Select Sec and Finra Developments and Enforcement Cases

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Select Sec and Finra Developments and Enforcement Cases 2016 YEAR IN REVIEW: SELECT SEC AND FINRA DEVELOPMENTS AND ENFORCEMENT CASES www.morganlewis.com Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...............................................................................................1 The SEC ........................................................................................................ 1 FINRA ........................................................................................................... 2 US SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ..............................................................5 Personnel Changes ......................................................................................... 5 Enforcement Statistics .................................................................................. 11 Categories of Cases ...................................................................................... 12 Civil Penalties and Disgorgement Orders........................................................ 13 Additional Statistics ...................................................................................... 14 Office of the Whistleblower ........................................................................... 14 Key SEC Enforcement Developments ............................................................. 15 Areas of Focus for the Enforcement Division .................................................. 16 Looking Ahead ............................................................................................. 22 SEC Enforcement and Examination Priorities .................................................. 23 SEC Enforcement Actions.............................................................................. 26 Cases Relating to Broker-Dealer Firms and Their Employees/Affiliated Persons 26 Alternative Trade System ............................................................................ 26 Anti-Money Laundering ............................................................................... 29 Blue Sheets ................................................................................................ 30 Customer Protection Rule ............................................................................ 30 Disclosures - Misrepresentations Related to Broker Compensation................... 31 Disclosures - Structured Notes ..................................................................... 32 Market Access Rule ..................................................................................... 32 Market Manipulation/"Spoofing" ................................................................... 33 Material Nonpublic Information .................................................................... 34 Municipal Advisor - Conflicts of Interest ........................................................ 35 i www.morganlewis.com Municipal Advisor Fraud .............................................................................. 36 Short Sale Violations ................................................................................... 36 Suitability - Complex Products ...................................................................... 37 Cases Relating to Investment Advisers/Investment Companies and Their Employees/Affiliated Persons ....................................................................... 38 Allocation of Investment Opportunities ......................................................... 38 Best Execution ........................................................................................... 40 Compensation Payments for Representatives ................................................ 41 Compliance Policies and Procedures ............................................................. 42 Conflicts of Interest Disclosure ..................................................................... 43 Custody Rule .............................................................................................. 47 Fees and Allocation of Expenses .................................................................. 49 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ....................................................................... 53 Front Running ............................................................................................ 54 Gatekeepers ............................................................................................... 54 Material Nonpublic Information .................................................................... 56 Investment Adviser Registration ................................................................... 57 Misappropriation ......................................................................................... 57 Mutual Fund Share Class Selection ............................................................... 59 Performance Advertising ............................................................................. 60 Principal Trades .......................................................................................... 63 Privacy and Data Security ............................................................................ 63 Senior Investors ......................................................................................... 64 Valuation ................................................................................................... 