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Home , Chronology of Jesus, New Chronology (Fomenko)

GORDON-CONWELL THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY NT 914 Spring 2011. Mondays, 9:10–12:10 am. Eckhard J. Schnabel. email: [email protected]

COURSE DESCRIPTION A study of the origins and the growth of the early in the context of the history and the culture of the early , with particular attention to historical events, developments, and personalities, including chronological questions, exegetical interpretation of key New Testament and extra-biblical passages, and theological analyses of major trajectories.

COURSE OBJECTIVES  Students will become familiar with the relevant historical sources, the basic critical issues, and the historical developments in earliest between A.D. 30–70.  Students will be able to consolidate their expertise in biblical research, focusing on historical and exegetical issues in terms of a close reading of relevant texts.  Students will expand their knowledge of both the Jewish and Greco-Roman world and the history of the early church.  Students will acquire a deepened awareness of the relevance of history for the church.

REQUIREMENTS 1. Students are expected to read Barnett, Dunn, Schnabel (see Texts). 2. Students will write a summary (500 words) of the various proposals that have been made for the star of (Matt. 2:1–12) (Paper I). 3. Students will submit a review (2,000 words) which compares the treatment of the Apostles’ Council (Acts 15) in Barnett, Schnabel, Dunn, and Witherington (Paper II). 4. Students will write a short paper (2,000 words) on the date of ’ (Paper III). 5. Students will write a brief biography of Peter (2,000 words) (Paper IV).

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6. Th.M. students write a major paper (8,000 words) on one of the following topics (Paper V). Students will distribute a one page summary of their research in class.

1. The Claudius edicts and their impact on the history of the church 2. The church in : A prosopographical study 3. The death of Stephen: Historical and legal issues 4. Peter’s departure from Jerusalem: Facts, assumptions, and questions 5. The proposal of a Pauline mission to northern Galatia 6. The social situation of wealthy Christians: The test case of Corinth 7. The establishment of the church in the city of Rome: Historical questions 8. The death of Peter in the city of Rome: Archaeology and faith 9. The early churches and their meeting places: An historical investigation 10. The origins of : The meaning of Χριστο' ς 11. The origins of christology: The worship of Jesus 12. The expectation of Jesus’ parousia in the early church

Grading: Paper I 10%; Paper II 10%; Paper III 20%; Paper IV 20%; Paper V 40%. Grading scale: A:96-100. A-:93-95. B+:91-92. B:87-90. B-:84-86. C+:80-83. C:77-79. C-:72-76. D+:69-71. D:67-68. D-:65-66. F:65-0.

TEXTS

Barnett, Paul W. Jesus and the Rise of Early Christianity. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1999 Dunn, James D. G. Beginning from Jerusalem. Christianity in the Making II. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009 Schnabel, Eckhard J. Jesus in Jerusalem: The Last Days. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2018

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WARNING ON PLAGIARISM: Helpful guidelines on plagiarism can be found here: https://wts.indiana.edu/writing- guides/plagiarism.html. This document has the official recognition of the Gordon-Conwell faculty and provides helpful tools to guide you as you prepare for your assignments. Students who are caught plagiarizing will receive the consequences of this act according to the process established by the seminary.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: To protect the professor’s intellectual property rights with regard to classroom content, students are asked to refrain from audio and video recording of classes, as well as audio, video, and written publication (including internet posting and broadcasting) or live transmission of classroom proceedings.

INTERNET USAGE: Students are asked to refrain from accessing the internet at any point during class sessions, unless otherwise instructed by the professor. “Surfing the web,” checking email, and other internet-based activities are distracting to other students and to the professor, and prevent the student from fully participating in the class session.

EXTENSION POLICY: Students who wish to submit course work after the last day for written work must receive prior approval from the Student Life Office upon formal petition. Additional will be granted to students who have lost time for unforeseen reasons. Students should consult the full extension petition and policy, located in the Registration Hub in Canvas for detailed instructions. Petitions must be filed before the last day for written work as specified in the Academic . Students who require ongoing extensions for medical or physical reasons should review the Disability Accommodations Policy outlined in the Policies & Procedures section of the handbook and consult the Dean of Students.

