second edition, with notes and illustrations” following the first of the previous year, also printed in Aberdeen. Campbell, of Aberdeen, a Church of Scotland minister, argues that the rebellion in America is both contrary to scripture and unreasonable, but that the misguided Americans must be allowed the freedom to discover the errors of republicanism. A scarce Scottish tract on the Revolution. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 77-23b. HOWES SABIN 10217. $2000.

A Key Revolutionary Work

29. [Cartwright, John]: AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE THE INTER- EST AND GLORY OF GREAT BRITAIN; CONTAINING ARGU- MENTS, WHICH PROVE, THAT NOT ONLY IN TAXATION, BUT IN TRADE, MANUFACTURES, AND GOVERNMENT, THE COLONIES ARE ENTITLED TO AN ENTIRE INDEPENDENCY ON THE BRITISH LEGISLATURE.... Philadelphia: Printed and sold by Robert Bell, 1776. 125,[1]pp. Half title. Bound to style in three-quarter speckled calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Light foxing. Very good.

First American edition, following a Lon- don 1774 printing, of this important work by prominent British social reformer John Cartwright, then just beginning his career as an advocate of causes after earlier service in the Navy. Cartwright had some American experience, both as a naval officer in Newfoundland and as brother of Major George Cartwright, author of the well-known book on Labrador published a few years before this volume. In this work Cartwright takes the extraordinary step of outright advocacy of American independence, a position he reached in advance of even the most radical members of the Continental Congress. Cartwright advocated a loose union between an independent America and Great Britain, which he held would be mutually advantageous to both countries. His views, not surprisingly, ruined his military career and drove him into full-time political en- deavors. “At a time when no Member of Parliament had sufficient decision of mind to propose the Independence of America, Major Cartwright suggested the expediency of an Union between Great Britain and her Colonies under separate Legislatures” – Sabin. The present copy is complete, including pages 121-125, which contain an “Ex- tract from the Monthly Review,” evidently added as an afterthought and absent from most copies. HOWES C206, “aa.” HILDEBURN 3344. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 105c. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-17 (British ed). EVANS 14673. SABIN 11153. DNB III, p.1133. $9000.

30. [Chalmers, James]: PLAIN TRUTH: ADDRESSED TO THE IN- HABITANTS OF AMERICA. CONTAINING REMARKS ON A LATE PAMPHLET, INTITLED COMMON SENSE.... Philadelphia printed: London reprinted for J. Almon, 1776. [4],47,[1]pp. Stitched as issued. Library ink stamp on titlepage imperfectly erased, resulting in slight loss of text and paper. Light foxing and toning. Chipping and wear to final leaf. Good. Untrimmed.

A vigorous attack on Common Sense..., written under the pseudonym of “Candidus,” whose true identity is claimed by Thomas Adams to be James Chalmers, although Sabin attributes this pamphlet to William Smith. The preface, containing an appeal to John Dickinson, author of the celebrated Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania..., shows that Thomas Paine’s authorship of Common Sense remained a mystery for some months after its initial publication AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 76-19b. ESTC T42381. SABIN 84642 (note). $900.

31. [Chandler, Thomas Bradbury]: THE AMERICAN QUERIST: OR, SOME QUESTIONS PROPOSED RELATIVE TO THE PRESENT DISPUTES BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN, AND HER AMERI- CAN COLONIES. By a North-American. New York: Printed by James Rivington, 1774. [2],31pp. Modern paper covered boards, printed paper label. Moderate tanning and foxing. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

Styled “Tenth Edition” on the titlepage, but evidently the second according to Adams, and the first to identify Rivington as the printer. An important Tory pamphlet by this prominent Loyalist and Anglican clergyman, in the form of one hundred questions, many of which incorporate the author’s views on such subjects as the North American charters granted by the Crown, and the Stamp Act. Some of the early “queries” deal in vivid language with the growing unrest in the colonies (No. 10):

Whether the disorder of the colonies, to speak in language taken from animal bodies, be not of the feverish kind, as it is attended with an irregular high pulse, and discovers, in some parts, a dangerous swelling and inflammation; and whether it has not been occasioned, in a great measure, by their own im- prudence and intemperance?

Some of the later questions, no less passionate, refer to specific occurrences (No. 89):

Whether the several colonies, by having chosen delegates to represent them at the congress, have not taken the matter in dispute out of the hands of the people; and whether those, who, notwithstanding, still endeavour farther to inflame the passions of the populace, already intoxicated with a few magical sounds, are not to be considered and treated as incendiaries, scattering abroad the firebrands of faction, in order to bring on the conflagration of their country?

This work appears to have attracted a good deal of hostile attention. On the titlepage of this New York printing is a statement that “this pamphlet, on the 8th day of September last, was, in full conclave of the Sons of Liberty in New York, committed to the flames by the hands of their common executioner, as it contains some queries they cannot, and others they will not answer.” The authorship of the pamphlet was for a long time uncertain (Howes lists it under Myles Cooper), but it is now presumed to be by Thomas Bradbury Chandler. Chandler was born in Connecticut and educated at Yale. “Although he had advised the repeal of the Stamp Act, he was as ardent a Loyalist as churchman, and the events of the next few years moved him to vigorous protest against the drift toward revolution. In 1775 appeared his pamphlet What Think Ye of Congress Now? which was a spirited attack upon the authority and actions of the Continental Congress. The occurrences of April 1775 were too much for his Loyalist fervor, and he departed for England the following month” – DAB. A scarce Loyalist work. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-19a. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 106b. HOWES C753. SABIN 16586. EVANS 13221. ESTC W37274. $2500.

32. [Chandler, Thomas Bradbury]: A FRIENDLY ADDRESS TO ALL REASONABLE AMERICANS, ON THE SUBJECT OF OUR POLITICAL CONFUSIONS: IN WHICH THE NECESSARY CONSEQUENCES OF VIOLENTLY OPPOSING THE KING’S TROOPS AND OF A GENERAL NON-IMPORTATION ARE FAIRLY STATED. New York: [ James Rivington], 1774. 55pp. plus errata page. Half calf and marbled boards in antique style. Some light toning and foxing. Very good.

At one time attributed to Myles Cooper, but now commonly assumed to be by Thomas Bradbury Chandler. In tone, this is more like a veiled threat than a “friendly address.” The author warns the colonists of incurring the wrath of the mother country by their protests against tea duties and attacks on Royal troops. He writes that should the colonists put down their arms and give up thoughts of suspending trade with England, some political reforms, even “a general American constitution” under the tutelage of England, could be considered. But for American republicanism he has no sympathy: “no order or denomination of men amongst us would enjoy liberty or safety, if subjected to the fiery genius of a New England Republican Government; the little finger of which we should soon experience to be heavier than the loins of Parliament.” Chandler was born in Connecticut and educated at Yale. “Although he had advised the repeal of the Stamp Act, he was as ardent a Loyalist as churchman, and the events of the next few years moved him to vigorous protest against the drift toward revolution. In 1775 appeared his pamphlet What Think Ye of Congress Now? which was a spirited attack upon the authority and actions of the Continental Congress. The occurrences of April 1775 were too much for his Loyalist fervor, and he departed for England the following month” – DAB. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 107a. SABIN 16587. HOWES C754, “aa.” EVANS 13224. ESTC W20342. $2500.

Association Copy

33. Chauncy, Charles: THE APPEAL TO THE PUBLIC ANSWERED, IN BEHALF OF THE NON-EPISCOPAL CHURCHES IN AMER- ICA; CONTAINING REMARKS ON WHAT DR. THOMAS BRADBURY CHANDLER HAS ADVANCED....WHEREIN THE REASONS FOR AN AMERICAN EPISCOPATE ARE SHEWN TO BE INSUFFICIENT, AND THE OBJECTIONS AGAINST IT IN FULL FORCE. Boston: Printed by Kneeland and Adams, 1768. 205,1pp. Half title. Modern blue cloth, spine gilt. Light, even tanning. Very good.

Inscribed on the half title, almost certainly from Chauncy: “To the Hon. William Smith Jun. Esq. in New York.” William Smith, Jr. was a prominent New York lawyer and son of the jurist and historian of New York, William Smith. Growing political tensions between the colonies and the crown in the 1760s were mirrored in the views held toward the Anglican church in America. Patriots saw those who were high in the church as harboring Loyalist tendencies and viewed them with suspicion. Presbyterians and Congregationalists were also wary of the power of the Anglican church, and feared attempts to establish the dominance of the Church of England in America. In 1767, Thomas Bradbury Chandler, the rector of St. John’s Church in Elizabethtown, New Jersey, called for the appointment of a resident bishop and sparked a pamphlet war over the issue, of which Chauncy’s objection was the most prominent and forceful response. Bradbury would reply to Chauncy’s work with two of his own, in 1769 and 1771. Bradbury and Chauncy inevitably found themselves on opposite political sides of the question of Indepen- dence, and Bradbury eventually left America for England in 1775. EVANS 10853. ESTC W14552. SABIN 12311. BRINLEY SALE 6129. $750.

The Incredibly Rare New York Edition, Missed by Adams

34. Clinton, Henry: NARRATIVE OF LIEUTENANT-GENERAL SIR HENRY CLINTON, K.B. RELATIVE TO HIS CONDUCT DUR- ING PART OF HIS COMMAND OF THE KING’S TROOPS IN NORTH AMERICA, PARTICULARLY TO THAT WHICH RE- SPECTS THE UNFORTUNATE ISSUE OF THE CAMPAIGN IN 1781. WITH AN APPENDIX.... New York: Sower, Morton, and Horner, 1783. [2],39pp. Small quarto. 19th-century calf, spine gilt. Bookplate on rear pastedown. Titlepage bound cocked and trimmed close to a couple letters, not affecting text. Negligible foxing and soiling. Very good.

Rare New York printing (and only American edition) of this work, which went through several editions in London the same year. After distinguishing himself several times in action, particularly at Bunker Hill, Clinton was appointed in 1776 to act as second-in-command to Howe. He played a major part in the battle of Long Island, and in the capture of New York on Sept. 15 of that year. When Howe returned to England in May 1778, Clinton became commander-in-chief of the forces in North America, with Cornwallis as his second in command. Following the capitulation of Yorktown and the final loss of the colonies, he resigned his command and returned to England, publishing this Narrative in 1783. This resulted in an acrimonious quarrel with, and several rejoinders from, Cornwallis. Clinton was appointed governor of Gibraltar in July 1794 and died there in December 1795. Interestingly, one of the printers credited here, Christoph Sower, was a member of the German clan of printers who introduced German-language printing to America. A Loyalist, his print shop was destroyed in 1777 and he fled Philadelphia. He died in 1784, having returned to Germantown but not having re-established himself as a printer (see Arndt 601 for an acrostic by him evidently published on the occasion of his death). ESTC and AAS are in error in stating that this edition should have a portrait, evidently based on a copy having a portrait of Clinton, engraved by Dupin. Since no engraver named Dupin worked in 18th-century America, and there were no engravers in British-occupied New York, this must be supplied from a European source. This error seems to have crept in from the New York Public copy where the Dupin portrait is bound in (it does have a Paris imprint). ESTC locates only four copies, at New Jersey Historical, New-York Historical, New York Public, and Yale. Adams fails to note this edition, a rare lapse that suggests its rarity. ESTC W9181. EVANS 17876. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 83-21 (ref ). SABIN 13751. HOWES C496. $15,000.

35. Clinton, Henry: OBSERVATIONS ON SOME PARTS OF THE ANSWER OF EARL CORNWALLIS TO SIR HENRY CLIN- TON’S NARRATIVE...TO WHICH IS ADDED AN APPENDIX; CONTAINING EXTRACTS OF LETTERS AND OTHER PA- PERS, TO WHICH REFERENCE IS NECESSARY. London. 1783. [4],35,113,3pp. plus folding chart. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor soiling and foxing. Some wear to folding plate, separating at one fold. About very good. In a brown half morocco and cloth folder, spine gilt.

Sir Henry Clinton’s reply to Cornwallis’ defense of his conduct during the Yorktown campaign and at the Battle of Yorktown. Cornwallis felt his orders from Clinton, as well as assurances that he would be relieved, forced him into an indefensible position at Yorktown, and he was further aggrieved when Clinton blamed him for the disaster which followed. HOWES C499. SABIN 13754. $750.

36. Clinton, Henry: OBSERVATIONS ON MR. STEDMAN’S HIS- TORY OF THE AMERICAN WAR. London. 1794. [2],34pp. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Hinges and spine extremities slightly worn, front hinge starting. Later bookplate on front free endpaper. Scattered light foxing. Very good.

The Frank Cutter Deering copy, with his bookplate on the front free endpaper. Clinton defends his own conduct, as he feels it is misrepresented by Stedman. An important addition to one of the basic histories of the Revolution. Without the inserted leaf after the titlepage found in some copies. HOWES C498. SABIN 13753. $1000.

37. [Constitutions]: Jackson, William, arranger: THE CONSTITUTIONS OF THE SEVERAL INDEPENDENT STATES OF AMERICA; THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE; AND THE AR- TICLES OF CONFEDERATION BETWEEN THE SAID STATES. TO WHICH ARE NOW ADDED, THE DECLARATION OF RIGHTS.... London: Printed for J. Stockdale, 1783. [4],xxix,[3],367,401- 472,[4]pp., as issued. Modern half calf and marbled boards, leather label. Faint ink library stamp on titlepage. Very good. Without frontispiece portrait.

Second British edition, first state, without “Second edition” on the titlepage. A reissue of the first British edition printed a year earlier, with significant additions, including the “Declaration of Rights,” and particularly interesting for the inclusion of several important treaties relating to the United States. The two French treaties of 1778 are added, followed by one of the first printings (certainly the first English) of the American-Dutch treaty of June 7, 1782. This commercial treaty was the first concluded by the United States with any power other than France, and opened the door to essential Dutch loans to the United States. Finally, there is a printing of the Provisional Articles of Peace signed by the U.S. and Great Britain in Paris on Nov. 30, 1782. With very minor changes this became the final treaty signed the next year. These were first made public at the end of January 1783. The present edition appeared shortly thereafter. SABIN 16088. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 83-53a. HOWES C716. MATYAS 83- 02. COHEN 3020. ESTC T138353. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 67 (ref ). $1250.

First Documents of Revolution

38. [Continental Congress]: EXTRACTS FROM THE VOTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTINENTAL CON- GRESS, HELD AT PHILADELPHIA ON THE 5th OF SEPTEM- BER 1774. CONTAINING THE BILL OF RIGHTS, A LIST OF GRIEVANCES, OCCASIONAL RESOLVES, THE ASSOCIA- TION...PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE CONGRESS. New- London: Printed and sold by Timothy Green, 1774. 16pp. Small folio. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Old horizontal fold. Tanned throughout. Titlepage stained, and with three small holes along the horizontal fold affecting a few letters of text. Very good.

Scarce New London printing of one of the most significant documents of the American Revolution, condensing the most important proceedings of the First Continental Congress between Sept. 5 and Oct. 26, 1774. This publishes the Dec- laration of Rights, passed Oct. 14, by which Congress asserts the colonists’ rights as Englishmen and claims they were violated by the Stamp Act, the Townsend Act, the Coercive Acts, and the Quebec Acts. It further asserts their right to peace- ably assemble and have their own legislatures. The Declaration is followed by the Association, by which the colonies bound themselves to an agreement regarding non-importation, non-exportation, and non-consumption of British goods, and resolved to reassemble the following May if wrongs had not been redressed. This is followed by two addresses, one to the people of Great Britain and the other to the inhabitants of the colonies, justifying the conduct of the Congress. These actions laid the basis for American resistance and organized rebellion which escalated into open warfare in the spring of 1775. Needless to say, the actions of the Continental Congress were of the greatest interest in the colonies, and these Extracts... were published first in Philadelphia while Congress was still sitting. Printings followed in Albany, Annapolis, Boston, Hartford, Lancaster, New York, Newport, Norwich, and Providence, all in 1774. Timothy Green produced two editions in New London in 1774: the present edition and another one of seventy pages. Both editions have the same text, but the typeface used in this edition is significantly smaller and the size of the pages is larger. HOWES E247. EVANS 13731. NEW LONDON IMPRINTS 994. ESTC W32258. SABIN 15528 (ref ). REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 25 (ref ). $5000. Colonies Unite: Journal of the First Continental Congress

39. [Continental Congress]: JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONGRESS, HELD AT PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 5, 1774. Philadelphia: Printed by William and Thomas Bradford, at the London Coffee House, 1774. [4],132pp. Half title. Bound to style in three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt extra, leather label. Half title lightly soiled, contemporary ownership inscription (“Thos. Sinclair”). Light scattered foxing and soiling to text; p.15 torn at edge, not affecting text. Very good.

The Journals of the first Continental Congress, describing its meetings from Sept. 5, 1774 to Oct. 26, 1774, and one of the most basic documents of the American Revolution. This is the first issue of 132 pages, preceded in publication sequence only by a very rare misdated state of the titlepage. Committees of Correspondence resolved to hold a Continental Congress in June of 1774, and delegates from twelve colonies (none from Georgia) gathered in Philadelphia in autumn. It included many of the most distinguished men in America: Samuel and John Adams, Roger Sher- man, John Jay, Joseph Galloway, John Dickinson, Richard Henry Lee, George Washington, Edmund Pendleton, and Henry Middleton, among others. The Congress succeeded in taking numerous important steps. On Oct. 14 they adopted a Dec- laration of Rights, and agreed to an Association governing imports and exports and boycotting British goods. They also drafted an Address to the People of Great Britain and another Address to the Inhabitants of the Province of Quebec. They agreed to reassemble on May 10, 1775 for what was to be the fateful Congress that broke with England. The titlepage bears the famous seal of the Congress, showing twelve hands representing the twelve participating colonies supporting a column topped with a Liberty Cap and resting on the Magna Charta. EVANS 13737. HOWES J263, “b.” ESTC W20577. HILDEBURN 3036. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 20. $50,000.

Taking Up Arms, 1775, and the Olive Branch Petition

40. [Continental Congress]: THE DECLARATION BY THE REP- RESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED COLONIES OF NORTH AMERICA, NOW MET IN GENERAL CONGRESS AT PHILA- DELPHIA, SETTING FORTH THE CAUSES AND NECESSITY OF TAKING UP ARMS.... London. 1775. vi,[3]-32pp. Modern half calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Titlepage soiled, two drawings on final page (below the text). Tanned. Very good.

One of three London editions of this important collection of Congressional papers, including the declaration of Congress issued July 6, 1775, giving reasons for taking up arms; the address to the twelve colonies on July 8, calling for support; and the Olive Branch Petition, the last attempt at conciliation, issued Sept. 4, 1775. The first document appeared in several American editions before the British, but none combined with the Olive Branch petition. “This London edition was secretly issued, with no printer shown, as propaganda for American sympathizers” – Howes. The titlepage instructs: “read with candour; judge with impartiality.” This edition includes a “prefatory address from the London Association to the Public.” AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-149d. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 34 (ref ). HOWES D198. SABIN 15522, 19160. $3500.

Declaration of the Causes for Taking Up Arms, with a Woodcut View of Boston

41. [Continental Congress]: [Dickinson, John]: A DECLARATION BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED COLONIES OF NORTH-AMERICA, NOW MET IN GENERAL CONGRESS AT PHILADELPHIA, SETTING FORTH THE CAUSES AND NE- CESSITY OF THEIR TAKING UP ARMS [caption title]. [Ports- mouth: Daniel Fowle, 1775]. Broadsheet, 17½ x 11¼ inches. Woodcut of Boston at head of recto. Minor repaired separations at old folds. Very good. Matted.

Written by John Dickinson, based on a draft by Thomas Jefferson, issued after the battles of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill, and promulgated by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia on July 6, 1775, the present declaration would become a famous precursor to the Declaration of Independence. This is an extremely rare broadsheet printing of that declaration, published in Portsmouth, New Hampshire by the first printer there, Daniel Fowle. The first edition printed in Philadelphia by William and Thomas Bradford was in pamphlet form. Three other single-sheet editions are known, two printed in New York by John Holt and one printed in Providence by John Carter. This Portsmouth edition was printed by Daniel Fowle, who began his printing career in Boston in 1740, but fled to New Hampshire in 1755 after being arrested for libel and sedition by the Massachusetts government. Upon his arrival in Portsmouth he established the state’s first printing press and its first newspaper, the New Hampshire Gazette, and undertook all significant early New Hampshire printing. The declaration was issued by Congress three weeks after the battle of Bunker Hill and the burning of Charlestown, in defense of the armed resistance to the British forces in Massachusetts and martial law in Boston, and listed the injuries that had been inflicted upon the colonies. Even at this point, there was some small hope that a reconciliation might be possible, and the address depicts the Americans as a still potentially loyal population. Dickinson writes:

We for ten Years incessantly and ineffectually besieged the Throne as Sup- plicants; we reasoned, we remonstrated with Parliament in the most mild and decent Language. But Administration, sensible that we should regard those oppressive Measures as Freemen ought to do, sent over Fleets and Armies to enforce them. The Indignation of the Americans was roused it is true; but it was the Indignation of a virtuous, loyal, affectionate People....We have not raised Armies with ambitious Designs of separating from Great Britain, and establishing independent States. – We fight not for Glory or Conquest.

Nevertheless, the numerous violations of the British and the Crown made the need for military confrontation plain:

His Troops have butchered our Countrymen; have wantonly burnt Charles- Town, besides a considerable Number of Houses in other Places; our Ships and Vessels are seized; the necessary Supplies of Provisions are intercepted and he is exerting his utmost Power to spread Devastation and Destruction around him.... We are reduced to the Alternative of chusing unconditional Submission to the Tyranny of iritated Ministers, or resistance by Force. – The latter is our choice.

Finally, in the most well known passage of the declaration, the righteousness of the American cause is passionately and eloquently described:

Our Cause is just. Our Union is perfect. Our internal Resources are great; and if necessary, foreign Assistance is undoubtedly attainable....With Hearts fortified with these animating Reflections, we most solemnly, before God and the World declare, that, exerting the utmost Energy of those Powers, which our beneficent Creator hath graciously bestowed upon us the Arms we have been compelled by our Enemies to assume, we will, in defiance of every Hazard, with unabating Firmness and Perseverence, employ for the Preservation of our Liber- ties, being with one Mind resolved, to die Freemen rather than to live Slaves.

This broadsheet edition of the declaration includes a woodcut image of Boston with several Native Americans in the foreground, and with a caption in reference to the British military occupation that reads: “A View of that great and flourishing City of Boston, when in its purity, and out of the Hands of the Philistines.” The cut bears the signature of James Turner, who originally fashioned it for a 1745 issue of The American Magazine, which was published by Fowle and Gamaliel Rogers while Fowle was still in Boston. It made its way to Portsmouth with Fowle’s other printing supplies when he left Massachusetts, and was used by him in a 1759 publication as well as here. As such, this is the only version of the declaration in which it appears. It is one of the earliest views of an American city created in the American colonies. An important work in the history of the American Revolution, ESTC records copies of this edition in only four institutions: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, New Jersey Historical Society, American Antiquarian Society, and New York Public Library. OCLC notes a further copy at the Library of Congress. EVANS 14550. WHITTEMORE 184. WELLSPRINGS OF A NATION 144. REIL- LY, AMERICAN WOODCUTS AND ORNAMENTS 1046. ESTC W15198. OCLC 62766350. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 34 (ref ). $75,000.

The Journals of the Second Continental Congress in the Summer of 1775

42. [Continental Congress]: JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONGRESS, HELD AT PHILADELPHIA, MAY 10, 1775. Philadelphia: Printed and sold by William and Thomas Bradford..., 1775. [4],iv,239pp. Half title. Modern half calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Light foxing and soiling throughout, a few leaves more heavily. Very good.

The journals of the second Continental Con- gress, covering its activities from convening on May 10, 1775 through adjournment on Sept. 5, 1775. The activities of this summer, against the background of open conflict in Massachusetts, are among the most dramatic of the Revolutionary era. Included are reports concerning Lexington-Concord, the address to the inhabitants of Canada inviting them to join the other thirteen colonies, numerous military matters, the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity for Taking Up Arms, the Olive Branch Petition, the American negotiations with the Six Nations, and other crucial material. Essentially this volume is the very crux of the beginning of the Revolution, convening a few weeks after open warfare had begun and recording the essential shift in attitude in the Congress from conciliation to revolution. These journals, like those of the first Congress, were printed in very limited quantities and are quite rare. HOWES J264, “aa.” EVANS 14569. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 20. $60,000.

43. [Continental Congress]: JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONGRESS, HELD AT PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 5th, 1774. CONTAINING THE BILL OF RIGHTS, A LIST OF GRIEVANCES [&c]...TO WHICH IS ADDED (BEING NOW FIRST PRINTED BY AUTHORITY) AN AUTHENTIC COPY OF THE PETITION TO THE KING. London: J. Almon, 1775. [2],66,2pp. Half title. Modern paper boards, paper label. An internally fine copy.

This collection prints those portions of the entire Journal of Congress for that session which had not been printed earlier for British readers in the British edition of Extracts from the Votes and Proceedings... (1774). Pages 57-66 reprint, in its first English edition, the Petition for the Redress of Grievances, the last real effort to reach a resolution with the Crown. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-84c. SABIN 15544. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 20 (ref ). $2250. 44. [Continental Congress]: JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONGRESS HELD AT PHILADELPHIA, MAY 10, 1775. PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE CONGRESS. Philadelphia, Print- ed; London: Re-printed for J. Almon, 1776. [4],200pp. plus eight pages of publisher’s advertisements. Half title. Stitched as issued. Half title chipped and soiled, rear wrapper stained, Otherwise, minor foxing and soiling, a few leaves more heavily. A good, solid copy, in original condition. Untrimmed. In a cloth clamshell case, leather label.

This journal records the transactions of Congress for the period from May 10 to Aug. 1, 1775. Includes, among other items, the draft of the address of the Congress to the Six Confederated Indian Nations stating the grievances against Britain, the “Declaration...setting forth the causes and necessities of their taking up Arms,” the rules and regulations of the Continental Army, the appointment of Washington as commander in chief, the Olive Branch Petition, etc. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-151b. HOWES J264. SABIN 15543. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 20 (ref ). $1500.

A Complete Set of the Journals of Congress

45. [Continental Congress]: [COMPLETE SET OF THE JOURNALS OF CONGRESS CONTAINING THE PROCEEDINGS FROM SEPTEMBER 1774 TO NOVEMBER 1788]. [Philadelphia: Aitken (vols. 1-2), Patterson (vols. 3, 7), Claypoole (vols. 4-5, 8), Dunlap (vols. 6, 9-13), 1777-1788]. Thirteen volumes. Collations given below. Expertly bound to style in half period tree sheep and marbled boards, spines gilt, red morocco labels. Very good.

A complete set of the Journals of Congress, one of the most vital records of the Revolutionary and Confederation period. A complete set of the Journals of the Continental Congress, remarkably difficult to assemble. These Journals contain the most vital documents from the Revolutionary period until the adoption of the federal constitution in 1788. They are an essential basis for any comprehensive collection of the Revolution and early National period. On Sept. 26, 1776, Congress had authorized Robert Aitken to reprint the two congressional journals that had appeared, in effect, as occasional publications “and to continue to print the same.” With the loss of Aitken’s press in the fall of Philadelphia, this responsibility devolved to John Dunlap and David Claypoole. A tradition had already been established by the separate publication of the Journals of the first and second Continental Congresses in 1774 and 1775. The first volume of this series, begun after the Declaration of Independence, reprinted those journals and was issued concurrently with the second volume, both appearing from the press of Robert Aitken in 1777. The second volume included a printing of the Declara- tion. The volumes issued thus cover the entire span of the Continental Congress, beginning in 1774, through the Revolutionary years, and on to the period from the Peace in 1783 to the adoption of the Constitution. The final session sat through November 1788, and the new federal government began in April 1789. The set consists of the following:

1) Volume I, Sept. 5, 1774 to Jan. 1, 1776. Philadelphia: R. Aitken, 1777. [2],310,12pp. EVANS 15683. 2) Volume II, for the Year 1776. Philadelphia: R. Aitken, 1777. [2],513,[23]pp. The rare issue with Aitken’s imprint, one of a few known complete copies. EVANS 15684. 3) Volume III, Jan. 1, 1777 to Jan. 1, 1778. New York: John Patterson, [1788]. 603,[1],xxii pp. EVANS 21527. 4) Volume IV, Jan. 1, 1778 to Jan. 1, 1779. Philadelphia: David C. Claypoole, [1779]. [2],748,[2],lxxxix,[1],[4]pp. Includes 4pp. Appendix in the rear. EVANS 16584. 5) Volume V, Jan. 1, 1779 to Jan. 1, 1780. Philadelphia: David C. Claypoole, 1782. 464,[16],lxxiv pp. Terminal leaf of Index supplied from another copy. EVANS 17766. 6) Volume VI, Jan. 1, 1780 to Jan. 1, 1781. [Philadelphia]: John Dunlap, [1786]. 257,[1],xliii,[1]pp. Abridged issue, titled Resolutions, Acts and Orders of Congress, for the Year 1780. EVANS 20079. 7) Volume VII, for the Year 1781. New York: Patterson, 1787. 522,[17],[3],lxxix,1pp. EVANS 20773. 8) Volume VIII, November 1782 to November 1783. Philadelphia: David C. Clay- poole, 1783. 483,[1],xxxvi pp. EVANS 18266. 9) Volume IX, November 1783 to June 1784. Philadelphia: John Dunlap, [1784]. [bound with:] June 1784 to August 1784. Philadelphia: John Dunlap, 1784. 317,[1],xviii; 47,[1]pp. With the rare addendum with separate title. EVANS 18840, 18441. 10) Volume X, November 1784 to November 1785. Philadelphia: John Dunlap, 1785. 368,[1],xxvi pp. EVANS 19316. 11) Volume XI (title incorrectly reads Volume XII, as issued), November 1785 to November 1786. [Philadelphia]: John Dunlap, [1786]. 267,[1],xvi pp. EVANS 20068. 12) Volume XII, November 1786 to November 1787. [Philadelphia or New York]: Published by Order of the Congress, 1787. 255,[1],[10]pp. EVANS 20772. 13) Volume XIII, November 1787 to November 1788. [Philadelphia]: John Dunlap, [1788]. 170,xcviii,[2],xi,[1]pp. EVANS 21526.