65 Wrap Fee Programs .................................................................................... 66 FINANCIAL INDUSTRY REGULATORY AUTHORITY ....................................................... 69 Personnel Changes ....................................................................................... 69 Enforcement Statistics .................................................................................. 69 Enforcement Developments .......................................................................... 72 FINRA and the SEC ...................................................................................... 73 Targeted Examination Letters ....................................................................... 74 ii www.morganlewis.com FINRA’s 2017 Regulatory and Examination Priorities ....................................... 75 FINRA Enforcement Actions .......................................................................... 78 Advertised Trading Volumes ........................................................................ 78 Alternative Trade System ............................................................................ 79 Anti-Money Laundering ............................................................................... 79 Best Execution ........................................................................................... 81 Blue Sheets ................................................................................................ 81 Consolidated Reporting ............................................................................... 82 Customer Personal Information .................................................................... 83 Customer Protection Rule ............................................................................ 83 Disclosure to Customers .............................................................................. 85 Exchange-Traded Funds .............................................................................. 85 Large Options Position Reporting ................................................................. 86 Market Access Rule ..................................................................................... 87 Mortgage-Backed Securities Valuations ......................................................... 88 Municipal Bond Trading ............................................................................... 88 Mutual Fund Sales Charges.......................................................................... 89 OATS Reporting .......................................................................................... 89 Options Order Reporting ............................................................................. 90 Prospectus Delivery .................................................................................... 91 Regulation SHO .......................................................................................... 91 Regulatory Reporting .................................................................................. 92 Research Analyst "Flash Emails" ................................................................... 92 Structured Return Notes .............................................................................. 93 Suitability ................................................................................................... 93 Supervision ................................................................................................ 94 Variable Annuities ....................................................................................... 97 WORM ....................................................................................................... 99 SECURITIES ENFORCEMENT AND LITIGATION PRACTICE ............................................ 100 INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICE .................................................................. 102 iii www.morganlewis.com Executive Summary The Morgan Lewis Year in Review highlights key US Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC or the Commission) and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
Recommended publications
  • Annual Report
    annual report How to find ASIC Business Centres Newcastle http://www.asic.gov.au Incorporation, document Telephone 02 4929 4555 lodgement, searches & fees Facsimile 02 4929 1759 Infoline Adelaide Perth Information for consumers and Telephone 08 8202 8500 Telephone 08 9261 4200 complaints about financial services Facsimile 08 8202 8510 Facsimile 08 9261 4210 and products (except lending), Brisbane Sydney investors’ rights, companies, Telephone 07 3867 4900 Telephone 02 9911 2500 company directors, auditors & Facsimile 07 3867 4930 Facsimile 02 9911 2550 liquidators, company administration, Canberra Townsville policy & procedures Telephone 02 6250 3850 Telephone 07 4721 3885 1300 300 630 Facsimile 02 6250 3888 Facsimile 07 4721 3803 Darwin National Offices Telephone 08 8943 0950 Information Processing Centre Facsimile 08 8943 0960 Company annual returns, penalty Policy and coordination notices, deregistration and rein- Melbourne Geelong statement Sydney Telephone 03 5229 2966 Facsimile 03 5229 2940 Traralgon,VIC Regional Offices Gold Coast Telephone 03 5177 3700 Telephone 07 5528 1960 Corporate regulation and Facsimile 03 5177 3999 Facsimile 07 5528 1968 investigations Hobart Australian Capital Territory Telephone 03 6235 6850 New South Wales Facsimile 03 6235 6860 Northern Territory Melbourne Queensland Telephone 03 9280 3500 South Australia Facsimile 03 9280 3550 Tasmania Victoria Western Australia until 30 June 1998 the Australian Securities Commission Contents Highlights 1 ASIC at a glance 2 1997-98 summary of results 3 Key results
