Wizualizacja a Ewangelizacja

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Wizualizacja a Ewangelizacja WIZUALIZACJA A EWANGELIZACJA Przeszłość i teraźniejszość Praca pod redakcją Waldemara Cisło, Dagmary Jaszewskiej i Aldony Piwko Wizualizacja a eWangelizacja Przeszłość i teraźniejszość ViSUALIZATiOn anD eVangelizaTiOn Past and present Wizualizacja a eWangelizacja Przeszłość i teraźniejszość Praca pod redakcją Waldemara cisło, Dagmary jaszewskiej i aldony Piwko instytut Dialogu Kultury i Religii uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego Warszawa 2015 Recenzenci Prof. dr hab. jan górski, uŚ Prof. Kul dr hab. andrzej Pietrzak Łamanie i projekt okładki gregor © copyright by Wydawnictwo uKSW iSBn 978-83-8090-023-3 Wydawnictwo uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie 01-815 Warszawa, ul. Dewajtis 5, tel. (22) 561 89 23; fax (22) 561 89 11 e-mail: [email protected] www.wydawnictwo.uksw.edu.pl SPiS treści WSTęP .............................................................................................. 7 ks. Ignacy Bokwa Teologiczne obrazy Kościoła ...................................................... 11 Theological images of the church WiTOlD KaWecKi cSsR Film jako wizualizacja i komunikowanie wiary ......................... 27 Film (movies) as a visualization and communicating faith DagmaRa jaSzeWSKa Teologia polska. O filmie marka Koterskiego „Wszyscy jesteśmy chrystusami” ................................................ 49 The Theology of Polish. about the marek Koterski’s film Wszyscy jesteśmy Chrystusami (We’re All Christs) ks. LeOnaRD Fic motywy religijne w indyjskiej sztuce filmowej ........................... 81 Religious motives in indian film-making KaTaRzyna FlaDeR-RzeSzOWSKa Reewangelizacja przez kulturę. Teatr jako miejsce działania teologii wizualnej .......................... 109 Reevagelizing throuth culture. Theater as a locus for visual theology BOgumił gacKa mic Stosowanie jasnej zasady personalizmu w mass mediach .......... 125 The realization of the clear principle of personalism in mass media ks. JózeF łuPińSKi Wiara i sztuka. Kielichy i pateny w Polsce do końca Xii wieku oraz ich programy ikonograficzne ............................................. 169 Faith and art. chalices and patens in Poland until the end of the twelfth century and their iconographic programs 6 SpiS treści ks. Norbert mOjżyn Karta Wenecka a dziedzictwo kulturowe Kościoła katolickiego ................................................................. 185 The Venice charter vs the cultural Heritage of the catholic church WOjciecH Kluj Omi Wizualizacja wiary na przykładzie sztuki chrześcijańskiej w chinach ................................................................................. 201 Visualization of faith on the example of christian chinese art jaROSłaW RóżańSKi Omi Przykłady wizualizacji ewangelii i inkulturacji w architekturze sakralnej w północnym Kamerunie ............................................ 217 examples of the gospel visualization and church architectural inculturation in northern cameroon TOmaSz SzySzKa SVD Sztuka sakralna w redukcjach jezuickich jako efektywny środek ewangelizacji indian .............................. 235 Sacred art in jesuit reductions as an effective means of evangelization of indians alDOna Piwko znaczenie obrazu w tradycji muzułmańskiej ............................. 261 The importance of image in islamic tradition ks. WalDemaR ciSłO Wizualizacja w islamie. Prowokacja czy próba ustalenia granic wolności wypowiedzi? ..................................... 283 Visualization in islam. Provocation or an attempt to establish the boundaries of freedom of expression? HuBert KaczmaRSKi, jan STalOny-DOBRzańSKi Kanon w sztuce sakralnej Kościoła – balast czy fundament wizualnej ewangelizacji (kilka refleksji filologa klasycznego i i architekta) ..................... 295 The canon of sacred art of the church – visual evangelization’s ballast or foundation (some reflections of a classical philologist and an architect) WStęP Wizualizacja jest graficzną metodą tworzenia, środkiem analizy oraz sposoben przekazywania informacji. Środki wizualne stosowane są do przekazywania rozmaitych komunikatów, zarówno abstrakcyjnych, jak i rzeczywistych. można stwierdzić, że historia ludzkości zatoczyła koło. W najdawniejszych czasach człowiek porozumiewał się z otoczeniem za pomocą rysunków oraz grafik, o czym świadczy malarstwo naskalne, zwłaszcza istniejące do dziś na terenach australii, powstałe w okresie górnego paleolitu, datowanego na 40 tysięcy lat przed chrystusem. Po- dobnie prehistoryczną metodą komunikacji było pismo obrazkowe, okre- ślane mianem pisma piktograficznego, w którym każdy rysunek oznaczał konkretne pojęcie. Odkrycie papieru oraz wynalezienie druku, rozpoczęło zachwyt ludzkości nad obrazem kreowanym za pomocą słów, aczkolwiek malarstwo