ADA ACCOMMODATIONS: Gordon-Conwell is committed to creating a learning environment that meets the needs of its diverse student body. If you have a special need or disability, please meet with the Dean of Students to request an official accommodation through the Request for Accommodations form. Students who receive an accommodation are asked to meet with the Dean of Students to discuss the provisions of their accommodation as soon as possible.

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SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

New Testament History: Introductory texts

Barnett, Paul W. Jesus and the Rise of Early Christianity: A History of New Testament . Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1999 Bruce, F. F. New Testament History. New York: Doubleday, 1969 [1972] Conzelmann, Hans. History of Primitive Christianity. Nashville: Abingdon, 1973 Dunn, James D. G. The Partings of the Ways. Between Christianity and and their Significance for the Character of Christianity. London / Philadelphia: SCM / Press International, 1991 Dunn, James D. G. Jesus Remembered. Christianity in the Making I. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003 Dunn, James D. G. Beginning from Jerusalem. Christianity in the Making II. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009 Hyldahl, Niels. The History of Early Christianity. SRHEC 3. Frankfurt: Lang, 1997 Schnabel, Eckhard J. Early . Vol.1: Jesus and the Twelve. Vol. 2: Paul and the Early Church. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2004 (orig. Urchristliche Mission. Wuppertal: R. Brockhaus, 2002) Stegemann, Ekkehard and Wolfgang Stegemann, The Jesus Movement: A Social History of its First Century. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1999 Witherington, Ben. New Testament History: A Narrative Account. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001

New Testament History: Selected Studies

Barnett, Paul, The Birth of Christianity: The First Twenty Years. After Jesus Volume 1. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2005 Bauckham, Richard, ed. The Book of Acts in its Palestinian Setting. The Book of Acts in Its First-Century Setting Volume 4. Exeter: Paternoster, 1995 Bauckham, Richard. God Crucified. Monotheism and Christology in the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999 Bauckham, Richard. Women: Studies of the Named Women in the . Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002 Blinzler, Josef. The Trial of Jesus. Cork: Mercier, 1969 Blinzler, Josef. The Gospels for all Christians: Rethinking Audiences. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998 Bock, Darrell L. Studying the : A Guide to Sources and Methods. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2002 Bock, Darrell L., and Robert L. Webb, eds., Key Events in the Life of the Historical Jesus: A Collaborative Exploration of Context and Coherence. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010 Brown, Raymond E. The Birth of the : A Commentary on the Infancy Narratives in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. New York: Doubleday, 1993 Brown, Raymond E. The Death of the Messiah: From Gethsemane to the Grave. A Commentary on the Passion Narratives in the four Gospels. 2 vols. Anchor Reference Library. New York: Doubleday, 1994 Bruce, F. F. “Chronological Questions in the .” BJRL 68 (1986) 273–295 Bruggen, Jakob van. on Earth: The Gospel Narratives as History. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1998 Casey, Maurice. “ and the Development of Pauline Christology.” In Paul and Paulinism. FS C.K.Barrett. Edited by M.D.Hooker et al. London: SPCK, 1982, 124–134 Chilton, Bruce and Craig A. Evans, eds., James the Just and Christian origins. NT.Sup 98. Leiden: Brill, 1999 Chilton, Bruce and Craig A. Evans, eds. Authenticating the Activities of Jesus. NTTS 28.2. Leiden: Brill, 1998 Clarke, Andrew D. Secular and Christian Leadership in Corinth: A Socio-Historical and Exegetical Study of 1 Corinthians 1–6. AGAJU 18. Leiden: Brill, 1993 Evans, Craig A. and Bruce Chilton, ed. Authenticating the Activities of Jesus. NTTS 28.2. Leiden: Brill, 1998 Gehring, Roger W. House Church and Mission: The Importance of Household Structures in Early Christianity. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2004 Griggs, C. Wilfred Early Egyptian Christianity from its Origins to 451 C.E. Coptic Studies 2. Leiden: Brill, 1991 Guarducci, Margherita. La tomba di San Pietro. Una straordinaria vicenda. Milan: Rusconi, 1989 Hengel, Martin, and Anna Maria Schwemer. Paul Between Damascus and Antioch: The Unknown Years. London: SCM 1997 (expanded German version: Paulus zwischen Damaskus und Antiochien. Die unbekannten Jahre des Apostels. WUNT 108. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1998) Martin Hengel and Anna Maria Schwemer, Jesus and Judaism (trans. W. Coppins; Waco/Tübingen: Baylor University Press/Mohr Siebeck, 2019) Hengel, Martin. Between Jesus and Paul: Studies in the Earliest . London: SCM, 1983