    [Show full text]
  • Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020
    Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020 Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020 Nic Newman with Richard Fletcher, Anne Schulz, Simge Andı, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Supported by Surveyed by © Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism / Digital News Report 2020 4 Contents Foreword by Rasmus Kleis Nielsen 5 3.15 Netherlands 76 Methodology 6 3.16 Norway 77 Authorship and Research Acknowledgements 7 3.17 Poland 78 3.18 Portugal 79 SECTION 1 3.19 Romania 80 Executive Summary and Key Findings by Nic Newman 9 3.20 Slovakia 81 3.21 Spain 82 SECTION 2 3.22 Sweden 83 Further Analysis and International Comparison 33 3.23 Switzerland 84 2.1 How and Why People are Paying for Online News 34 3.24 Turkey 85 2.2 The Resurgence and Importance of Email Newsletters 38 AMERICAS 2.3 How Do People Want the Media to Cover Politics? 42 3.25 United States 88 2.4 Global Turmoil in the Neighbourhood: 3.26 Argentina 89 Problems Mount for Regional and Local News 47 3.27 Brazil 90 2.5 How People Access News about Climate Change 52 3.28 Canada 91 3.29 Chile 92 SECTION 3 3.30 Mexico 93 Country and Market Data 59 ASIA PACIFIC EUROPE 3.31 Australia 96 3.01 United Kingdom 62 3.32 Hong Kong 97 3.02 Austria 63 3.33 Japan 98 3.03 Belgium 64 3.34 Malaysia 99 3.04 Bulgaria 65 3.35 Philippines 100 3.05 Croatia 66 3.36 Singapore 101 3.06 Czech Republic 67 3.37 South Korea 102 3.07 Denmark 68 3.38 Taiwan 103 3.08 Finland 69 AFRICA 3.09 France 70 3.39 Kenya 106 3.10 Germany 71 3.40 South Africa 107 3.11 Greece 72 3.12 Hungary 73 SECTION 4 3.13 Ireland 74 References and Selected Publications 109 3.14 Italy 75 4 / 5 Foreword Professor Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Director, Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (RISJ) The coronavirus crisis is having a profound impact not just on Our main survey this year covered respondents in 40 markets, our health and our communities, but also on the news media.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital News Report 2018 Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism / Digital News Report 2018 2 2 / 3
    1 Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2018 Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism / Digital News Report 2018 2 2 / 3 Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2018 Nic Newman with Richard Fletcher, Antonis Kalogeropoulos, David A. L. Levy and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Supported by Surveyed by © Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism / Digital News Report 2018 4 Contents Foreword by David A. L. Levy 5 3.12 Hungary 84 Methodology 6 3.13 Ireland 86 Authorship and Research Acknowledgements 7 3.14 Italy 88 3.15 Netherlands 90 SECTION 1 3.16 Norway 92 Executive Summary and Key Findings by Nic Newman 8 3.17 Poland 94 3.18 Portugal 96 SECTION 2 3.19 Romania 98 Further Analysis and International Comparison 32 3.20 Slovakia 100 2.1 The Impact of Greater News Literacy 34 3.21 Spain 102 2.2 Misinformation and Disinformation Unpacked 38 3.22 Sweden 104 2.3 Which Brands do we Trust and Why? 42 3.23 Switzerland 106 2.4 Who Uses Alternative and Partisan News Brands? 45 3.24 Turkey 108 2.5 Donations & Crowdfunding: an Emerging Opportunity? 49 Americas 2.6 The Rise of Messaging Apps for News 52 3.25 United States 112 2.7 Podcasts and New Audio Strategies 55 3.26 Argentina 114 3.27 Brazil 116 SECTION 3 3.28 Canada 118 Analysis by Country 58 3.29 Chile 120 Europe 3.30 Mexico 122 3.01 United Kingdom 62 Asia Pacific 3.02 Austria 64 3.31 Australia 126 3.03 Belgium 66 3.32 Hong Kong 128 3.04 Bulgaria 68 3.33 Japan 130 3.05 Croatia 70 3.34 Malaysia 132 3.06 Czech Republic 72 3.35 Singapore 134 3.07 Denmark 74 3.36 South Korea 136 3.08 Finland 76 3.37 Taiwan 138 3.09 France 78 3.10 Germany 80 SECTION 4 3.11 Greece 82 Postscript and Further Reading 140 4 / 5 Foreword Dr David A.
    [Show full text]
  • 13 October 1998 Legislative Assembly Tuesday, 13 October 1998
    WESTERN AUSTRALIA Parliamentary Debates (HANSARD) THIRTY-FIFTH PARLIAMENT SECOND SESSION 1998 LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY Tuesday, 13 October 1998 Legislative Assembly Tuesday, 13 October 1998 THE SPEAKER (Mr Strickland) took the Chair at 2.00 pm, and read prayers. TELEVISING AND BROADCASTING PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS Statement by Speaker THE SPEAKER (Mr Strickland): I advise members that as a result of a request from the media, and in anticipation of brief ministerial statements by the Premier on the Main Roads WA investigation and on WorkSafe WA, I have given permission for these live proceedings to be released to both television and radio media outlets. PUBLIC ACCESS WAY, CITY OF JOONDALUP Petition Mr Baker presented the following petition bearing the signatures of 53 persons - To the Honourable the Speaker and members of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of Western Australia in Parliament assembled. We, the undersigned residents of Crawley Grove and Fairlawn Gardens, Heathridge, in the State of Western Australia, call upon the State Government to liaise with the City of Joondalup with a view to closing the public access way adjacent to our respective places of residence due to: 1. The vulgar, disorderly, disruptive and generally anti-social behaviour exhibited by many users of the said public access way, particularly during the early hours of the morning; 2. The need to negative, limit or exclude criminal activities in our suburb by persons using the said access way; and 3. The need to restore our peace of mind, security and quality of life. Your petitioners therefore humbly pray that you will give this matter earnest consideration and your petitioners, as in duty bound, will ever pray.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Local Authority Trading Standards in Challenging Times