The Journals are a foundation document of the American Republic. DAB XI, p.327. MATYAS, DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 77-09A. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 48. $82,500. The Continental Congress Instructs American Privateers: The Only Known Copy of This Issue, Signed by Henry Laurens as President of Congress

46. [Continental Congress]: [Privateering]: IN CONGRESS, WEDNES- DAY, APRIL 3, 1776. INSTRUCTIONS TO THE COMMANDERS OF PRIVATE SHIPS OR VESSELS OF WAR, WHICH SHALL HAVE COMMISSIONS OR LETTERS OF MARQUE AND RE- PRISAL, AUTHORISING THEM TO MAKE CAPTURES OF BRITISH VESSELS AND CARGOES [caption title]. [Philadelphia? John Dunlap? 1778?] Broadside, 13½ x 8½ inches. Old fold lines. Wear at some folds, one repaired on verso with tissue. Contemporary manuscript notations in text, signed by Henry Laurens. Very good.

The printed instructions issued by the Continental Congress to privateers during the American Revolution, in this case under the signature of Henry Laurens as President of the Congress. The text of the broadside elaborates eleven articles of instruction for American privateers, private vessels authorized to raid enemy commerce during wartime. These vessels far outnumbered ships of the fledgling American navy and had a huge effect on the outcome of the war, accounting for the capture of hundreds of British ships and millions of dollars in prize money. In addition to allowing the taking of ships by force of arms, the articles prohibit torture and murder, and indicate that Congress shall dictate disposal of prisoners. The privateering proclamation was first issued in April 1776 with John Hancock’s name printed as President of Congress. This was followed by another issue, which Hancock signed in manuscript. Subsequently the broadside was issued by other presidents of the Congress. South Carolinian Henry Laurens succeeded Hancock as president in November 1777, while the Congress was in York, Pennsylvania, and served through December of the following year. The present broadside, with Laurens’ signature, was probably issued in the latter part of 1778, after the American forces had reclaimed Philadelphia from British occupation. John Jay followed Laurens as president, and two issues of the broadside exist with his manuscript signature, dated in 1779. The ESTC notes the four Hancock and Jay issues, and the differences in type settings among them, but the present Laurens issue is unrecorded. It is likely that the broadside was part of the paperwork issued to American privateers to demonstrate that they were authorized by Congress and not simply pirates. This may be why the different issues were actually signed, by the President of Congress, in order to demonstrate the validity of the privateers actions. In this regard, interestingly, Laurens has also made two manuscript corrections to the text, changing the phrase “Inhabitants of Great Britain” to “Subjects of the King of Great Britain” in Article I: “You may, by force of arms, attack, subdue, and take all ships and other vessels belonging to the [subjects of the King] of Great Britain, on the High Seas, or between high water and low water marks...”; and inserting the additional condition “or acquitted” in Article V: “You shall keep and preserve every ship or vessel and cargo by you taken, until they shall by sentence of a court properly authorised be adjudged lawful Prize [or acquitted], not selling, spoiling, wasting, or diminishing the same or breaking the bulk thereof, nor suffering any such things to be done.” The only known copy of an important broadside, with the signature and corrections of Henry Laurens, illuminating a vital part of the American military effort in the Revolution. EVANS 15137 (Hancock issue). $17,500.

The Yorktown Edition of the Journals of Congress

47. [Continental Congress]: JOURNALS OF CONGRESS. CONTAIN- ING THE PROCEEDINGS FROM JANUARY 1, 1776, TO JANU- ARY 1, 1777. York-town, Pa.: Printed by John Dunlap, 1778. [2],520,xxvii pp. Slightly later three-quarter calf and marbled boards, gilt morocco label, neatly rebacked with original spine laid down. Upper and lower headbands restored. Old private ownership stamp on front fly leaf. A few leaves tanned, light scattered foxing. Very good.

This volume of the Journals of Congress is one of the rarest of the series issued from 1774 to 1788 and has a peculiar and romantic publication history. Textually it covers the exciting events of 1776, culminating with the Declaration of Indepen- dence on July 4, an early printing of which appears here, as well as all of the other actions of Congress for the year. It is thus a vital document in the history of American independence and the American Revolution. Through the middle of 1777 the printer of the Journals of Congress was Robert Aitken of Philadelphia. In 1777 he published the first issue of the Journals for 1776, under his own imprint. This was completed in the spring or summer. In the fall of 1777 the British campaign under Howe forced the Congress to evacuate Philadelphia, moving first to Lan- caster and then to York, Pennsylvania. The fleeing Congress took with it what it could, but not surprisingly was unable to remove many copies of its printed Journals, which would have been bulky and difficult to transport. Presumably, any left behind in Philadelphia were destroyed by the British, accounting for the particular scarcity of those volumes today. Among the material evacuated from Phila- delphia were the printed sheets of pages 1-424 of the 1776 Journals, printed by Aitken. Hav- ing lost many complete copies in Philadelphia and not having the terminal sheets to make up more copies, Congress resolved to reprint the remainder of the volume. Aitken had not evacuated his equipment, but John Dunlap, the printer of the original Declaration, had. Congress thus appointed Dunlap as the new printer to Congress on May 2, 1778. Dunlap then reprinted the rest of the volume (coming out to a slightly different pagination from Aitken’s version). He added to this a new titlepage, under his imprint at York, with a notice on the verso of his appointment as printer to Congress. This presumably came out between his appointment on May 2 and the return of Congress to Philadelphia in July 1778. Because of Dunlap’s name on the titlepage, it has often been erroneously assumed that this volume contains a printing of the Declaration of Independence by Dunlap. In fact, that appears in the section of the original Aitken printing. Evans has further muddied the waters by the ghost entry of Evans 15685, ascribing a Dunlap, York printing to 1777. In fact, there is only one Dunlap version, Evans 16137, with the 1778 date. A great Revolutionary rarity. EVANS 15685, 16137. HILDEBURN 3727. ESTC W20598. MATYAS, DECLARA- TION OF INDEPENDENCE 77-09B. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 48 (ref ). $22,500.

48. Cornwallis, Earl: AN ANSWER TO THAT PART OF THE NAR- RATIVE OF LIEUTENANT-GENERAL SIR HENRY CLINTON, K.B. WHICH RELATES TO THE CONDUCT OF LIEUTEN- ANT-GENERAL EARL CORNWALLIS, DURING THE CAM- PAIGN IN NORTH AMERICA, IN THE YEAR 1781. London. 1783. [2],xvi,[6],260pp. plus errata slip (tipped in after titlepage) and folding table. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor scattered foxing and soiling. Very good. Untrimmed. In a red half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt.

Cornwallis’ defense of his conduct during the Yorktown campaign and at the Battle of Yorktown. He felt his orders from Sir Henry Clinton, as well as assurances that he would be relieved, forced him into an indefensible position at Yorktown, and he was further aggrieved when Clinton blamed him for the disaster which followed. A most important Revolutionary narrative, in which Cornwallis describes his actions through the fateful campaign step by step. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 83-29. SABIN 16811. HOWES C781, “aa.” $750.

With Maps of Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard

49. [Crèvecoeur, Michel Guillaume St. Jean]: LETTERS FROM AN AMERICAN FARMER; DESCRIBING CERTAIN PROVINCIAL SITUATIONS, MANNERS, AND CUSTOMS, NOT GENERALLY KNOWN; AND CONVEYING SOME IDEA OF THE LATE AND PRESENT INTERIOR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE BRITISH COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA.... London. 1782. [16],318pp. plus two folding maps and [2]pp. of advertisements. Half title. Contemporary calf, rebacked, spine with raised bands, leather label. Corners worn, boards rubbed. Modern bookplate on front pastedown; contemporary inscriptions on front fly leaf. Modern library ink stamp on half title. Light scattered foxing and dampstaining. Good.

First printing of this important and greatly influential work. Crèvecoeur came to America during the French and Indian War and served with the French forces. Afterwards he settled in the British colonies, becoming a farmer. This work, which describes his experiences in America, is justly famous for its vivid picture of a colonial world slipping into the chaos of war, revolution, and nationhood. Two of the essays, “What is an American?” and “Distresses of a Frontier Man,” particularly address the confusion of the times. Crèvecoeur gives a negative assessment of slavery in his section on South Carolina, and one of the “letters” is written from Culpeper County, Virginia. There is also much on the natural history of British North America, and ethnographic information on American Indians. Also notable are Crèvecoeur’s account of Nantucket, and the excellent maps of that island and Martha’s Vineyard. “As literature unexcelled by any American work of the eighteenth century” – Howes. Certainly one of the chief works of literature, and one of the most important observations on America during the era of the Revolution. HOWES C883, “b.” CLARK I:218. STREETER SALE 711. SABIN 17496. MONA- GHAN 497. MEISEL III, p.352. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 70. $4250.

50. Day, Thomas: REFLECTIONS UPON THE PRESENT STATE OF ENGLAND, AND THE INDEPENDENCE OF AMERICA. London: Printed for J. Stockdale, 1783. [2],129,[5]pp. Modern half calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Titlepage expertly repaired along gutter. About very good.

The third edition, “with additions,” published a year after the first. Day (1748- 89) was a remarkably intelligent and provocative Englishman. He was “a holder and practitioner of strange ideas, a perpetual optimist and a profound pessimist, a philanthropist and a misanthrope, an opponent of organized charity but a soft touch for those on the cadge, a preacher and an iconoclast, and above all a recluse who found it almost impossible to keep out of the limelight, Day was a strange bundle of contradictions” – DNB. In 1773 he co-wrote The Dying Negro, a long poem narrating the tale of a runaway slave, and in 1776 he published another poem, The Devoted Legions, in support of the cause of the American colonists and critical of English government policy. In the present work Day asserts that England must make peace with the colonists, and implores the government to make a peace treaty with the American representatives currently in London. At the time, Day happened to be acting as an unpaid private secretary to Henry Laurens, one of the American peace negotiators. To this edition is added an essay, “Some Observations Upon the Excise-Laws.” AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 82-2c. SABIN 18986. HOWES D164. $750.

The Huntington Edition of the Declaration of Independence

51. [Declaration of Independence]: Huntington, Eleazer, engraver: IN CONGRESS JULY 4th, 1776. THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. [N.p., but Hartford, Ct.]: Eleazer Huntington, [ca. 1820-1824]. Engraved broadside, 24 x 19½ inches, printed on paper. Near fine.

The Declaration of Independence, the foundation document of the United States, has been printed myriad times since its original publication in 1776. At first as broadsides, then as an essential addition to any volume of laws, it was from the beginning a basic work in the American canon. The present document is one of the earliest broadside reproductions of the Declaration, done within a few years of the first broadside republications. In the period following the War of 1812, Americans began to look back, for the first time with historical perspective, on the era of the founding of the country. The republic was now forty years old, and the generation of the American Revolution, including the signers of the Declaration, was dropping away. With nostalgia and curiosity many Americans began to examine the details of the nation’s founding. Among other things, such documents as the debates of the Constitutional Conven- tion were published for the first time. It seems extraordinary that the Declaration of Independence, as created, was unknown to Americans, when the text was so central to the national ego. Several entrepreneurs set out to bridge this gap by printing reproductions of the document. The first to do so was a writing master named Benjamin Owen Tyler, who created a calligraphic version of the Declaration and published it in 1818, recreating exactly the signatures of the signers as they appeared on the original. Three other broadside printings of the Declaration were issued in 1818 and 1819, each containing ornamental borders or illustrations. These were followed in the early 1820s by the present printing by Hartford engraver and penmanship author Eleazer Huntington. Huntington followed Tyler’s example by creating a calligraphic facsimile of the Declaration, but stripped out the ornaments and illustrations that had been added by previous publishers, returning the document to the simple title and text of the original, and providing the signatures of the signers in exact facsimile. According to John Bidwell’s list, this is the sixth broadside reproduction of the Declaration of Independence. Bidwell locates only three copies of the Huntington printing of the Declaration, at the Huntington Library, Massachusetts Historical Society, and American Antiquarian Society. Rare, attractive, and important. John Bidwell, “American History in Image and Text” in Proceedings of the American Anti- quarian Society, 1988, Vol. 98, pp.247-302 (also issued as a separate pamphlet by AAS), item 6. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 41 (ref ). $17,500.

A Cartographic Landmark, with the Very Rare Explanatory Text Leaf

52. Des Barres, J.F.W. [publisher]: Holland, Samuel, and George Callendar [surveyors]: A CHART OF THE HARBOUR OF BOSTON, COM- POSED FROM DIFFERENT SURVEYS; BUT PRINCIPALLY FROM THAT TAKEN IN 1769, BY MR. GEORGE CALLENDAR, LATE MASTER OF HIS MAJESTY’S SHIP THE ROMNEY. Lon- don: Published by J.F.W. Des Barres in The Atlantic Neptune, Aug. 5, 1775. Copper-engraved and etched map, with aquatint, on two joined sheets. Printed on laid paper with “J Bates” watermark and “JB” countermark. Sheet size: 30¼ x 42½ inches. In excellent condition. Accompanied by the folio explanatory text leaf, titled as above. Very good.

The finest and most celebrated sea chart of Boston Harbor ever produced, and a highly important Revolutionary War map depicting details relating to the Siege of Boston, with the very rare explanatory text leaf. This is one the most important maps contained in Des Barres’ The Atlantic Neptune, and one of the most significant large-scale maps of the Revolutionary War. It provides an invaluable record of Boston at the beginning of the war, covering the area from the environs of the city out into the open waters of Massachusetts Bay. A particularly striking feature is the use of boldly etched and subtly aquatinted details to capture the diverse topography of the region, including the numerous hills, islands, and river estuaries. It is important to remember that this was issued as a working sea chart, and as such the cartographer has naturally concentrated on features such as depth soundings, indicated by detailed lines and based on surveys by Samuel Holland and George Callendar, and the navigable channels between the harbor’s numerous shoals, which are delicately outlined in stipple-engraving. Holland’s original manuscript map is today preserved in the British Hydrographic Library at Taunton, Somerset. The present map shows the city of Boston, with its streets carefully outlined, occupying a pear-shaped peninsula, a position that would soon prove precarious to its British defenders in the escalating conflict. This is the second state (of five) of Des Barres’ chart, and is identical to the Henry Stevens Collection variant 96D in the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. This state shows a number of notable changes when compared with the original, and was evidently altered to take particular account of the Siege of Boston (April 19, 1775 to March 17, 1776). Henry Stevens noted that this state depicted the addition of “Numerous Forts, Batteries, Redoubts, &c. [which] have been inserted in many places, notably on the Charles Town peninsula, and on the mainland between ‘Willis Creek’ and ‘Mystic River,’ also on the east and north side of ‘Charles River’ below ‘Cambridge’...[also] to the south of ‘Boston Neck’ and ‘Dorchester Neck’....[This state] is almost as rare as the first state. It is found in some copies of the earliest edition of the Neptune.” The accuracy, scope, and artistic virtue of Des Barres’ Chart of the Harbour of Boston was apparent to his contemporaries, and it became the main source map of the area for decades to come. Joseph Frederick Wallet Des Barres was born in Switzerland, where his Hu- guenot ancestors had fled following the repeal of the Edict of Nantes. He studied under the great mathematician, Daniel Bernoulli, at the University of Basel before immigrating to Britain, where he trained at the Royal Military College, Woolwich. Upon the outbreak of hostilities with France in 1756 he joined the British Royal American Regiment as a military engineer. He came to the attention of Gen. James Wolfe, who appointed him to join his personal detail. During this period he also worked with legendary future explorer James Cook on a monumental chart of the St. Lawrence River. Upon the conclusion of the Seven Years’ War, Britain’s empire in North America was greatly expanded, and this required the creation of a master atlas featuring new and accurate sea charts for use by the Royal Navy. Des Barres was enlisted to survey the coastlines of Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. With these extremely accurate surveys in hand, Des Barres returned to London in 1774, where the Royal Navy charged him with the Herculean task of producing the atlas. He was gradually forwarded the manuscripts of numerous advanced surveys conducted by British cartographers in the American Colonies, Jamaica, and Cuba. The present map is based on the survey work of Samuel Holland conducted in the 1760s. The result was The Atlantic Neptune, which became the most celebrated sea atlas of its era, contains the first systematic survey of the east coast of North America. Des Barres’ synergy of great empirical accuracy with the peerless artistic virtue of his aquatint views, created a work that “has been described as the most splendid collection of charts, plates and views ever published” (NMM). The Atlantic Neptune eventually consisted of four volumes, and Des Barres’ dedication to the project was so strong, often at his own expense he continually updated and added new charts and views to various editions up until 1784, producing over 250 charts and views, many appearing in several variations. All of these charts were immensely detailed, featuring both hydrographical and topographical information, such that in many cases they remained the most authoritative maps of the regions covered for several decades. Following the completion of The Atlantic Neptune, Des Barres returned to Canada, where he remained for a further forty years, becoming a senior political figure and a wealthy land owner, living to the advanced age of 103. GUTHORN (referring to Holland’s original manuscripts) 59/3. A. Krieger & D. Cobb, Mapping Boston, p.107 (1781 issue). R. Lingel, “ The Atlantic Neptune “ in Bulletin of the New York Public Library, Vol. 40, No. 7 ( July 1936), N91.2. NEBENZAHL 3. NMM HENRY STEVENS COLLECTION K0713 HNS 96D. Stevens, “Bibliography of The Atlantic Nep- tune” (unpublished), pp.211-16. SELLERS & VAN EE 945. $35,000.

The “earliest serious study into colonial legal rights” (Howes)

53. [Dickinson, John]: LETTERS FROM A FARMER IN PENNSYL- VANIA, TO THE INHABITANTS OF THE BRITISH COLO- NIES. Philadelphia: Printed by David Hall and William Sellers, 1768. 71pp. Antique-style three-quarter speckled calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Contemporary notation on titlepage, minor loss to top outer corner, slightly affecting one letter. Light foxing, else very good.

Second Philadelphia edition, printed the same year as the first. First published in three Pennsylvania newspapers in December of the preceding year, Dickinson’s Letters... were reprinted whole or in part in virtually every other newspaper in the English colonies. In book form, almost a dozen different printings appeared in the next half decade, and Howes characterizes this work as the “earliest serious study into colonial legal rights.” “The Letters, although very pacific in tone, showed wide knowledge both of the practical economics of the situation and of the broad legal principles underlying English liberty and created a deep impression here and abroad” – DAB. Only a handful of copies in ESTC. EVANS 10879. HOWES D329. AMERICAN INDEPEN- DENCE 54b. SABIN 20044. ESTC W31741. REESE, REVO- LUTIONARY HUNDRED 9 (ref ). $4500.

54. [Dickinson, John]: A NEW ESSAY (BY THE PENNSYLVANIA FARMER) ON THE CONSTITUTIONAL POWER OF GREAT- BRITAIN OVER THE COLONIES IN AMERICA; WITH THE RESOLVES OF THE COMMITTEE FROM THE PROVINCE OF PENNSYLVANIA. London: J. Almon, 1774. vii,126pp. plus one leaf of advertisements. Lacks half title. 19th-century black half morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities worn, boards and spine rubbed. Minor toning and foxing to first and last few leaves. Very good.

First British edition, after the Philadelphia edition of the same year. An important political pamphlet by the influential author. Dickinson established his reputation as a brilliant lawyer in 1765, when he wrote his first tract against the Stamp Act and his Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania... became one of his most important patriotic tracts prior to the Revolution. In 1774 he was elected chairman of the Philadelphia Committee of Correspondence, and this pamphlet consists of three papers he drew up which were adopted by the Committee in July of that year. “They state the principles upon which the colonies based their claim to redress; instructions to the Congressional delegates to be chosen by the Assembly; and a treatise on the constitutional power of Great Britain to tax the colonies” – DAB. Over the crucial next two years, Dickinson would grow gradually more conservative, eventually becoming opposed to the independence movement. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-28b. HOWES D326. SABIN 20046. DAB V, pp.299- 300. $2000.

The Voice of a Sometime Revolutionary

55. [Duche, Jacob]: OBSERVATIONS ON A VARIETY OF SUB- JECTS, LITERARY, MORAL AND RELIGIOUS; IN A SERIES OF ORIGINAL LETTERS, WRITTEN BY TAMOC CASPIPINA, A GENTLEMAN OF FOREIGN EXTRACTION.... Philadelphia: Printed by John Dunlap, 1774. x,241,[1]pp. 12mo. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Minor foxing and toning. Very good.

The “gentleman of foreign extraction” was actually Jacob Duche, a notorious Philadel- phia Loyalist, distinguished for having been appointed Chaplain of the Continental Congress and then turning the tables on his fellow revolutionaries by predicting their defeat and urging the recall of the Declaration of Independence. He was cursed as a traitor and took refuge in England in 1777. The letters contained herein relate mostly to describing prominent Philadelphia residents and institutions. The author gives an account of the Quakers, and writes favorably of Philadelphia and of America in general. His ingenious pseudonym, “Tamoc Caspipina,” is an acronym derived from his position of “The Assistant Minister of Christ’s Church and St. Peter’s in Philadelphia in North America.” There exists another Philadelphia issue of this work, printed the same year as the present one, by Robert Bell. BRINLEY SALE 3135. HILDEBURN 3008. EVANS 13259. SABIN 21055 (ref ). DAB V, pp.476-77. $750.

One of the First Voices Against the Stamp Act

56. [Dulany, Daniel]: CONSIDERATIONS ON THE PROPRIETY OF IMPOSING TAXES IN THE BRITISH COLONIES, FOR THE PURPOSE OF RAISING A REVENUE, BY ACT OF PARLIA- MENT. North America, Printed; London, Re-printed. 1766. [6],81,[1]pp. (p.81 misnumbered “69”). Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards, leather label. Some dust soiling and scattered foxing, small chip at top of last leaf not affecting text. Very good.

This is the first London edition, published after the rare first American edition of 1765, with the same text. Adams notes that this edition was “printed by William Strahan on the order of Benjamin Franklin....” Dulany, a Maryland lawyer, opposed the Stamp Act on the grounds that the theory of virtual representation did not apply to the colonies. His work was of importance in raising further opposition to the internal taxation of the British North American colonies. William Pitt is said to have been strongly influenced by Dulany’s opinions, and their author was publicly acknowledged by him. SABIN 21170. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 11f. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 65-6b. HOWES D550. BAILYN, PAMPHLETS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 13. $1250.

A Year Before the Declaration... Washington Appointed Commander-in-Chief

57. [Dunlap, John]: [Pennsylvania Packet]: POSTSCRIPT TO THE PENNSYLVANIA PACKET. No. 184. JULY 4, 1775 [caption title]. [Philadelphia. July 4, 1775]. Broadsheet, approximately 16¼ x 10 inches. Edges chipped, upper left corner nearly torn away. Several small binding holes, not affecting text. Tanned, light foxing. Verso moderately soiled. About good.

Supplement to the Philadelphia newspaper, Pennsylvania Packet, published by John Dunlap in various guises until 1800. At this time the periodical was printed weekly and often carried important first public printings of Revolutionary and early federal news and government documents. After the end of the Revolution it went on to become the nation’s first successful daily paper. This issue contains reports from across Europe that had recently arrived on ships from London and Belfast. The final short item notes that the Continental Congress has appointed George Washington “General and Commander in Chief of all the American forces.” $1500.

58. Faden, William: A PLAN OF THE ATTACK OF FORT SULIVAN [sic], NEAR CHARLES TOWN IN SOUTH CAROLINA. BY A SQUADRON OF HIS MAJESTY’S SHIPS, ON THE 28th JUNE 1776. WITH THE DISPOSITION OF THE KING’S LAND FORC- ES, AND THE ENCAMPMENTS AND ENTRENCHMENTS OF THE REBELS FROM THE DRAWINGS MADE ON THE SPOT. London: Wm. Faden, Aug. 10, 1776. Copper-engraved map, with original hand-coloring. Text printed below map in two columns. Plate mark: 11½ x 15¼ inches. Sheet size: 20½ x 16½ inches. Very good.

An extremely rare separately issued Revolutionary War battle plan by William Faden, depicting a critical altercation near Charleston, South Carolina. This highly important and finely engraved map captures the dramatic action surrounding the British naval assault on Fort Sullivan, the strategic “key” to Charleston, the South’s largest city. It is the fourth of five states of the map, which was the first Revolutionary battle plan to be drafted by William Faden. In the Spring of 1776, South Carolina had fallen into the firm possession of the Americans, a reality the British were determined to challenge. They dispatched a fleet of twenty ships (although only nine were armed) under Commodore Peter Parker, manned by marines, with the mission under the overall command of Major Gen. Sir Henry Clinton. The ships moored in Five Fathom Hole and landed on Long Island, which lay to the north of Sullivan’s Island. The British base, with the original positions of the British ships and with the regiment numbers of marine corps labeled and heightened in red is located towards the upper right of the map. Meanwhile, practical considerations indicated that the Patriot defenders were in considerable trouble. Led by Col. William Moultrie, the Americans were short of experienced troops and ammunition. Fort Sullivan, located on the southern tip of the island of the same name, had to be held, otherwise Charleston would surely fall. While the elegant plan of the fort, located in the inset at the upper left of the map, makes it appear to be a well designed bastion, it was in reality cobbled together with palmetto logs. The American or “Rebel” positions are also heightened in red, and the fort is shown connected to the mainland by an improvised bridge. Moultrie had a total of 1,125 men against the 2,900 British marines. More troublesome, the fort had only twenty-six guns, with only twenty-eight rounds of ammunition per gun against the British fleet’s 270 well-stocked cannon. Fortunately for the Americans, the British proceeded to make a series of strategic errors. Clinton, who relied on information given by harbor pilots who were press- ganged into service, spent days looking for a non-existent ford between Long Island and Sullivan’s Island, which in reality was prevented by the presence of a seven-foot deep channel. This bought the Americans time, which allowed American colonel William Thomson to fortify the northern tip of the island, as indicated on the map. On June 28 the British mounted their full-on naval assault of the fort, indicated on the map by the ships shown grouped together just off the fort, with each ship being named and detailed with its number of guns. Moultrie wisely rationed and synchronized the use of his limited firepower, such that the British met heavier than expected resistance. Unfamiliar with the tidal shoals that lay near the fort, the British ships were unable to sail close enough to the fort to deliver lethal blows, while remaining in range of the American guns. Amazingly, many of the British rounds which did strike the fort were harmlessly absorbed into the structure’s spongy palmetto logs. British flagship H.M.S. Bristol took heavy losses, and another ship ran aground and had to be abandoned. Another British attempt to storm Thomson’s northern positions with a raid by long boats was easily repelled. The British were forced to completely withdraw, and promptly set sail for New York. This map conforms to the fourth state noted by Stevens & Tree, having the text printed below the plan, without the dedication, and an extra bridge of boats spanning the channel near Fort Sullivan, among other subtle changes. GUTHORN, BRITISH MAPS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 145/25. NE- BENZAHL, ATLAS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, map 8, p.60. NEBEN- ZAHL, PRINTED BATTLE PLANS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 64. STE- VENS & TREE 14d. $10,000.

A Legendary North Carolina Revolutionary Rarity: “The first book printed in the Confederacy” (Howes)

59. Fanning, David: THE NARRATIVE OF COLONEL DAVID FAN- NING. (A TORY IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN;) GIVING AN ACCOUNT OF HIS ADVEN- TURES IN NORTH CAROLINA, FROM 1775 TO 1783, AS WRIT- TEN BY HIMSELF. Richmond, Va. 1861. xxv,[1],92pp. Quarto. Contem- porary three-quarter red morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Corners worn. Modern bookplate on rear pastedown. Original front wrapper bound in at rear, together with a presentation inscription from editor Thomas Wynne. Minor foxing to first and last leaves. Internally clean. Very good.

A legendary rarity, famed as the first book printed in the Confederacy, and one of fifty copies printed on thin paper (ten were on thick paper), of which twenty were destroyed by fire. “David Fanning, a native of Amelia County, Virginia, was one of the most famous or notorious of southern Tories. His whole Revolu- tionary career consisted of raids and guerrilla warfare against the patriots in North Carolina and occasionally in South Carolina. He was captured several times...but always escaped to resume his sensational exploits....Full of bravado and vengeance” – Clark. Produced by Thomas H. Wynne as the first number in a series called “Historical Documents Relating to the Old North State.” Parrish & Willingham locate fifteen copies. An exceptionally desirable item and leading Confederate rarity. PARRISH & WILLINGHAM 5380. HARWELL, CONFEDERATE HUN- DRED 30. HOWES F26, “b.” CLARK I:235. SABIN 23778. REESE, REVO- LUTIONARY HUNDRED 99. $15,000.