i sztuki plastyczne pozostawały wciąż w kręgu zainteresowań twórców kultury, różnych okresów. jednak niewątpliwe wiek XX i począ- tek XXi zintensyfikował znaczenie wizualizacji w życiu człowieka. Staliśmy się społeczeństwem obrazkowym, do którego najwięcej informacji dociera przy pomocy rozmaitych form wizualnych. Obecnie wizualizacja zajmuje istotne miejsce w prowadzeniu badań naukowych. jest wykorzystywana nie tylko w dyscyplinach technicznych oraz naukach o życiu, jak chociażby w medycynie, ale też stanowi istotny element dydaktyczny, umożliwiający ukazanie wielu zjawisk oraz praw. niewątpliwie wizualizacja jest głównym środkiem wyrazu artystycznego: sztuki, filmu, teatru. Wszechobecność obrazu w życiu codziennym, nowoczesnego człowieka XXi wieku, została poddana szczegółowym badaniom naukowym, zatytu- łowanym Wizualizacja a ewangelizacja – przeszłość i teraźniejszość. W tym celu został powołany zespół badawczy, który stanowili pracownicy instytutu Dialogu Kultury i Religii Wydziału Teologicznego uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie, reprezentujący różne dyscypliny nauk humanistycznych. Wród nich znaleźli się specjaliści historii, historii sztuki, 8 WStęp kulturoznawcy, socjolodzy, misjonarze i misjolodzy, religioznawcy oraz teolodzy. interdysycplinaroność specjalistów biorących udział w projekcie, umoż- liwiła przeprowadzenie pogłębionej analizy zjawiska wizualizacji. Badania były prowadzone w kraju i poza jego granicami. Polskimi miastami, w któ- rych członkowie zespołu prowadzili badania nad wizualizacją były dwa ośrodki, gdzie znajduje się imponująca liczba zabytków, zarówno sztuki jak i architektury, a więc Kraków i Toruń. Warto podkreślić, że w 2014 roku w Toruniu obyła się konferncja poświęcona działalności konserwatorskiej oraz ochronie zabytków. natomiast muzeum narodowe w Krakowie w 2015 roku było organizatorem imponującej wystawy malarstwa międzynarodo- wego, inspirowanego kulturą muzułmańskiej Turcji. Ponadto badania były realizowane w Wiedniu, Berlinie, Rzymie, mediolanie, Bazylei oraz na Sri lance. Badacze zgłębiali wiedzę nie tylko w bibliotekach oraz muzeach, lecz brali udział w festiwalach filmowych, pogłębiając praktyczną wiedzę w zakresie szeroko rozumianej wizualizacji, obecnej w przestrzeni publicznej. celem prac zespołu było przeprowadzenie badań wybranych tekstów kulturowych pod względem treści teologicznych, biblijnych i chrześcijań- skich, a także próba ukazania obrazu jako nośnika ewangelii. Szeroko pojęta wizualizacja niejednokrotnie stawała się miejscem teologicznego pozna- nia. Perspektywą dla badań są współczesne koncepcje kultury wizualnej, a dokładniej ich interdyscyplinarny wymiar kulturoznawczo-teologiczny, rozpoznany w pracach na temat locus theologicus w kulturze wizualnej. jest to zarazem pytanie o kondycję kultury chrześcijańskiej w 1050 rocznicę chrztu Polski – w jaki sposób chrześcijaństwo jest dziś obecne w szeroko pojętym obrazie? czy i w jaki sposób obecne są w niej ważne teologiczne tematy, pytania, wątki, wartości? czy jest w ogóle możliwa dziś obecność kultury chrześcijańskiej w sekularyzującej się współczesnej Polsce i świecie? W prezentowanej publikacji zostały zaprezentowane treści religijne w różnych dziełach kultury: sztuce użytkowej, filmie, teatrze, mediach, sztukach plastycznych. Podstawę warsztatu naukowego stanowiły metody badawcze stosowane w humanistyce, z uwzględnieniem metod teologicznych. autorzy w swoich pracach zastanawiają się nad możliwościami wizu- alizowania Boskich spraw. Wśród nich są stwierdzenia, podkreślające z całą mocą świętość Kościoła, będącego sakramentem, niewidzialną tajemnicą, która poszukuje obrazowo-materialnych form ukazania się w świecie, w historii. Ważna jest także kwestia etyki, zwłaszcza w mass-mediach, w której trzeba nieustająco pamiętać o godności człowieka, priorytecie WStęp 9 relacji osobowych, a także respektowaniu zasad porządku moralnego oraz przyjęciu jasnej hierarchii wartości. należy zwrócić uwagę także na sposoby inkulturacji w architekturze oraz sztuce i sposobów jej dostosowywania do obowiązującego stylu w danym regionie. Podobnie film oraz sztuki teatralne także wpisują się w szeroko rozumianą metaforę, wpisując się w teologiczne przesłanie ewangelii, która chętnie posługuje się takim środkiem wyrazu. W badaniach zwrócono także uwagę na obecność obrazu w tradycji mu- zułmańskiej. zasadniczo islam sprzeciwia się kreowaniu wizerunków Boga, osób i zwierząt, uznając, że jedynym Twórcą i Kreatorem rzeczywistości jest Bóg. niemniej jednak w islamie odnaleźć można przejawy wizualizacji wiary, ale obraz też staje się kontrowersją, a przez to powodem do agresji. efekty realizowanego przez zespół projektu zostały zawarte w artyku- łach naukowych, opublikowanych w niniejszej książce. ks. ignacy Bokwa teologiczne obrazy Kościoła na
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