    THE IMPACT OF LOCAL AUTHORITY TRADING STANDARDS IN CHALLENGING TIMES Research Report by John Raine, Catherine Mangan and Peter Watt. University of Birmingham Institute of Local Government Studies Commissioned by The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills and The Trading Standards Institute MARCH 2015 Contents Summary................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 4 What is the current state of trading standards? ................................................... 4 Assessing the value of trading standards interventions ....................................... 7 Conclusions and recommendations ..................................................................... 7 Chapter 1: Background ........................................................................................ 12 Chapter 2: The State of Trading Standards in 2014 ............................................. 16 The Diminishing Resource Base for Local Authority Trading Standards ........... 16 The Pursuit of Greater Efficiency and Effectiveness .......................................... 23 Towards More Collaborative Working – The Drivers and the Obstacles. ........... 26 New Service Priorities ........................................................................................ 31 Supporting Business to Ensure Compliance ...................................................... 33 Measuring
    [Show full text]
  • Market Microstructure Studies: Liquidity, Price Discovery and Manipulation Ching (Jane) Chau University of Wollongong
    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2013 Market microstructure studies: liquidity, price discovery and manipulation Ching (Jane) Chau University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Chau, Ching (Jane), Market microstructure studies: liquidity, price discovery and manipulation, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of Accounting and Finance, University of Wollongong, 2013. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3921 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] MARKET MICROSTRUCTURE STUDIES: LIQUIDITY, PRICE DISCOVERY AND MANIPULATION A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY From UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG by Ching (Jane) Chau Bachelor of Commerce Honours (Class 1) in Accountancy School of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Commerce Australia June 2013 1 CERTIFICATION I, Ching Chau, declare that this thesis, submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the School of Accounting and Finance of the Faculty of Commerce, University of Wollongong, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. Ching (Jane) Chau June, 2013 2 DEDICATION To the memory of my mother, Yuduo Huang (January 1944 – May 2013) To my father, who cares for my mother with his whole heart and love. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people have made valuable contributions to this research. Without their support and encouragement, it would have been difficult for me to complete this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • China Financial Market Development Report
    CHINA FINANCIAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT REPORT PBC Shanghai Head Office China Financial Market Development Report Committee 责任编辑:童祎薇 白子彤 责任校对:张志文 责任印制:程 颖 图书在版编目(CIP)数据 中国金融市场发展报告. 2018:英文/中国人民银行上海总部《中国金融市场发展报告》 编写组编. —北京:中国金融出版社,2020.5 ISBN 978 - 7 - 5220 - 0434 - 1 Ⅰ. ①中… Ⅱ. ①中… Ⅲ. ①金融市场—研究报告—中国—2018—英文 IV.①F832.5 中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字(2020)第007272号 出版 发行 社址 北京市丰台区益泽路2号 市场开发部 (010)66024766,63805472,63439533(传真) 网 上 书 店 http://www.chinafph.com (010)66024766,63372837(传真) 读者服务部 (010)66070833,62568380 邮编 100071 经销 新华书店 印刷 北京侨友印刷有限公司 尺寸 210毫米×285毫米 印张 12.75 字数 250千 版次 2020年5月第1版 印次 2020年5月第1次印刷 定价 110.00元 ISBN 978 - 7 - 5220 - 0434 - 1 如出现印装错误本社负责调换 联系电话(010)63263947 2018 China Financial Market Development Report Committee Chair: LIU Guoqiang Vice Chair: JI Zhihong JIN Penghui Executive Vice Chair: ZHENG Wufu MA Jianyang Members (listed in the surname stroke order): KONG Yan LIU Jianhong LIU Ti HE Haifeng LI Haichao SONG Yuqin ZHANG Cuiwei ZHOU Zili ZHOU Rongfang RONG Yihua MEI Yunbo HAN Ping PENG Ming Editors & Authors Of The Chinese Edition: DU Haijun ZENG Ziliang DENG Lingyuan WANG Wenzhu CUI Linjing YANG Jie WANG Lijie ZOU Qiong TANG Lie WANG Tongyi Other Authors (listed in the surname stroke order): MA Junqing YIN Yuqiao WANG Fan WANG Fei WANG Haonian WANG Ran YE Kesong XIANG Lili JIANG Huifen YAN Lijuan SONG Weiwei ZHANG Yizheng ZHANG Song ZHANG Jieke ZHANG Jin ZHANG Can YANG Zonghang CHEN Xiaowu CHEN Jianan ZHOU Qingwu MENG Lingkuo ZHENG Yuling ZHENG Rusi ZHENG Lingyun HOU Haiting HU Yingchun ZHAO Yunxiao JIA Ying GUO Jianfeng GUO Huiming CHANG
