DOCSLIB.ORG

Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of Western Australia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of Western Australia Records of the Western Australian Museum 18: 361-417 (1998). Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of Western Australia Stephen D. Cairns Department of Invertebrate Zoology, MRC-163, W-329, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560, USA Abstract - One hundred five species of azooxanthellate Scleractinia are known from Western Australia. Seventy of these species are reported herein as new records for Western Australia, 57 of which are also new to Australia. Eleven new species are described. The study was based on an examination of approximately 1725 specimens from 333 stations, which resulted in additional records of 98 of the 105 known species. New material was examined from six museums, as well as the historical material of Folkeson (1919) deposited at the Swedish Museum of Natural History. A majority (69/105 species) of the azooxanthellate species known from Western Australia occur in the tropical region of the Northern Australian Tropical Province (bordered to the south by the Houtrnan Abrolhos Islands and Port Gregory), which can be considered as a southern extension of the larger Indo-West Pacific tropical realm. Nine species are endemic to this region, and the highest latitudinal attrition of species occurs between Cape Jaubert and the Dampier Archipelago. Another 20 species, also known from tropical regions, extend to varying degrees into the Southern Australian Warm Temperate Province. Twelve species are restricted to warm temperate waters of the Southern Australian Warm Temperate Region, most of these species being relatively shallow in depth distribution. A majority of species (53) occur at depths shallower than 200 m, 46 occur exclusively deeper than 200 m (to 1011 m), and 6 species cross the 200 m isobath. Commensal relationships (galls) with ascothoracidan crustaceans were found with two corals hosts (Madrepora oculata and Deltocyathus magnifieus), and with acrothoracican cirripedes (thecal borings) with six coral hosts: Flabellum politum, Tnmcatoflabellum folkesoni, T. formosum, T. australiensis, Javania lamprotichum, and Dendrophyl/ia alcocki. INTRODUCTION Western Australia, ranging from the intertidal to 1011 Veron and Marsh (1988) listed 318 species of m. These, combined with the known zooxanthellate "hermatypic" (or zooxanthellate) Scleractinia from coral fauna, result in a total of 422 scleractinian Western Australia. The term zooxanthellate simply species from Western Australia, one species, means that the coral lives in symbiosis with Heterapsammia cochlea, occurring in both forms. dinoflagellate algae and thus must occur within the The history of the azooxanthellate coral fauna of euphotic zone and in tropical to subtropical Western Australia is not lengthy. Only 13 temperatures, and usually implies that the coral publications report 35 azooxanthellate species from contributes to reef structure, although not necessarily this region, the first (Rehberg, 1892) being (Schuhmacher and Zibrowius 1985). There is, Heterocyathus pulchellus from the "Westkuste however, a second ecological class of Scleractinia Australiens", a species later synonymized with H. known as azooxanthellate corals, literally those sulcatus (Verrill, 1866) by Hoeksema and Best (1991). species that do not live symbiotically with Ten new records were added by Folkeson (1919), dinoflagellate algae. These species are not limited to resulting from collections made by E. Mj6berg's the euphotic zone or by warm temperatures and are Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia (1910­ ubiquitous, known from the Norwegian Sea to 1913). These records, which include three new Antarctica from the intertidal to 6328 m (Cairns and species and one new genus, were from WSW of Stanley 1982). Coralla of azooxanthellate species are Cape Jaubert and off Broome at depths of 11-42 m, usually small, solitary, and do not contribute to reef and include: Truncatoflabellum spheniscus (originally structure, but exceptions to all these conditions occur. reported as Flabellum rubrum, in part); T. aculeatum Approximately equal numbers of both types of coral (reported as F. rubrum, in part); T. angiostomum; species occur in the world oceans. 