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Hengel, Martin. “Christology and New Testament Chronology.” In Between Jesus and Paul. 1972. London: SCM, 1983, 30–47, 155–166 Kee, Howard Clark. The Beginnings of Christianity: An Introduction to the New Testament. New York: T&T Clark, 2005 Lampe, Peter. From Paul to Valentinus: Christians at Rome in the First Two Centuries. Minneapolis: Fortress, 2003 Meier, John P. A Marginal Jew. Rethinking the Historical Jesus. Vol. 1. The Roots of the Problem and the Person. Vol. 2. Mentor, Message, and Miracles. Vol 3. Companions and Competitors. Vol. 4: Law and Love. Anchor Bible Reference Library. New York: Doubleday, 1991/1994/2001/2009 Murphy-O’Connor, Jerome. Paul: A Critical Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996 Taylor, Nicholas. Paul, Antioch and Jerusalem: A Study in Relationships and Authority in Earliest Christianity. JSNTSup 66. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1992 Patzia, Arthur G. The Emergence of the Church: Context, Growth, Leadership and Worship. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2001 Schnabel, Eckhard J. Jesus in Jerusalem: The Last Days. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2018 Skarsaune, Oskar and Reidar Hvalvik, eds. Jewish Believers in Jesus. Peabody: Hendrickson, 2007 Taylor, Nicholas H. “The Composition and Chronology of Second Corinthians.” JSNT 44 (1991) 67–87 Theissen, Gerd, and Annette Merz. The Historical Jesus: A Comprehensive Guide. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1998 Theissen, Gerd. The Gospels in Context: Social and Political History in the Synoptic Tradition. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1991 Wedderburn, Alexander J. M. “Paul’s Collection: Chronology and History.” NTS 48 (2002) 95–110 White, L. Michael. From Jesus to Christianity: How Four Generations of Visionaries & Storytellers Created the New Testament and Christian Faith. San Francisco: Harper, 2004 Wilcox, Max. “Jesus in the Light of his Jewish Environment.” ANRW II.25.1 (1982) 131–195 Wright, N. T. The New Testament and the (Christian Origins and the Question of God I. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1992 Wright, N. T. Jesus and the Victory of God. Christian Origins and the Question of God II. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1996 Wright, N. T. The Resurrection of the Son of God. Christian Origins and the Question of God III. Minneapolis: Fortress, 2003