    [Show full text]
  • CNBC TV Asia Schedule Shows and Times Subjected to Change
    CNBC TV Asia Schedule Shows and times subjected to change. Please check your local listings. 16th December to 22nd December Time Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday 12:00 AM Tonight Show Tonight Show The Call The Call The Call The Call The Call 12:30 AM with Jay Leno with Jay Leno 1:00 AM Suze Orman Suze Orman 1:30 AM 2:00 AM Power Lunch Power Lunch Power Lunch Power Lunch Power Lunch On the Money On the Money 2:30 AM 3:00 AM Street Signs Street Signs Street Signs Street Signs Street Signs 3:30 AM The Travel The Travel Channel Channel 4:00 AM 4:30 AM Closing Bell Closing Bell Closing Bell Closing Bell Closing Bell (U.S.) (U.S.) (U.S.) (U.S.) (U.S.) 5:00 AM Managing Asia Meet The Press 5:30 AM The Leaders Scam of the 6:00 AM Squawk Australia Squawk Australia Squawk Australia Squawk Australia Squawk Australia Fast Money Century: Bernie 6:30 AM Asia Market MadoffAsia Market& The 7:00 AM EuropeWeek This Week 7:30 AM Business Arabia Week Europe This 8:00 AM BusinessWeek 8:30 AM Asia Squawk Box Asia Squawk Box Asia Squawk Box Asia Squawk Box Asia Squawk Box Pakistan CNBC Reports India Business 9:00 AM Week Asia Market 9:30 AM Week Global Players 10:00 AM with Sabine Closing Bell 10:30 AM World Business CNBC's Cash CNBC's Cash CNBC's Cash CNBC's Cash CNBC's Cash (U.S.) 11:00 AM Flow Flow Flow Flow Flow Managing Asia Global Players 11:30 AM 7th ABLA 2008 with Sabine 12:00 PM Meet The Press Fast Money Fast Money Fast Money Fast Money 12:30 PM 1:00 PM Capital Capital Capital Capital Capital CNBC Sports CNBC Sports 1:30 PM Connection
    [Show full text]
  • There Has Been a Recent Increase in the Number of Cases Where the Investigative and Enforcement Actions of Some of the Austral
    TITLE PAGE A PROPOSAL FOR A UNIFORM AUSTRALIAN REGULATORY MODEL Thesis submitted by Thomas Harold Middleton, B.Com (JCU), LL.B (Hons) QUT, M. Leg Prac (QUT) Submitted on 19 June 2007 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Law James Cook University i STATEMENT OF ACCESS I, the undersigned, author of this work, understand that James Cook University will make this thesis available for use within the University Library and, via the Australian Digital Theses Network, for use elsewhere. I understand that, as an unpublished work, a thesis has significant protection under the Copyright Act and I do not wish to place any further restrictions on access to this work ------------------------------ -------------------------------- Signature Date ii STATEMENT OF SOURCES DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is my own work and has not been submitted in any form for another degree or diploma at any University or other institution of tertiary education. Information derived from the published or unpublished work of others has been acknowledged in the text and in a list of references is given. ------------------------------ -------------------------------- Signature Date iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank current and former staff members at James Cook University, including Dr Justin Dabner (principal supervisor), Professor Stephen Graw (co-supervisor), Professor Paul Havemann, Malcolm Barrett, Dr Chris Davies, Dr Joachim Dietrich, Karen Ness, Jo Roebuck and Lisa Westcott for their comments and advice on previous drafts of this thesis. I also thank Bronwyn Murray for her assistance in preparing the index and bibliography and Karen McCabe and Shirley Jones for their administrative support. I also thank Tom Middleton, Emma Middleton and Jack Middleton.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Awareness and Access
    Community awareness and access Objective 3: Community aware of and able to access information and services Strategy: Effective education, information and services Fair Trading's greatest efforts are directed towards providing services to the public. Information for consumers and traders allows individuals and businesses to understand their rights and obligations and to function effectively in the marketplace. Business licensing and registration services protect consumers and assist traders by maintaining and improving the integrity of industries that are vital to the NSW marketplace. Rental bonds custodial services provide tenants, landlords and property owners with confidence that bonds are used for their rightful purpose and are quickly available when required. Tribunal services provide a quick and simple method of resolving marketplace disputes. This suite of services contributes to fairness and equity for individuals and growing prosperity across NSW. Snapshot: service-level statistics 2007-2008 Customer enquiries 4,273,100 REVS checks 1,918,481 Rental bond transactions 525,653 Highlights 2007-2008 • Improved website that includes case studies, e-newsletters, surveys & blogs with continuing growth in visitor sessions • Home building licensing renewals now available online • Motor vehicle repairers’ licensing, compliance and dispute resolution service integrated into Fair Trading’s services Marketplace indicators 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 Target Percentage of public who know where to go to get help on consumer protection issues * 73% 73% 70% 66% 63% 65-70% *Survey results valid to ± 5% @ 95% level of confidence Comment/interpretation The community is unable to access services with, consumer protection issues. It would be unless they know where to go.