105 species of Placotrochus laevis; Heterocyathus aequicostatus; H. azooxanthellate corals occur off the entire coast of aIternatus; H. hemisphericus (reported as 362 S.D. Cairns Spongiocyathus typicus); Rhizosmilia multipalifera An additional record of Rhizotrochus tuberculatus (reported as Paracyathus porphyreus); Conocyathus from the Late Pleistocene of Cape Burney, gracilis (reported as Trematotrochus zelandiae); and southwestern Western Australia was reported by Leptopsammia columna (Figs 9f, i). An eleventh Johnson, Baarli, and Scott (1995). species, Paracyathus profundus Duncan, 1889, was Finally, Cairns (1995) reported Conocyathus reported, but this specimen is not preserved well zelandiae from King George Sound, and Cairns and enough to verify its identification. Folkeson's Zibrowius (1997) reported three species from the specimens are deposited at the Swedish Museum northeastern tip of Western Australia, one of them, of Natural History, Stockholm. Balanophyllia imperialis, being a new record for the In a paper reporting deep-water corals from state. South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, and New South Wales, Hoffmeister (1933) also reported one species, Flabellum tuthilli, from the continental MATERIAL AND METHODS slope of the Great Australian Bight off Western Museum Abbreviations: Australia. AMS Australian Museum, Sydney. The Miocene fossil species Trematotrochus BMNH British Museum (Natural History), lateroplenus Dennant, 1899 was reported by Wells London. (1942) from Langley Park Bore, Perth. As noted in NTM Museum & Art Gallery of the Northern the species account, this fossil may be Territory, Darwin. Trematotrochus verconis Dennant, 1904. NMNH National Museum of Natural History, In his book on Australian and Indo-Pacific reef Smithsonian, Washington, D. C. corals, Veron (1986) also included a short chapter (pp. NMV National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne. 597-610) on Australian azooxanthellates. Although SAM South Australian Museum, Adelaide. exact localities and specific identifications are SMNH Swedish Museum of Natural History, sometimes wanting, eight records of Western Stockholm. Australian azooxanthellate corals can be extracted USNM United States National Museum (now the from this book, including the following six new National Museum of Natural History). records: Deltocyathus magnificus (reported as WAM Western Australian Museum, Perth. Fungiacyathus); Cyathelia axillaris; Trochocyathus apertus (reported as Premocyathus ? compressus~ Endopachys Expedition Abbreviations: grayi (reported as Endopachys sp.); Heteropsammia DEKI Danish Expedition to the Kei Islands cochlea; and Tubastraea coccinea (reported as T. aurea). (1922). Additional Western Australian records of KARUBAR French-Indonesian expedition (1991) Heteropsammia cochlea can also be found in Veron and that collected in the southeastern Marsh (1988) and Veron (1993). Banda Sea. Named for the Kai, Aru, Grygier (1991) reported two Western Australian and Tanimbar Islands. azooxanthellate species as hosts for petrarcid ascothoracidan Crustacea, one of the species, Morphological Terms Abbreviations: Flabellum magnificum, being a new record for this GCD Greater Calicular Diameter state, the other being Deltocyathus magnificus. In the GCD:H Ratio of greater calicular diameter to same context, Grygier and Cairns (1996) reported corallum height Western Australian Madrepora oculata as hosts for GCD:LCD Ratio of greater to lesser calicular these parasites. diameter In a paper reviewing the Scleractinia of H:D Ratio of height to corallum diameter southeastern Australia, Cairns and Parker (1992) PD:GCD Ratio of pedicel diameter to greater also included 13 new records from the southern calicular diameter coast of Western Australia: Culicia australiensis, C. Sx, Cx, Px Septa, costae, or pali (respectively) of hojfmeisteri, Anthemiphyllia dentata, Desmophyllum cycle designated by numerical dianthus (reported as D. cristagalli), Solenosmilia subscript variabilis, Conotrochus funicolumna (reported as Sx> Sy Septa of cycle x wider than those of Conotrochus brunneus), Trematotrochus alternans, cycle y Platytrochus laevigatus, P. hastatus, Australocyathus SCI Septal Concavity Index: ratio of vincentinus, Rhizotrochus tuberculatus, Notophyllia distance from thecal edge to point of recta, and N. piscacauda (reported as Notophyllia n. greatest septal inflection to length of sp.). These specimens were collected by the Soela, thecal face measured along that RN Comet, Adelaide Pearl, and BANZARE, and septum from the Verco and WAM collections; they are SSI Septal Sinuosity Index: ratio of deposited at the South Australian Museum, amplitude of lower inner edge of a