America’s Magna Charta

60. [Franklin, Benjamin]: [Constitutions]: CONSTITUTIONS DES TREIZE ÉTATS-UNIS DE L’AMÉRIQUE. A Philadelphie; et se trouve à Paris.... 1783. [4],540pp. Antique-style half calf and marbled boards, original gilt spine laid down. Contemporary inscription on titlepage. Light dampstaining and wear to top edge, first three and last two leaves reinforced with tissue at stain. Very good.

The Franklin-inspired French edition of the constitutions of the original thirteen states of the newly created United States of America. Only 600 copies were printed for Franklin, of which 100 were on large paper. Franklin was then ambassador to the French Court and had just completed negotiations with Great Britain for the independence of the United States. The work was translated by the Duc de la Roche- foucauld at Franklin’s suggestion and includes over fifty footnote annotations by the latter. “Franklin’s grand gesture in publishing and distributing these constitutions, about which there was an intense interest and curiosity among statesmen, was one of his chief achievements as propagandist for the new American republic” – Streeter. Also included are the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, and the treaties between the United States and France, the Low Countries, and Sweden. The titlepage bears the first appearance in a book of the seal of the United States designed by Franklin (the eagle, stars, and stripes). The inscription on the titlepage of the present copy reads: “Donnépar M. le duc de la Rochefoucaut traducteur de cet ouvrage” (in translation: “Given by M. the duke de la Rochefoucaut, translator of this work”). HOWES C716, “aa.” SABIN 16118. LIVINGSTON, FRANKLIN & HIS PRESS AT PASSY, pp.181-88. STREETER SALE 1035. COHEN 3033. REESE, REVOLUTION- ARY HUNDRED 74. $4000.

A Leading Loyalist Tract

61. [Galloway, Joseph]: A CANDID EXAMINATION OF THE MU- TUAL CLAIMS OF GREAT-BRITAIN, AND THE COLONIES: WITH A PLAN OF ACCOMMODATION, ON CONSTITU- TIONAL PRINCIPLES. New York: James Rivington, 1775. [2],62pp. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards, leather label. Very minor foxing and soiling. Very good plus.

An important Loyalist tract from the leading Loyalist printer. It is described by Howes as “one of the most famous Tory tracts, upholding unlimited Parliamentary supremacy. In several colonies copies were officially burned.” Galloway later fled America for England. This copy is one (probably the first) of two states, without the errata on the verso of the titlepage. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 164. EVANS 14059. SABIN 26422. HOWES G34. $4500.

62. [Galloway, Joseph]: COOL THOUGHTS ON THE CONSEQUENC- ES TO GREAT BRITAIN OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. ON THE EXPENCE OF GREAT BRITAIN IN THE SETTLEMENT AND DEFENCE OF THE AMERICAN COLONIES. ON THE VALUE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE AMERICAN COLONIES AND THE WEST INDIES TO THE BRITISH EMPIRE. London: Printed for J. Wilkie, 1780 [i.e. 1779]. [2],70pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor soiling. Very good. In a red half morocco and cloth folder. Lacks the half title.

An important pamphlet by the Pennsylvania Tory, pointing out why Great Brit- ain should hold onto the colonies. Galloway was the most prominent Loyalist in America during the Revolution. HOWES G36. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-42:1a. SABIN 26425. BEINECKE LESSER ANTILLES COLLECTION 326. $1250.

63. [Galloway, Joseph]: THE EXAMINATION OF JOSEPH GALLO- WAY, ESQ; LATE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY OF PENNSYLVANIA. BEFORE THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, IN A COMMITTEE ON THE AMERICAN PAPERS. WITH EX- PLANATORY NOTES. London. 1779. [2],85pp. Modern paper wrappers. Minor toning to titlepage, else internally clean. Very good.

Galloway, one of the most outspoken prominent Loyalists, had been very critical of Gen. Howe and the British ministry regarding their conduct of the war following the evacuation of Philadelphia. In the present hearing Lord Germain retaliated in part, grilling Galloway for several hours and attempting to discredit him (which he succeeded in doing to some extent). Galloway himself saw his testimony as a triumph and purchased hundreds of copies. ESTC T13512. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-49a. HOWES G37. $2750.

64. [Galloway, Joseph]: A LETTER TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE LORD VISCOUNT H–E, ON HIS NAVAL CONDUCT IN THE AMERICAN WAR. London. 1779. [4],50,[1]pp. 20th-century three-quarter calf and cloth, gilt leather label. Contemporary drab wrappers bound in. Some light toning and foxing. Very good plus.

Galloway, a leading Loyalist, criticizes the actions of Admiral Viscount Richard Howe, brother of Gen. William Howe, during the American Revolution. In 1780-81, Galloway printed a series of eight letters which appeared in the London Chronicle, signed “Cicero,” charging the Admiral with gross misconduct in his failed operations during the war. This pamphlet addresses Howe’s conduct during the 1776-79 period, when Howe was battling the French fleet and the smaller American forces. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-43a. HOWES G42. SABIN 26435. $750.

65. [Galloway, Joseph]: LETTERS TO A NOBLEMAN ON THE CON- DUCT OF THE WAR IN THE MIDDLE COLONIES. London: J. Wilkie, 1780. viii,101pp. plus folding map and advertisement leaf. Half title. 20th-century blue morocco, gilt, by Sangorski and Sutcliffe. Extremities lightly rubbed, spine lightly faded. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Half title lightly foxed and soiled. Minor scattered foxing. Very good.

Self-styled third edition of this important work on the campaign of Gen. Howe, 1777-78, by the most prominent Loyalist in America during the Revolution. “Written to demonstrate the shameful misconduct of the English generals in the American war” – Sabin. The map, “A Plan of the Operations of the British & Rebel Army, in the Campaign, 1777,” shows the region around the Schuylkill, Delaware, and Brandywine rivers, with an inset of Mud Island Fort. HOWES G43. SABIN 26436. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-44d. $1250.

66. Gascoigne, John, and William Faden: A PLAN OF PORT ROYAL IN SOUTH CAROLINA. SURVEY’D BY CAPN. JOHN GAS- COIGNE. London: Jefferys & Faden, [1776]. Copper-engraved sea chart. Sheet size: 32½ x 25¾ inches. Excellent condition, on a full, untrimmed sheet.

A very rare and highly detailed sea chart, the most important map of South Carolina’s Port Royal Sound and Hilton Head made in the early days of the Revolutionary War, in the first state. This very finely engraved and immensely detailed chart was superior to all other maps printed of the region, and the most important portrayal of the Port Royal Sound available in the early days of the Revolutionary War. The map embraces present-day Beaufort County, with the Sound’s excellent natural harbor, formed by the numerous Sea Islands, which are separated from each other by an elaborate web of tidal channels. The Broad River enters from the north, and the sound is bordered by Port Royal, Parris, and Trench’s (Hilton Head) Island, and Lady’s and Saint Helena islands. In the upper center of the image is the town of Beaufort, and numerous plantations are individually labeled. This sea chart was one of the most detailed and accurate of any such map of the American coastline. The immense detail of the hydrography was the result of surveys conducted by Capt. John Gascoigne, assisted by his brother James. In 1728, aboard the H.M.S. Alborough, he employed the most sophisticated and modern techniques with exacting attention to detail to produce a manuscript chart. The following year this chart was altered by Francis Swaine, and it would appear that Swaine’s manuscript, or a close copy of it, found its way to the London workshop of William Faden. Faden, the successor to the great Thomas Jefferys, was already one of Britain’s leading cartographers, and this map, here in the first state, although undated, was printed in 1776. The Port Royal Sound region has one of the most diverse and fascinating histories of any part of the American South. The region was originally the domain of the Yamasee native tribe, and was known to Europeans since 1521, when it was encountered by a Spanish expedition led by Francisco Cordillo. In 1562, Jean Ribaut led a party of Huguenot colonists to found Charlesfort on Parris Island. The French presence soon proved too close for comfort for the Spanish, who had established a base at St. Augustine in 1565. The Spanish commander, Pedro Ménendez de Avilés, succeeded in crushing the French colony, establishing his own outpost of Santa Elena nearby in 1566. Santa Elena became the capital of Spanish Florida and an important Jesuit mission that sought to convert the natives to Christianity. It was finally abandoned in 1587. For a brief period in the 1680s the area was also home to a Stuart Town, the first Scottish settlement in the Americas. In 1663, Capt. William Hilton, sailing from the Barbados in the Adventure, conducted a reconnaissance of the region, newly claimed by England. It was on this trip that he named Hilton Head after himself. In the 1670s the first governor of Carolina, William Sayle, led a party of Bermudian colonists to found the town of Port Royal. The English settlement of the region proved to be successful and enduring, and what was to become the most important town in the region, Beaufort, was founded in 1710. This chart was the finest and most detailed map available in the early days of the Revolutionary War, and would most certainly have been used by commanders in formulating their battle plans. This is significant, as Port Royal Sound was one of the South’s finest harbors, and both sides in the conflict believed that possession of the area was of great strategic importance. Early in the war the region had fallen under the control of the American patriots; however, in December 1778 the Brit- ish seized control of nearby Savannah, Georgia. As the new year of 1779 dawned, the British commander there, Gen. Augustin Prevost, was determined to further his gains. Taking advantage of Britain’s naval superiority, Prevost dispatched the H.M.S. George Germaine with two hundred marines aboard, commanded by Major Valentine Gardiner. On Feb. 1 they first engaged American forces at Hilton Head, who then decided to strategically withdraw up the Broad River, with the British in close pursuit. A fierce battle occurred at Bull’s Plantation, forcing the Americans to retreat to the shelter of the surrounding forested swamps. Emboldened by his success, on Feb. 2, Gardiner decided to attack Beaufort, which was defended by Gen. William Moultrie. A pitched battle ensued in which Moultrie managed to disable some of the British guns, which neutralized the British advantage. The next day Gardiner was forced to retreat with heavy losses. On Sept. 24 of the same year, in what was to become known as the Battle of Hilton Head, three British ships were set upon by a trio of French ships, allied to the American cause. After a dramatic chase and intense exchange of cannon fire, the principal British ship, the H.M.S. Experiment, was forced to surrender. The area remained an important base for the American cause, and although the British conducted isolated raids along the coast, it remained in the possession the American forces until the end of the war. SELLERS & VAN EE, MAPS & CHARTS OF NORTH AMERICA & THE WEST INDIES 1529. Steven & Tree, “Comparative Cartography” in TOOLEY, THE MAPPING OF AMERICA 71(a). CUMMING, BRITISH MAPS OF COLONIAL AMERICA, pp.47-49. CUMMING, THE SOUTHEAST IN EARLY MAPS 204 (refs). $5500.

Merchants Against the War

67. [Glover, Richard]: THE EVIDENCE DELIVERED ON THE PE- TITION PRESENTED BY THE WEST-INDIA PLANTERS AND MERCHANTS TO THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, AS IT WAS INTRODUCED AT THE BAR, AND SUMM’D UP BY MR. GLOVER. [London. 1775]. [2],95pp. Early marbled wrappers. Spine worn. Very good.

“Grave concern over the dire effects to be suffered if the Colonies should effectuate their threatened embargo of the West Indian trade: ‘The islands which are supplied with most of their subsistence from thence will be reduced to utmost distress, the trade between the islands and the Kingdom will be obstructed, and both the Plant- ers and the Merchants will face ruin’” – Eberstadt. SABIN 23302, 27606. EBERSTADT 135:19, 138:728, 168:507. AMERICAN CON- TROVERSY 75-54a. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 166a. BEINECKE, LESSER ANTILLES COLLECTION 305. $1500.

68. Gordon, William: A DISCOURSE PREACHED DECEMBER 15, 1774. BEING THE DAY RECOMMENDED BY THE PROVIN- CIAL CONGRESS; AND AFTERWARDS AT THE BOSTON LECTURE. London. 1775. [4],36pp. Half title. Modern buckram, spine gilt. Contemporary ink ownership signature and small ink stain on first leaf, minor foxing. Very good. Untrimmed.

A fiery sermon on the “distressing and alarming” state of affairs in the American colonies, by William Gordon, pastor of the Third Church in Roxbury, Massachu- setts. Gordon blasts the Crown and Parliament of Great Britain:

The late venal Parliament, in compliance with the directions of administration, have, under the false colour of regulating the government of the colony, mutilated its charter, and conveyed dangerous powers to individuals, for the enforcing and maintaining those encroachments, that they have ventured, in defiance of common equity, to make upon the rights of a free people....The operation of the late unconstitutional acts of the British Parliament, would not only deprive the colony of individual privileges, but introduce a train of evils, little expected by the generality, and give the British ministry such an ascendancy in all public affairs, as would be to the last degree dangerous.

The half title reads: “Religious and Civil Liberty, a Thanksgiving Discourse.” Re- printed in the same year from the first Boston edition, which includes a warning to the colonies to be prepared for an attack, a leaf not issued in this edition. “William Gordon, the rash and unrestrained clergyman of the Third Church in Roxbury, attacked England and the Loyalists, whom he called ‘the partisans of slavery’” (Nebenzahl). Scarce, with only sixteen copies worldwide per ESTC. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-55b. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 167c. SA- BIN 28005. NEBENZAHL 9:95. ESTC T53922. $850.

69. Gordon, William: A SERMON PREACHED BEFORE THE HON- ORABLE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ON THE DAY IN- TENDED FOR THE CHOICE OF COUNSELLORS, AGREE- ABLE TO THE ADVICE OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS .... Watertown, Ma. 1775. 29pp. Half title. Contemporary ownership inscription on front wrapper. Somewhat tanned, scattered foxing. Very good.

William Gordon, later one of the first American historians of the Revolution, re- flects on the situation of the Continental Congress in a sermon before the General Court of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress on July 19, 1775. Gordon himself was “a vigorous partisan of independence and in 1775 was made chaplain to both houses of the Provincial Congress assembled at Watertown. Congress possessed great confidence in him and voted him a good horse and access to the prisoners of war.” Of the forthcoming conflict, Gordon says in his address:

He who does not mean to bear a part in the public burdens of the day, but to escape wholly unhurt in property and person is no patriot; while he that, instead of serving, designs only to serve himself of the public, to acquire riches and raise a fortune out of the general calamity, must be really the worst of men, cannot deserve the protection of the state, and when discover’d must be detested by every true son and daughter of liberty, as being a most odious character.

AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 168. ESTC W3243. EVANS 14073. SABIN 28010. $2500.

70. Gordon, William: THE HISTORY OF THE RISE, PROGRESS, AND ESTABLISHMENT, OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: INCLUDING AN ACCOUNT OF THE LATE WAR; AND OF THE THIRTEEN COLONIES, FROM THEIR ORIGIN TO THAT PERIOD. London: Printed for the Author..., 1788. Four volumes. [26],504; [8],584; [8],499; [8],445,[35]pp., plus nine engraved folding maps. Contemporary tree calf, neatly rebacked in matching style, leather labels. Light tanning, occasional foxing. Very good.

A handsome set of the “first full-scale history of this war by an American; to its preparation Jefferson contributed some aid” (Howes). “Gordon is deservedly reck- oned as the most impartial and reliable of the numerous historians of the American Revolution” – Sabin. He was a dissenting minister in England who, like many of his class, sympathized with the contention of the Thirteen Colonies. Going to America during the disturbances and becoming pastor of the church at Jamaica Plain, now a district of Boston, he was throughout the Revolution a spectator close at hand of many important events, and the associate of many of the chief patriots. Later scholarship has shown that a good part of Gordon’s history was taken from the Annual Register. This work is noted for its folding maps, engraved by T. Conder, which include a general map of the United States as well as maps of New England, New Jersey, Virginia, the Carolinas, and the areas surrounding Boston and New York City, plus battle plans of Fort Moultrie and Yorktown. HOWES G256, “aa.” SABIN 28011. LARNED 1341. GEPHART 996. NEBENZAHL, BATTLE PLANS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 23, 63, 86, 105, 201. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 86. $10,000. A Unique Broadside from the Caribbean During the Revolution

71. [Grenada]: RELATION DE LA PRISE DE LA GRENADE [caption title]. [Sainte-George], Grenada: Alexander Middleton, [1779]. Broadsheet, 12 x 8 inches. Folio. Old folds. Minor wear and soiling. Near fine.

Recounts the capture of the island of Grenada by the French navy, led by Comte d’Estaing, during the American Revolution. Several versions of this title exist, in varying lengths and formats. Originally a French colony, Grenada was ceded to Britain in 1763 at the end of the Seven Years’ War. Although captured by the French in 1779, Grenada was returned to the British with the Treaty of Versailles in 1783 at the end of the American Revolution. Printing on Grenada began as early as 1765 and continued through the French occupation of 1779-83. Due to the humid climate in the area, 18th-century imprints from the West Indies are extremely rare. No copies located in OCLC. A very rare and desirable item, carrying important news about the shifting balance of power in the West Indies in the wake of the American Revolution. SWAN, CARIBBEAN PRINTING, p.29. $12,500. The Earliest American Book on Seamanship and Practical Navigation

72. Haselden, Thomas: THE SEAMAN’S DAILY ASSISTANT, BEING A SHORT, EASY AND PLAIN METHOD OF KEEPING A JOUR- NAL AT SEA; IN WHICH ARE CONTAINED, RULES, SHEW- ING HOW THE ALLOWANCES FOR LEE-WAY, VARIATION, HEAVE OF THE SEA, SET OF CURRENTS, &c. ARE TO BE MADE.... London, Printed: Philadelphia, Re-printed: J. Crukshank, 1777. [8],160pp. Small quarto. Expertly bound to style in half tree calf and period marbled boards. Minor losses reinstated, else very good.

First American edition of this work, and the first book regarding practical navigation to be printed in the United States. It appeared fully twenty years before any similar work in America. ESTC locates a total of only seven copies (CSmH, CtY, DLC, MWA, RPJCB, MiU-C, NN). The present copy is notable for having several instances of early manuscript notations in the tables. Haselden was a prolific writer of guides for navigators and seamen, best known for his work concerning Mercator’s chart and its uses. When the present work first appeared in 1722, he styled himself “Teacher of Mathematics...in the Royal Navy,” and he was held in sufficiently high regard to be elected to the Royal Society in 1740, but he died before he could be installed as a Fellow. The present work was not issued in his lifetime, but was first printed by mapmakers Mount & Page in 1757. They kept it regularly in print (six more editions were issued between 1761 and 1775), and it had become a standard work by the time this Philadelphia edition was published, no doubt an attempt to provide a basic work for mariners whose supply of British editions was cut off by the American Revolution. This work’s rarity may possibly be accounted for by its having been published in Philadelphia in 1777, when the city was besieged by the British and subsequent destruction. Evans lists this work but could not find a copy to collate, and at the time Rosenbach offered a copy (in his famous catalogue The Sea in 1938 for $400; in the same catalogue a Hennepin was priced at $65), he could not locate another. Although copies are now known in the major institutions listed above, only this copy and the Horblitt copy (also handled by this firm) have appeared on the market in recent years. A landmark American first. RINK 3840. EVANS 15360. ESTC W2994. ROSENBACH 19:314. JCB, MARITIME HISTORY PRELIMINARY HANDLIST 146. DNB IX, p.106. $22,500.

Early Photographs of Aged Revolutionaries

73. Hillard, Elias B., Rev.: THE LAST MEN OF THE REVOLUTION. A PHOTOGRAPH OF EACH FROM LIFE, TOGETHER WITH VIEWS OF THEIR HOMES PRINTED IN COLORS. ACCOMPA- NIED BY BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF THE MEN. Hartford: Published by N.A. & R.A. Moore, 1864. [2],64pp. plus six original mounted photographs and six colored lithographs. 12mo. Original brown leather and pebbled brown cloth, gilt. Scattered foxing and soiling throughout. Very good.

This book is remarkable for its extraordinarily early mounted photographs of actual veterans of the American Revo- lution. Hillard produced it during the Civil War to inspire patriotic sentiments by providing verbal and visual portraits of the experienced old veterans. The colored lithographs show their homes. The persons photographed are Samuel Downing, Daniel Waldo, Lemuel Cook, Alexander Millener, William Hutchings, and Adam Link. An additional chapter on James Barham is unillustrated as he could not be found, although there was no record of his death. The photographs provide a remarkable reach back in time, showing persons born in the 1750s and 1760s. “The photographs were made uniformly under makeshift circumstances as would have been required if the photographs were made in situ while Hillard visited each for a personal interview” – Truthful Lens. A truly wonderful little book. This copy contains a facsimile of a letter written by Edward Everett, who served as both a congressman and governor of Massachusetts, commenting on the work. The original letter was written within days of Everett’s death on Jan. 15, 1865, and the facsimile is not found in all copies. BENNETT, p.56. HOWES H490. SABIN 31871. TRUTHFUL LENS 86. McGRATH, pp.114-15, 132-33. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 100. $7500.

The Rare Map of a Critical Revolutionary Battle

74. Hills, John, and William Faden: SKETCH OF THE SURPRISE AT GERMAN TOWN BY THE AMERICAN FORCES COMMAND- ED BY GENERAL WASHINGTON OCTOBER 4th 1777. London: William Faden, March 12, 1784. Copper-engraved map in full original wash color, with troop positions heightened in original color. Sheet size: 22½ x 28 inches. Very good.

Hills’ magnificent plan of the Battle of Germantown, the only printed map of one of Washington’s most daring attacks at a critical moment in the Revolutionary War. On Aug. 25, 1777, British forces under Sir William Howe landed at the head of the Chesapeake Bay. After sharp battles with Washington’s army at Brandywine and Paoli, both British victories, Howe seized Philadelphia on Sept. 26. While Washington’s forces retreated to the north, Howe made his main encampment of nine thousand British troops and Hessian mercenaries at Germantown, a hamlet five miles north of Philadelphia. He left a further three thousand under Cornwallis to garrison the city. Washington felt that his force of eleven thousand troops could overwhelm Howe if they were able to mount a stealth attack. As depicted on this map, Germantown was spread for about two miles down a main road below which the Wissahickon Creek descended from a steep gorge to flow into the Schuylkill River. Howe made his headquarters on a small rise to the south of the town, while his troops were spread out across the main road (today’s Germantown Avenue). On the morning of Oct. 4, Washington divided his force into four columns, marked by points B, C, D, and E on the map. He placed his more experienced Continental troops in the two center columns, commanded by generals Nathanael Greene and John Sullivan. Sullivan’s force advanced into the town through a thick fog, which delayed and confused the attacking force and bought precious time for the surprised defenders. A British force under Col. Musgrave responded by counterattacking and then making a strategic retreat. These developments allowed the Hessian commander, the Baron von Knyphausen, to advance his forces, while further British brigades under generals Grey, Agnew, and Stern moved in to shore up the defense of the town, forcing the Americans to retreat to the north. Each of these steps in the action is marked by a letter keyed to the extensive caption in the lower corner of the map. By mid-morning Washington’s element of surprise had been totally negated, and the British had succeeded in mounting an organized defense from the Americans, who seemed themselves to be surprised by this reversal of fortune. Lines under American general Adam Stephen, who was later said to have been inebriated at the time, advanced but faltered badly upon being engaged by British lines under Gen. Grant. He was also able to repel Greene’s American lines. A sharper and better choreographed attack would likely have resulted in a crushing defeat for the British and would have regained control of the capital. While the weather played a part, Washington had erred in placing his less effective militia columns on the right and left flanks. While the British were initially put on the defensive by Washington’s central columns, Gen. Stephen’s lamentable effort to follow through on the planned pincer movement essentially sealed the fate of the enterprise and effectively ended the active part of the campaign. The British were able to spend the coming months enjoying a secured Philadelphia, while Washington and his men were to endure a winter in purgatory at Valley Forge. The present map represents the only printed battle plan of this crucial engagement printed during the Revolutionary era. It is closely based on a manuscript map drafted by John Hills, one of four known manuscripts of the subject made shortly after the battle (the others being drafted by John André, John Montresor, and an anonymous sketcher). It seems that William Faden, then London’s most esteemed map printer, had a great deal of difficulty in obtaining any source map for the Germantown conflict. While he was able to print maps of other aspects of the Philadelphia campaign in short order, Faden did not come out with the present map until 1784, including it in his Atlas of Battles of the American Revolution. Hills was one of the most talented and prolific British surveyors working during the Revolutionary War and a direct eyewitness to many of the events he portrayed on his maps. Serving as an ensign in the 38th regiment and later as a lieutenant in the 23rd regiment, his abilities were greatly valued by his superiors even though his mercurial personality resulted in frequent violent altercations with fellow officers and civilians alike. While serving in the Philadelphia Campaign of 1777-78 and later actions in the New Jersey theatre, he drafted a magnificent series of manuscript battle plans and larger regional campaign maps. It would appear that he was apprised of the most advanced British surveys, having had access to the original maps contained in the archives of the Proprietors of East Jersey, and possibly West Jersey. He also seems to have been in contact with various local surveyors in both New Jersey and Pennsylvania. His greatest work was the manuscript atlas of New Jersey he made for Sir Henry Clinton, now preserved in the Library of Congress. After the war Hills settled in Philadelphia, where he produced fine maps of various locations in the Philadelphia-New York corridor. A Revolutionary War map of great rarity and importance. NEBENZAHL, BATTLE PLANS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 129. STREETER SALE 806. PHILLIPS MAPS, p.129. STEVENS & TREE, COMPARATIVE CARTOGRAPHY 17a. SNYDER, CITY OF INDEPENDENCE, fig. 52. GUTHORN 57/7. $20,000.

Allegorical Cartoon on the American Revolution

75. [Hoen, Pieter ‘t]: KRITIEKE VERTOONING VAN DE TOONEEL- SPELERS VAN DOCTOR SCHASZ [caption title]. [Holland. ca. 1778]. Broadside, engraved folio leaf affixed to folio text leaf, approximately 17½ x 17 inches total. Plate size: 8 x 12 inches. In Dutch. Light toning and edge wear, small dampstain in right margin, not affecting image. Else a near fine copy. Untrimmed. See catalogue cover for illustration.

A rare, illustrated Dutch allegory on the political situation between Britain, the European powers, and America, presumably during the American Revolution. “Dr. Schasz” was the playwrighting pseudonym of Dutch journalist, patriot, and political writer Pieter ‘t Hoen (1745-1828). If this “Critical Show of the Stage-Actors of Dr. Schasz” refers to a particular play, it may be to part of the trilogy Hoen wrote on the subject of the American Revolution in the 1778: Het Engelsche en Americaansche Kaartspel, de Geplaagde Hollander..., and De Misrekening. In the large and detailed engraving a cast of ten characters, each numbered for the explanatory key in the text below, occupies a colonial landscape, marked in the background with cannons being fired from a coastal fortress. The characters include a Mr. Brodding, looking “with downcast eyes upon the sealed papers”; William Griff, who “wails about the empty subsidy pockets and the broken teapots”; “Goodheart” (“dressed as a sailor in underwear”); “Oecnomicus”; Mercator; “Patriot”; Don Lopes and Don Aylva; Jean Prener; Dr. Schasz himself; and “the Wildman (on the other side),” who “always continues to gather his wares and to ship them while he shoot from his fortresses and his batteries, to show that he is at home.” Jean Prener, with the aid of a felt board and animal pictures, is showing Dr. Shasz “the known fable of the Lion, the Bear, the Monkey, and the Fox,” which is explained at length in a footnote. The fable suggests that the cleverness of Holland in its diplomacy with England during the first part of the American Revolution has spared it from British aggression. This would suggest the allegory was printed before 1780, when Britain declared war on the Dutch to prevent it from joining the League of Armed Neutrality. The broadside is apparently not listed in M.D. George’s exhaustive Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires. Very rare. $2750.

The Rare Second Edition

76. Horry, Peter: Weems, Mason Locke: THE LIFE OF GEN. FRAN- CIS MARION, A CELEBRATED PARTIZAN OFFICER, IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR, AGAINST THE BRITISH AND TO- RIES, IN SOUTH-CAROLINA AND GEORGIA. Baltimore: W.D. Bell & J.F. Cook, 1814. 270pp. 12mo. Contemporary speckled calf, leather label, spine gilt. Boards and corners lightly rubbed. Modern bookplate on rear pastedown. Contemporary ownership signature on titlepage. Scattered foxing, toning throughout. Very good.

The second edition, almost as hard to come by as the first edition of 1809, of one of the rarest of all southern military books and Revolutionary War accounts, compiled from information supplied by Gen. Peter Horry and written by the famed Parson Mason Weems. General Francis Marion, “The Swamp Fox,” was one of the leading American commanders of the Revolution in the South. His brilliant operations in the Carolinas kept thousands of British troops tied down and contributed immensely to an ultimate American victory. Plain and unassuming, he was widely beloved by his contemporaries, and after his death this book instigated his ascent to legendary status. Horry, Marion’s second in command for part of the war, supplied many of the facts for the book, although he was allegedly disgusted by Weems’ flowery passages and disclaimed any connection with the book. What he disliked, others embraced, and the book went through many editions. All of the early editions are rare. DAB XII, pp.283-84. HOWES H650. SHAW & SHOEMAKER 33636, 33637. $12,500.

