Background Report South Saskatchewan River Watershed
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September, 2007 Saskatchewan Watershed Authority Background Report South Saskatchewan River Watershed Executive Summary The purpose of the Background Report is to provide information on the physical, social and economical characteristics of the South Saskatchewan River Watershed and assist in the formulation of a Watershed Management Plan. This Plan will identify issues and interests to source waters and provide strategies for the South Saskatchewan River Watershed to address these issues and interests. The management and protection of water resources for the benefit of Saskatchewan residents is best served when stakeholders work together and commit to actions that support a common goal. Watershed planning is an ongoing process established by open communication between stakeholders conducted at round-table discussions within various communities. The planning process normally takes between two to three years, depending on watershed complexity. The Plan will focus on source water protection and contain information such as the Background Report of the watershed, analysis of issues and perceived threats, commitment to action, timelines and responsibilities, a measure of results and an evaluation of effort. Acknowledgements The development of the Background Report would not be possible without all the hard work and dedication from the Technical Committee members and their agencies. Special thanks to Kristin Walker, Saskatchewan Watershed Authority, for helping edit and format the Background Report. Table of Contents List of Appendices ..................................................................................................................... vi 1.0 Introduction...........................................................................................................................1 1.1 Source Water and Human Health .........................................................................................1 2.0 Watershed Characteristics....................................................................................................3 2.1 Physical Characteristics........................................................................................................3 Physical Setting ....................................................................................................................3 Ecoregions............................................................................................................................5 Land Use ..............................................................................................................................5 Soils......................................................................................................................................5 Vegetation ............................................................................................................................5 Fish.......................................................................................................................................6 Fish Habitat and Use ..........................................................................................................12 Mercury-in-Fish Consumption Guidelines ...........................................................................12 Walleye Stocking in Saskatchewan.....................................................................................12 Commercial Fishing ............................................................................................................12 Wildlife................................................................................................................................13 Species at Risk...................................................................................................................13 Demographics.....................................................................................................................14 3.0 Economic Activities.............................................................................................................18 3.1 Agriculture ..........................................................................................................................18 Beef: Cow-Calf...................................................................................................................18 Beef: Feedlots....................................................................................................................18 Specialized Livestock..........................................................................................................21 Dairy ...................................................................................................................................21 Forages ..............................................................................................................................21 Hogs ...................................................................................................................................21 Regulations.........................................................................................................................21 Potential Impacts from Livestock Operations (Intensive and Extensive)..............................22 Crops..................................................................................................................................25 Cultivation Practices and Trends.........................................................................................25 Fertilizer Practices and Trends ...........................................................................................25 Pesticide Practices and Trends...........................................................................................32 Potato Production ...............................................................................................................33 Biological Noxious Weed Control for Scentless Chamomile................................................33 The Pest Management Regulatory Agency.........................................................................33 Irrigation..............................................................................................................................36 Irrigation Projects and Acres Irrigated .................................................................................38 Surface Water Quality for Irrigation.....................................................................................39 Agriculture Production Profile of the Saskatoon Region ......................................................39 3.2 Mineral Extraction ...............................................................................................................40 Potash, Salt and Subsurface Brine Mining ..........................................................................41 3.3 Oil and Gas Industry ...........................................................................................................42 Review of Development on Crown Land .............................................................................44 3.4 Urban Development............................................................................................................45 3.5 Tourism and Recreation......................................................................................................45 4.0 Water Resources ................................................................................................................47 4.1 Surface Water Resources...................................................................................................47 Prairie Provinces Water Board............................................................................................47 i Swift Current Creek.............................................................................................................47 Water Quality......................................................................................................................48 Water Quality Index ............................................................................................................48 Results................................................................................................................................49 Trend Analysis....................................................................................................................50 Contaminants......................................................................................................................51 Surface Water Availability ...................................................................................................52 Municipal and Domestic Water Use ....................................................................................52 Qu’Appelle Dam Diversion Project......................................................................................52 Industrial Water Use ...........................................................................................................53 Surface Water Allocations...................................................................................................53 Allocations within the South Saskatchewan River Watershed.............................................55 Average Community Water Use..........................................................................................56 Environmental/Instream ......................................................................................................57 4.1.1 Major Water Resources Development...........................................................................60