Chronology

Alexander, Loveday C. A. “Chronology.” In Dictionary of Paul and his Letters. Edited by G. F. Hawthorne, R. P. Martin, and D. G. Reid. Downers Grove/Leicester: InterVarsity Press, 1993, 115–123 Bagnall, R. S. “The Beginnings of the Roman Census in Egypt.” GRBS 32 (1991) 255–265, plate 1 Beckwith, Roger T. Calendar and Chronology, Jewish and Christian: Biblical, Intertestamental and Patristic Studies. AGAJU 33. Leiden: Brill, 1996 Beckwith, Roger T. “The Significance of the Calendar for Interpreting Essene Chronology and Eschatology.” RQ 9 (1980) 167–202 Bickerman, Elias J. Chronology of the Ancient World. Aspects of Greek and Roman life. London: Thames and Hudson, 1980 Chen, Doron. “Dating Synagogues in Galilee: On the Evidence from Meroth and Capernaum.” SBFLA 40 (1990) 349–355, plates 55–58 Dockx, Stanislas. néotestamentaires et Vie de l’Église primitive. Leuven: Peeters, 1984 [1976] Doig, Kenneth F. New Testament Chronology. San Francisco: EMText, 1991 Donfried, K.P. “Chronology: New Testament.” Anchor Bible Dictionary 1 (1992) 1011–122 Eder, Walter and Johannes Renger, Chronologies of the Ancient World: Names, Dates and Dynasties. Brill’s New Pauly. Supplements; Brill: Leiden, 2007 Edwards, Ormond. “Herodian Chronology.” PEQ 114 (1982) 29–42 Finegan, Jack. Handbook of Biblical Chronology. Revised edition. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1998 [1964] Fritz, Volkmar. An Introduction to Biblical Archaeology. JSOTSSup 1172. Sheffield: Scholars Press, 1994 Giulio Firpo, Il problema cronologico della nascita di Gesù. Brescia: Paideia, 1983 Grabbe, Lester L. “Maccabean Chronology: 167–164 or 168–165 BCE.” JBL 110 (1991) 59–74 Grainger, John. Hellenistic Phoenicia. Oxford: Clarendon, 1991 Hoehner, Harold W. Chronological Aspects of the Life of Christ. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1977