The Famous Hutchinson Letters Leaked by Franklin

77. [Hutchinson, Thomas]: THE LETTERS OF GOVERNOR HUTCHINSON, AND LIEUT. GOVERNOR OLIVER, &c. PRINTED AT BOSTON. AND REMARKS THEREON. WITH THE ASSEMBLY’S ADDRESS, AND THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LORDS COMMITTEE OF COUNCIL. TOGETHER WITH THE SUBSTANCE OF MR. WEDDERBURN’S SPEECH RE- LATING TO THOSE LETTERS. AND THE REPORT OF THE LORDS COMMITTEE TO HIS MAJESTY IN COUNCIL. London. 1774. [4],142pp. Half title. Late 19th-century wrappers, typed paper label. Spine worn, additional minor wear to extremities, slight dust soiling. Very good. Untrimmed. With four pages of Benjamin Franklin’s Political, Miscel- laneous, and Philosophical Pieces... (London, 1799) in neat contemporary manuscript facsimile laid in. The inserted text concerns a partial defense of Franklin in the face of Wedderburn’s harsh assaults on his character.

Second edition. This edition was edited by Israel Mauduit and printed to defend his friend, Gov. Hutchinson. These letters by Hutchinson were leaked by a party unknown, but probably Benjamin Franklin, who was then still in London as agent for Pennsylvania and assistant postmaster for the American colonies. The mistrust of colonial intentions revealed in the letters created a firestorm of criticism in Boston and led to Hutchinson’s literally fleeing the colony. “Publication of these letters – copies of which Franklin had secured in London – fanned revolutionary sentiment in America more than any other book of the period” – Howes. This volume also prints the proceedings of Franklin’s grilling before the Privy Council. After Franklin’s appearance and the famed assault on his character by Wedderburn, he was stripped of his post office sinecure, and his position in London was made difficult. The whole incident was a major escalation of the Revolutionary tensions in the American colonies, and the cause of Franklin’s final disillusionment with the British ministry. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 73-5e. SABIN 34072. HOWES H851. $1750.

New York Protests the Boston Port Act

78. [Intolerable Acts]: NEW-YORK. THE FOLLOWING DIALOGUE BEING CONCEIVED, IN SOME MEASURE, CALCULATED TO ADVANCE THE CAUSE OF FREEDOM, IN THE PRESENT CRITICAL SITUATION OF AFFAIRS, IS FOR THAT PURPOSE PRESENTED TO THE PUBLIC [caption title]. [New York: Printed by John Holt, May 20, 1774]. Broadsheet, approximately 12½ x 8 inches. Printed in two columns. Lightly silked. Inscribed in later ink in lower margin of p.[2]: “Printed by John Holt.” Very good. In a half brown morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

A protest of the Boston Port Act, passed by Parliament on March 31, 1774. The act, designed to punish Boston for the Tea Party, ordered the port of Boston closed until the inhabitants reimbursed the East India Company and King’s treasury for the tea destroyed and customs duty lost on Dec. 16, 1773. “Because Boston alone was punished, Lord North believed the colonies would not ‘take fire.’ It was a costly mistake: the cry was raised in America that the Port Act was merely a prelude to a ‘Massacre of American Liberty’; the colonies rallied to Boston’s aid; and the Con- tinental Congress was called to concert opposition to the mother country” – DAH. The present copy is apparently a variant of the broadsheet recorded by Evans, in which “Affairs” is spelled “Affaires.” Evans ascribes printing to the press of John Holt. ESTC locates only three copies, at the Massachusetts Historical Society, John Carter Brown Library, and New-York Historical Society. Rare. EVANS 13489. ESTC W24574. DAH I, p.224. $17,500.

The Intolerable Acts: The Final Spark on the Path to Revolution

79. [Intolerable Acts]: [SET OF THE FIVE PARLIAMENTARY BILLS KNOWN AS THE “INTOLERABLE ACTS”: THE BOSTON PORT ACT, THE MASSACHUSETTS GOVERNMENT ACT, THE AD- MINISTRATION OF JUSTICE ACT, THE QUARTERING ACT, AND THE QUEBEC ACT]. London. March 31 – June 22, 1774. Five works bound in one volume, as detailed below. Folio. Antique-style three- quarter calf and contemporary marbled boards. Internally clean. Near fine.

The Boston Tea Party of Dec. 16, 1773 unified both the protesting colonists in America and the forces of reaction in Great Britain in their respective positions. News of it arrived in London in January 1774. From the point of view of the English government of Lord North, which commanded a firm majority in Parliament, the Tea Party represented an outrageous act of defiance which must be quashed. As soon as news arrived in London, legislation was prepared to punish the defiant colonists and bring the colonies, especially Massachusetts, firmly to heel. Their goal was to punish Massachusetts for the Tea Party and extend direct Royal control at the expense of popular liberty. Between March 31 and June 22, 1774 five acts were passed which became known collectively as the Coercive or Intolerable Acts. As news of each reached America, with troops to enforce them, a new spirit of defiance was kindled.

1) The first law passed, on March 31, was the Boston Port Act: Anno Regni Georgii III. Decimo Quarto. Cap. XIX. An Act to Discontinue, in Such Manner, and for Such Time as Are Therein Mentioned, the Landing and Discharging, Lading or Shipping, of Goods, Wares, and Merchandise at the Town, and Within the Harbour, of Boston, in the Province of Massachuset’s Bay, in North America. London: Charles Eyre & William Strahan, 1774. Caption title, pp.515-522 (pp.517 and 520 misnumbered 417 and 420). The Port Act closed the port of Boston to all shipping, strangling its commerce. This was particularly aimed at the merchants, such as John Hancock, who were seen as the ringleaders of the dissent. For a city such as Boston, which lived on maritime trade, it was a crippling blow. The Port was to remain closed until the East India Company was reimbursed for the tea that had been destroyed in the Tea Party. 2) The Administration of Justice Act: Anno Regni Georgii III. Decimo Quarto. Cap. XXXIX. An Act for the Impartial Administration of Justice in the Cases of Persons Questioned for Any Acts Done by Them in the Execution of the Law, for the Suppres- sion of Riots and Tumults, in the Province of Massachuset’s Bay, in New England. London: Charles Eyre & William Strahan, 1774. Caption title, pp.991-998. The Administration of Justice Act was passed on May 20, 1774. Its provisions were, if anything, more frightening than the Port Act. The Act allowed those charged with crimes in Massachusetts to be sent to England for trial, away from sympathetic local juries and into a legal mechanism easily manipulated by the British Administration. Implicitly it threatened leaders of the colonists with facing treason charges under hostile circumstances. 3) The Massachusetts Government Act: Anno Regni Georgii III. Decimo Quarto. Cap. XLV. An Act for the Better Regulating the Government of the Province of Massachuset’s Bay, in New England. London: Charles Eyre & William Strahan, 1774. Caption title, pp.1047-1062. Also passed on May 20, the Massachusetts Government Act altered the Charter of the colony, providing that the King, not the Governor, appoint Council members, and stipulating that town meetings could only occur annually and to discuss local matters. The goal of the Act was to take away any local control of the government of the colony and allow any large meetings to be broken up as riotous assemblies. 4) The Quartering Act: Anno Regni Georgii III. Decimo Quarto. Cap. LIV. An Act for the Better Providing Suitable Quarters for Officers and Soldiers in His Majesty’s Ser- vice in North America. London: Charles Eyre & William Strahan, 1774. Caption title, pp.1251-1252. The Quartering Act, passed June 2, 1774, was the final legislation aimed specifically at Massachusetts. It allowed for the lodging and billeting of British soldiers with families and on private property. This shifted some of the cost of maintaining an army in the colony to the colonists, besides the difficulty of having soldiers in homes. Of all the acts, this directly affected the most people. 5) The Quebec Act: Anno Regni Georgii III. Decimo Quarto. Cap. LXXXIII. An Act for Making More Effectual Provision for the Government of the Province of Quebec in North America. London: Charles Eyre & William Strahan, 1774. Caption title, pp.1827-1835. The Quebec Act was somewhat different from the first four acts and was passed last, on June 22. Some of its provisions had little relationship to the more southern colonies, such as the tolerance of the Roman Catholic religion and the restoration of French civil law – these steps were designed to appease the mostly French citizenry and remove reasons for common cause. The provision which did strike at all of the colonies was the transference to Canada of governmental authority of all lands west of the Alleghenies and south to the Ohio River. This struck directly at the western land speculations of every colony south to Virginia, and perhaps aroused more widespread anger in the colonies than any of the acts aimed specifically at Massachusetts.

The Intolerable Acts brought strong and immediate reaction throughout the colonies. The most important was the calling of a Continental Congress, first proposed by Rhode Island on May 17, four days after Gen. Gage took over the government of Massachusetts as a Military Governor. The stage was set for the escalation of the crisis. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 17. $35,000. A Magnificent Jefferson Letter, Discussing the Peace Treaty of 1783, the State of America, and Notes on the State of Virginia

80. Jefferson, Thomas: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM THOMAS JEFFERSON TO FRANÇOIS-JEAN DE CHASTEL- LUX, COMMUNICATING THE OFFICIAL RATIFICATION OF THE TREATY OF PARIS, THE CURRENT STATE OF THE NEW NATION, AND THE FORTHCOMING PUBLICATION OF HIS NOTES ON THE STATE OF VIRGINIA]. Annapolis. Jan. 16, 1784. [2]pp. on a single folded sheet. Gilt edged bifolium. Almost imperceptible old fold lines. Blind stamp of the Chastellux Archives in upper right corner of first leaf. Fine. In a half morocco box.

An outstanding letter written by Thomas Jefferson to François-Jean de Chastellux, shortly after the ratification of the definitive Treaty of Paris by the United States Congress of the Confederation, noting its recent approval and the imminent dispatch of an official copy to Paris. The letter continues to discuss at length the condition of the newly independent United States, refuting the rumors of potential anarchy being circulated in Europe, but lamenting the lack of available hard currency in the country. “This letter is reminiscent of others written by [ Jefferson] at the opening of the Revolution in which he endeavored by private communications to influence opinion of America abroad” – Founders Online. Jefferson goes on to discuss the potential publication of his Notes on the State of Virginia and gives encouragement to Chastellux to publish more widely his own account of his experiences in America during the Revolution. Chastellux served as a major general in the French army under Rochambeau and travelled widely in America from 1780 to 1783. Howes calls the narrative of this time that Chastellux eventually published in its complete form in 1786 “The first trustworthy record of life in the United States.” After the war Chastellux remained in friendly communication with many vital figures of the Revolution and the early United States, including Jefferson and George Washington. Jefferson begins his missive with a mention of the final ratification of the Treaty of Paris, which had occurred two days early on Jan. 14, 1784:

Lt. Colo. Franks being appointed to carry to Paris one of the copies of our ratification of the Definitive treaty, and being to depart in the instant of his appointment furnishes me a hasty opportunity of obtruding myself on your recollection. Should this prove troublesome you must take the blame as having exposed yourself to my esteem by letting me become acquainted with your merit.

The principle purpose of the letter, however, is a brief appraisal of the state of the new country, disavowing reports of “anarchy” reaching Europe:

We are diverted with the European accounts of the anarchy and opposition to government in America. Nothing can be more untrue than these relations. There was indeed some dissatisfaction in the army at not being paid off before they were disbanded, and a very trifling mutiny of 200 souldiers in Philadelphia. On the latter occasion, Congress left that place disgusted with the pusillanimity of the government and not from any want of security to their own persons. The indignation which the other states felt at this insult to their delegates has enlisted them more warmly in support of Congress; and the people, the legislature and the Executive themselves of Pennsva. have made the most satisfactory atonements.

Any unrest that does or did exist, Jefferson tells Chastellux, is related to monetary issues resulting from the prosecution of the war:

The greatest difficulty we find is to get money from them. The reason is not founded in their unwillingness, but in their real inability. You were a witness to the total destruction of our commerce, devastation of our country, and absence of the precious metals. It cannot be expected that these should flow in but through the channels of commerce, or that these channels can be opened in the first instant of peace. Time is requisite to avail ourselves of the productions of the earth, and the first of these will be applied to renew our stock of those necessaries of which we had been totally exhausted.

The final section of the letter is devoted to the discussion of prospective publications, with Jefferson encouraging Chastellux to publish fully a narrative of his travels in America and announcing his intention to see his own writings on Virginia, circulated previously only in manuscript, into print:

I am in daily hopes of seeing something from your pen which may portray us to ourselves. Aware of the bias of self love and prejudice in myself and that your pictures will be faithful I am determined to annihilate my own opinions and give full credit to yours. I must caution you to distrust information from my answers to Monsr. de Marbois’ queries. I have lately had a little leisure to revise them. I found some things should be omitted, many corrected, and more supplied and enlarged. They are swelled nearly to treble bulk. Being now too much for M.S. copies, I think the ensuing spring to print a dozen or 20 copies to be given to my friends, not suffering another to go out. As I have presumed to place you in that number I shall take the liberty of sending you a copy....

The private printing of Notes... alluded to here by Jefferson was eventually published in Paris in 1785 in an edition of 200 copies and is one of the great high points in printed Americana. A remarkable Jefferson letter, written to a key French ally and respected writer in his own right, touching on important events and conditions in the early United States as well as on classic and influential accounts of America. PAPERS OF THOMAS JEFFERSON 6, pp.466-467. FOUNDERS ONLINE, “From Thomas Jefferson to Chastellux, 16 January 1784.” http://founders.archives.gov/documents/ Jefferson/01-06-02-0359 $150,000.

With the “Murder of Logan” Appendix

81. Jefferson, Thomas: NOTES ON THE STATE OF VIRGINIA. WITH AN APPENDIX. New York: Printed by M.L. & W.A. Davis – for Furman & Loudon, 1801. 392pp. plus frontispiece portrait and folding table. Folding map. With the folding plate of the Natural Bridge of Virginia supplied in facsimile. Contemporary calf, neatly rebacked with gilt spine laid down, gilt morocco label. Boards slightly rubbed. Lightly tanned and foxed. Very good. In a folding cloth box, leather label.

The self-styled “third American edition,” although the statement to that effect has been effaced from the titlepage. There were actually five American editions published before this one. Notes on the State of Virginia is the only book-length work by Jefferson to be published in his lifetime. It has been called “one of America’s first permanent literary and intellectual landmarks.” It was largely written in 1781 and first published in Paris, in French, in 1785. Written in the form of answers to questions about Virginia, the book supplies a description of the geography, with an abundance of supporting material and unusual information. The portrait of Jefferson was engraved by John Scoles, and is pictured and described in Cunningham’s The Image of Thomas Jefferson in the Public Eye.... This edition contains a copy of the 1794 Samuel Lewis map of the state of Virginia which is usually found in the second American edition of Notes. This edition is also the first to contain the appendix relating to the murder of the Indian chief, Logan, and his family during the American Revolution. Jefferson here corrects statements he made in earlier editions and adds numerous documents relating to the affair. HOWES J78. Noble E. Cunningham, Jr., THE IMAGE OF THOMAS JEFFERSON IN THE PUBLIC EYE, pp.16-17. SABIN 35906. SHAW & SHOEMAKER 722. CLARK I:262. SOWERBY, JEFFERSON’S LIBRARY 4167. ADAMS, THE EYE OF THOMAS JEFFERSON 57. REESE, FEDERAL HUNDRED 6 (ref ). $3000.

The Primary Atlas of the American Revolution

82. Jefferys, Thomas: THE AMERICAN ATLAS: OR, A GEOGRAPH- ICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE WHOLE CONTINENT OF AMERICA: WHEREIN ARE DELINEATED AT LARGE, ITS SEVERAL REGIONS, COUNTRIES, STATES, AND ISLANDS; AND CHIEFLY THE BRITISH COLONIES.... London: Printed and sold by R. Sayer and J. Bennett, 1776. Letterpress title and index leaf, otherwise engraved throughout. Twenty-three engraved maps on thirty-one sheets (eighteen folding, eleven double-page), all handcolored in outline. Folio. Contemporary marbled boards and antique-style three-quarter calf, retaining original backstrip and gilt morocco label. Boards stained. Bookplate on front pastedown. An occasional light fox mark. Outer corner restored on a few maps, well outside the plate mark. Very good.

The American Atlas... is the most important 18th-century atlas for America. Wal- ter Ristow describes it as a “geographical description of the whole continent of America, as portrayed in the best available maps in the latter half of the eighteenth century...as a major cartographic reference work it was, very likely, consulted by American, English, and French civilian administrators and military officers during the Revolution.” As a collection, The American Atlas stands as the most comprehensive, detailed, and accurate survey of the American colonies at the beginning of the Revolution. Among the distinguished maps are Braddock Meade’s “A Map of the Most Inhabited Parts of New England,” the largest and most detailed map of New England that had yet been published; a map of “The Provinces of New York and New Jersey” by Samuel Holland, the surveyor-general for the northern American colonies; Wil- liam Scull’s “A Map of Pennsylvania,” the first map of that colony to include its western frontier; Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson’s “A Map of the Most Inhabited part of Virginia,” the best colonial map for the Chesapeake region; and Lieut. Ross’ “Course of the Mississipi,” the first map of that river based on English sources. Jefferys was the leading British cartographer of the 18th century. From about 1750 he published a series of maps of the British American colonies, that were among the most significant produced in the period. As Geographer to the Prince of Wales, and after 1761 Geographer to the King, Jefferys was well placed to have access to the best surveys conducted in America, and many of his maps held the status of “official work.” Jefferys died on Nov. 20, 1771, and in 1775 his successors, Robert Sayer and John Bennett, gathered these separately issued maps together and republished them in book form as The American Atlas. The present second edition, issued in 1776, includes “A new Map of the Province of Quebec” in place of Jefferys’ “The Middle British Colonies,” and a second issue of Samuel Holland’s “The Provinces of New York and New Jersey...,” published on Dec. 20, 1775. It is otherwise identical to the first edition The maps are as follows, many of them on several sheets, and in the Index each individual sheet is numbered (the measurements refer to the image sizes):

1) Braddock Meade (alias John Green): “A Chart of North and South America, including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.” Published June 10, 1775. Six sheets joined into three, a total of 43½ x 49½ inches. This great wall map was chiefly issued to expose the errors in Delisle and Buache’s map of the Pacific Northwest, published in Paris in 1752. 2) “Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg. The Russian Discoveries.” Published March 2, 1775. One sheet, 18 x 24 inches. 3) Thomas Pownall after E. Bowen: “A New and Correct Map of North America, with the West India Islands.” Published July 15, 1779. Four sheets joined into two, 43 x 47 inches. Thomas Pownall updated Bowen’s North America map of 1755. Pownall’s version includes the results of the first Treaty of Paris drawn up after the end of the French and Indian War. 4) Thomas Jefferys: “North America from the French of Mr. D’Anville, Improved with the English Surveys Made since the Peace.” Published June 10, 1775. One sheet, 18 x 20 inches. 5) Samuel Dunn: “A Map of the British Empire in North America.” Published Aug. 17, 1776. Half sheet, 12 x 19 inches. This updates Dunn’s map of 1774. 6) Thomas Jefferys: “An Exact Chart of the River St. Laurence from Fort Frontenac to the Island of Anticosti....” Published May 25, 1775. Two sheets joined into one, 23½ x 37 inches. 7) Sayer and Bennett: “A Chart of the Gulf of St. Laurence....” Published March 25, 1775. One sheet, 19½ x 24 inches. 8) “A Map of the Island of St. John in the Gulf of St. Laurence....” Published April 6, 1775. One sheet, 15 x 27¼ inches. 9) James Cook and Michael Lane: “A General Chart of the Island of Newfoundland....” Published May 10, 1775. One sheet, 21½ x 22 inches. James Cook went on to gain renown for his Pacific exploration. 10) “A Chart of the Banks of Newfoundland....” Published March 25, 1775. One sheet, 19½ x 26 inches. Based on the surveys of James Cook (see above), Cha- bert, and Fleurieu. 11) Braddock Meade (alias John Green): “A New Map of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island with the Adjacent Parts of New England and Canada....” Published June 15, 1775. One sheet, 18½ x 24 inches. Originally published in 1755, at the beginning of the French and Indian War, this map “proved to be an important document in evaluating respective French and English claims to this part of North America” (Ristow). England gained sole possession of the region by the Treaty of Paris, 1763. 12) Braddock Meade (alias John Green): “A Map of the Most Inhabited Part of New England.” Published Nov. 29, 1774. Four sheets joined into two, 38¾ x 40 ¾ inches. The first large-scale map of New England. “The most detailed and informative pre-Revolutionary map of New England...not really supplanted until the nineteenth century” – New England Prospect 13. 13) Capt. [Samuel] Holland: “The Provinces of New York and New Jersey, with Part of Pensilvania....” Published Aug. 17, 1776. Two insets: “A plan of the City of New York” and “A chart of the Mouth of Hudson’s River.” Two sheets joined, 26½ x 52¾ inches. An important large-scale map of the Provinces of New York and New Jersey, by Samuel Holland, surveyor general for the northern British colonies. With fine insets including a street plan of colonial New York City. 14) William Brassier: “A Survey of Lake Champlain, including Lake George, Crown Point and St. John.” Published Aug. 5, 1776. One inset: “A Particular Plan of Lake George. Surveyed in 1756 by Capt. Jackson.” Two sheets joined into one, 26 x 18¾ inches. This is the second state of Brassier’s terribly important and magnificently detailed map of Lake Champlain. In our experience it is the first state that is included in the 1776 edition of Jefferys’ atlas. This second state illustrates the very first battle fought by the U.S. Navy – the Battle of Valcour Island, which transpired near present-day Plattsburgh, New York on October 13, 1775. 15) “A New Map of the Province of Quebec, according to the Royal Proclamation, of the 7th of October 1763, from the French Surveys Connected with those made after the War, by Captain Carver, and Other Officers....” Published Feb. 16, 1776. One sheet, 19¼ x 26¼ inches. 16) William Scull: “A Map of Pennsylvania Exhibiting not only the Improved Parts of the Province but also its Extensive Frontiers.” Published June 10, 1775. Two sheets joined, 27 x 51½ inches. The first map of the Province of Pennsylvania to include its western frontier. All earlier maps had focused solely on the settled eastern parts of the colony. 17) Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson: “A Map of the Most Inhabited Part of Virginia, containing the Whole Province of Maryland...1775.” [n.d.] Four sheets joined into two, 32 x 48 inches. “The basic cartographical document of Virginia in the eighteenth century...the first to depict accurately the interior regions of Virginia beyond the Tidewater. [It] dominated the cartographical representation of Vir- ginia until the nineteenth century” – Verner. 18) Henry Mouzon: “An Accurate Map of North and South Carolina with their Indian Frontiers.” Published May 30, 1775. Four sheets joined into two, 40 x 54 inches. First sheet (numbered 23), second sheet (numbered 24). “The chief type map for [the Carolinas] during the forty or fifty years following its publication. It was used by both British and American forces during the Revolutionary War” – Cumming 450. 19) Thomas Jefferys: “The Coast of West Florida and Louisiana...The Peninsula and Gulf of Florida.” Published Feb. 20, 1775. Two sheets joined into one, 19½ x 48 inches. A large-scale map of Florida, based upon the extensive surveys conducted since the region became an English possession by the Treaty of Paris, 1763. 20) Lieut. Ross: “Course of the Mississipi...Taken on an Expedition to the Illinois, in the latter end of the Year 1765.” Published June 1, 1775. Two sheet joined into one, 14 x 44 inches. The first large-scale map of the Mississippi River, and the first based in whole or part upon British surveys. 21) Thomas Jefferys: “The Bay of Honduras.” Published Feb. 20, 1775. One sheet, 18½ x 24½ inches. 22) J.B.B. D’Anville: “A Map of South America....” Published Sept. 20, 1775. Four sheets joined into two, 20 x 46 inches. 23) Cruz Cano [etc]: “A Chart of the Straits of Magellan.” Published July 1, 1775. One sheet, 20½ x 27 inches.

PHILLIPS ATLASES 1166, 1165 (refs). HOWES J81, “b.” SABIN 35953. STREETER SALE 72 (1775 ed). Walter Ristow (editor), Facsimile Atlas. Thomas Jefferys The American Atlas London 1776 (Amsterdam, 1974) (ref ). HILL 882. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 44. $155,000. 83. [ Jenings, Edmund]: A TRANSLATION OF THE MEMORIAL TO THE SOVEREIGNS OF EUROPE UPON THE PRESENT STATE OF AFFAIRS, BETWEEN THE OLD AND THE NEW WORLD, INTO COMMON SENSE AND INTELLIGIBLE ENGLISH. Lon- don: Printed for J. Stockdale, 1781. [2],45pp. Modern green half roan and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities lightly rubbed. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor soiling and foxing. Contemporary notations on titlepage. Very good.

A scarce work in which Jenings “translates” – or more accurately interprets – a work by Governor Thomas Pownall, the British colonial administrator, accomplished artist, and prolific writer. Pownall’s work was originally published in 1780, and was quickly translated into French, with the assistance and encouragement of John Adams. Jenings translates Pownall’s work back into “common sense and intelligible English” from the French, making the first English version of this text – though Pownall disavowed the work, saying Jenings mischaracterized his ideas. By 1780, Pownall, long considered sympathetic to the position of the American colonists, was finishing a long career in Parliament. His original work (and this interpretation by Jenings) discusses the importance to Europe of the American Revolution and the ideas it espoused. It also considers the political, economic, and trade consequences for the nations of Europe of an independent America. A visionary work, scarce on the market. HOWES J89, “aa.” SABIN 35987. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 81-56c. ESTC T90880. $1250.

Early Argument for the Stamp Act

84. [ Jenyns, Soame]: THE OBJECTIONS TO THE TAXATION OF OUR AMERICAN COLONIES, BY THE LEGISLATURE OF GREAT BRITAIN, BRIEFLY CONSIDER’D. London: Printed for J. Wilkie, 1765. 20pp. Dbd. Very good. In a half morocco box.

A defense of the Stamp Act, arguing in favor of the right to tax the colonists and rejecting various claims against British taxation. The pamphlet produced several strong responses by colonial sympathizers, including James Otis’ Considerations on Behalf of the Colonists, also printed in 1765. SABIN 35835, 36053. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 65-13a. AMERICAN INDE- PENDENCE 16Aa. HOWES J103. $3750.

One of the Most Famous Pamphlets of the Revolution

85. [ Johnson, Samuel]: TAXATION NO TYRANNY; AN ANSWER TO THE RESOLUTIONS AND ADDRESS OF THE AMERI- CAN CONGRESS. London. 1775. [4],91pp. Half title. Modern calf, gilt. Leather bookplate on front pastedown. Internally clean. Near fine. In a blue half morocco solander case.

Second edition, published the same year as the first, of this famous political pamphlet by lexicographer Samuel Johnson. This edition includes a number of textual changes from the first. Written in response to the opening rumblings of the American Revolution, Johnson’s acerbic pamphlet was published at the height of his popularity and fame. He writes of the Americans:

That it is their duty to pay the cost of their own safety they seem to admit; nor do they refuse their contribution to the exigencies, whatever they may be, of the British empire; but they make this participation of the public burden a duty of very uncertain extent, and imperfect obligation, a duty temporary, occasional and elective, of which they reserve to themselves the right of settling the degree, the time, and the duration, of judging when it may be required, and when it has been performed.

This pamphlet elicited many responses, and doubtless further spurred the cause of the Revolution. ESTC T141339. SABIN 36303. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-69b. COURTNEY & SMITH, p.125. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 26 (ref ). $4500.

Famous Assault on the English Government

86. “Junius” [pseudonym]: JUNIUS. STAT NOMINIS UMBRA. London: Printed for Henry Sampson Woodfall..., 1772. Two volumes. [2],xxxii,208; [2],356pp. Contemporary calf, gilt ruled, neatly rebacked with original spines laid down. Contemporary ownership inscription on titlepages. Light tanning, occasional foxing. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth box.

The original collected edition of the letters, which were first published in the London Public Advertiser from Jan. 21, 1769 to Jan. 21, 1772 under the pseudonym of “Junius” (possibly Sir Philip Francis). “...’Junius’ poured brilliantly slanderous invective upon Tory-minded English ministers, especially the Duke of Grafton, for a series of ‘inconsistent measures’ which allegedly ruined England and drove the colonies ‘into excesses little short of rebellion.’ Vehement, lucid, frequently reprinted in English and colonial newspapers, the letters were polemical masterpieces with such extraordinary knowledge and appreciation of contemporary colonial opinion that they lent moral support to the early revolutionary cause. ‘Junius’ opposed the Tea Duty, but upheld the legality of the Stamp Act, and prophesied (Dec. 19, 1769) that the colonies aimed at independence” – DAH. Sabin calls this the best and the original collected edition. SABIN 36906. ESTC T1830. DAH III, p.190. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUN- DRED 14. $3000. 87. [Keith, William]: TWO PAPERS, ON THE SUBJECT OF TAX- ING THE BRITISH COLONIES IN AMERICA. THE FIRST EN- TITLED, “SOME REMARKS ON THE MOST RATIONAL AND EFFECTUAL MEANS THAT CAN BE USED IN THE PRESENT CONJECTURE FOR THE FUTURE SECURITY AND PRES- ERVATION OF THE TRADE OF GREAT-BRITAIN, BY PRO- TECTING AND ADVANCING HER SETTLEMENTS ON THE NORTH CONTINENT OF AMERICA.” THE OTHER, “A PRO- POSAL FOR ESTABLISHING BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT THE DUTIES UPON STAMPT PAPER AND PARCHMENT IN ALL THE BRITISH AMERICAN COLONIES.” London: J. Almon, 1767. 22,[1]pp. Modern three-quarter brown calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Internally bright and near fine.

An intriguing reprint of two papers drawn up and published by a 1739 association of colonial merchants headed by Sir William Keith, colonial governor of Pennsylvania. Almon’s purpose in reprinting the papers seems to have been to demonstrate that respected colonial authorities in the past advocated such tariffs as were creating difficulties. He implores the reader to consider the merits of the colonial position in light of Keith’s argument and the recent repeal of the Stamp Act. Though Almon was a close friend of Edmund Burke and the opposition, his approach here is more measured. The last leaf of text advertises additional pamphlets printed by Almon on the subject of American taxation. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 67-15. KRESS 6501. SABIN 97575. DNB (online). $1250.