Western Australian Museum, and NMNH. septum to the thickness of that septum Table 1 Distribution of the Western Australian Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (A no new material; * new to WA; ** new to Australia) ~ 0 0 AUSTRALIA Distribution III>< Pattern ::l Western Australia Depth (m) -::r re. 1 2 I 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 W. Aust. (See Table 2) ;' -ro Vl FUNGIACYATHIDAE n **Fungiacyathus (F.) stephanus x x X x 304-720 1B ~ III... **F. (F.) fragilis x x 400-420 2A n *F. (F.) paliferus x x x x 101-300 1B S' -~. **F. (F.) multicarinatus x 348-350 lE **F. (B.) variegatus x x 300-302 1C 0 1C '"" **F. (B.) granulosus x x 302-400 ~ ro m MICRABACIIDAE ro x X X X X X X 302-500 2A
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Keynote Speakers
    Brenton Bay Lethbridge Bay Dundas Shark Bay Strait Snake Bay Greenhill Island GordGoGordondon Bay MELVILLE ISLAND Endyalgout Island BATHURSTBATHURSTURU ISLAND Van Diemen Gulf BeagBeaglele GulGGulf Clarence Strait Adamm Bay East Alligator Chambersrs BayBa River Shoal Bay TiTimormor SeSeaa Southh DARWIN West Alligatoro P AAdAdelAdeAdelaideddeldeeel laideaidaaiididdee RRiRivRiveriviveerr Alligator RiverRiver o r River t D a rw in B yn oe H arbour FFogFooogg BBayBaayay Mary River Finnissn s RivRiverv South Alligator PPeroPePeronon IsIslandslandla AdAAdelaide RRiveri River Margaret River AAnsonnson BBayy McKinlay Dalyy RivRiververr River Mary River THE AUSTRALIAN CURRICULUM STUDIES ASSOCIATION (ACSA) 2013 BIENNIAL CURRICULUM CONFERENCE Uncharted territory? Navigating the new Australian Curriculumcul KEYNOTE SPEAKERS This conference explores the Australian Curriculum’s cross-curriculum priorities of: Ī Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures Ī Asia and Australia’s engagement with Asia Ī Sustainability The conference opens at Parliament House, Mitchell Street, Darwin and continues at the Darwin Convention Centre, Stokes Hill Road, Darwin 9.00 am Wednesday 25 September to 3.30 pm Friday 27 September 2013 KEYNOTES ACSA — 2013 BIENNIAL CONFERENCE: 25–27 SEPTEMBER 2013, DARWIN Dr Miriam-Rose Ungunmerr Baumann AM with Mrs Sharon Duong, Deputy Director: Teaching and Learning, and Ms Julianne Willis, Education Consultant: School Improvement, both of the Catholic Education Offi ce, NT Heart, mind and spirit In her keynote address on Indigenous perspectives across the curriculum, Miriam Rose Baumann will be joined by colleagues in a conversation that will challenge us to be mindful that curriculum should involve Heart, mind and spirit. Miriam Rose has had to make a balance of some kind to feel comfortable walking in two worlds — to feel comfortable in the western world and with her people.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coral Trait Database, a Curated Database of Trait Information for Coral Species from the Global Oceans
    www.nature.com/scientificdata OPEN The Coral Trait Database, a curated SUBJECT CATEGORIES » Community ecology database of trait information for » Marine biology » Biodiversity coral species from the global oceans » Biogeography 1 2 3 2 4 Joshua S. Madin , Kristen D. Anderson , Magnus Heide Andreasen , Tom C.L. Bridge , , » Coral reefs 5 2 6 7 1 1 Stephen D. Cairns , Sean R. Connolly , , Emily S. Darling , Marcela Diaz , Daniel S. Falster , 8 8 2 6 9 3 Erik C. Franklin , Ruth D. Gates , Mia O. Hoogenboom , , Danwei Huang , Sally A. Keith , 1 2 2 4 10 Matthew A. Kosnik , Chao-Yang Kuo , Janice M. Lough , , Catherine E. Lovelock , 1 1 1 11 12 13 Osmar Luiz , Julieta Martinelli , Toni Mizerek , John M. Pandolfi , Xavier Pochon , , 2 8 2 14 Morgan S. Pratchett , Hollie M. Putnam , T. Edward Roberts , Michael Stat , 15 16 2 Carden C. Wallace , Elizabeth Widman & Andrew H. Baird Received: 06 October 2015 28 2016 Accepted: January Trait-based approaches advance ecological and evolutionary research because traits provide a strong link to Published: 29 March 2016 an organism’s function and fitness. Trait-based research might lead to a deeper understanding of the functions of, and services provided by, ecosystems, thereby improving management, which is vital in the current era of rapid environmental change. Coral reef scientists have long collected trait data for corals; however, these are difficult to access and often under-utilized in addressing large-scale questions. We present the Coral Trait Database initiative that aims to bring together physiological, morphological, ecological, phylogenetic and biogeographic trait information into a single repository.