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Hoehner, Harold W. “The Date of the Death of .” In Chronos, Kairos, Christos: Nativity and Chronological Studies. FS Jack Finegan. Edited by J. Vardaman and E. M. Yamauchi. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1989, 101–111 Hoehner, Harold W. “Chronology.” In Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels. Edited by J. B. Green, S. McKnight, and I. H. Marshall. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1992, 118–122 Hoehner, Harold W. “History and Chronology of the New Testament.” In Foundations for Biblical Interpretation. A Complete Library of Tools and Resources. Edited by D. S. Dockery, K. A. Mathews, and R. B. Sloan. Nashville: Broadman, 1994, 454–488 House, H. Wayne. Chronological and Background Charts of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1981 Humphreys, Colin J. “The Jewish Calendar, a and the Date of Christ’s Crucifixion.” TynB 43 (1992) 331–351 Humphreys, Colin J., and W. G. Waddington. “Dating the Crucifixion.” In Chronos, Kairos, Christos: Nativity and Chronological Studies. FS Jack Finegan. Edited by J.Vardaman and E.M.Yamauchi. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1989, 172–181 Hyldahl, Niels. Die paulinische Chronologie. Acta Theologica Danica 19. Leiden: Brill, 1986. Jaubert, Annie. La date de la Cène. Paris: Gabalda, 1957 Jewett, Robert. A Chronology of Paul’s Life. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1979 Knox, John. Chapters in a Life of Paul. New York: Abingdon, 1950 Kokkinos, Nikos. “Crucifixion in A.D. 36: The Keystone for Dating the Birth of Jesus.” In Chronos, Kairos, Christos: Nativity and Chronological Studies. FS Jack Finegan. Edited by J.Vardaman and E.M.Yamauchi. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1989 Litke, Wayne. “Acts 7.3 and Samaritan Chronology.” New Testament Studies 42 (1996) 156–160 Lüdemann, Gerd. Paul, Apostle to the Gentiles: Studies in Chronology. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984 Maier, Paul L. “The Date of the Nativity and the ’ Life.” In Chronos, Kairos, Christos: Nativity and Chronological Studies. FS Jack Finegan. Edited by J.Vardaman and E.M.Yamauchi. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1989, 113–130 Maier, Paul L. “Chronology.” In Dictionary of the Later New Testament and Its Developments. Edited by P. H. , and R. P. Martin. Downers Grove and Leicester: InterVarsity Press, 1997, 184–194 Miller, Johny V. “The Time of the Crucifixion.” JETS 26 (1983) 157–166. Moberly, Robert B. “New Testament Chronology: Some Current Ideas.” Theology 97 (1994) 170–179 Moody, Dale. “A for the New Testament.” Rev Exp 78 (1981) 211–231 Moody, Dale. “A New Chronology for the Life and Letters of Paul.” In Chronos, Kairos, Christos: Nativity and Chronological Studies. FS Jack Finegan. Edited by J.Vardaman and E.M.Yamauchi. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1989, 223–240 Ogg, George. The Chronology of the Life of Paul. London: Epworth Press, 1968. Riesenfeld, H. “Do We Have Two Cultures? On the Dating of Jesus’ Death.” SEÅ 51–52 (1986–87) 192–202 Riesner, Rainer. Paul’s Early Period: Chronology, Mission Strategy, Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998 Robinson, J.A.T. Redating the New Testament. London: SCM, 1976 Ruckstuhl, Eugen. Die Chronologie des Letzten Mahles und des Leidens Jesu, 1963 Samuel, Alan E. Greek and Roman Chronology: and Years in Classical Antiquity. Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft I.7. München: Beck, 1972 Schwartz, Daniël R. Studies in the Jewish Background of Christianity. WUNT 60. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1992 Schwartz, Daniël R. “On Some Papyri and ’ Sources and Chronology for the Persian Period.” JSJ 21 (1990) 175–199 Slingerland, H. Dixon. “Acts 18:1-17 and Luedemann’s Pauline Chronology.” JBL 109 (1990) 686–690 Slingerland, H. Dixon. “Acts 18:1-18, the Gallio Inscription, and Absolute Pauline Chronology.” JBL 110 (1991) 439–449 Slingerland, H. Dixon. “Suetonius Claudius 25,4, Acts 18, and Paulus Orosius’ Historiarum adversum Paganos Libri VII: Dating the Claudian Expulsions(s) of Roman .” JQR 83 (1992) 127–144 Smith, Barry D. “The Chronology of the .” WThJ 53 (1991) 29–45 Suhl, Alfred. Paulus und seine Briefe. Ein Beitrag zur paulinischen Chronologie. StNT 11. Gütersloh: Mohn, 1975 Thorley, John. “When Was Jesus Born?” Greece and Rome 28 (1981) 81–89 Vardaman, Jerry. “Jesus’ Life: A New Chronology.” In Chronos, Kairos, Christos: Nativity and Chronological Studies. FS Jack Finegan. Edited by J. Vardaman/E. M. Yamauchi. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1989, 55–82 Varneda, Villalba. The Historical Method of Flavius Josephus. ALGhJ 19. Leiden: Brill, 1986 Wacholder, B. Z. “Biblical Chronology in the Hellenistic World .” HThR 61 (1968) 451–481

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Wacholder, B. Z. “The Calendar of Sabbatical Cycles during the and Early Rabbinic Period.” Hebrew Union College Annual 44 (1973) 153–196 Wacholder, B. Z. “The Date of the Eschaton in the Book of Jubilees: A Commentary on Jub 49.22–50.5; CD 1.1–10, and 16.2–3.” HUCA 56 (1985) 87–101 Witherington, Ben. “Birth of Jesus.” In Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels. Edited by J. B. Green, S. McKnight, and I. H. Marshall. Downers Grove/Leicester: InterVarsity Press, 1992, 60–74 Wojciechowski, Michal. “The Basic Chronology of the Life of Jesus.” QChr 5 (1995) 74–83

Commentaries

Carson, Don A. Matthew. EBC. 1984 Davies, W. D. / D. C. Allison. Matthew. ICC. 1988/1991/1997 France, R.T. Matthew. NICNT. 2007 Gundry, Robert H. Matthew. Eerdmans. 1982 Hagner, Donald A. Matthew. WBC. 1993/1995 Keener, Craig S. Matthew. Eerdmans. 1999 Luz, Ulrich. Matthew . Hermeneia. 2007/2001/2005 Nolland, John. Matthew. NIGTC. 2005 Osborne, Grant R. Matthew. ZECNT. 2010 Talbert, Charles H. Matthew. Paideia. 2010 Turner, L. Matthew. BECNT. 2008