Naval Battles of the Revolution

88. Kerguelen-Trémarec, Yves-Joseph de: RELATION DES COMBATS ET DES ÉVÉNEMENTS DE LA GUERRE MARITIME DE 1778 ENTRE LA FRANCE ET L’ANGLETERRE, MÊLÉE DE RÉ- FLEXIONS SUR LES MANOEUVRES DES GÉNÉRAUX.... [Paris]: Imprimerie de Patris, 1796. [2],403pp. Half title. 19th-century calf-backed boards, spine gilt. Corners lightly worn, boards and spine sunned. Bookplate on front pastedown. Internally clean. Very good.

Military history of maritime engagements during the American Revolution. Ker- guelen-Trémarec was a French explorer and naval officer. His expeditions included a voyage to the South Seas, where he discovered the Kerguelen and Desolation islands in the Antarctic in 1772. This work has summaries of all of the major naval encounters of the French and English in the Revolution, most notably the Battle of the Capes on Sept. 5, 1781, in which De Grasse prevented the English fleet from relieving Cornwallis at Yorktown, and de Grasse’s defeat by the English in the Caribbean in the spring of 1782. HOWES K103, “aa.” GEPHART 7191. SABIN 37615. $3500. 89. [Kippis, Andrew]: CONSIDERATIONS ON THE PROVISIONAL TREATY WITH AMERICA, AND THE PRELIMINARY AR- TICLES OF PEACE WITH FRANCE AND SPAIN. London. 1783. [4],164pp. Half title. 19th-century three-quarter morocco and marbled boards. Extremities rubbed. Half title a trifle soiled. Else about fine.

Kippis argues that the best should be made of a bad situation now that American independence is unavoidable. He also discusses the preliminary treaty article by article. Appendices focus on the cost of maintaining forces in Canada and the value of Canadian commerce. An important tract for the history of the treaty and Canada. HOWES K178. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 83-57a. SABIN 37953. SERVIES 589. COHEN 7720. $900.

90. [Knox, William]: THE PRESENT STATE OF THE NATION: PAR- TICULARLY WITH RESPECT TO ITS TRADE, FINANCES, &c. &c. ADDRESSED TO THE KING AND BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT. London. 1768. 100pp. Lacks the half title. 20th-century red morocco, gilt, by Sangorski and Sutcliffe. A few spots of wear to edges of boards. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Internally clean. Very good.

Second edition, after the first of the same year. William Knox was under-secretary of state for the American colonies from 1770 to 1782, had previously lived in Georgia, and was the agent for Georgia and East Florida for a brief time. In this work he gives a defense of George Grenville’s ministry and discusses the role of the American colonies in the financial structure of Great Britain, defending taxation of the colonies. Although this copy lacks the half title, which contains the edition statement, the issue points are correct for the second edition, as noted by ESTC. ESTC T44232. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 68-14b. HOWES K227. $1000.

The Argument from the British Side

91. [Knox, William]: THE CONTROVERSY BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND HER COLONIES REVIEWED; THE SEVERAL PLEAS OF THE COLONIES, IN SUPPORT OF THEIR RIGHT TO ALL THE LIBERTIES AND PRIVILEGES OF BRITISH SUB- JECTS, AND TO EXEMPTION FROM THE LEGISLATIVE AU- THORITY OF PARLIAMENT.... London. 1769. [2],207,lv pp. Lacks the half title. Modern half calf and marbled boards, leather label. Library ink stamps on titlepage, gift inscription at top of first text page. Very good.

A pro-British treatise on the misbehaviors of the American colonies. “Ascribed also to Thomas Whately, M.P. and former secretary to Lord Grenville, but probably by Knox, who was Under Secretary of State for America at this time” – Howes. HOWES K226, “aa”. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 69-17a. AMERICAN INDE- PENDENCE 65a. SABIN 38180. ESTC T4080. $850. A False Boston Imprint During the Revolution: Lafayette’s Farewell to His Wife

92. [Lafayette, Marquis de]: LE TRIOMPHE DU BEAU SEXE, OU ÉPITRE DE M. LE MQUIS DE LA FAYETTE A SON ÉPOUSE. DU CAMP DU GENERAL WAGINSTON [sic], EN QUARTIER D’HIVER A LANCASTER, LE 22 JANVIER 1778. Boston [i.e. Paris]: De l’Imprimerie du Congres, 1778. 37,[9]pp. 19th-century half calf and green paper boards, corners tipped in vellum, spine richly gilt. Very clean internally. Near fine.

A rare and interesting poem, carrying a false Boston imprint, and supposedly penned by the Marquis de Lafayette while wintering with George Washington and the Conti- nental Army in January 1778. The poem, a sort of farewell from Lafayette to his wife, contains allegorical references to the struggle of the colonies for liberty, while the notes mention this struggle specifically. Although the imprint is “Boston,” the piece was almost certainly printed in Paris, and the types and ornaments used seem distinctively French. Other evidence leading us to believe that it was not printed in America: George Wash- ington’s name is badly misspelled on the titlepage; he was quartered at Valley Forge, not at Lancaster, in January 1778; and the title says it was printed in Boston, “by the press of the Continental Congress,” though the Congress was actually sitting at York, Pennsylvania (not far from Lancaster) at the time. “In a pamphlet published in Paris, 1790, by Jean-Baptiste Poupart de Beaubourg, entitled ‘Mes onze ducats d’Amsterdam,’ etc., etc., the author states that he is also the author of Lafayette’s touching adieux to his wife...” (letter from Louis Gottschalk to Lawrence C. Wroth, in the John Carter Brown Library’s bibliographical file, as quoted on OCLC) The catalogue of the Roderick Terry sale in 1934 calls this “an excessively rare pamphlet.” We are able to locate only six copies, at the New-York Historical Society, Yale, Cornell, Lafayette College, the John Carter Brown Library (which has the Terry copy, as well as an issue with forty-three pages), and the Library of Congress (located there by Echeverria & Wilkie). Rare and quite interesting. JACKSON, LAFAYETTE BIBLIOGRAPHY, p.201. SABIN 96990. ECHEVERRIA & WILKIE, 778/65. TERRY SALE (PART 2) 176. OCLC 34161985, 36140004. $10,000. 93. Lamb, Roger: AN ORIGINAL AND AUTHENTIC JOURNAL OF OCCURRENCES DURING THE LATE AMERICAN WAR, FROM ITS COMMENCEMENT TO THE YEAR 1783. Dublin. 1809. iv,xxiv,[5]-438pp. plus table at p.158. 20th-century three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Minor creasing to spine leather, joints lightly chipped. Modern bookplate on rear pastedown, light foxing, text likely washed. Very good.

One of the best personal narratives by a soldier in the American Revolution, used by Robert Graves as the basis for his two historical novels. Lamb was a sergeant in the Royal Welsh Fusiliers who went to Canada in 1776 and was captured the following year in Burgoyne’s defeat at Saratoga. He escaped and made his way to New York, re-entered the army, and served in southern campaigns until the fall of Yorktown. He again became a prisoner of war, escaped, and after many adventures reached New York, where he remained until the British evacuation in 1783. Besides his own narrative, he gives a good account of the history of the war. HOWES L36, “aa.” CLARK I:268. SABIN 38724. SERVIES 820 (another ed). REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 94. $1750.

Important Atlas of the Revolution

94. Le Rouge, Georges Louis: ATLAS AMERIQUAIN SEPTENTRION- AL CONTENANT LES DETAILS DES DIFFERENTES PROV- INCES, DE CE VASTE CONTINENT. TRADUIT DES CARTES LEVÉES PAR ORDRE DU GOUVERNEMENT BRITANNIQUE. PAR LE MAJOR HOLLAND, EVANS, SCULL, MOUZON, ROSS, COOK, LANE, GILBERT, GARDNER, HILLOCK, &c. &c. Paris: Chez Le Rouge, 1778. Engraved frontispiece depicting William Penn meeting with the Indians after Benjamin West; engraved title incorporating table of contents; seventeen engraved maps (nine double-page, eight folding; fourteen with period hand-coloring in outline). The maps numbered in contemporary manuscript. Folio. Expertly bound to style in 18th-century russia over contemporary marbled paper covered boards, flat spine in seven compartments divided by gilt rules, brown morocco lettering piece in the second compart- ment. Provenance: unidentified European ink stamp on title with Royal arms; Leander van Ess (1772-1847, bookplate on verso of title).

The atlas was issued soon after France’s entry into the war of the American Revo- lution and it served French commanders in the land campaigns. Le Rouge used the best large-scale general survey maps that were available including the famous John Mitchell map of North America in eight sheets. Other cornerstone Ameri- can multi-sheet maps here are: the Braddock Mead map of New England, the Montresor New York, Scull’s Pennsylvania, the Fry and Jefferson map of Virginia and Maryland, Mouzon’s of the Carolinas, De Brahm’s Georgia (with large scale insets of Sauthier’s map of the Hudson River and Lake Champlain), and Jefferys’ Louisiana and East and West Florida. Remarkably complete in its geographical coverage of the Thirteen Colonies, the Atlas Ameriquain drew upon the available British sources, as published by Jefferys, Faden, Sayer and Bennett, to which Le Rouge added his own work. It became the basic source for French strategic plan- ning and pursuit of the war. The maps comprise:

1) “L’Amerique Suivant le R.P. Charlevoix jte. Mr. De La Condamine et plusiers autres nouvle. observations.” 1777. Double-page. 19½ x 25½ inches. Handcolored in outline. With a Le Rouge overslip covering the imprint in the cartouche. 2) “Theatre de la Guerre en Amerique.” 1777. Double-page. 24½ x 20 inches. Hand- colored in outline. McCORKLE 777.14. SELLERS & VAN EE 154. 3) John Mitchell: “Amerique Septentrionale avec les Routes, Distances en miles, Villages et Etablissements François et Anglois par le Docteur Mitchel...Corrigee en 1776 par M. Hawkins.” 1777. 8 sheets joined as 4. Approximately 59 x 79 inches. Hand- colored in outline. McCORKLE 777.15. RISTOW, p.112. TOOLEY. p,124. MORELAND & BANNISTER, pp.171-72. 4) Jonathan Carver: “Nouvelle Carte de la Province de Quebec...par le Capitaine Carver et autres.” 1777. Double-page. 20 x 26¾ inches. Handcolored in outline. 5) Thomas Jefferys: “Nouvelle Ecosse ou Partie Orientale du Canada. Traduitte de l’Anglois de la Carte de Jefferys publiée a Londres en May 1755.” [1777]. Double- page. 20 x 24¼ inches. 6) Braddock Mead: “A Map of the most Inhabited part of New England containing the Provinces of Massachusets Bay and New Hampshire with the Colonies of Connecticut and Rhode Island...La Nouvelle Angleterre en 4 Feuilles.” 1777. 4 sheets joined as 2. Approximately 38½ x 40¼ inches. Handcolored in outline. McCORKLE 755.19. SELLERS & VAN EE 802. Crone, “John Green. Notes on a neglected Eighteenth Century Geographer and Cartographer” in IMAGO MUNDI VI (1950), pp.89-91. Crone, “Further Notes on Braddock Mead, alias John Green” in IMAGO MUNDI VIII (1951), p.69. CUMMING, BRITISH MAPS OF COLONIAL AMERICA, pp.45-47. 7) Capt. John Montresor: “Province de New York en 4 feuilles par Montresor.” 1777. 4 sheets joined as 2. Approximately 56 x 36½ inches. Handcolored in outline. McCORKLE 777.16. SELLERS & VAN EE 1068. 8) Claude Joseph Sauthier and Bernard Ratzer: “Carte des Troubles de l’Amerique levee par ordre de Chevalier Tryon Capitaine Generale et Gouverneur de la Province de New-York ensemble le Province de New-Jersey par Sauthier et Ratzer.” 1778. Double- page. 28¼ x 21 inches. Handcolored in outline. McCORKLE 778.18. 9) William Scull: “A Map of Pennsylvania exhibiting not only the improved parts of that Province but also its extensive Frontiers...La Pensilvanie en 3 Feuilles.” [1778]. 3 sheets joined. 27¼ x 52½ inches. Handcolored in outline. SELLERS & VAN EE 1297. PHILLIPS, p.675. 10) Joshua Fisher: “Baye de la Delaware avec les Ports, Sondes, Dangers, Bancs &c. depuis les Cape jusqu’a Philadelphie.” 1777. Double-page. 19¾ x 25½ inches. SELLERS & VAN EE 1357. PHILLIPS, p.262. 11) Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson: “Virginie, Maryland en 2 feuilles par Fry et Jeffer- son.” 1777. 2 sheets joined. 27 x 39½ inches. Handcolored in outline. CUMMING, SOUTHEAST IN EARLY MAPS 281. DEGREES OF LATITUDE 30. PHILLIPS, p.982. 12) Henry Mouzon: “An Accurate Map of North and South Carolina with their In- dian Frontiers...Caroline Septentrionale et Meridionale en 4 feuilles.” 1777. 4 sheets joined as 2. Approximately 40 x 54 inches. Handcolored in outline. SELLERS & VAN EE 1395. PHILLIPS, p.615. CUMMING 450. 13) William Gerard De Brahm: “Caroline Meridionale et Partie de la Georgie.” 1777. 4 sheets joined as 2. Approximately 52 x 41 inches. Handcolored in outline. With a large inset of the course of the Hudson River after Sauthier. CUMMING 310 (ref ). DEGREES OF LATITUDE 57 (ref ). PHILLIPS, p.820. 14) Nathaniel Pocock: “Nouvelle Carte des Cotes des Caroline Septentrionales et Meridi- onales du Cap Fear a Sud Edisto Levees et Sondees par N. Pocock en 1770.” 1777. Double-page. 16½ x 22 inches. SELLERS & VAN EE 1398. 15) Thomas Jefferys: “Carte de la Floride Occidentale et Louisian...La Peninsule et Golfe de la Floride ou Canal de Bahama avec les Iles de Bahama.” 1777. 2 sheets joined. 19½ x 47½ inches. Handcolored in outline. 16) Le Rouge: “La Martinique une des Antilles Françoises de l’Amerique.” 1753 [but 1777]. Double-page. 20¼ x 25½ inches. Handcolored in outline. 17) Le Rouge: “La Guadeloupe.” 1753 [but 1777]. Double-page. 19 x 21½ inches. Handcolored in outline.

PHILLIPS ATLASES 1212. HOWES J81. SABIN 35954. SCHWARTZ & EHREN- BERG, p.202. $95,000.

95. [Lee, Arthur]: AN APPEAL TO THE JUSTICE AND INTERESTS OF THE PEOPLE OF GREAT BRITAIN, IN THE PRESENT DISPUTES WITH AMERICA. By an Old Member of Parliament. London: Printed for J. Almon, 1774. [2],63,[4]pp. Lacks the half title. 19th- century marbled wrappers. Front wrapper nearly detached. Small hole from ink burn in final (advertising) leaf, not affecting any text, otherwise very neat and fresh internally. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

First edition of this important tract from the pro-American Englishman, Arthur Lee, which, at various times, has also been attributed to William Pitt the Elder, Richard Glover, and Benjamin Franklin. The manuscript itself was reportedly sent by Franklin to Almon for publication. Lee advocates the rights of the colonists as common with those of other British subjects against the late impositions, and predicts dire consequences if those rights continue to be ignored. Lee followed up with a sequel the next year. HOWES L183. SABIN 39697. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-44a. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 123a. $2500.

A British Army Officer Argues That America Can Win a Revolution 96. [Lee, Charles]: STRICTURES ON A PAMPHLET, ENTITLED, A “FRIENDLY ADDRESS TO ALL REASONABLE AMERICANS, ON THE SUBJECT OF OUR POLITICAL CONFUSIONS.” AD- DRESSED TO THE PEOPLE OF AMERICA. [New York: James Rivington], 1775. [13]-25pp. Modern paper covered boards, printed paper label. Titlepage trimmed a bit close. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

An odd title, this is the second half only of the Rivington edition of Henry Barry’s The General Attacked by a Sub-Altern, with its own titlepage, of the tract that Barry was responding to, Charles Lee’s Strictures.... The English-born Lee had a long career in the British army before eventually taking up the American cause. A fiery republican, he served as a general in the Continental Army, rallying troops and readying defenses before eventually clashing with George Washington over strategy. He participated in the pamphlet wars leading up to the Declaration of Independence with the present work, written in response to Loyalist Thomas Bradbury Chandler’s Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans. Also published in New York in 1774, Chandler warned the colonists against military or economic measures against British authority. Lee essentially argues that the British forces aren’t so tough, and that a disciplined American force can triumph in its righteous cause. Thomas Adams treats this item in two entries of his American Independence, saying it was not published separately from Rivington’s 1775 edition of Barry, yet it appears that some enterprising booksellers occasionally made it a discreet title. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 125, 151b (ref ). SABIN 26867. EVANS 13824. ESTC W12383. HOWES L193. $4500.

97. Lee, Henry: MEMOIRS OF THE WAR IN THE SOUTHERN DE- PARTMENT OF THE UNITED STATES.... Philadelphia. 1812. Two volumes. [2],423; [2],486pp., plus two portraits. Half title. Early 20th-century red three-quarter morocco and cloth, spine gilt, t.e.g. Spines and corners lightly worn. Faded ownership inscription on half title. Light foxing and tanning, some early ink staining at end of first volume. Good plus.

Henry “Light-Horse Harry” Lee (1756-1818) was a close friend and confidant of George Washington, the father of Robert E. Lee, and himself one the country’s first and greatest cavalry soldiers. He served brilliantly and heroically under Na- thanael Greene, serving in the important battles with Colonel Tarleton’s forces, and witnessed the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, all of which is related in the present memoirs. Lee resigned his commission in 1781, assuming that the war was over and before long turned to politics, serving as governor of Virginia from 1792 to 1795. Lee’s later years were marred by ill health and poverty; he wrote his memoirs in 1808-09 while imprisoned for debt, mainly to pay off his creditors. HOWES L202. CLARK I:269. SHAW & SHOEMAKER 25839. SABIN 39741. DAB XI, pp.107-8. $750.

98. [Lloyd, Charles]: THE CONDUCT OF THE LATE ADMINIS- TRATION EXAMINED. WITH AN APPENDIX CONTAINING ORIGINAL AND AUTHENTIC DOCUMENTS. London. 1767 [i.e. 1766]. 160,[2],liv plus 2pp. of publisher’s advertisements. Lacks the half title. 19th-century three-quarter roan and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities worn. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Several leaves loosening. Minor foxing. About very good.

A strong defense of British taxation in its North American colonies, especially the Stamp Act. “The first portion of this, which contains a defense of his American measures, is said to have been dictated by George Grenville to Lloyd, who was his secretary” – Adams. Howes erroneously calls for 166 pages before the fifty-four- page appendix. HOWES L405. SABIN 15203. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 66-36a. $1650.

99. [London Court of Common Council]: ADDRESSES PRESENTED FROM THE COURT OF COMMON COUNCIL TO THE KING, ON HIS MAJESTY’S ACCESSION TO THE THRONE, AND ON VARIOUS OTHER OCCASIONS, AND HIS ANSWERS.... [bound with:] ADDRESSES, REMONSTRANCES, AND PETITIONS; COMMENCING THE 24th OF JUNE 1769.... London: Henry Fen- wick, [1778]. 88; 151pp. [bound with:] A PETITION OF THE FREE- HOLDERS OF THE COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.... London: Henry Fenwick, 1769. 11pp. Contemporary calf, spine gilt, leather label. Boards heavily worn, head and foot of spine chipped. Very minor scattered foxing. Good plus. In a brown half morocco and cloth slipcase.

The county of Middlesex, essentially London, was the heart of radical politics in England at the time of the Revolution, and the greatest pro-American feeling was found in the merchants and working classes of the metropolis. The colonists often appealed directly to Middlesex for support. These works contain petitions relating to the American colonies dating from June 1774 to March 1778, including petitions regarding the Quebec Act, in which the people express their concern over the encroachment of Catholicism and French influence in the colony. Likewise, it includes the text of a letter from John Hancock to the mayor of London, dated September 1775, expressing a hope for peace between Britain and the colonies. Adams notes that these two titles are often found bound together, sometimes with other publications of the Council. The petition of the freeholders of Middlesex County concerns the John Wilkes case. Wilkes ran for Parliament and was elected as a radical candidate for Middlesex, but was arrested and imprisoned shortly thereafter for seditious libel. Wilkes spoke out against the British war against the American colonies, and his opposition to the Crown was a rallying point for the American cause. ESTC T108621, T108605, T43921. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 78-65. $1500.

100. [Longchamps, Pierre de]: HISTOIRE IMPARTIALE DES ÉVEN- EMENS MILITAIRES ET POLITIQUES DE LA DERNIÈRE GUERRE.... Amsterdam. 1785. Three volumes. 564; 531; 618pp. 12mo. Contemporary marbled wrappers, contemporary manuscript spine label. Minor wear and soiling. Bookplate on front pastedowns. Minor foxing. Near fine. Untrimmed. In folding paper boxes, paper labels.

First Amsterdam edition, after the Paris edition of the same year. This history of the American Revolution covers conflicts in other parts of the world, but is largely devoted to the French part in the war in America and is one of the first French accounts of the war. A popular work, it appeared in several editions after the original Paris printing of 1785. A very handsome set of this work, in original condition. HOWES L447. GEPHART 5702. SABIN 41905. $2000.

Letters to John Adams

101. Mably, L’Abbé de: REMARKS CONCERNING THE GOVERN- MENT AND THE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERI- CA: IN FOUR LETTERS, ADDRESSED TO MR. ADAMS...FROM THE FRENCH OF THE ABBE DE MABLY: WITH NOTES BY THE TRANSLATOR. London: J. Debrett, 1784. [4],280pp. Antique-style half calf and marbled boards, leather label. One leaf with horizontal closed tear, minor foxing to last handful of leaves. Very good.

First English edition. Mably’s work consists of four letters written to John Adams, then the American Minister to Holland, on the government, laws, and political divisions in the United States. The French took great interest in the form that the American government would take after the Revolution, publishing the constitutions of the thirteen states in 1783, and pondering the question of a strong central government or a loose confederation. “Mably comments on the American approach to government as reflected in the constitutions of the thirteen states, and, more specifically, in those of Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Georgia...he offers advice on a national constitution, urging a loose federation rather than a strong central government and warning against excessive democracy” – Cohen. Another Dublin edition appeared in 1785, in French, predating the present translated edition, though Echeverria & Wilkie deem this a false imprint due to typographical inconsistencies in the dedication. SABIN 42925. HOWES M5 (ref ). COHEN 2763. ECHEVERRIA & WILKIE 784/71. $1500.

An Important Tract of 1776

102. [Macpherson, James]: THE RIGHTS OF GREAT BRITAIN AS- SERTED AGAINST THE CLAIMS OF AMERICA: BEING AN ANSWER TO THE DECLARATION OF THE GENERAL CON- GRESS. London. 1776. [2],92pp. plus folding table. Lacks the half title. Modern three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Negligible soiling. Very good plus.

An important political tract, replying to the American Congress’ “Declaration... setting forth the causes and necessity of their taking up arms,” which is printed in the rear of the pamphlet. Authorship of this work is in doubt, Adams crediting James Macpherson, who was retained by Lord North as a political writer, and Howes crediting Sir John Dalrymple. The pamphlet, which was widely disseminated, sets forth the ministerial position on the situation in America. This is the first of over twenty editions, making it one of the most widely circulated pamphlets of the English side of the debate. Only a handful of copies of this edition are in ESTC. ESTC N12881. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-95a. HOWES D37. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 37 (ref ). $4500.

Important Work on the Dutch in the Revolution

103. [Marriott, James]: MÉMOIRE JUSTIFICATIF DE LA CONDUITE DE LA GRANDE BRETAGNE, EN ARRÊTANT LES NAVIRES ÉTRANGERS ET LES MUNITIONS DE GUERRE, DESTINÉES AUX INSURGENS DE L’AMÉRIQUE. Londres: T. Harrison et S. Brooke, 1779. vii,[1],60pp. Original plain wrappers. Edges wrinkled, with occasional small chips. Light dust soiling to wrappers and outer leaves, otherwise internally clean. Near fine. Untrimmed. In a half morocco and cloth box.

Although maintaining a formal neutrality during the American Revolution, the Dutch Republic sold weapons to the rebellious colonists, resulting in British reprisals against Dutch vessels. This work makes the case for British seizures of munitions- laden Dutch ships destined for the revolting American colonies. It was printed for private circulation among neutral maritime courts, and printed in French, which was the language of diplomacy at the time. “One of the most valuable tracts on the subject of supplying the American Colonies with the sinews of war during the Revolution. It is of great rarity” – Rosenbach. A scarce work, the first copy of this first edition that we have owned. HOWES M298, “aa.” SABIN 44689. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-70. ROSEN- BACH 4:246. $3000.

104. Marshall, John: THE LIFE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON, COM- MANDER IN CHIEF OF THE AMERICAN FORCES, DURING THE WAR WHICH ESTABLISHED THE INDEPENDENCE OF HIS COUNTRY, AND FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES...TO WHICH IS PREFIXED, AN INTRODUCTION, CONTAINING A COMPENDIOUS VIEW OF THE COLONIES .... Philadelphia. 1804-1807. Five text volumes plus atlas. Text volumes: Portrait. Thick octavo. Contemporary calf, spines gilt, leather labels. Boards scuffed, corners worn. Hinges cracked on third and fourth volumes, one label partially perished on fifth volume. Contemporary ownership inscription on each titlepage. Minor scattered foxing. A good set in a contemporary binding. Atlas: Contemporary sheep. Very worn. Foxed.

First issue of the text and of the atlas. The classic biography of Washington. “After the able, accurate and comprehensive work of Chief Justice Marshall, it would be presumptuous to attempt a historical biography of Washington” – Jared Sparks. Later American editions omitted the history of the colonies, which is the subject of the first volume. HOWES M317 “aa”. SABIN 44788. LARNED 1561. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 92. $4500.

A Revolutionary Soldier’s Narrative: The Deering Copy

105. [Martin, Joseph Plumb]: A NARRATIVE OF SOME OF THE AD- VENTURES, DANGERS AND SUFFERINGS OF A REVOLU- TIONARY SOLDIER; INTERSPERSED WITH ANECDOTES OF INCIDENTS THAT OCCURRED WITHIN HIS OWN OBSERVA- TION. Written By Himself. Hallowell. 1830. 213pp. 12mo. Original half sheep and printed paper over birch boards. Boards stained, paper scraped off edges, several small wood sections broken away, rear board detached. Some tanning and scattered foxing. Good, in original unsophisticated condition. In a cloth clamshell box.

The first edition of this Revolutionary War soldier’s narrative, very rare in the original printed boards. It is also rare for having been written from the perspective of an enlisted man rather than an officer. Martin grew up in western Massachusetts and enlisted in the Continental Army in the winter of 1775 and 1776 (at age fifteen). He recounts his experiences through to the end of the war, including recollections of Valley Forge, the battles of Long Island and White Plains, his personal experiences with Benedict Arnold and Major Andre, and the Battle of Yorktown and Cornwallis’ surrender, which he witnessed. The work is rife with details of the life of an enlisted man during the Revolution, from everyday mundane tasks, to interactions with officers, to pitched battles. Most modern bibliographers ascribe the work to Joseph Plumb Martin, yet the copyright notice names “James Sullivan Martin.” Quite rare on the market. HOWES M341, “aa.” GEPHART 13975. SABIN 51794. AMERICAN IMPRINTS 2404. $7500.

Critical Maryland Laws from the Revolution

106. [Maryland Laws]: [American Revolution]: [AN EXTENSIVE COL- LECTION OF MARYLAND SESSION LAWS PASSED DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1777 – 1783]. Annapolis: Frederick Green, [1777-1783]. Sixteen separate imprints, all with separate titlepage, unpaginated, bound into two volumes. Uniform 19th-century pebbled morocco, gilt. Some edge wear, light rubbing. Dampstain in top margin and some tanning in second volume, a few instances of minor contemporary marginalia, some overall toning and light foxing. Good plus.

A nearly continuous run of sixteen early Maryland state session laws, all adopted in the thick of the American Revolution. There is much in these laws pertaining to the Revolution, including several acts for recruitment of soldiers, and some involving troop movements, quartering of soldiers, the regulation of the militia, the raising of supplies, relief for wounded soldiers, the regulation of officer’s salaries, the creation of a state infantry company, relief for “those who have and may suffer by the British army,” and more. The later sessions are increasingly concerned with the war effort: raising arms and other supplies, punishing spies, creating battalions of militia, providing for the defense of Baltimore, establishing methods for handling property confiscated from the British army, and providing relief for those whose property was confiscated or destroyed by the British army. A 1782 act established what is now known as Washington College in Chestertown. A 1783 law prohibited, at least for a time, the importation of slaves into the state. Several titlepages bear the signature of Robert Goldsborough, a Maryland delegate to the Continental Congress. The only imprint lacking here to make it a full run of the session laws for this period is that for Oct. 17, 1780 (Evans 17205). A remarkable collection of early Maryland law from a pivotal point in American history. A detailed list of separate imprints included is available upon request. EVANS 15393, 15394, 15395, 15878, 15879, 15880, 16332, 16333, 16827, 16828; 16829, 17206, 17583, 17584, 18011, 18012. WHEELER, MARYLAND IMPRINTS 10, 11, 12, 40, 41, 67, 68, 69, 91, 92, 93, 124, 221, 222, 291, 292. BENEDICT 85, 86, 87, 88. $16,500.

