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13. CERASTIUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 437. 1753. 卷耳属 Juan Er Shu Lu Dequan (鲁德全); John K

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13. CERASTIUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 437. 1753. 卷耳属 Juan Er Shu Lu Dequan (鲁德全); John K Flora of China 6: 31–37. 2001. 13. CERASTIUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 437. 1753. 卷耳属 juan er shu Lu Dequan (鲁德全); John K. Morton Herbs annual or perennial, pubescent and/or glandular pubescent, rarely glabrous. Stems usually caespitose, sometimes slightly woody at base. Leaves ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate. Inflorescence terminal, a dichasial cyme, dense or lax, sometimes flowers solitary. Sepals (4 or)5, free. Petals (4 or)5, sometimes absent, white, apex usually 2-lobed or retuse, rarely entire. Stamens (3 or 5 or)10; nectaries present. Ovary 1-loculed; ovules numerous. Styles 3–5, inserted opposite sepals. Capsule golden yellowish, cylindric, sometimes subequaling but usually exceeding calyx, hard, thin, brittle, dehiscing by 2 × as many teeth as styles; teeth slightly curved, sometimes straight or revolute. Seeds numerous, globose or reniform, compressed, usually tuberculate; embryo annular. About 100 species: almost cosmopolitan, most abundant in temperate and cold regions: 23 species (nine endemic) in China. The identities of the taxa to which the following three names apply could not be ascertained. All were described from China, but none of the types has been seen by the present authors: Cerastium calcicola Ohwi (Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 46. 1934), described from Taiwan; C. kaoi Shimizu (J. Fac. Text. Sci. & Techn. Shinshu Univ. No. 36, Biol., No. 12 [Stud. Limest. Fl. Jap. & Taiwan, Pt. 2]: 23. 1963), also described from Taiwan; and C. sinicum Nakai (J. Jap. Bot. 15: 526. 1939), described from Hebei. The record of Cerastium perfoliatum Linnaeus in FRPS (p. 83), from Zhejiang, requires confirmation. No specimens of this species have been seen by the current authors. 1a. Styles 3; capsule teeth 6. 2a. Leaves linear-lanceolate; petals obovate, longer than sepals; stamens 10 .............................. 1. C. cerastoides 2b. Leaves ovate-elliptic; petals ovate, shorter than sepals; stamens 5 ...................................... 2. C. parvipetalum 1b. Styles (4 or)5; capsule teeth (8 or)10. 3a. Plants up to 20 cm tall. 4a. Leaves elliptic, oblong, ovate, or obovate-elliptic. 5a. Cyme densely clustered, headlike ............................................................................... 3. C. glomeratum 5b. Cyme not as above. 6a. Stems ascending; pedicel 5–8 mm, usually nutant after anthesis ............................... 4. C. pusillum 6b. Stems erect; pedicel to 15 mm. 7a. Leaf apex obtuse; flowers sparse; sepals oblong, 4–5 mm ................................ 5. C. limprichtii 7b. Leaf apex acute; flowers dense; sepals oblong-lanceolate, 7–8 mm .................. 6. C. thomsonii 4b. Leaves linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate. 8a. Leaves ovate-lanceolate. 9a. Plants annual; leaves 1–3 cm × 2–5 mm; flowers borne in a lax dichasium; calyx strongly inflated in fruit; capsule conical-cylindric ........................................................... 7. C. dichotomum 9b. Plants perennial; leaves 1–2.5 cm × 3–10 mm; flower solitary; calyx not inflated in fruit; capsule cylindric .......................................................................................... 8. C. lithospermifolium 8b. Leaves linear-lanceolate or lanceolate. 10a. Leaf apex obtuse; petals slightly shorter than or equaling sepals ......................... 9. C. szechuense 10b. Leaves apex acute; petals longer than sepals. 11a. Leaves 1.3–2 cm × 2–4 mm; petals ca. 0.5 cm ....................................... 10. C. baischanense 11b. Leaves 0.5–1 cm × 1–2 mm; petals 1–1.3 cm ......................................... 11. C. morrisonense 3b. Plants at least 15 cm tall. 12a. Leaves ovate, oblong, or elliptic. 13a. Plants stout, 40–100 cm tall; leaves 5–8 × 1.5–4 cm. 14a. Leaves and bracts opposite ............................................................................. 12. C. davuricum 14b. Leaves and bracts 3-verticillate ................................................................... 13. C. verticifolium 13b. Plants slender, 15–60 cm tall; leaves 1–4 × 0.3–1.5 cm. 15a. Stems glabrescent; petals ca. 2 × as long as sepals ............................................. 14. C. wilsonii 15b. Stems pilose and/or glandular pubescent; petals slightly shorter than or equaling sepals ................................................................................................................ 15. C. fontanum 12b. Leaves linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or oblanceolate. 16a. Leave ovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate. 17a. Plants perennial; leaves ovate-lanceolate; sepals oblong-lanceolate, ca. 5 mm; petals oblong or obovate, apex bifid ........................................................................................ 