    [Show full text]
  • Bryozoa, Cheilostomata, Lanceoporidae) from the Gulf of Carpentaria and Northern Australia, with Description of a New Species
    Zootaxa 3827 (2): 147–169 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3827.2.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D9AEB652-345E-4BB2-8CBD-A3FB4F92C733 Six species of Calyptotheca (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata, Lanceoporidae) from the Gulf of Carpentaria and northern Australia, with description of a new species ROBYN L. CUMMING1 & KEVIN J. TILBROOK2 Museum of Tropical Queensland, 70–102 Flinders Street, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia 1Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] 2Current address: Research Associate, Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PW, UK Abstract A new diagnosis is presented for Calyptotheca Harmer, 1957 and six species are described from the Gulf of Carpentaria: C. wasinensis (Waters, 1913) (type species), C. australis (Haswell, 1880), C. conica Cook, 1965 (with a redescription of the holotype), C. tenuata Harmer, 1957, C. triquetra (Harmer, 1957) and C. lardil n. sp. These are the first records of Bryo- zoa from the Gulf of Carpentaria, and the first Australian records for C. wasinensis, C. tenuata and C. triquetra. The limit of distribution of three species is extended east to the Gulf of Carpentaria, from Kenya for C. wasinensis, from China for C. tenuata, and from northwestern Australia for C. conica. The number of tropical Calyptotheca species in Australian ter- ritorial waters is increased from seven to eleven. Key words: Timor Sea, Arafura Sea, Beagle Gulf, tropical Australia, Indo-Pacific Introduction Knowledge of tropical Australian Bryozoa is mostly restricted to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and Torres Strait.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Fish and Invertebrates Listed in the CITES Appendices
    JOINTS NATURE \=^ CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Checklist of fish and mvertebrates Usted in the CITES appendices JNCC REPORT (SSN0963-«OStl JOINT NATURE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Report distribution Report Number: No. 238 Contract Number/JNCC project number: F7 1-12-332 Date received: 9 June 1995 Report tide: Checklist of fish and invertebrates listed in the CITES appendices Contract tide: Revised Checklists of CITES species database Contractor: World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL Comments: A further fish and invertebrate edition in the Checklist series begun by NCC in 1979, revised and brought up to date with current CITES listings Restrictions: Distribution: JNCC report collection 2 copies Nature Conservancy Council for England, HQ, Library 1 copy Scottish Natural Heritage, HQ, Library 1 copy Countryside Council for Wales, HQ, Library 1 copy A T Smail, Copyright Libraries Agent, 100 Euston Road, London, NWl 2HQ 5 copies British Library, Legal Deposit Office, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ 1 copy Chadwick-Healey Ltd, Cambridge Place, Cambridge, CB2 INR 1 copy BIOSIS UK, Garforth House, 54 Michlegate, York, YOl ILF 1 copy CITES Management and Scientific Authorities of EC Member States total 30 copies CITES Authorities, UK Dependencies total 13 copies CITES Secretariat 5 copies CITES Animals Committee chairman 1 copy European Commission DG Xl/D/2 1 copy World Conservation Monitoring Centre 20 copies TRAFFIC International 5 copies Animal Quarantine Station, Heathrow 1 copy Department of the Environment (GWD) 5 copies Foreign & Commonwealth Office (ESED) 1 copy HM Customs & Excise 3 copies M Bradley Taylor (ACPO) 1 copy ^\(\\ Joint Nature Conservation Committee Report No.