107. Maseres, Francis: THE CANADIAN FREEHOLDER: IN [THREE] DIALOGUES. London. 1777-1779. Three volumes. 483; xxii,404; xlii,[399]- 810pp. Half titles. Original plain boards, uniformly rebacked in period-style plain paper. Covers detached from first volume. Else near fine, internally crisp and untrimmed.

Maseres was the attorney general of Canada from 1766 to 1769 and a staunch pro- ponent of the rights of Canadians as British subjects, and particularly the religious liberty of the French Canadians, even though he was himself a devout Protestant. He was convinced that the harshness of the Quebec Act was a disaster for the Ca- nadian merchants whom he represented in London, and for England’s chances of holding its American empire together. This long argument, published over three years and in the form of a dialogue between a British gentleman and a Catholic Canadian freeholder, covers most of the pressing political concerns of the American colonies. It is interesting both from a Canadian perspective and as part of the larger argument over the more southern colonies. Maseres was one of the firmest Whig friends of the American colonies at the time of the Revolution. This is his longest and most elaborate political work, and the volumes are rarely found together. The present set includes the second state of the first volume titlepage, stating “in two dialogues,” with the third volume stating “in three dialogues.” LANDE 615. TPL 521. GAGNON I:658. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 76-93, 79-71, 79-72. SABIN 45412. $2750.

108. [Mason, William]: ODE TO MR. PINCHBECK, UPON HIS NEWLY INVENTED PATENT CANDLE-SNUFFERS. By Mal- colm M’Greggor, Esq.; Author of the Heroic Epistle to Sir William Chambers, and The Heroic Postscript. London. 1776. 11,[1]pp. Quarto. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Lightly foxed. Very good.

“An attack on Lord George Germain that includes a number of references to events in America and writers of pamphlets on American affairs” – Adams. Lord George Germain was Secretary of State in Britain during the American Revolution, and his office was extensively blamed for the loss of the American colonies. This work went through five editions in 1776, of which this is the first. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 76-94a. $1250.

The First Version of the Massachusetts Constitution

109. [Massachusetts]: [A] CONSTITUTION OR FRAME OF GOV- ERNMENT, AGREED UPON BY THE DELEGATES OF THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS-BAY, IN CONVENTION, BEGUN AND HELD AT CAMBRIDGE ON THE FIRST OF SEPTEMBER, 1779, AND CONTINUED BY AD- JOURNMENTS TO THE SECOND OF MARCH, 1780.... Boston: Printed by Benjamin Edes & Sons, 1780. 53pp. Half title. Modern half morocco and marbled boards. The titlepage was apparently misprinted and lacks the “A” at the beginning of the title, and the upper portion of a few letters in “constitution” and portions of the imprint are faint. Very good. Untrimmed.

First printing of the first Massachusetts state constitution, a document of capital importance in the framing of subsequent state constitutions as well as the United States Constitution. A slightly more radical constitution was proposed in 1778 which, for example, granted suffrage to all males except blacks, Indians, and mulat- toes, but it was rejected by the people. The present constitution begins with a long declaration of the rights of Massachusetts citizens (including freedom of the press and protection from unreasonable searches), then spells out the roles and powers of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. This version was revised consider- ably before its final adoption (that version was also printed in 1780). “In some respects the constitution of 1780 remedied the defects of its predecessor of 1778. A bill of rights assured to each citizen ‘the security of his person and property’ as an unassailable condition to the social contract. A strong executive with extensive veto powers, an independent judiciary appointed for good behavior, and a senate representing property effectively restrained the house of representatives, the only popular branch of government” – Handlin. There is also a section continuing the special privileges of Harvard College, and another encouraging the appreciation of literature in the commonwealth. The Handlins note that John Adams’ role was pre-eminent in the crafting of the 1780 constitution. It is a constitution that served as a guide for other states and for the Constitutional Convention of 1787. See the Handlins’ Commonwealth for an extended discussion of the creation and importance of the Massachusetts constitution. “Despite the title, Massachusetts is declared to be a free and independent Commonwealth (not State), and its people are referred to repeatedly as ‘subjects.’ Freedom of religion is guaranteed to all Protestants, except that Catholics are barred from holding office. (However, there is nothing to keep them from coming to New York to run for office.) Enfranchisement is based solely on property” – Eberstadt. This octavo edition is the first issue, followed by a more common folio issue. A state constitution of great influence. EVANS 16844. ESTC W15133. SABIN 45691. EBERSTADT 166:71. ROSENBACH 8:752. Oscar & Mary Handlin, Commonwealth (Cambridge, 1969), esp. pp.24-31. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 64. $4750.

110. [Massachusetts]: COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS. IN SENATE, FEBRUARY 26, 1781 [caption title]. [Boston: Printed by Benjamin Edes and Sons, 1781]. Broadside, 13½ x 8¼ inches. Old fold lines. Light wear at edges, a few small tears. Minor soiling. Two small pieces of linen tape at top edge, from previous mount. Very good.

Revolutionary-era broadside from Massachusetts, concerning militia recruitment. The broadside authorizes the tax assessor “of every deficient town and plantation... to class their inhabitants and such others as are liable by law to pay taxes within the same, into as many classes as shall be equal to the number of men deficient in such town or plantation” in order to acquire for the militia a full complement of men. The text further indicates that “any person or persons [who] shall previously have procured a man or men for three years or during the war, or shall have advanced money, &c. for that purpose, he or they shall be exempted from being classed so far as the money advanced or soldiers procured is the proportion in the judgment of the Assessors, or such Committee as the town shall appoint for that purpose, he or they ought to furnish the quota required....” One is also allowed an exemption to procure a militiaman to serve in his stead. It was felt that this system of classifica- tion and taxation would produce superior results to enhance the depleted ranks of the dwindling colonial militia. Scarce, with fewer than ten copies listed in ESTC. EVANS 17219. FORD 2295. ESTC W16804. $1500.

111. [Massachusetts Newspaper]: THE CONTINENTAL JOURNAL, AND WEEKLY ADVERTISER. No. 292. Boston. Sept. 27, 1781. 4pp. Folio. Old folds. Very minor loss at some folds. Light soiling and wear. Con- temporary ownership inscription on top of first page. Very good.

The Continental Journal... was a weekly Boston paper published by John Gill from 1776 to 1785. This issue includes an article on the life and execution of Col. Isaac Hayne, a South Carolinian taken prisoner and executed by the British at the Siege of Charleston. Also included is an account of the French army under Rochambeau arriving in Philadelphia on their way to Yorktown. $900.

112. Mauduit, Israel: A SHORT VIEW OF THE HISTORY OF THE COLONY OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY, WITH RESPECT TO THEIR CHARTERS AND CONSTITUTION. London. 1769. [2], 71pp. Lacks the half title. Modern boards, printed paper label. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Internally clean. Very good plus. In a half morocco and cloth folder.

Mauduit, who was a Loyalist once the Revolution came, firmly believed in the right of the British government to dictate to the colonies in general and Massachusetts in particular. “Strives to prove that this colony’s charter was not exempt from Par- liamentary authority” – Howes. Mauduit is perhaps best known for his Remarks upon Gen. Howe’s Account of His Proceedings on Long-Island, in the Extraordinary Gazette of October 10, 1776 (London, 1778). Only a handful of copies in ESTC. HOWES M431. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 68-21a. SABIN 46921. ESTC T100618. $1750. The Battle of Long Island

113. [Mauduit, Israel]: REMARKS UPON GEN. HOWE’S ACCOUNT OF HIS PROCEEDINGS ON LONG-ISLAND, IN THE EX- TRAORDINARY GAZETTE OF OCTOBER 10, 1776. London. 1778. [4],54pp. Lacks the half title. 20th-century three-quarter green morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Head of spine worn, extremities rubbed. Minor foxing. Very good.

Criticism of Howe’s conduct in the Battle of Long Island, wherein he refused to allow the entrenchments at Brooklyn to be attacked because of the element of risk. Mauduit gives a detailed analysis of the battle, including the deposition of troops involved. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 78-69a. HOWES M430, “aa.” SABIN 46919. $1750.

114. [Mazzei, Filippo]: RECHERCHES HISTORIQUES ET POLI- TIQUES SUR LES ETATS-UNIS DE L’AMÉRIQUE...PAR UN CI- TOYEN DE VIRGINIE.... Paris. 1788. Four volumes bound in two. Early 19th-century morocco backed marbled boards. Moderate edge wear. Head of spine of first volume rather frayed, and inner front hinge split and neatly detached at gutter. Very light foxing. Armorial bookplates. Overall very good.

The author emigrated to America from Italy in 1773 to introduce the cultivation of grapes and olives to the United States. He became a neighbor of Thomas Jefferson in Virginia, settling near Monticello at Jefferson’s request, and this association led to their long friendship and the author’s acquaintance with Franklin and Adams. A staunch Republican, he took an active role in the Independence movement. In this work Mazzei outlines the history of the American colonies, the causes of the Revolution, and the economy and government of the United States. Also discussed are Indians, slavery, emigration, and the Society of the Cincinnati. An important work which Dumas Malone characterizes as “probably the most reliable of all the works of the period on the United States.” Jefferson aided Mazzei in the compila- tion of the work while acting as American minister in Paris. HOWES M456. SABIN 47206. MALONE, THOMAS JEFFERSON II, pp.109-10. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 87. $1000.

Arguing for Ties with England After the Stamp Act

115. [Morgan, John, et al]: FOUR DISSERTATIONS, ON THE RECIP- ROCAL ADVANTAGES OF A PERPETUAL UNION BETWEEN GREAT-BRITAIN AND HER AMERICAN COLONIES. WRIT- TEN FOR MR. SARGENT’S PRIZE-MEDAL. TO WHICH (BY DESIRE) IS PREFIXED, AN EULOGIUM.... Philadelphia: William and Thomas Bradford, 1766. x,viii,12,[2],112pp. Contemporary calf, neatly rebacked, spine gilt, leather label. Corners rubbed, boards lightly scuffed. Mi- nor foxing. One leaf torn, but neatly repaired at an earlier date. Very good.

Dissertations given by students at the College of Philadelphia, today the University of Pennsylvania. “The dissertations are by John Morgan, Stephen Watts, Joseph Reed, and Francis Hopkinson. The Eulogium is by Provost William Smith. Mr. Sargent was a Bristol merchant who had given the money for the medal instead of making a contribution to the support of the college when asked by Smith during a fund-raising trip to England. Sargent specified that union with Great Britain was to be the topic of the dissertation” – Adams. Reasons for union include the continuance of good commerce and joy of common union with other Britons. One author does note, however, that should laws be passed “as would bear hard upon the liberty or property of the Colonies; this measure would doubtless have a natural tendency to sow the seeds of discontent.” EVANS 10400. HILDEBURN 2213. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 40a. ESTC W20332. $2500.

116. Murray, James: AN IMPARTIAL HISTORY OF THE WAR IN AMERICA; FROM ITS FIRST COMMENCEMENT, TO THE PRESENT TIME; TOGETHER WITH THE CHARTERS OF THE SEVERAL COLONIES, AND OTHER AUTHENTIC INFORMA- TION.... Newcastle upon Tyne: Printed for T. Robson..., [1779]. Two volumes. 573; 576pp. plus twenty-three portraits and a folding plan. Lacks pp.305-312 in second volume. [with:] ...VOL. III. 48 (of 332)pp. plus frontispiece portrait. Contemporary calf. Corners bumped and lightly worn, spines lightly worn. Minor toning, but internally clean. Very good.

First uniform edition, having been issued in parts as three volumes in 1778-80. An important contemporary history of the Revolution, notable for the portraits of key figures. “The author’s political principles were democratic in sentiment, and it is a little doubtful whether his history is ‘impartial.’ The...portraits are of much interest...” – Sabin. This includes the first forty-eight pages of the scarce third volume, which was issued in parts. HOWES M916. SABIN 51507. ESTC N7791, N24585. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 78-73f (third vol.). $2750. 117. [Osborne, Francis Godolphin]: A LETTER TO THE RIGHT HON- OURABLE L—D TH——W.... London: Printed for R. Faulder, 1780. [2],26pp. Dbd. Lightly tanned along foredge of titlepage. Very good.

Authorship is attributed by the DNB to Francis Osborne, the Fifth Duke of Leeds (identified by Adams as the Fourth Duke). Osborne served both in the House of Commons and House of Lords before issuing this anonymous pamphlet addressed to Edward Thurlow, the Lord Chancellor of England, advocating a change of government and calling for the removal of Lord North as Prime Minister. Osborne belittles the government’s conduct of the war in America. A scarce pamphlet. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 80-46.1. SABIN 40526. $1000.

The “Enlarged Version” of Common Sense: “the Free and Independent States of America”

118. Paine, Thomas: COMMON SENSE; ADDRESSED TO THE IN- HABITANTS OF AMERICA...A NEW EDITION, WITH SEVER- AL ADDITIONS IN THE BODY OF THE WORK. TO WHICH IS ADDED AN APPENDIX; TOGETHER WITH AN ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE CALLED QUAKERS. Philadelphia: Printed and sold by W. and T. Bradford, [but possibly M. Mills, Dublin,] 1776. 99pp. [bound with:] [Chalmers, James]: PLAIN TRUTH: ADDRESSED TO THE INHABITANTS OF AMERICA. CONTAINING REMARKS ON A LATE PAMPHLET, INTITLED COMMON SENSE.... Philadelphia printed, Dublin, reprinted: M. Mills, 1776. [4],44pp. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Contemporary ownership inscription (“Ambrose Smith”) on each titlepage. Very good.

This is a most important edition of Common Sense..., one of the early issues of the “Enlarged Version” of its text, first issued by printers William and Thomas Bradford about five weeks after the appearance of the first edition from the press of Robert Bell, issued on Feb. 14, 1776. The present edition can lay claim to being equal to the first edition in importance, since it contains considerable additional material by Paine which did not appear in the first three printings by Bell. Common Sense first appeared on Jan. 9, 1776. Its importance was immediately realized and its contents hotly debated. At the same time, Paine’s relationship with his publisher, Bell, also became heated, as the author asked for a share in the profits of his bestseller and Bell denied a profit had been realized. Paine then asked Bell to wait before doing a second edition so that he could add more material. On Jan. 20, however, Bell advertised a “new edition” which reprinted the original, without Paine’s additions. Infuriated, Paine went to the Bradfords and proposed to give them his new material to publish with the original text, comprising an appendix and “An Address to the People Called Quakers,” increasing “the Work upwards of one Third.” This is the first ninety-nine-page edition of the enlarged text. It is probable that this edition of Common Sense, despite the imprint, was actually printed in Dublin. The similarity in typography to the Dublin edition of the Chalmers pamphlet, here bound with it, reinforces that possibility. If so, it could not help but inflame sentiment in England’s other dissatisfied colony. This copy is bound with a Dublin edition of a vigorous attack on Tom Paine and Common Sense, written under the pseudonym of “Candidus.” Thomas Adams identifies the author as James Chalmers. This is the first Irish edition of a pamphlet originally published in Philadelphia and later reprinted in London. On the importance of Common Sense it is unnecessary to comment. The political rhetoric of Paine inflamed the desire for independence, attacking British misgovern- ment and calling for colonial independence in clear and unmistakable words. The editors of the Grolier American Hundred remark: “It is not too much to say that the Declaration of Independence...was due more to Paine’s Common Sense than to any other single piece of writing.” A most important edition of America’s greatest political tract. GROLIER AMERICAN 100, 14. GIMBEL CS-14. HOWES P17. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 222g. BRISTOL B4310. SHIPTON & MOONEY 43121. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 36 (ref ). $25,000.

Paine’s Famous Call for American Independence

119. Paine, Thomas: COMMON SENSE; ADDRESSED TO THE IN- HABITANTS OF AMERICA, ON THE FOLLOWING INTER- ESTING SUBJECTS.... London: J. Almon, 1776. [4],54pp. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Very good.

The first British edition, first issue, of Paine’s monu- mentally important pamphlet. The work was of such general interest that this London edition was issued before the Declaration of Independence, with notices of it appearing in periodicals in June 1776. Gimbel identifies four separate issues of this first London printing, and this copy conforms to the first issue, with the hiatuses (blanks) completed in manuscript. The hiatuses replaced words in Paine’s original text that cast aspersions on the British Crown and government. Usually the blank spaces simply replace words, but sometimes they remove entire phrases or sentences. See Gimbel for a complete description of the various issues. GIMBEL CS-24. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 76-108a. HOWES P17. SABIN 58214. REESE, REVO- LUTIONARY HUNDRED 36. $15,000. 120. [Paine, Thomas]: THE AMERICAN CRISIS. NUMBER II. By the Author of Common Sense. Philadelphia: Printed and Sold by Styner and Cist, [1777]. pp.[9]-24. Dbd. Light stains on title and last leaf. Good.

The very rare second part of the series by Paine which eventually stretched to thirteen numbers, written to boost the morale of American troops. Dated “Philadelphia, Janu- ary 13, 1777” on page 24. Only the first five parts were separately printed as pamphlets, the rest being given directly to newspapers. This second part of The American Crisis is directly addressed to Lord William Howe, the British commander in North America who though he had the upper hand mili- tarily, had allowed Washington to evacuate New York, and had suffered recent defeats to the Americans at Trenton and Princeton. Paine mocks Howe and his demands on the American populace to cease their rebellion. Paine writes: “By what means, may I ask, do you expect to conquer America? If you could not effect it in the summer when our army was less than yours, nor in the winter when we had none, how are you to do it? In point of generalship you have been outwitted, and in point of fortitude outdone.” The separate pamphlet editions of The American Crisis, all of which are rare, were printed in various cities and towns. The older references, such as Evans and Howes, describe the Philadelphia printings of Parts I-III, but later findings by Edwin Wolf II and R.W.G. Vail have uncovered other early editions of this historical Ameri- can political work. See especially Wolf ’s explanation of the various Philadelphia editions of the first three parts of The American Crisis printed by Styner and Cist (“Evidence Indicating the Need for Some Bibliographical Analysis of American- Printed Historical Works” in PBSA 63 [1969], pp.266-68). GIMBEL 19. HOWES P16. SABIN 58206. EVANS 15493. ESTC W31716 HILDE- BURN 3595. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 46. $25,000.

121. [Paine, Thomas]: THE AMERICAN CRISIS. NUMBER III. By the Author of Common Sense. Philadelphia: Printed and Sold by Styner and Cist, [1777]. pp.[2],27-56. Gathered signatures, stitched. Minor foxing and dust-soiling, contemporary ownership signature of Thomas Cuningham on two leaves. Very good. Untrimmed. In a half morocco box.

The very rare third part of the series by Paine, written to boost the morale of Ameri- can troops. The pamphlet is dated “Philadelphia, April 19, 1777” at the end of the text. The verso of the titlepage prints proclamations by Gen. George Washington dated April 6 and 8, 1777, offering pardons to all army deserters who rejoin their corps before May 15, 1777. Paine thus wrote the pamphlet in mid-April 1777. In the text Paine predicts that Philadelphia will be a target of the British armies, as indeed it was that summer: Britain, like a gamester nearly ruined, hath now put all her losses into one bet, and is playing a desperate game for the total. If she wins, she wins from me my life; she wins the continent as the forfeited property of rebels; the right of taxing those that are left as reduced subjects; and the power of binding them as slaves. Paine goes on the argue that complete independence is the only path forward. The separate pamphlet editions of The American Crisis, all of which are rare, were printed in various cities and towns, and all seem to be distinguished by having caption titles only. The older references, such as Evans and Howes, describe the Philadelphia printings of Parts I-III, but later findings by Edwin Wolf 2nd and R.W.G. Vail have uncovered other early editions of this historical American political work. See especially Wolf ’s explanation of the various Philadelphia editions of the first three parts of The American Crisis printed by Styner and Cist (“Evidence Indicating the Need for Some Bibliographical Analysis of American-Printed His- torical Works” in PBSA 63 [1969], pp.266-68). Accordingly, the present copy is the second state. GIMBEL 20. SHIPTON & MOONEY 15494. HOWES P16. SABIN 58207. EVANS 15494. HILDEBURN 3595. ESTC W31713. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 46. $27,500.

“These are times that try men’s souls.”

122. [Paine, Thomas]: THE BOSTON-GAZETTE AND COUNTRY JOURNAL (No. 1130)...MONDAY, JANUARY 13, 1777. [Containing: THE AMERICAN CRISIS. NUMBER I. By the Author of Com- mon Sense]. Boston: Printed by Benjamin Edes, Jan. 13, 1777. [4]pp. on a bifolium, approximately 15¼ x 10 inches. Folio. Previously folded, with short separations and small areas of loss at old folds, slightly affecting text. Light marginal dampstaining, light foxing and tanning. Good plus. Untrimmed. In a half morocco box.

A very rare newspaper printing, and the first publication in Boston, of the first part of Thomas Paine’s famous document, The American Crisis, beginning with the famous watchwords of the American Revolution: “These are the times that try men’s souls.” Probably the most famous line Paine ever wrote, and after the preamble of the Declaration of Independence, the most ringing phrase of the American Revo- lution, it remains in the national imagination as the epigram of the struggle for freedom. The opening lines of the first number of The American Crisis continue:

The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly: – ’Tis dearness only that gives everything its value.

The first pamphlet version of The American Crisis was issued by Paine through the Philadelphia publisher Styner & Cist on Dec. 19, 1776 to help rejuvenate the patriot cause among the dispirited American soldiers after the defeats on Long Island and the loss of New York. Over the next four weeks it appeared in the few newspapers in Philadelphia and elsewhere still operating during the Revolutionary crisis. Reproduced by Benjamin Edes in his weekly newspaper, The Boston Gazette, on Jan. 13, 1777, this printing of Paine’s The American Crisis is the first appearance of the tract in a Boston publication. It occupies the entire second page of the newspaper and is printed in three columns, with an advertisement at the end for copies of Common Sense available at the Fleets’ printing house. Edes and the Gazette had radical tendencies from the early days of the colonies’ disputes with Great Britain, famously sensationalizing the news of the Boston Massacre in 1770 and publishing Paul Revere’s now immortal engraving of the event, and it printed the works of numerous significant figures in the American Revolution. By the winter of 1777 it was one of just three newspapers still publishing in Boston. Three days later, on Jan. 16, Paine’s work was printed by Edes’ former partner, John Gill, both in broadside form and in his own Boston newspaper, Continental Journal, as well as by Nathaniel Willis in the third city paper, The Independent Chronicle. We are able to locate only three copies of this incredibly rare newspaper issue, at the American Antiquarian Society, Yale, and the Library of Congress. A significant early printing of this clarion call to American patriots. EVANS 15247. HOWES P16 (other eds). SABIN 58206 (other eds). REESE, REVO- LUTIONARY HUNDRED 46. $85,000.

Thomas Paine as Clerk of the Pennsylvania Assembly

123. Paine, Thomas: [MANUSCRIPT DOCUMENT, SIGNED BY THOMAS PAINE AS CLERK OF THE PENNSYLVANIA GEN- ERAL ASSEMBLY, TRANSMITTING A RESOLUTION RE- GARDING THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN PENNSYLVANIA AND VIRGINIA]. [Philadelphia. Nov. 19, 1779]. [1]p. on a bifolium sheet, the following two pages blank, the document addressed and docketed on the fourth page. Old fold lines. Near fine.

An official communication, signed by Thomas Paine, transmitting a resolution of the Pennsylvania General Assembly. Paine was involved in Pennsylvania politics for several years after his arrival in America in 1774. He was associated with the men who drafted the state’s new constitution in 1776, and he wrote a series of letters in local newspapers supporting the constitution. In 1777, Paine was elected to the Committee of Correspondence of the Whig Society in Pennsylvania. He was appointed clerk of the Pennsylvania Assembly in November 1779, shortly after resigning his position as secretary of foreign affairs for the Conti- nental Congress. He needed other employ- ment in order to supplement his income as a writer. In this document Paine, as clerk of the Pennsylvania Assembly, transmits a resolution to the state’s Supreme Executive Council in care of Gov. Joseph Reed. The resolution (not present here) addressed the question of the state’s boundary with Virginia and the extension of the Mason-Dixon line. $25,000.

124. [Pennsylvania]: THE ACTS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA...AND AN AP- PENDIX, CONTAINING THE LAWS NOW IN FORCE, PASSED BETWEEN THE 30th DAY OF SEPTEMBER 1775, AND THE REVOLUTION.... Philadelphia. 1782. [4],xxxi,[1],527,[1],viii pp. Folio. Half calf and marbled boards in antique style, leather label. Very faint old ink stamp and contemporary ownership inscription on titlepage, light marginal stain to a handful of leaves, but mostly very clean internally. Very good. In a cloth clamshell case.

An important collection of laws for the Revolutionary period, printing as well the Declaration of Independence, the Pennsylvania constitution, and the Articles of Confederation. Edited by Thomas McKean. EVANS 17656. SABIN 59821. ESTC W6513. HILDEBURN 4179. $1000.

The First Constitution of Pennsylvania

125. [Pennsylvania Constitution]: THE CONSTITUTION OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, AS ESTABLISHED BY THE GENERAL CONVENTION. CAREFULLY COMPARED WITH THE ORIGINAL. TO WHICH IS ADDED, A REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE APPOINTED TO ENQUIRE, “WHETHER THE CONSTITUTION HAS BEEN PRESERVED INVIOLATE IN EVERY PART....” Philadelphia: Francis Bailey, 1784. 64pp. Later three- quarter burgundy morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Hinges slightly rubbed, corners lightly worn. Slight tanning to first and final leaves, else internally clean. Very good.

The Jay Snider copy, with his bookplate on the front pastedown. The constitution of Pennsylvania, as adopted by the 1776 Convention, with a complete roster of its members. The first printing of the constitution is a major rarity, and this 1784 edition, with additions, is the first readily obtainable edition. In the added “Report” the Council of Censors finds that the constitution has been freely violated and recommends certain amendments. An entirely new, more conservative constitution was produced in 1790. EVANS 18680. ESTC W30514. HILDEBURN 4458. EBERSTADT, AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONS (166) 129. SABIN 60015. COHEN 3255. REESE, REVOLUTION- ARY HUNDRED 42 (ref ). $2750. The Extraordinarily Rare Session Laws from the Revolution, Including the Flight to Lancaster

126. [Pennsylvania – General Assembly]: THE ACTS OF THE GEN- ERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE COMMON-WEALTH OF PENN- SYLVANIA, ENACTED INTO LAWS, SINCE THE DECLARA- TION OF INDEPENDENCE ON THE FOURTH DAY OF JULY, A.D. 1776. Philadelphia [and Lancaster]: John Dunlap [and Francis Bailey], 1779 [but printed 1777-1781]. Eighteen session laws bound in one volume. [71],[2],[51]-177,[1],[177]-417,[1],[395]-432,[2],[459]-488pp. Folio. Early 20th-century black morocco, spine gilt with raised bands. Very good.

First editions (with the exception of the first two parts, which are second printings) of the so-called “Dunlap Laws,” the excessively rare session laws of Pennsylvania passed during the Revolution and printed by John Dunlap, and in some instances Francis Bailey. Both the meetings of the Assembly and the printing of the laws themselves were conducted under gravely difficult conditions, as evidenced by the displacement of the meeting (and printings) from Philadelphia to Lancaster, when the British occupied the city between September 1777 and June 1778. This collection includes all four of Dunlap and Bailey’s Lancaster printings, which are the most difficult examples to find of the early Pennsylvania session laws. The onset of the Revolution ushered in an exciting and innovative period in American politics, as states made the transition from colonial political systems to independent legislatures. New constitutions were written (Pennsylvania’s being among the most radical) and new classes of men came into political office, often displacing entrenched aristocrats and men of capital. The state legislatures functioned as miniature “laboratories of democracy” as new laws were passed for governance, the raising of public money, and the training and outfitting of a military force to contribute to the Revolutionary cause. Pennsylvania’s Assembly was especially noteworthy for its sharp political divisions between ardent supporters of independence and those suspected of being Loyalists. The session laws collected here document the creation of the state’s new political and civic structure, spelling out the roles and responsibilities of the governor, the Assembly, and the courts, the organization of the state militia and the requirements for serving therein, the creation of taxes and other means for raising public funds, and much, much more. This collection contains the journals of eighteen sessions of the Pennsylvania legislature representing the period from Nov. 28, 1776 (the first meeting of the Pennsylvania General Assembly) through the fourth sitting of the Fifth General Assembly in 1781 (this last work and one other here known only in two copies). The only two comparable collections of Pennsylvania laws are those formed in the 19th century by Pennsylvania lawyer Charlemagne Tower and one set of twenty- eight laws sold by this firm (lacking one very rare imprint included here). In his catalogue of the Tower collection, noted bibliographer Charles Hildeburn calls Tower’s grouping of Pennsylvania laws “unequalled,” and rightly so, as it spanned more than 100 years and contained more than 150 separate items. Tower’s collection of colonial American laws, which contained all of the Pennsylvania laws found in the present collection, was given to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania in 1890. The collection here includes Tower’s numbers 757 through 773, a complete run of Pennsylvania session laws for the years 1776 to 1781. The present collection of eighteen session laws from 1776 to 1785 outstrips the holdings of the next nearest institutions: the Library of Congress, which has only sixteen of the titles, and the American Antiquarian Society, which holds only twelve. The next nearest after that is the University of Pennsylvania, with only seven of the titles. Of the eighteen printings of laws in this collection, two are known in only one other copy each (the fifth and last items); most other works are known in fewer than six copies. It is likely that the laws were produced in very small numbers, mainly for the use of the legislators, and the earlier ones would have suffered losses in the British invasion of Philadelphia and eastern Pennsylvania in 1777. Within these laws are found much of the day-to-day politics and business of running a state during the Revolution, with details of the war dominating. The very first laws establish a quorum, authorize the courts, issue Continental currency, establish a militia, and cover many military matters. By the third session the legislature had been forced to flee Philadelphia in advance of the British invasion, and the next four session laws are printed in Lancaster by Francis Bailey and John Dunlap. The fourth sitting of the second General Assembly reconvened in Philadelphia on Aug. 4, 1778. Virtually all of the laws in this period are concerned with the prosecution of the war, whether attainting traitors, organizing supplies, passing military regulations, or controlling prices. But there is much of importance besides; in January 1780 the Assembly passed “An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery” as well as incorporating the American Philosophical Society. Beginning with the Fourth General Assembly in October 1779, Thomas Paine became the Clerk, and all the published laws are subscribed by him in type until September 1780. A remarkable collection of rare and important Revolutionary-era Pennsylvania laws. A detailed list of the contents is available upon request. EVANS 16427, 16428, 15540, 15968-15972, 16429-16433, 17289-17291. HILDEBURN 3902, 3580, 3730, 3731, 3901, 3902, 4016, 4017, 4120. TOWER 763, 757-762, 764-773. $25,000. Running the American Colonies

127. Pownall, Thomas: THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE COLONIES. (THE FOURTH EDITION.) WHEREIN THEIR RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTION ARE DISCUSSED AND STATED.... London: J. Walter, 1768. [iii]-xxxi,[1],318,73pp. Lacks the half title. Contemporary speckled calf, gilt morocco label. Minor wear to extremities, some rubbing. Armorial bookplate and contemporary inked name on front pastedown. In- ternally clean. Very good.