16. C. furcatum 17b. Plants annual; leaves oblanceolate; sepals ovate, 2–3 mm; petals spatulate, apex entire ................................................................................................ 17. C. takasagomontanum 16b. Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. 18a. Leaves lanceolate. 19a. Leaves 0.2–1 cm wide; sepals lanceolate; petal apex 2-lobed ................... 18. C. falcatum 19b. Leaves 1–2 cm wide; sepals ovate-oblong; petal apex entire ............... 19. C. pauciflorum 18b. Leaves linear-lanceolate. 20a. Leaves 1–2.5 cm; petals apically 2-lobed for 1/4–1/3 their length .............. 20. C. arvense 20b. Leaves 3–8 cm; petals apically entire, retuse, or crenately 2-lobed. 21a. Petals spatulate, apex entire .......................................................... 21. C. subpilosum 21b. Petals obovate, apex retuse or crenately 2-lobed. 22a. Leaves 3–5 cm × 3–6 mm; sepals lanceolate; petals slightly longer than sepals; capsule ca. 2 × as long as sepals ................... 22. C. tianschanicum 22b. Leaves 4–8 cm × 5–15 mm; sepals ovate; petals 2–3 × as long as sepals; capsule 2.5–3 × as long as sepals ............................................. 23. C. maximum 1. Cerastium cerastoides (Linnaeus) Britton, Mem. Torrey 3. Cerastium glomeratum Thuillier, Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2, Bot. Club 5: 150. 1894. 226. 1799. 六齿卷耳 liu chi juan er 球序卷耳 qiu xu juan er Stellaria cerastoides Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 422. 1753; Herbs annual, 10–20 cm tall. Stems simple or Cerastium cerastoides var. foliosum Kozhevnikov; caespitose, densely villous, distally glandular pubescent. Dichodon cerastoides (Linnaeus) Reichenbach. Proximal leaves spatulate; distal leaves obovate-elliptic, 1.5–2.5 × 0.5–1 cm, base attenuate into a short petiole, Herbs perennial, 10–20 cm tall. Stems caespitose, both surfaces villous, midvein prominent, margin ciliate. creeping basally, decumbent or ascending, branched Inflorescence of compact, cymose clusters (glomerules); distally, pubescent. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 8–20 × rachis densely glandular pubescent; bracts leaflike, 1.5–2(–3) mm, apex acuminate. Cyme 3–7-flowered, ovate-elliptic, densely pubescent. Pedicel 1–3 mm, rarely solitary; bracts leaflike, lanceolate. Pedicel 1.5–2 densely pubescent. Sepals 5, lanceolate, ca. 4 mm, cm, glandular pubescent, recurved in fruit. Sepals abaxially densely long glandular pubescent, margin broadly lanceolate, 4–6(–7) mm, 1-veined, margin narrowly membranous, apex acute. Petals 5, white, membranous. Petals obovate, 8–12 mm, 2-lobed for ca. oblong, subequaling or slightly longer than sepals, base 1/4 their length. Stamens 10. Styles 3. Capsule pilose, apex 2-lobed. Stamens shorter than sepals. cylindric, 10–12 mm, 6-toothed. Seeds reniform- Styles 5. Capsule cylindric, subequaling or 1.5–2 × as globose, tuberculate. Fl. May–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep. long as calyx, 10-toothed. Seeds brown, compressed Mountain valleys near moist grasslands; 1000–2400 m (3300–5100 m triangular, tuberculate. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. May–Jun. in Xizang). Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Xizang [Afghanistan, Forest margins, mountain slope grasslands, sandy riversides; 100– India, ?Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, ?Nepal, Pakistan, Russia 3700 m. Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, (Siberia); N Africa, SW Asia, Europe, North America]. Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [cosmopoli- 2. Cerastium parvipetalum Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. tan weed]. Taiwan 22: 227. 1932. 1a. Capsule 1.5–2 × as long as calyx 3a. var. glomeratum 1b. Capsule subequaling calyx . 3b. var. brachycarpum 小瓣卷耳 xiao ban juan er 3a. Cerastium glomeratum var. glomeratum Herbs annual or biennial, 10–20 cm tall. Stems slender, 球序卷耳 原变种 pilose. Leaves subsessile, ovate-elliptic, ca. 3 × 1 cm, ( ) qiu xu juan er (yuan bian zhong) adaxially pubescent, base abruptly attenuate, apex Cerastium vulgatum Linnaeus var. glomeratum acuminate. Cyme terminal, lax. Pedicel filiform, ca. 8 (Thuillier) Edgeworth & J. D. Hooker. mm, viscous pilose. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, abaxially pilose, apex acuminate. Petals 5, ovate, Capsule 1.5–2 × as long as calyx. ca. 2 mm; claw short; limb apex shortly 2-toothed, Mountain slope grasslands; below 3700 m. Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, teeth acuminate at tip. Stamens 5. Ovary ovoid, ca. 1 Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Xizang, Yunnan, mm. Styles 3, ca. 2 mm. Capsule cylindric-globose, ca. Zhejiang [cosmopolitan weed]. 2 mm, apex truncate, 6-toothed. 3b. Cerastium glomeratum var. brachycarpum L. H. Zhou & Q. Z. Han, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 15: 49. 1995. • Mountains; 1000–1500 m. S Taiwan. 短果卷耳 duan guo juan er Capsule subequaling calyx. obovate, 8–9 mm, apex 2-lobed. Stamens shorter than • Forest margins, sandy riversides; ca. 100 m. Liaoning. sepals. Ovary ovoid. Styles 5. Capsule cylindric, ca. 1 cm.
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