    [Show full text]
  • Real Insider Trading
    Washington and Lee Law Review Volume 77 Issue 4 Article 6 Fall 2020 Real Insider Trading Michael A. Perino St. John's University School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/wlulr Part of the Business Organizations Law Commons, and the Securities Law Commons Recommended Citation Michael A. Perino, Real Insider Trading, 77 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 1647 (2020), https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/wlulr/vol77/iss4/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington and Lee Law Review at Washington & Lee University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington and Lee Law Review by an authorized editor of Washington & Lee University School of Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Perino.postQR (Do Not Delete) 1/15/2021 4:58 PM Real Insider Trading Michael A. Perino† Abstract In popular rhetoric, insider trading cases are about leveling the playing field between elite market participants and ordinary investors. Academic critiques vary. Some depict an untethered insider trading doctrine that enforcers use to expand their power and enhance their discretion. Others see enforcers beset with agency cost problems who bring predominantly simple, easily resolved cases to create the veneer of vigorous enforcement. The debate has, to this point, been based mostly on anecdote and conjecture rather than empirical evidence. This Article addresses that gap by collecting extensive data on 465 individual defendants in civil, criminal, and administrative actions to assess how enforcers operationalize insider trading doctrine.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2016
    REUTERS INSTITUTE DIGITAL NEWS REPORT 2016 Supported by Surveyed by REUTERS INSTITUTE DIGITAL NEWS REPORT 2016 Nic Newman with Richard Fletcher, David A. L. Levy and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Supported by Surveyed by © Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM / DIGITAL NEWS REPORT 2016 4 Foreword by David A. L. Levy 5 Methodology 6 Authorship and Research Acknowledgements 7 Section 1 Overview and Key Findings by Nic Newman 8 Section 2 Analysis by Country 30 2.1 United States 32 2.14 Netherlands 58 2.2 United Kingdom 34 2.15 Switzerland 60 2.3 Germany 36 2.16 Austria 62 2.4 France 38 2.17 Hungary 64 2.5 Italy 40 2.18 Czech Republic 66 2.6 Spain 42 2.19 Poland 68 2.7 Portugal 44 2.20 Greece 70 2.8 Ireland 46 2.21 Turkey 72 2.9 Norway 48 2.22 South Korea 74 2.10 Sweden 50 2.23 Japan 76 2.11 Finland 52 2.24 Australia 78 2.12 Denmark 54 2.25 Canada 80 2.13 Belgium 56 2.26 Brazil 82 Section 3 Further Analysis and International Comparison 84 3.1 Sources of News 86 3.2 Segmentations across and within Countries 87 3.3 Comparative Brand Data Analysis 89 3.4 How Audiences Discover News Online 92 3.5 Public Service Broadcasters 93 3.6 Trust in the News in More Depth 94 3.7 Distinctions Between Hard and Soft News 96 3.8 Participation and Online News 99 3.9 Paying for Online News 103 Section 4 Essays 106 4.1 The Challenging New Economics of Journalism 108 Mark Thompson, CEO, New York Times 4.2 Why Trust Matters 110 Ed Williams, CEO, Edelman UK & Ireland 4.3 People Want Personalised Recommendations (Even as they Worry about the Consequences) 112 Rasmus Kleis Neilsen, Director of Research, Reuters Institute 4.4 The Topography of Trust: Views from UK News Consumers 115 Alison Preston, Head of Digital Literacy, Ofcom Postscript and Further Reading 118 4 / 5 FOREWORD Dr David A.
    [Show full text]