Boring, M. Eugene. Mark. NTL. 2006 Chilton, Bruce, Darrell Bock, and Daniel M. Gurtner, Mark. NTGJC. 2010 Evans, Craig A. Mark 8:27–16:20. WBC. 2001 France, R. T. Mark. NIGTC. 2002 Guelich, Robert A. Mark 1:1–8:27. WBC. 1989 Gundry, Robert H. Mark. Eerdmans. 1993 Lane, William L. Mark. NICNT. 1974 Mann, Christopher S. Mark. AB. 1986 Taylor, Vincent. Mark. Thornapple Commentaries. 1951/1966. Witherington. Ben. Mark. Eerdmans. 2001 Yarbro Collins, Adela. Mark. Hermeneia. 2007

Bock, Darrell L. Luke. BECNT. 1995/1996 Bovon, François. Luke. Hermeneia. 2002–2005 Fitzmyer, Joseph A. Luke. AB. 1981/1985 Green, Joel. Luke. NICNT. 1997 Johnson, Luke Timothy. Luke. SP. 1991 Marshall, I. Howard, The . NIGTC. 1978 Nolland, John, Luke. WBC 35. 1989/1993

Barrett, C. K. John. SPCK. 2nd edition 1978 Beasley–Murray, George R. John. WBC. 1987 Brown, Raymond E. John. AB. 1966/1970 Carson, Don A. John. IVP 1991 Haenchen, Ernst. John. Hermeneia 1984 Keener, Craig S. John. Hendrickson. 2003 Köstenberger, Andreas. John. BECNT. 2004 McHugh, John. John 1–4. ICC. 2009 Michaels, J. Ramsey. John. NICNT. 2010 Morris, Leon. John. NICNT. 1971 Schnackenburg, Rudolf. John. Crossroad. 1968/1980/1982 Wahlde, Urban C. von. The Gospel and Letters of John. ECC. 2010

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Barrett, C. K. Acts. ICC. 1994/1998 Bock, Darrell. Acts. BECNT. 2007 Bruce, F. F. Acts. NICNT. 1988 Conzelmann, Hans. Acts. ET Hermeneia. 1987 Dunn, James D. G. Acts. EpComm. 1996 Fitzmyer, Joseph A. Acts. AncB. 1998 Haenchen, Ernst. Acts. ET Westminster. 1971 Johnson, Luke Timothy. Acts. Sacra Pagina. 1992 Keener, C. S. Acts. Baker. 2012–2014 Marshall, I. Howard, Acts. TNTC. 1980 Pervo, R. I. Acts. Hermeneia 2008 Peterson, Acts. Pillar 2009 Schnabel, Eckhard J. Acts. ZECNT. 2012 Witherington, Ben. Acts. Eerdmans. 1998

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COURSE SCHEDULE

Jan 25 Introduction: History and the study of history The sources: Christian texts, Jewish texts, Greco-Roman texts, non-literary texts Feb 1 New Testament Chronology I: Dates and dating New Testament Chronology II: The birth of Jesus 8 New Testament Chronology III: The death of Jesus New Testament Chronology IV: Paul Due Paper I 15 Reading Week 22 Jesus and the Twelve The trial and death of Jesus Due Paper II March 1 Stephen and the Hellenists in Jerusalem Peter: Church leader in Jerusalem. The church in the city of Rome 8 The Twelve after A.D. 42 The Apostle Thomas in India 15 Paul I: Conversion and the early years Paul II: The significance of the church in Antioch 22 Paul III: Relations with Jerusalem Paul IV: Missionary work in Asia Minor and in Greece Due Paper III

29 Reading Week

April 5 The Apostles’ Council I: History of research The Apostles’ Council II: Analysis of Acts 15 Due Paper IV 12 The persecution of the church in the first century; the death of Peter and Paul Church leaders and missionaries: James, , John, Apollos, Priscilla, Junia Due Paper V 19 Class presentation of main papers 26 Class presentation of main papers

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