Fourth and best edition. This was one of the most influential books on the Ameri- can colonies written before the Revolution. Pownall had a distinguished career as an enlightened colonial administrator and served as governor of several British American colonies. He also gave serious consideration to the business of governing the colonies, writing the present work on his return from North America. He felt that imperial reform was necessary, arguing that the colonies would only be bound to Britain by a sound and equitable economic balance. A moderate man with sympathy for the Americans, he issued successive editions of his widely read book, with revisions, through a seventh edition in 1777. Pownall writes: “The whole train of events, the whole course of business, must perpetually bring forward into practice, and necessarily in the end, into establishment – either an American or a British union – There is no other alternative....” This copy belonged to John Rolle, 1st Baron Rolle of Stevenstone (1750-1842), with his armorial bookplate. HOWES P539. SABIN 64817. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 64-16d. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 3 (ref ). $4750.

Primary Cartographic Work of the Revolutionary Era

128. Pownall, Thomas: A TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF SUCH PARTS OF NORTH AMERICA AS ARE CONTAINED IN THE (ANNEXED) MAP OF THE MIDDLE BRITISH COL- ONIES, &c. IN NORTH AMERICA. London: J. Almon, 1776. [6],46, 16pp. plus engraved folding map. Folio. Expertly bound to style in 18th- century half russia and contemporary marbled boards, spine gilt, red morocco label. Very good.

One of the most important cartographical works issued at the time of the American Revolution, here complete with the rare map partially-printed from the same plate as the famed 1755 Lewis Evans’ map printed by Benjamin Franklin. In 1753, Thomas Pownall came to America as the private secretary to Sir Danvers Osborn, the newly appointed colonial governor of New York. Shortly after arriving, however, Osborn died, leaving Pownall without a post. Curious about the colonies, however, Pownall remained in America, travelling widely in the region. Evidently of great enthusiasm and intelligence, Pownall met many of the most influential men in America at that time, including Benjamin Franklin. From this relationship, he was able to attend the 1754 Albany Conference and became involved in Indian affairs in the colony. Through that work and his relationship with Franklin, Pownall met surveyor Lewis Evans and in 1755, Evans published his famed Map of the Middle British Colonies, printed by Franklin and dedicated to Pownall. The map, the most accurate of the region at the time, was enormously influential, with multiple piracies being issued in London, and famously used by General Braddock during the French and Indian War. “A great change came over the fortunes of Evans’ map in 1776. In that year Thomas Pownall, who had spent much time in America as Governor of Massa- chusetts Bay and South Carolina, and Lieut. Governor of New Jersey, published a folio volume entitled, A Topographical Description of Such Parts of North America.... Pownall, after his return from America continued to take the greatest interest in the welfare of the Colonies ...The increasing public interest taken in the affairs of the Colonies at the outbreak of the Revolution, doubtless prompted the publication of the Topographical Description. That work may be described as a new and much enlarged edition of both Evans’ Map and his ‘Analysis’ [the text accompanying the Evans’ map] of 1755. As to the map, Pownall appears to have been in possession of the original Evans plate engraved by Jas. Turner in Philadelphia, and he uses it as the basis of his improved map...” – Stevens. Indeed, much of the cartography of the western parts of Evans’s original map remained unchanged in the 1776 Pownall edition, save for the significant addition of the routes of Christopher Gist and Harry Gordon. This addition is augmented by the publication in the appendix of Gist’s journal of his 1750-51 journey through a portion of present day Ohio, Kentucky and on through North Carolina – the first publication of that important inland exploration. The most significant addition to Evans original map is east of Philadelphia, where Pownall has extended the plate to encompass all of New England, with the coast as far north as Nova Scotia. The cartography of this portion is derived from a number of sources, but includes Pownall’s own explorations into the interior of Vermont and Maine, as well as the surveys conducted on behalf of Massachusetts Colonial Governor Sir Francis Bernard. Pownall’s Topographical Description and its important map gives the best picture of the interior of North America as it was understood in the year of American independence. HOWES P543, “b.” STREETER SALE 826. BUCK 28a. BELL P470. SABIN 64835. VAIL 651. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 40. $32,500.

129. [Pownall, Thomas]: A MEMORIAL, MOST HUMBLY AD- DRESSED TO THE SOVEREIGNS OF EUROPE, ON THE PRES- ENT STATE OF AFFAIRS, BETWEEN THE OLD AND NEW WORLD. London. 1780. [2],viii,127pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Minor shelf wear. Minor scattered foxing. Very good. In a red half morocco and cloth folder.

By 1780, Pownall, long considered sympathetic to the position of the American colonists, was finishing a lengthy career in Parliament. His work discusses the importance to Europe of the American Revolution and the ideas it espoused. It also considers the political, economic, and trade consequences for the nations of Europe of an independent America. Pownall’s work was quite popular and was quickly translated into French, with the assistance and encouragement of John Adams. ESTC N4078. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 80-67a. HOWES P542, “aa.” $2250.

130. Price, Richard: OBSERVATIONS ON THE NATURE OF CIVIL LIBERTY, THE PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT, AND THE JUSTICE AND POLICY OF THE WAR WITH AMERICA.... London printed, Boston, re-printed: T. & J. Fleet, 1776. 71pp. Modern half calf and marbled boards. Contemporary ownership inscription on titlepage. Titlepage moderately toned, some light scattered foxing to text. Very good.

Price was a well-known British Presbyterian minister and the author of several notable books about moral philosophy and economics. He was particularly friendly with a number of Americans, and vigorously argued their part in the British debate over colonial taxation and government. This is one of the most influential political pamphlets written by an Englishman who sympathized with the American colonies. “It is said that the encouragement derived from this book had no inconsiderable share in determining the Americans to declare their independence” – DNB. Price was later offered honorary American citizenship by the Continental Congress, which he declined. This work first appeared in February 1776 in London and went through numerous editions. American editions are quite rare. HOWES P586. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 224w. AMERICAN CONTRO- VERSY 76-118 (British ed). EVANS 15032. SABIN 65452. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 38 (ref ). $2250.

131. Price, Richard: ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE NA- TURE AND VALUE OF CIVIL LIBERTY, AND THE WAR WITH AMERICA: ALSO OBSERVATIONS ON SCHEMES FOR RAISING MONEY BY PUBLIC LOANS; AN HISTORICAL DE- DUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONAL DEBT; AND A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE DEBTS AND RESOURCES OF FRANCE. London: Printed for T. Cadell, 1777. xvi,176pp. Dbd. Early ink and pencil notes in several margins. Very good. Untrimmed.

This is a sequel to Price’s Observations on the Nature of Civil Liberty. Price was a well-known British Presbyterian minister and the author of several notable books about moral philosophy and economics. He was particularly friendly with a number of Americans and vigorously argued their part in the British debate over colonial taxation and government. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 77-75a. SABIN 65444. HOWES P583. $1000.

Ordinances of the Government of Quebec in the Midst of the American Revolution, Printed by Quebec’s First Printer

132. [Quebec – Laws and Statutes]: ORDINANCES MADE AND PASSED BY THE GOVERNOR AND LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. Quebec: Wil- liam Brown, 1780. [3],1-86,[1, blank]pp. (p.1 beginning on verso of French title-leaf resulting in even number pages on recto). Titles and text in English and French, woodcut royal seal on titlepages, ornamental headpieces. Fo- lio. Expertly bound to style in half russia and 18th-century marbled boards. Very good.

Several of the ordinances made in 1779 and 1780 concern the regulation of wheat and flour, no doubt due to high demand and inflation brought about the American Revolution. Other laws concern regulations relating to the police, public ferries and carriages, payment of debts, judicial fees, etc. The printer’s journal reveals that 200 copies of these ordinances were printed for the government. William Brown, following an apprenticeship to William Dunlap in Philadelphia and a brief period of printing in Barbados, began printing in Quebec in 1764 on the first press in the province and among the earliest in all of Canada. He is noted for his publication there of the Quebec Gazette, the first periodical in the province, but also printed on behalf of the government, including the present Ordinances, as well as private publications. Brown’s press is described by Tremaine as “the most important printing office in eighteenth century Canada both in the amount and variety of its production and as a source of supplies and personnel for other printers.” TREMAINE 343. SABIN 67030. ESTC W41601. $8000.

A Crucial Revolutionary Pamphlet

133. Quincy, Josiah, Jr.: OBSERVATIONS ON THE ACT OF PARLIA- MENT, COMMONLY CALLED THE BOSTON PORT-BILL; WITH THOUGHTS ON CIVIL SOCIETY AND STANDING ARMIES. London: Reprinted for Edward and Charles Dilly, 1774. [6],80pp. Lacks the half title. 20th-century half morocco and cloth, spine gilt. Extremi- ties worn. Light foxing. About very good. In a half morocco and cloth folder.

This pamphlet presents a strong indictment of the bill, which established the blockade of the Boston harbor. The Boston Port Bill was the first of the Intolerable Acts passed against Boston in the wake of the Boston Tea Party in December 1773. It galvanized public opinion in the colonies and led directly to the calling of the First Continental Congress. Quincy was a leading figure in Massachusetts patriotic circles. In this work he excoriates Parliament for punishment of a whole community in response to the acts of private persons, likewise attacking standing armies as “armed monsters”; “fatal to religion, morals, and social happiness” as well as liberty. An important argument against the Crown’s unjust actions, and a critical political expression of the Revolution. This is the first British edition. HOWES Q18. ESTC T96311. SABIN 67192. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 132c. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 18 (ref ). $6500. 134. Raynal, Guillaume Thomas François: RÉVOLUTION DE L’AMÉRIQUE. London [but probably Paris]. 1781. xiv,[2],183pp. Engraved frontispiece portrait. Contemporary blue paper wrappers, manuscript label. Spine and label chipped, spine reinforced with contemporary paper. Minor soiling to wrappers. Negligible foxing. Very good.

A variant of the first edition of this so-called “unauthorized printing” of an excerpt from the Abbé Raynal’s Histoire Philosophique et Poli- tique. Howes gives Geneva as a probable place of publication and describes the issue at hand as a reprinting of the original issue of the same year, but with a different pagination and the added portrait of the Abbé Raynal. Adams contends this issue was printed in Paris, which is likely the case. “Intended to supplement the author’s earlier history of European trade in the two Indies. An enterprising printer secured the manuscript and without consent issued simul- taneous English and French editions” – Howes. HOWES R85. SABIN 68102. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 81-59b. REESE, REVOLU- TIONARY HUNDRED 68. GEPHART 1025. $1000.

The Revolutionary Laws of Rhode Island

135. [Rhode Island Laws]: [A MONUMENTAL RUN OF NINETY- NINE REVOLUTIONARY WAR PERIOD RHODE ISLAND SES- SION LAWS, 1770 – 1783]. Providence, Newport, Attleboro, & Rehoboth. 1770-1790. Ninety-nine separate imprints bound into fourteen volumes. Fo- lio. Uniform 20th-century buckram, gilt leather labels. Some leaves detached, clipped, or chipped. Some repairs, occasional toning or tanning, some small ink library stamps, scattered contemporary ink marginalia, some dampstaining, an occasional closed tear. Some leaves closely trimmed, a handful of leaves in early manuscript facsimile. Overall, a very good set in decent condition.

An unprecedented assemblage of Rhode Island colonial and early state laws, most printed during the Revolutionary War. The great majority of the imprints are signed at the end by the Secretary of the colony and then State of Rhode Island, Henry Ward, who served in that position from December 1760 to November 1797. Almost all retain the official seal affixed to the front page of each imprint. The first thirty-two imprints represent Rhode Island colonial law, but beginning in July 1776, the word “Colony” becomes “State” and remains so from then on. In the August 1772 session the assembly addresses the Gaspée Affair:

Whereas his Honor the Governor hath laid before this Assembly a full and particular Narrative of the Measures he hath pursued in Consequence of the burning of His Majesty’s Schooner, the Gaspee; and of the Steps he hath taken to discover the Perpetrators of that atrocious Piece of Villainy.

The assembly then proceeds to offer a reward of £100 sterling to anyone who discovers the guilty parties of the “said Crime.” The Gaspee Affair was a significant incident in Rhode Island in the lead-up to the American Revolution. On June 9, 1772 near the city of Warwick, Rhode Island, a British customs ship called the Gaspee ran aground in shallow water while chasing a packet boat. Shortly after the wreck a group of American colonists (Providence members of the Sons of Liberty, in fact) attacked, boarded, looted, and torched the ship, putting a bullet in the ship’s lieutenant in the process. The British government investigated the affair, intend- ing to find enough evidence to try the culprits for treason. The inquiry failed to obtain sufficient evidence, and the matter was closed. News of the incident spread throughout the colonies. Committees of correspondence in Boston, Virginia, and other parts of Colonial British America were especially concerned with the prospect of Americans being sent to England for trial. A popular pamphlet utilized the Gaspee incident, and it became an early rallying cry from those colonists focused on ending British rule in America. The affair was one of the most significant events in Rhode Island on the road to revolution. There is a voluminous amount in these imprints regarding the American Revolu- tion. For instance, in the July 1776 imprint, a rather important month for American independence, the Rhode Island legislature passed an act that punished anyone who acknowledged “the King of Great-Britain to be their Sovereign” with a fine of £100 sterling. This act is also the first here to refer to the Declaration of Independence when it mentions “the General Congress of the United States of America, by their Resolution of the Fourth Instant....” Subsequent months and years see the assembly form military units; provide supplies, provisions, regulations, and pay to the troops; institute a draft; and much more. The laws for February 1778 include a resolution to appoint three delegates empowered to sign the Articles of Confederation for Rhode Island. In fact, 1778 was a particularly busy year for the state. France had formally allied itself with the American forces early in the year, and together the two allies fought against the British at the Battle of Rhode Island (also known as the Battle of Quaker Hill or the Siege of Newport) in August. Several resolutions in these session laws address supplies, the wounded, prisoner exchanges, and more related to the war effort against “the Enemy at Rhode-Island,” which the American and French forces were fighting in Newport and Aquidneck Island. In the summer of 1780, Rhode Island again played a crucial role in the alliance between the United States and France, assisting the French forces under the command of Lieut. Gen. Rochambeau in landing at Newport. The French forces were on their way to join Gen. Washington’s army as part of the “Expédition Particulière” or “Special Expedition,” an effort to send French infantry reinforcements to America. They would wait in Newport for an entire year before joining Washington’s army for a planned but aborted attack on New York City before marching south to Virginia, eventually assisting to defeat the British at Yorktown. Numerous resolutions starting in July 1780 address the French in Newport, including providing housing to French Commissary-General Lewis Ethis de Corny, making way for the French army to use the ferries between Providence and Newport, drafting a “congratulatory Address to the Commanders of the French Army and Fleet, on their arrival in this State,” drafting an address to Rochambeau, and preparing a “Dinner and Entertainment” for the arriving French forces on Aug. 10. In May 1781 the assembly passed a resolution to provide teams for moving the French army from Newport to Providence, the first step in Rochambeau’s march from Newport to join Washington’s forces. A detailed list of the individual imprints is available upon request. EVANS 11832-35, 12211-14, 12538-41, 12974-77, 13567-71, 14418-23, 15043-54, 15560-72, 16030-37, 16486-93, 16961-69, 17327-35, 17691-97, 18150-54. ALDEN 449-51, 474-77, 495-98, 521-24, 552-56, 616-20, 646-57, 685-91, 724-27, 779-85, 920, 990, 1020, 991, 828, 1021, 1022, 1085, 1158, 1052, 1210, 1023, 1159, 870, 921, 922, 871, 872, 873, 923, 924, 925, 956, 926, 927, 957, 1024, 1025, 1160, 1161, 1162. $13,500.

136. [Robinson, Matthew, Baron Rokeby]: CONSIDERATIONS ON THE MEASURES CARRYING ON WITH RESPECT TO THE BRIT- ISH COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA. London: Printed. Boston Re-printed: Edes and Gill, 1774. 64pp. Half title. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Contemporary ownership signature and ink note on half title, Latin phrase in a contemporary hand at conclusion of text. Very good. Untrimmed.

The first Boston edition, following the London edition of the same year. This is one of six American editions (three in Boston alone) published in 1774. Robinson was very sympathetic to the cause of the American colonists, and his pamphlet was certainly popular with the more radical element in the colonies. The author is highly critical of Lord North’s administration, but Franklin is taken to task as well as a troublemaker. The Monthly Review described the author, Baron Rokeby, as “of the most candid and best informed of any of the late writers on the interests of Great Britain and her colonies.” HOWES R372. EVANS 13582. ESTC W30497. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 134f. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-68a (note). SABIN 72151 (note). $850.

The “Holster Atlas”: One of the Most Important Atlases of the American Revolution, Designed for Use in the Field

137. Sayer, Robert, and John Bennett [publishers]: THE AMERICAN MILITARY POCKET ATLAS; BEING AN APPROVED COLLEC- TION OF CORRECT MAPS, BOTH GENERAL AND PARTIC- ULAR, OF THE BRITISH COLONIES; ESPECIALLY THOSE WHICH NOW ARE, OR PROBABLY MAY BE THE THEATRE OF WAR: TAKEN PRINCIPALLY FROM THE ACTUAL SUR- VEYS AND JUDICIOUS OBSERVATIONS OF ENGINEERS... AND OTHER OFFICERS EMPLOYED IN HIS MAJESTY’S FLEETS AND ARMIES. London: Printed for R. Sayer and J. Bennet, [1776]. Titlepage, 2pp. dedication to “Gov. Pownall,” 2pp. “Advertisement,” 1p. “List of maps”; and six folding engraved maps, all handcolored in outline, all cut into sections, hinged with linen and folded. Quarto. Expertly bound to style in 18th-century three-quarter russia and contemporary marbled boards, spine gilt. Large triangle from upper outer corner of dedication leaf torn away without affecting the text, else very good.

The “Holster Atlas” was issued at the suggestion of Gov. George Pownall and included the “maps that the British high command regarded as providing essential topographical information in the most convenient form” (Schwartz & Ehrenberg). This collection of maps was published by Sayer and Bennet at the beginning of the Revolution for the use of British officers. “Surveys and Topographical Charts being fit only for a Library, such maps as an Officer may take with him into the Field have been much wanted. The following Collection forms a Portable Atlas of North America, calculated in its Bulk and Price to suit the Pockets of Officers of all Ranks” (Advertisement). Although the publishers claimed the atlas would fit into an officer’s pocket, it was more usually carried in a holster and thus gained its nickname. The atlas was generally bound in an octavo format, though in the case of this copy, it has been bound in quarto boards. The six maps are as follows:

1) Dunn, Samuel: North America, as Divided Amongst the European Powers. By Samuel Dunn, Mathematician. London: printed for Robt. Sayer, Jan. 10, 1774. Engraved map, handcolored in outline, 13¾ x 19 inches. Engraved for Dunn’s A New Atlas (London, 1774). 2) Dunn, Samuel: A Compleat Map of the West Indies, Containing the Coasts of Florida, Louisiana, New Spain, and Terra Firma: with All the Islands. London: Robt. Sayer, Jan. 10, 1774. Engraved map, handcolored in outline (14 x 19 inches). Engraved for Dunn’s A New Atlas (London, 1774). The “Advertisement” describes these first two maps as “a general map of the part of the globe, called North America, and a second general map of those islands, shores, gulfs, and bays, which form what is commonly called the West Indies; these we consider as introductory, and as giving a general idea, and we trust a just one.” 3) A General Map of the Northern British Colonies in America. Which Comprehends the Province of Quebec, the Government of Newfoundland, Nova-Scotia, New-England and New-York. From the Maps Published by the Admiralty and Board of Trade, Regulated by the Astronomic and Trigonometric Observations of Major Holland and Corrected from Governor Pownall’s Late Map 1776. London: Robt. Sayer & Jno. Bennet, Aug. 14, 1776. Engraved map, handcolored in outline (20 x 27¾ inches). First state, also issued as a separate map. This map was re-issued in 1788 with the title changed to reflect the new political realities. McCORKLE 776.11. SELLERS & VAN EE 143. STEVENS & TREE 65. 4) Evans, Lewis: A General Map of the Middle British Colonies, in America. Containing Virginia, Maryland, the Delaware Counties, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. With the Addition of New York, and the Greatest Part of New England, as Also of the Bordering Parts of the Province of Quebec, Improved from Several Surveys Made After the Late War, and Corrected from Governor Pownall’s Late Map 1776. London: R. Sayer & J. Bennet, Oct. 15, 1776. Engraved map, handcolored in outline (20¼ x 28 inches). Based on Lewis Evans’ map of 1755, with additions and corrections. STEPHENSON & McKEE, VIRGINIA, p.82 (an image of the Evans map). 5) Romans, Bernard: A General Map of the Southern British Colonies, in America. Comprehending North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, with the Neighbouring Indian Countries. From the Modern Surveys of Engineer de Brahm, Capt. Collet, Mouzon & Others; and from the Large Hydrographical Survey of the Coasts of East and West Florida. By B. Romans. London: R. Sayer & J. Bennett [sic], Oct. 15, 1776. Engraved map, handcolored in outline (20¾ x 27 inches). Based on charts and maps by Roman and others. 6) Brassier, William Furness: A Survey of Lake Champlain Including Lake George, Crown Point and St. John, Surveyed by Order of...Sr. Jeffery Amherst...by William Brassier, Draughtsman. 1762. London: Robt. Sayer & Jno. Bennet, Aug. 5, 1776. Engraved map, handcolored in outline (28 x 20½ inches). Also issued as the first separately published map of Lake Champlain, this excellent detailed chart was based on a survey made during the French and Indian War, but not published until the Revolution. The map was issued in two states and is included here in its appropriate (and preferred) second state, illustrating the very first battle fought by the U.S. Navy: the Battle of Valcour Island, which transpired near present-day Plattsburgh, New York. Also included is an inset illustrating America’s first naval battle, in which General Benedict Arnold, though forced back down the lake, was able to delay the British attempt to descend to the Hudson for that year. No mention, of course, is made of Ethan Allen’s taking of Fort Ticonderoga in 1775.

An important collection of Revolutionary-era American maps. FITE & FREEMAN, A BOOK OF OLD MAPS, pp.212-16. HOWES A208. NEBEN- ZAHL, ATLAS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, pp.61-63. PHILLIPS ATLASES 1206. RUMSEY, p.311. SABIN 1147. SCHWARTZ & EHRENBERG, p.190. STREETER SALE 73. CLARK I:189. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 45. $26,500.

Tarred, Feathered, and Nailed to the Whipping Post

138. [Seabury, Samuel]: AN ALARM TO THE LEGISLATURE OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW-YORK, OCCASIONED BY THE PRESENT POLITICAL DISTURBANCES, IN NORTH AMERICA: AD- DRESSED TO THE HONOUR- ABLE REPRESENTATIVES IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY CON- VENED. New York: Printed for James Rivington, 1775. 13,[2]pp. Modern half morocco and marbled boards. Heavy stains in margins. Contemporary ownership signature on titlepage. Good. Untrimmed.

An important installment in Samuel Sea- bury’s series of pamphlets attacking the policies of the Continental Congress and other Revolutionary bodies. Seabury, the leading Tory spokesman in the American colonies, here addresses the Legislature of New York: “Only shew your willingness towards an accommodation, by acknowl- edging the supreme legislative authority of Great-Britain, and I dare confidently pronounce the attainment of whatever you with propriety, can ask, and the legislature of Great-Britain with honour concede.” Needless to say, Seabury was unpopular. His works were frequently tarred, feathered, and nailed to a whipping post. Scarce. EVANS 14453. SABIN 78559. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 194. ESTC W37163. HEWLETT 194. $3000. Extra-Illustrated

139. Seward, Anna: MONODY ON MAJOR ANDRE. TO WHICH ARE ADDED LETTERS ADDRESSED TO HER BY MAJOR ANDRE, IN THE YEAR 1769. Lichfield. 1781. vi,47pp., extra-illustrated with nine plates. Lacks the half title. Quarto. Modern paneled calf, boards and spine gilt, leather labels. Extremities lightly rubbed, boards lightly scuffed. Bright and clean internally. Very good.

An extra-illustrated copy of the second edition, after the first of the same year, of this tribute to the unfortunate André. This edition includes verses “To Miss Seward” by W. Hayley. The added plates include portraits of the principal players in the story, including Major André, George Washington, Benedict Arnold, and the author, as well as a print of the capture of André and of the elaborate funeral monu- ment. Also tipped in is a copy of the satirical cartoon, “The Loss of Eden and Eden Lost,” published in London in 1785, which mocks the easy treachery of Benedict Arnold. SABIN 79478. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 81-65b. ESTC T41383. $2500.

140. Sharp, Granville: A DECLARATION OF THE PEOPLE’S NATU- RAL RIGHT TO A SHARE IN THE LEGISLATURE; WHICH IS THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF THE BRITISH CON- STITUTION OF STATE. London. 1775. [4],xl,279pp. plus 4pp. of advertisements. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Very minor foxing. Very good.

Self-styled second edition, though significantly expanded from the original thirty- two-page pamphlet which appeared the same year. A strong argument for popular representation. “A powerful influence in determining colonial resistance” – Howes. ESTC T32192. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-72b. HOWES S331. SABIN 79813. $1000.

141. Shebbeare, John: AN ANSWER TO THE QUERIES CONTAINED IN A LETTER TO DR. SHEBBEARE...TOGETHER WITH ANI- MADVERSIONS ON TWO SPEECHES IN DEFENCE OF THE PRINTERS OF A PAPER, SUBSCRIBED A SOUTH BRITON.... London. [1774]. 179pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Internally clean. Near fine. In a half morocco and cloth folder.

A relatively scarce work by the prolific British political writer and physician, John Shebbeare. The chief interest for Americanists lies in Shebbeare’s discussion of the Quebec Act and his lengthy consideration of the question of the taxation of the American colonies. Usually a critic of the British monarchy, Shebbeare here defends the policies of George III toward the colonies. With regard to the Ameri- cans (“republican malcontents”), he scoffs at the notion that they are being taxed without representation and asserts that they should fulfill their duties as British subjects. He also undertakes a long diatribe against King William III, though criticism of dead kings had earned Shebbeare jail time in the past. The publication date is commonly ascribed as 1775, but Adams notes that copies in the British Library and the Walpole Library in Farmington, Connecticut have notes indicating purchase in November 1774. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-73a. SABIN 80040. ESTC N15230. $1000.

142. Shipley, Jonathan: A SPEECH INTENEDD [sic] TO HAVE BEEN SPOKEN IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS, ON THE BILL FOR AL- TERING THE CHARTER OF THE COLONY OF MASSACHU- SETT’S-BAY. Salem, N.E.: Printed and sold by E. Russell, 1774. 16pp. Half title. Antique-style half calf. Early ownership signature on titlepage of Richard Dexter. Quite tanned, scattered foxing. Good.

A rare American printing of Shipley’s popular defense of colonial rights. Originally published in London in 1774, it went through a number of American editions that same year. When Parliament wanted to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party, Shipley published this ringing defense of American liberty. Shipley was the Bishop of St. Asaph and his pro-American speech became immediately popular in the colonies. “It was considered a masterpiece at the time” – DNB. While it is unclear why Shipley never delivered his speech, the printed version was a tremendous success, prompting Franklin to write to him, “The cause of liberty and America has been greatly obliged to you.” Of this Salem printing, ESTC locates only the copy at the American Antiquarian Society, and Adams adds only one other copy, at the Massachusetts Historical Society. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 141h. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-74A (note). SABIN 80518. EVANS 13622. ESTC W26811. HOWES S420. DNB (online). $2500.