    [Show full text]
  • Project Sea Dragon Stage 1 Hatchery Coastal Environment and Impact Assessment
    Project Sea Dragon Stage 1 Hatchery Coastal Environment and Impact Assessment Seafarms Group Limited October 2017 Document Status Version Doc type Reviewed by Approved by Date issued v01 Draft Report Christine Arrowsmith Christine Arrowsmith 08/09/2017 V02 Draft Report Christine Arrowsmith Christine Arrowsmith 9/10/2017 V03 FINAL Christine Arrowsmith Christine Arrowsmith 24/10/2017 V04 FINAL Christine Arrowsmith Christine Arrowsmith 26/10/2017 Project Details Project Name Stage 1 Hatchery Coastal Environment and Impact Assessment Client Seafarms Group Limited Client Project Manager Ivor Gutmanis Water Technology Project Manager Elise Lawry, Joanna Garcia-Webb Water Technology Project Director Christine Lauchlan-Arrowsmith Authors EAL, PXZ, JGW Document Number 3894-26_R01v03_GunnPt_NOI.docx COPYRIGHT Water Technology Pty Ltd has produced this document in accordance with instructions from Seafarms Group Limited for their use only. The concepts and information contained in this document are the copyright of Water Technology Pty Ltd. Use or copying of this document in whole or in part without written permission of Water Technology Pty Ltd constitutes an infringement of copyright. Water Technology Pty Ltd does not warrant this document is definitive nor free from error and does not accept liability for any loss caused, or arising from, reliance upon the information provided herein. 15 Business Park Drive Notting Hill VIC 3168 Telephone (03) 8526 0800 Fax (03) 9558 9365 ACN 093 377 283 ABN 60 093 377 283 04_GunnPt_NOI 26_R01v - 3894 Seafarms Group Limited | October 2017 Stage 1 Hatchery Coastal Environment and Impact Assessment Page 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Project Sea Dragon is a proposed large scale, integrated, land based prawn aquaculture venture operating across northern Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydroscheme Industry Partnership Program (HIPP)
    HydroScheme Industry Partnership Program (HIPP) National Hydrographic Program Commander Nigel Townsend, RAN CPHS1 Assistant Director National Hydrographic Program The Need – Meeting Australia’s Obligations Defence has a long history of hydrographic survey and an ongoing obligation to the Nation: - United Nations Convention on the Law of the SEA (UNCLOS) - International Convention for the Safety of Life at SEA (SOLAS) - Navigation Act 2012 Demand is growing for a whole-of-Nation hydrographic and oceanographic data collection program Environmental data gathering requires significant investment - Greater demand drives a need to partner with Industry Current processes and way of doing business needs to change significantly to meet Australia’s current and future requirements HydroScheme Industry Partnership Program (HIPP) HIPP Strategic Objectives: - To obtain full, high quality EEZ bathy coverage by 2050 - To link Chart Datum to National Ellipsoid through development of AusHydriod by 2030 - Integrate HIPP activities into the National Plan for MBES Bathy Data Acquisition - Provide environmental data to baseline Australia’s marine estate - Support hydrographic survey of remote locations (AAT, Heard and McDonald Is) - Support development of an organic tertiary hydrographic education program - Build the Hydrographic Industry in Australia - Support regional capacity building programs - Adhere to intent of Aust Gov’s Data Availability and Use Policy HIPP - Phases HIPP has two major phases: - HIPP Phase 1: 2020 – 2024 (Ramp-up Period) - Priority
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Some Harvested Aquarium Corals Version 1.3
    Guide to some harvested aquarium corals Version 1.3 ( )1 Large septal Guide to some harvested aquarium teeth corals Version 1.3 Septa Authors Morgan Pratchett & Russell Kelley, May 2020 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies Septa James Cook University Townsville, Queensland 4811 Australia Contents • Overview in life… p3 • Overview of skeletons… p4 • Cynarina lacrymalis p5 • Acanthophyllia deshayesiana p6 • Homophyllia australis p7 • Micromussa pacifica p8 • Unidentified Lobophylliid p9 • Lobophyllia vitiensis p10 • Catalaphyllia jardinei p11 • Trachyphyllia geoffroyi p12 Mouth • Heterocyathus aequicostatus & Heteropsammia cochlea p13 Small • Cycloseris spp. p14 septal • Diaseris spp. p15 teeth • Truncatoflabellum sp. p16 Oral disk Meandering valley Bibliography p17 Acknowledgements FRDC (Project 2014-029) Image support: Russell Kelley, Cairns Marine, Ultra Coral, JEN Veron, Jake Adams, Roberto Arrigioni ( )2 Small septal teeth Guide to some commonly harvested aquarium corals - Version 1.3 Overview in life… SOLID DISKS WITH FLESHY POLYPS AND PROMINENT SEPTAL TEETH Cynarina p5 Acanthophyllia p6 Homophyllia p7 Micromussa p8 Unidentified Lobophylliid p9 5cm disc, 1-2cm deep, large, thick, white 5-10cm disc at top of 10cm curved horn. Tissue 5cm disc, 1-2cm deep. Cycles of septa strongly <5cm disc, 1-2cm deep. Cycles of septa slightly septal teeth usually visible through tissue. In unequal. Large, tall teeth at inner marigns of primary unequal. Teeth of primary septa less large / tall at conceals septa. In Australia usually brown with inner margins. Australia usually translucent green or red. blue / green trim. septa. In Australia traded specimens are typically variegated green / red / orange. 2-3cm disc, 1-2cm deep. Undescribed species traded as Homophyllia australis in West Australia and Northern Territory but now recognised as distinct on genetic and morphological grounds.