143. Smith, William: A SERMON ON THE PRESENT SITUATION OF AMERICAN AFFAIRS. PREACHED IN CHRIST-CHURCH, JUNE 23, 1775. AT THE REQUEST OF THE OFFICERS OF THE THIRD BATTALION OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, AND DISTRICT OF SOUTHWARK. Philadelphia: James Humphreys, Jr., 1775. [4],iv,32pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Early ownership signature on titlepage. Light, even tanning, some light foxing. Overall, very good. In a half morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

An important sermon, delivered shortly after the Battle of Bunker Hill. Its author, William Smith (1727-1803), was an Anglican clergyman, teacher, and first provost of the College, Academy, and Charitable School of Philadelphia. Although Smith opposed the Stamp Act and argued strongly for full rights and representation of the American colonies, he did not favor independence – a position that placed him, at the outset of the Revolution, in “an embarrassing predicament” (DAB). The present sermon, preached before Congress at Christ Church, Philadelphia, June 28, 1775, “...created a great sensation. It went through many editions and was translated into several foreign languages. It opposed British measures and awakened patriotism, but in its preface Smith professed himself as ‘ardently panting for a return of those Halcyon-days of harmony’ and as ‘animated with purest zeal for the mutual interests of Great-Britain and the Colonies’” (DAB). American Independence lists fifteen issues and editions of this text for 1775; of these, 196a and 196b (the present issue) are first, with Adams noting that no attempt has been made to determine priority between the two issues. ESTC W29211. EVANS 14459. BRISTOL B4116. HILDEBURN 3288. HOWES S697. SABIN 84651. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 196b. DAB XVII, pp.353-57. $1000.

144. Soulés, François: HISTOIRE DES TROUBLES DE L’AMÉRIQUE ANGLAISE, ECRITE SUR LES MÉMOIRES LES PLUS AU- THENTIQUES.... Paris. 1787. Four volumes. [8],379,[3]-6; [4],365; 420; [4],272,43pp. (with many misnumberings). Three folding maps, two printed on blue paper. Half titles. Half sheep and red boards, spines gilt, edges sprinkled red. Slight edge wear, spines chipped. Bookplates on front pastedowns. Light tanning, sacttered foxing, maps excellent. Very good.

Second, enlarged, and best edition, enlarged with the help of Thomas Jefferson. “In its completed form the best French history of this war; Rochambeau aided in its preparation” – Howes. An excellent work, covering the history of the colonies from 1768 through 1783, with an emphasis on French and Spanish participation, and the signing of the treaty at Paris. All experts agree with Howes that this is the best French history of the Revolution. This set contains three maps: a large one of the United States, a map of the area around Yorktown, and a map of the Chesapeake showing the marches of the French and American troops. SABIN 87290. HOWES S770. GEPHART 1031. $2000.

145. [Stamp Act]: THE NECESSITY OF REPEALING THE AMERI- CAN STAMP-ACT DEMONSTRATED: OR, A PROOF THAT GREAT-BRITAIN MUST BE INJURED BY THAT ACT. IN A LETTER TO A MEMBER OF THE BRITISH HOUSE OF COM- MONS. London: Printed for J. Almon, 1766 [i.e. 1765]. 46,[1]pp. Modern marbled paper wrappers, laid in. Very good.

An important political pamphlet in which the author urges the overturning of the Stamp Act due to the increasingly bitter colonial response. Assuring his readers that the colonists bring no immediate threat of military force, “they are neither able nor desirous to contend with their mother country,” he instead warns of the effects on British trade with the colonies. Because of the great expense, he argues, the colonists might either refuse or be unable to continue to support the trade and thusly bring about economic ruin. A British citizen who resided in the colonies for several years, the author cautions, on behalf of the Americans, “they will never consent to enrich us, while they think we oppress them; they will never treat us with the respect due to parent, while they think we treat them as slaves; nor will they carry on a friendly and profitable trade with us, while they think we treat them as aliens, and load them with chains.” Adams notes the date of publication as 1765, though the titlepage reads 1766. The pamphlet was reprinted in Boston the next year. HOWES N31, “aa.” SABIN 52213. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 38a. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 65-17. $1500.

Toleration Urged

146. [Stamp Act]: THE LATE OCCURRENCES IN NORTH AMERI- CA, AND POLICY OF GREAT BRITAIN, CONSIDERED. London: J. Almon, 1766. [2],42,[1]pp. Modern plain blue wrappers. Light scattered foxing, else very good.

Erroneously attributed by some to John Dickinson, the anonymous author urges patience and understanding when considering the increasingly rebellious behavior of the American colonies in the wake of the Stamp Act. Always with an eye towards preserving mutually profitable trade, he writes: “Let us stroke and not stab the cow, for her milk, not her blood, can give us real nourishment and strength.” AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 66-32. SABIN 39156. $1100.

147. [Stamp Act]: PROTEST AGAINST THE BILL TO REPEAL THE AMERICAN STAMP ACT, LAST SESSION. Paris [i.e. London]. 1766. 16pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Minor foxing. Very good. In a green half morocco and cloth folder.

Scarce, separately published issue of this pamphlet, usually issued together with the Second Protest.... This work represents the hard-line position of those who wished to retain the Stamp Act despite the American protests. Only eleven copies listed by ESTC. ESTC N63493. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 66-28b. HOWES C785, “aa.” SABIN 66103. $750.

148. [Stamp Act]: SECOND PROTEST WITH A LIST OF THE VOTERS AGAINST THE BILL TO REPEAL THE AMERICAN STAMP ACT, OF LAST SESSION. Paris [i.e. London]. 1766. 15pp. Modern three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Very minor foxing and soiling. Very good.

Prints the arguments made by those members of the House of Lords who opposed a repeal of the Stamp Act. The main reason seems to be not that the tax is just, but that repealing it would set a bad precedent. This pamphlet also lists the Lords who spoke and voted against the repeal. Their votes would prove to be in vain, however, as the bill passed both houses and received royal assent on March 18, one week after the Lords’ vote. This work was also issued as part of Correct Copies of Two Protests Against the Bill to Repeal the American Stamp Act... the same year. In this issue, the first paragraph incorrectly reads: “Declaration Bill.” Only a handful of copies in ESTC. ESTC T47360. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 66-29a. HOWES C785, “aa.” $750.

149. [Stamp Act]: A SHORT HISTORY OF THE CONDUCT OF THE PRESENT MINISTRY, WITH REGARD TO THE AMERICAN STAMP ACT. London. 1766. 21,[3]pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Lightly foxed. Very good.

An account of Britain’s taxation of its North American colonies, specifically the Stamp Act. The author blames the British administration for aggravating the situation between the colonies and Great Britain by delaying a call for action on the part of Parliament. Adams cites Oliver Dickerson’s The Navigation Acts and The American Revolution (1951) as ascribing this work to James Scott. HOWES S434, “aa.” SABIN 80637 AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 66-53a. ESTC N22757. $1250.

One of the Most Important British Accounts of the Revolution

150. Stedman, Charles: THE HISTORY OF THE ORIGIN, PROGRESS, AND TERMINATION OF THE AMERICAN WAR. London: Printed for the Author, sold by J. Murray, J. Debrett and J. Kerby, 1794. Two volumes. xv,399; xv,449,[13]pp., plus fifteen engraved maps and plans (eleven folding). Half titles. Contemporary marbled calf, gilt leather labels. Front hinges rubbed, spine and extremities worn. Closed tear in leaf R3 of first volume. Bookplates on front pastedowns. Scattered light foxing, maps somewhat tanned. About very good.

A work that is fundamental to any collection of books relating to the American Revolution. Stedman’s History is “generally considered the best contemporary account of the Revolution written from the British side” (Sabin). Stedman was a native of Philadelphia, a Loyalist who served as an officer under Howe, Clinton, and Cornwallis, and later became an examiner of Loyalist claims for the British government. He had firsthand knowledge of many of the campaigns and persons involved in the effort. He is critical of Howe, and describes all the major theatres of war, as well as individual battles from Bunker Hill to Yorktown. The beautifully engraved maps (the largest of which is approximately 20 x 30 inches) constitute the finest collection of plans assembled by an eyewitness. They depict the sieges of Savannah and Charlestown, plus the battles of Saratoga, Cam- den, Guilford, Hobkirk’s Hill, and Yorktown. HOWES S914, “b.” JCB II:372. LOWNDES V, p.2504. SABIN 91057. WINSOR VI, p.518. NEBENZAHL, BATTLE PLANS OF THE REVOLUTION 29, 55, 57, 76, 87, 90-93, 101, 113, 116, 139, 184, 201. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 89. $15,000.

151. Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, Baron von: REGULATIONS FOR THE ORDER AND DISCIPLINE OF THE TROOPS OF THE UNITED STATES. PART I [all published]. Hart- ford: Printed by Hudson and Goodwin, [1782?] 138,[6]pp. plus eight folding plates. Contemporary calf. Head of spine chipped, extremities rubbed. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Light foxing and soiling. Plate I repaired at two folds. A few small chips or edge tears to other plates. Very good.

A comparatively nice copy of this important military manual, which was written expressly for the use of American troops during the Revolutionary War and first published in 1779. The German-born Steuben, well-trained in the highly disciplined military system developed under Frederick the Great, served as inspector general of the Continental Army. In this capacity he wrote his Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States on orders from the Continental Congress. First published in 1779, the work became the standard text for the Continental Army and the United States Army into the early 19th century. Fifty editions, abridge- ments, extracts, and adaptations were printed before 1800. Steuben’s contribution to American independence can not be underestimated. “He was unrivaled among the citizens of the new nation as an expert on military affairs. His introduction of European military concepts to the Continental army marks the beginning of a truly professional military tradition in the United States” – ANB. This edition was published three years after the first edition, and is one of two editions printed in Hartford circa 1782 by Hudson and Goodwin. While most references cite this imprint as having a date of 1782, the American Antiquarian Society asserts a publication date of 1787 based on an advertisement in the Con- necticut Courant in March of that year. A good copy, in a contemporary binding, of an early printing of the first military manual devised for the Continental Army, a foundation work for American military history and the Revolutionary War. SHIPTON & MOONEY 44279. EVANS 20780. BRISTOL B5608. TRUMBULL, CONNECTICUT 2638. HOWES S951, “aa.” SABIN 91398. REESE, REVOLUTION- ARY HUNDRED 59 (ref ). $3000. Key Revolutionary Work

152. Tarleton, Banastre, Lieut.-Col.: A HISTORY OF THE CAMPAIGNS OF 1780 AND 1781, IN THE SOUTHERN PROVINCES OF NORTH AMERICA. London: Printed for T. Cadell, 1787. vii,[1],518pp. (including errata) plus folding engraved map with routes marked by hand in color; and four engraved plans (two folding), with positions and troop movements marked by hand in colors. Quarto. Bound to style in half 18th-century russia and contemporary marbled boards, spine gilt, red morocco label. Very good.

A key work concerning the southern campaigns of the American Revolution. Tar- leton, the commander of a Tory cavalry unit, the British Legion, served in America from May 1776 through the siege of Yorktown. He was infamous for his brutal tactics and hard-riding attacks. His narrative is one of the principal British accounts of the Revolution, notable for his use of original documents, a number of which are included as notes following the relevant chapters. The handsome maps and plans include “The Marches of Lord Cornwallis in the Southern Provinces...” showing the Carolinas, Maryland, Virginia, and Delaware (with routes traced by hand in color); and plans of the siege of Charlestown, the battles of Camden and Guildford, and the siege of Yorktown. HOWES T37, “b.” CHURCH 1224. CLARK I:317. SABIN 94397. REESE, REVOLU- TIONARY HUNDRED 85. $8500.

153. [Tod, Thomas]: CONSOLATORY THOUGHTS ON AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE; SHEWING THE GREAT ADVANTAGES THAT WILL ARISE FROM IT TO THE MANUFACTURES, THE AGRICULTURE, AND COMMERCIAL INTEREST OF BRITAIN AND IRELAND...By a Merchant. Edinburgh: Printed by James Donald- son, 1782. [4],68pp. Modern calf, raised bands. Internally clean. Near fine.

A rare Revolutionary tract, written in part as a response to Thomas Somerville’s Candid Thoughts (1781). Tod points to the great economic advantages that might develop for England as a consequence of American independence. HOWES T281. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 82-89. SABIN 96076. $1000.

154. [Towry, George Phillips]: OCCASIONAL LETTERS UPON TAX- ATION; UPON THE MEANS OF RAISING THE SUPPLIES WITHIN THE YEAR, TO ANSWER THE EXPENCES OF A NECESSARY WAR; AND UPON SUCH MEASURES AS WOULD PROBABLY TEND TO SECURE GREAT-BRITAIN AND ITS NATURAL DEPENDENCIES THE BLESSINGS OF PEACE UPON A DURABLE SYSTEM. London. 1780. [4],86pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper labels. Very minor foxing and soiling. Very good plus. In a half morocco and cloth folder.

Collection of letters published in local newspapers and assembled here by the author, identified as George Phillips Towry by presentation inscriptions in copies at the University of Michigan and the John Carter Brown Library. Towry was a naval officer who served in the Americas for some time. In his preface he notes that his object “is truly no other than to promote national security and permanent peace; which to him seems irreconcilable with [Britain’s] retention of so many remote, and several of them burthensome, or unproductive territories, bordering upon the dominions of other powerful states; or holding it as a state maxim, that the colonies and our sister island ought to be subject to our Parliament, especially when it cannot be made to appear to be either to their interest, or to that of the community at large, that such a system should continue to exist for the future.” Scarce. Only a handful of copies in ESTC, and no copies appearing in auction records for the past forty years. ESTC T107848. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 80-87. SABIN 56626. $2750.

England and France Agree on a Resolution to the American Revolution

155. [Treaties of Paris – Great Britain and France]: PRELIMINARY AR- TICLES OF PEACE, BETWEEN HIS BRITANNICK MAJES- TY, AND THE MOST CHRISTIAN KING. SIGNED AT VER- SAILLES, THE 20th OF JANUARY, 1783. London. 1783. 14pp. Quarto. Antique half calf and marbled boards. Some minimal old ink underscoring, else a near fine copy, untrimmed.

The first British publication of the terms of peace agreed upon between France and England after the American Revolution. The French had hoped to obtain more from England in the final peace settlement, but De Grasse’s catastrophic naval loss to Rodney in the Caribbean in 1782 weakened their position, and the American commissioners forced their hand by coming to their own accord with the British on Nov. 30, 1782. By this treaty the British cede Newfoundland fishing rights, return St. Lucia and Tobago to France, and France gives back Nevis, Grenada, St. Kitts, Montserrat and St. Vincent to the British, as well as territorial exchanges in India. This treaty was vital to the final resolution of the American Revolution, since the United States was pledged to move with France as an ally, and was not in a position to settle without her. The final treaties of all the warring powers were signed on Nov. 3, 1783. DAVENPORT 169. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 83-45. $6500.

England Gives Up Spain to Florida

156. [Treaties of Paris – Great Britain and Spain]: PRELIMINARY AR- TICLES OF PEACE, BETWEEN HIS BRITANNICK MAJESTY, AND THE KING OF SPAIN. SIGNED AT VERSAILLES, THE 20th OF JANUARY, 1783. London. 1783. 10pp. printed in double-column format in parallel French and English. Small quarto. Dbd. Some old minor ink underscoring. Else very good. Untrimmed. In a half morocco box.

The official English publication of the preliminary articles of peace between Spain and England. By this treaty an armistice was concluded, Britain gave back the Floridas to Spain, and Spain restored the Bahamas to England. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 83-44. DAVENPORT 170. $4000.

Item 157. Probably the Earliest American Printing of the Preliminary Treaties Ending the American Revolution

157. [Treaty of Paris]: SUPPLEMENT TO THE PENNSYLVANIA PACKET. WEDNESDAY APRIL 9, 1783....AUTHENTIC COPY OF THE PRELIMINARY ARTICLES OF PEACE [caption title]. Philadelphia: Printed by David C. Claypoole, [1783]. Broadside, approximately 20 x 10¾ inches, printed in three columns. Dbd. Unevenly trimmed at lower left margin, old fold lines. Light dust soiling in margins, an occasional fox mark. About very good. In a half morocco box.

An exceptionally rare broadside printing of the preliminary peace accords between Great Britain and France and Spain, and certainly among the first American publications of the complete treaty details. British, French, Spanish, and American officials signed their agreement to the preliminary peace articles at Versailles on Jan. 20, 1783, but the initial news of the agreement did not reach the United States until the end of March. The full text of the treaties did not arrive until over a week later, according to the printer David Claypoole, who states at the top of this broadside that he, “takes the earliest Op- portunity of laying before the Public the following most important Intelligence, brought to town last Evening from New York, where it was received on Saturday (i.e. April 5, 1783) afternoon by a packet from England.” New York, at this point, was still in British hands, so the text would have arrived there in an English boat and then crossed the military lines. These articles were reprinted the next day in the full newspaper edition of the Packet, alongside the text of the preliminary agreement between Great Britain and the United States. In her treaty with France, Great Britain returned St. Lucia to the French, ceded Tobago, and recognized the French claim to the tiny Canadian islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon (still French colonies today) while recovering Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts, Nevis, and Montserrat in the Caribbean, and Fort St. Jean (i.e. St. John’s) in New Brunswick, all seized by the French in the course of the conflict. With regard to Spain, Britain kept Gibraltar while Spain took back Minorca and West Florida (which had been ceded to the English in 1763), and effectively swapped New Providence Island and the rest of the Bahamas to England for East Florida, another “possession” which proved impossible to exploit. An important notice, with full details confirming the official beginning of the end of the war for American Independence. ESTC locates only one copy of this significant broadside, at the Clements Library. BRISTOL B5781. SHIPTON & MOONEY, 44486. ESTC W36642. $20,000.

158. Trumbull, Benjamin: A DISCOURSE, DELIVERED AT THE AN- NIVERSARY MEETING OF THE FREEMEN OF THE TOWN OF NEW-HAVEN, APRIL 12, 1773. New Haven: Printed by Thomas and Samuel Green, 1773. [3]-38pp. Printed self-wrappers, stitched. Light staining on lower front wrapper. Very good. Untrimmed.

A civic speech by the pastor of the church in North Haven, with strong Revolu- tionary overtones. EVANS 13049. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 101. SABIN 97184. $650.

159. Tucker, Josiah: A LETTER TO EDMUND BURKE, ESQ....IN ANSWER TO HIS PRINTED SPEECH. Glocester: R. Raikes, 1775. 58,[2]pp. Extra-illustrated with an engraved frontispiece of Westminster Hall. Handsome 20th-century maroon calf, gilt. Small leather bookplate on front pastedown. Internally clean. Very good.

The rare first edition of Tucker’s detailed reply to Edmund Burke’s Speech...on Moving His Resolutions for Conciliation with the Colonies. Josiah Tucker was a Brit- ish economist and long-standing opponent of colonialism who wrote several tracts arguing that the British should forego their effort to retain the American colonies. In the present tract Tucker skewers the American spirit of liberty, credit-worthiness, and a variety of other qualities touted by Burke. He responds to criticism from Edmund Burke and labels the colonists “restive and untractable from the Begin- ning.” He adds that the Americans are generally unreliable, and points out the irony of colonial claims of jeopardized liberty, when the colonists themselves own “vast multitudes of slaves.” The Frank Deering copy, with his bookplate. Adams locates only sixteen copies of the first edition. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-145a. SABIN 97353. HOWES T387. $900.

The Official Printing of the First American Treaty with Any Power

160. [United States-France Treaty]: TRAITÉ D’AMITIÉ ET DE COM- MERCE, CONCLU ENTRE LE ROI ET LES ÉTATS-UNIS DE L’AMÉRIQUE SEPTENTRIONALE, LE 6 FEVRIER, 1778. Paris: de l’Imprimerie Royale, 1778. 23pp. Quarto. Antique-style half calf and marbled boards. Contemporary ownership inscription on titlepage. Very good.

The official French printing of the first French-American treaty, the first treaty between the United States and any other country, and a decisive moment in the American Revolution. Having struggled to find allies in their fight against Eng- land, the fledgling United States achieved recognition from France when news of Burgoyne’s defeat reached Paris. In February 1778 the American commissioners, Benjamin Franklin, Arthur Lee, and Silas Deane, negotiated both the treaty of amity and commerce, published herein, and a treaty of military alliance. Because France wished to consult with its ally, Spain, the alliance treaty was not immediately published in France, and probably first appeared in print in Philadelphia; the amity and commerce treaty was published immediately, however, first appearing in this Paris edition. France and the United States grant each other most- favored-nation trade status and agree to protect each others’ commercial vessels. Both parties also agree to abstain from fishing in each others’ waters, with the United States especially agreeing to refrain from fishing on the banks of Newfoundland. Howes records two Paris editions of 1778: this official twenty-three-page printing and another of eight pages, both of which appear in the NUC, and OCLC records regional printings in Aix and possibly Grenoble. The NUC locates seven copies of this official royal printing. In twenty-five years this is only the second copy of this Paris printing we have handled. A rare edition of a treaty of the greatest importance to the United States, marking its first recognition by another power and the beginning of a relationship crucial to the winning of American independence. BRUNET I:12. MALLOY, p.468. SABIN 96565. HOWES T328. ECHEVERRIA & WILKIE 778/36. STREETER SALE 791. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 51. $25,000.

Revolutionary Laws of Virginia

161. [Virginia Laws]: [American Revolution]: AT A GENERAL ASSEM- BLY, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CAPITOL, IN THE CITY OF WILLIAMSBURG, ON MONDAY THE FIFTH DAY OF OCTO- BER, IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND SEVENTY EIGHT. Williamsburg: Alexander Purdie, [1778]. 46pp. Folio. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards, gilt, leather label. Minor foxing, text trimmed a bit close. Very good.

A rare and important Revolutionary War-era collection of Virginia session laws. One act relating to the Revolutionary War encourages soldiers in the Continental Army to continue in service by providing higher pay and discounts on common luxuries like wine, coffee, chocolate, and sugar. Later in the session the assembly partially recanted this act, declaring it “cannot be carried fully into execution without greatly distressing the publick treasury.” As a result, the provisions of the act were executed at the discretion of the governor and council. Another act calls on the governor and council to supply the American army and navy with grain and flour, and yet another act lays out guidelines for terms of service and pay for recruitment of more Virginia soldiers for the Continental Army. Other measures include an act preventing the further importation of slaves, an act extend- ing the boundary line between Virginia and North Carolina, an act suspending payment to clergy of the Church of England, and “An act for Establishing the county of Illinois” on the western side of the Mississippi river. “The General Assembly passed two acts at this session, both of which had an immediate effect throughout the colony. It prohibited the further importation of slaves into Virginia; and (because of a severe grain shortage) it prohibited the distilling of spirits from corn, wheat, rye, and other grains for a period of eight months” – Berg. Rare, with only five copies recorded in Berg. Printing would soon end in Williamsburg, as the government fled westward to escape the British in 1779. BERG 265. EVANS 16154. SWEM 7113. $11,000.

The Virginia Legislature Flees over the Blue Ridge to Escape Tarleton

162. [Virginia Laws]: [American Revolution]: ACTS PASSED AT A GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIR- GINIA, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN THE TOWN OF RICHMOND, ON MONDAY THE SEVENTH DAY OF MAY, IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD ONE THOU- SAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-ONE, AND FROM THENCE CONTINUED BY ADJOURNMENT TO THE TOWN OF STAUNTON, IN THE COUNTY OF AUGUSTA. Charlottesville: Printed by John Dunlap and James Hayes, [1781]. 18,[1]pp. Folio. Expertly bound to style in period marbled wrappers. Very good. In a modern dark blue morocco box.

An important Virginia imprint, comprising the session laws passed in June 1781, printed at the height of the American Revolution and at a critical time for the war in Virginia. While the assembly of the Commonwealth had met previously in Richmond, the recent arrival in Virginia of the Redcoats under the command of Cornwallis and Tarleton pushed the assembly further inland. As a result, the Virginia lawmakers agreed to regroup in Charlottesville at the end of May in order to hold this session of the assembly, although they ultimately met in Staunton, west of the protecting Blue Ridge. These laws were printed in Charlottesville later in 1781. Understandably, the May-June 1781 meeting was a short session for the assembly, but they still managed to pass several acts related to the war, namely an act to raise two legions for the defense of the state, an act “for establishing Martial Law within twenty miles of the American army or the enemy’s camp,” an amendment to the act for regulating the militia, a continuing act to exempt iron workers from military service, an act to empower the governor and council to supply grain and flour to the Army, an act to regulate the War Office, an act to enlist soldiers in the Continental Army, and an act to “empower the Governor and Council to fix the value of provisions impressed for the use of the army.” Rare, with only three copies in OCLC, at the New York State Library, the Library of Virginia, and the Virginia Historical Society Library. ESTC records an additional copy at the John Carter Brown Library. EVANS 17409. SWEM 7285. ESTC W23689. OCLC 7107046. $13,500.

Taken Prisoner by Indians During the Revolution

163. [Walton, William]: A NARRATIVE OF THE CAPTIVITY AND SUFFERINGS OF BENJAMIN GILBERT AND HIS FAMILY; WHO WERE SURPRISED BY THE INDIANS, AND TAKEN FROM THEIR FARMS, ON THE FRONTIERS OF PENNSYL- VANIA.... Philadelphia, Printed; London, Reprinted: James Phillips, 1785. 123,[1]pp. Late 19th-century three-quarter green morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities lightly worn. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Very minor soiling, but generally quite clean internally. Very good.

The first British edition of this rare captivity narrative, after the first edition printed in Philadelphia the previous year. Gilbert dictated his experiences to William Wal- ton, who wrote this book. On June 25, 1780 a party of eleven Seneca Indians led by Rowland and John Montour (sons of the famous Catharine Montour) invaded frontier Pennsylvania settlements where the Gilbert homestead was located. The fifteen captives were bound with cords, their home was plundered and burned before their eyes, and they were taken to Fort Niagara, where they were divided among the Indians. Individual family members were redeemed by degrees mostly at Fort Niagara, being sent first to Montreal and then home to Pennsylvania. “Extremely valuable for its account of Indian life” – Vail. The verso of the last leaf lists other texts sold by Phillips, including one by William Penn. A most important captivity narrative, set in the Pennsylvania wilds during the Revolutionary War. FIELD 607. SABIN 27348. HOWES W80, “aa.” AYER 302. VAIL 718 (another ed). ESTC T95582. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 78 (ref ). $1500. 164. [Washington, George]: EPISTLES DOMESTIC, CONFIDENTIAL, AND OFFICIAL, FROM GENERAL WASHINGTON. WRITTEN ABOUT THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE AMERICAN CON- TEST, WHEN HE ENTERED ON THE COMMAND OF THE ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES.... New York: Printed. London: Re-printed. 1796. [iii]-xvi,303pp. Lacks the half title. Contemporary three- quarter calf and marble boards, spine gilt, leather label. Extremities rubbed, head of spine chipped. Bookplate on front pastedown. Minor scattered foxing, but generally quite clean internally. Very good.

The first British edition, following the New York edition of the same year, of this printing of the seven forged Tory letters penned under Washington’s name. “The spurious letters occupy pp.4-66, and are followed by an Appendix of miscellaneous letters” – Sabin. The forgeries were probably by John Randolph, the last royalist attorney-general of Virginia. The miscellaneous letters include correspondence with Clinton, Cornwallis, Carleton, Lafayette, and other military and political figures. SABIN 101743. HOWES W133. $750.

The Treasury Considers the Stamp Act

165. [Whately, Thomas]: THE REGULATIONS LATELY MADE CON- CERNING THE COLONIES, AND THE TAXES IMPOSED UPON THEM, CONSIDERED. London. 1765. [2],114pp. Half title. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Minor toning and soiling. Very good. In a tan half morocco and cloth folder.

Although sometimes attributed to George Grenville, this was actually written by one of his secretaries, Thomas Whately. An important Stamp Act pamphlet, setting forth the views of the Ministry relating to its rights to taxation in the American colonies, and arguing that the American colonies are “virtually represented” in Parliament. Interesting for the conflicting response from Caribbean and North American colonies to proposed taxes. HOWES W311. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 65-27a. BEINECKE LESSER AN- TILLES COLLECTION 259. $1000.

Available on request or via our website are our recent catalogues 339 Pacific Voyages, Australia & Asia, 341 Colonial Americana, 342 Latin Americana, and 343 Recent Acquisitions; bulletins 44 Photography, 45 Natural History, and 46 Manuscripts; e-lists (only available on our website) and many more topical lists. New Publications by William Reese

THE REVOLUTIONARY HUN- DRED. New Haven: William Reese Company, 2016. viii,236pp. 100 color illustrations. Cloth, stamped in gilt. New. A guide to the most significant printed works on the era of the American Revolution, discussing publications from the first Peace of Paris at the end of the French and Indian War, to the second Peace of Paris and the end of the wars of the American Revolution, in 1783. The one hundred entries were selected on the basis of their historical importance, their impact at the time of publication, their representative nature in the spectrum of writings about the Revolution, and their interest to collectors. $125.

THE FEDERAL HUNDRED. New Haven: William Reese Company, 2017. vii,255pp. 100 color illustrations. Cloth, stamped in gilt. New.

A guide to the most significant printed works on the Federal Era, discussing events from the end of the American Revolution in 1783 to the opening of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. The one hundred entries were selected on the basis of their historical importance, their impact at the time of publication, their representative nature in the spectrum of writings about the period, and their interest to collectors. $125.