    [Show full text]
  • AC26 Doc. 20 Annex 1 English Only / Únicamente En Inglés / Seulement En Anglais
    AC26 Doc. 20 Annex 1 English only / únicamente en inglés / seulement en anglais Fauna: new species and other taxonomic changes relating to species listed in the EC wildlife trade regulations January, 2012 A report to the European Commission Directorate General E - Environment ENV.E.2. – Environmental Agreements and Trade by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre AC26 Doc. 20, Annex 1 UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 1223 277314 Fax: +44 (0) 1223 277136 Email: [email protected] Website: www.unep-wcmc.org CITATION ABOUT UNEP-WORLD CONSERVATION UNEP-WCMC. 2012. Fauna: new species and MONITORING CENTRE other taxonomic changes relating to species The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring listed in the EC wildlife trade regulations. A Centre (UNEP-WCMC), based in Cambridge, report to the European Commission. UNEP- UK, is the specialist biodiversity information WCMC, Cambridge. and assessment centre of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), run PREPARED FOR cooperatively with WCMC, a UK charity. The Centre's mission is to evaluate and highlight The European Commission, Brussels, Belgium the many values of biodiversity and put authoritative biodiversity knowledge at the DISCLAIMER centre of decision-making. Through the analysis and synthesis of global biodiversity The contents of this report do not necessarily knowledge the Centre provides authoritative, reflect the views or policies of UNEP or strategic and timely information for contributory organisations. The designations conventions, countries and organisations to use employed and the presentations do not imply in the development and implementation of the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on their policies and decisions.
    [Show full text]
  • In-Situ Observation of Deep Water Corals in the Northern Red Sea Waters of Saudi Arabia
    Deep-Sea Research I 89 (2014) 35–43 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Deep-Sea Research I journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dsri In-situ observation of deep water corals in the northern Red Sea waters of Saudi Arabia Mohammad A. Qurban a,n, P.K. Krishnakumar a, T.V. Joydas a, K.P. Manikandan a, T.T.M. Ashraf a, S.I. Quadri a, M. Wafar a, Ali Qasem b, S.D. Cairns c a Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P. B. No. 391, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia b Environmental Protection Department, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia c Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, United States of America article info abstract Article history: Three sites offshore of the Saudi Arabia coast in the northern Red Sea were surveyed in November 2012 Received 29 October 2013 to search for deep-water coral (DWC) grounds using a Remotely Operated Vehicle. A total of 156 colonies Received in revised form were positively identified between 400 and 760 m, and were represented by seven species belonging to 30 March 2014 Scleractinia (3), Alcyonacea (3) and Antipatharia (1). The scleractinians Dasmosmilia valida Marenzeller, Accepted 5 April 2014 1907, Eguchipsammia fistula (Alcock, 1902) and Rhizotrochus typus Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1848 were Available online 13 April 2014 identified to species level, while the octocorals Acanthogorgia sp., Chironephthya sp., Pseudopterogorgia Keywords: sp., and the antipatharian Stichopathes sp., were identified to genus level. Overall, the highest abundance Cold water corals of DWC was observed at Site A1, the closest to the coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat Suitability and Environmental Niche Comparison of Cold-Water Coral Species Along the Brazilian Continental Margin
    1 Deep-sea Research Part I-oceanographic Research Papers Archimer January 2020, Volume 155 Pages 103147 (12p.) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2019.103147 https://archimer.ifremer.fr https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00607/71927/ Habitat suitability and environmental niche comparison of cold-water coral species along the Brazilian continental margin Barbosa Romina 1, 4, *, Davies A. J. 2, 3, Sumida P. Y. G. 4 1 UBO, Lab Sci Environm Marin LEMAR, Plouzane, France. 2 Bangor Univ, Sch Ocean Sci, Anglesey, Wales. 3 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. 4 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Oceanog, 191 Praca Oceanog, BR-05508120 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. * Corresponding author : Romina Barbosa, email address : [email protected] Abstract : In face of increasing anthropogenic disturbance in the deep sea, it is a priority to better understand the regional distribution of cold-water corals (CWC). These organisms create some of the most species-rich habitats in the deep sea and, for this reason, they must be properly protected and managed. In this study, we aimed to identify suitable habitat for multiple CWC taxa off the Brazilian continental margin and compare their environmental niches. Habitat suitability models were developed using the Maxent approach, which allowed for the prediction of species distribution and for the identification of potential 'hot spot' areas that may be important for biodiversity conservation. Ecological niches were determined by a PCA-env approach, and niche similarity and equivalence were evaluated based on niche overlap using the Schoener's D metric. Potentially suitable habitat for Octocorallia covered a broad latitudinal range encompassing nearly the entire Brazilian continental margin, whereas Scleractinia had greater potentially suitable habitat in the Central and Southern areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Deep‐Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: Depth and Geographical Distribution
    Deep‐Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: Depth and Geographical Distribution by Peter J. Etnoyer1 and Stephen D. Cairns2 1. NOAA Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Charleston, SC 2. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC This annex to the U.S. Gulf of Mexico chapter in “The State of Deep‐Sea Coral Ecosystems of the United States” provides a list of deep‐sea coral taxa in the Phylum Cnidaria, Classes Anthozoa and Hydrozoa, known to occur in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico (Figure 1). Deep‐sea corals are defined as azooxanthellate, heterotrophic coral species occurring in waters 50 m deep or more. Details are provided on the vertical and geographic extent of each species (Table 1). This list is adapted from species lists presented in ʺBiodiversity of the Gulf of Mexicoʺ (Felder & Camp 2009), which inventoried species found throughout the entire Gulf of Mexico including areas outside U.S. waters. Taxonomic names are generally those currently accepted in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), and are arranged by order, and alphabetically within order by suborder (if applicable), family, genus, and species. Data sources (references) listed are those principally used to establish geographic and depth distribution. Only those species found within the U.S. Gulf of Mexico Exclusive Economic Zone are presented here. Information from recent studies that have expanded the known range of species into the U.S. Gulf of Mexico have been included. The total number of species of deep‐sea corals documented for the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Reproduction of the Solitary Sunset Cup Coral Leptopsammia Pruvoti (Scleractinia: Dendrophylliidae) in the Mediterranean
    Marine Biology (2005) 147: 485–495 DOI 10.1007/s00227-005-1567-z RESEARCH ARTICLE S. Goffredo Æ J. Radetic´Æ V. Airi Æ F. Zaccanti Sexual reproduction of the solitary sunset cup coral Leptopsammia pruvoti (Scleractinia: Dendrophylliidae) in the Mediterranean. 1. Morphological aspects of gametogenesis and ontogenesis Received: 16 July 2004 / Accepted: 18 December 2004 / Published online: 3 March 2005 Ó Springer-Verlag 2005 Abstract Information on the reproduction in scleractin- came indented, assuming a sickle or dome shape. We can ian solitary corals and in those living in temperate zones hypothesize that the nucleus’ migration and change of is notably scant. Leptopsammia pruvoti is a solitary coral shape may have to do with facilitating fertilization and living in the Mediterranean Sea and along Atlantic determining the future embryonic axis. During oogene- coasts from Portugal to southern England. This coral sis, oocyte diameter increased from a minimum of 20 lm lives in shaded habitats, from the surface to 70 m in during the immature stage to a maximum of 680 lm depth, reaching population densities of >17,000 indi- when mature. Embryogenesis took place in the coelen- viduals mÀ2. In this paper, we discuss the morphological teron. We did not see any evidence that even hinted at aspects of sexual reproduction in this species. In a sep- the formation of a blastocoel; embryonic development arate paper, we report the quantitative data on the an- proceeded via stereoblastulae with superficial cleavage. nual reproductive cycle and make an interspecific Gastrulation took place by delamination. Early and late comparison of reproductive traits among Dend- embryos had diameters of 204–724 lm and 290–736 lm, rophylliidae aimed at defining different reproductive respectively.
    [Show full text]