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Penamaan Desa Dan Dusun Di Kecamatan Wringin Kabupaten Bondowoso (Kajian Etimologi Dan Semantik)

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Penamaan Desa Dan Dusun Di Kecamatan Wringin Kabupaten Bondowoso (Kajian Etimologi Dan Semantik) Volume 1 (1) Juni 2016 PUBLIKA BUDAYA Halaman 1-10 1 PENAMAAN DESA DAN DUSUN DI KECAMATAN WRINGIN KABUPATEN BONDOWOSO (KAJIAN ETIMOLOGI DAN SEMANTIK) THE NAMING OF VILLAGE IN THE WRINGIN SUBDISTRICT BONDOWOSO REGENSY (STUDY OF ETYMOLOGY AND SEMANTICS) Esi Emalisa, Kusnadi, Ali Badrudin Jurusan Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Jember Jln. Kalimantan 37, Jember 68121 E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This research is purpose to describe the backround of the villages name, derivation of villages name and the meaning of villages name in the subdistrict wringin bondowoso regency. The research is practicable in three steps, first is preparing data, second is processing data and the third is presentation of data. preparing data is collecting data that require by observation technique and depth interview. The result of observation technique is documentation data and the result of dept interview technique is information about the research. Analysing data is doing by analyse data use padan referencial technique to answer the problems of the research. Presentation of data doing by present the result of the research by formal method and informal method. The of the villages that use as sample is in the subdistrict wringin, bondowoso regency. Based on the analysing data that done, can be conclude that names of the village and hamlet in the wringin subdistrict, bondowoso regency that formed as infinitive, affixes, reduplication words and phrase. Consider from etimology, all names of the vilage has derivation that clasified by nature element, thing element based on the process of develop, based on the pray and hope and the sircumstances. Key words: village name and hamlet, etimology, semantic. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan latar belakang bentuk nama desa, asal-usul nama desa dan makna nama desa di Kecamatan Wringin Kabupaten Bondowoso. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam tiga tahap, yakni tahap penyediaan data, tahap analisis data, dan tahap penyajian hasil penelitian. Penyediaan data dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data yang dibutuhkan dengan teknik observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Teknik observasi menghasilkan data dokumentasi di lapangan dan teknik wawancara mendalam menghasilkan informasi terkait yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian. Tahap analisis data dilakukan dengan menganalisis data yang diperoleh menggunakan teknik padan refrensial untuk menjawab permasalahan penelitian. Tahap penyajian data dilakukan dengan menyajikan hasil penelitian dengan metode formal dan informal. Nama desa yang digunakan sebagai sampel berada di bawah Kecamatan Wringin, Kabupaten Bondowoso. Berdasakan analisis data yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Nama-nama Desa dan Dusun di Kecamatan Wringin, Kabupaten Bondowoso ada yang berbentuk kata dasar, kata berimbuhan, kata ulang dan frasa. Ditinjau dari segi etimologi semua mempunyai asal-usul yang diklasifikasikan berdasarkan unsur alam, unsur benda, berdasarkan proses Berdirinya, berdasarkan doa dan harapan, dan berdasarkan keadaan. Kata kunci: nama desa dan dusun, etimologi, semantik. Artikel Ilmiah Mahasiswa 2016 Volume 1 (1) Juni 2016 PUBLIKA BUDAYA Halaman 1-10 2 1. PENDAHULUAN Dictionary, istilah toponym pertama kali muncul Pernyataan behind the name is a long history dalam bahasa Ingrris pada tahun 1876 (Santosa of settlement berarti ‘dibalik nama ada sejarah dalam Basuki dan Marwati, 20014:208). panjang peradapan manusia’. Manusia memberi Toponimi atau nama tempat merupakan sebutan nama lingkungannya sejak manusia berbudaya dan yang diberikan kepada unsur rupabumi berupa menetap di suatu tempat di bumi Rais (dalam tulisan di peta atau papan nama petunjuk jalan Basuki dan Marwati, 2014:208). Nama-nama atau lokasi suatu tempat serta sebagi informasi gunung, sungai, bukit, jalan, nama diri, tempat ruang geografi tertentu. Toponimi merupakan usaha, dan bahkan nama suatu desa diberikan ilmu yang mempelajari nama tempat (toponim), untuk acuan masyarakat itu sendiri, dengan kata mulai dari asal usul, arti, makna, penggunaan, dan lain tidak ada nama yang tidak memiliki arti atau tipologinya (Basuki dan Marwati, 2014:208). sejarah. Nama-nama yang ada disekitar sering kita Dalam kehidupan seringkali manusia, tentu abaikan maknanya atau sering mengabaikan arti saja termasuk kita, sukar memberi nama-nama dari nama itu sendri, padahal nama yang sering atau label-label terhadap benda-benda atau dipakai setiap hari atau yang sering diucapakan peristiwa-peristiwa yang ada di sekelilingnya setiap saat sangat bermakna dan dapat ditelusuri karena terlalu banyaknya dan sangat beragamnya asal muasal nama itu diberikan. Setiap nama benda-benda atau peristiwa-peristiwa tersebut. dalam masyarakat punya makna tertentu, sehingga Oleh karena itu, lahirlah nama kelompok dari nama-nama desa, dusun, nama diri, gunung, benda atau hal yang berjenis-jenis itu, misalnya sungai tersebut muncul. nama binatang, nama tumbuh-tumbuhan, nama Nama sebagai lambang bersifat arbitrer. Akan buah-buahan, dan sebagainya. Yang dinamai tetapi, masih dapat ditelusuri sebab-sebab atau rumput, misalnya, adalah sejenis tumbuhan hal-hal yang melatarbelakangi. Istilah nama sering rendah, yang meliputi beratus mungkin beribu- diartikan sebagai kata sebutan yang dijadikan ribu spesies. Mungkin kita tahu nama pohon identitas seseorang untuk memanggil atau seperti durian, salak, mangga, atau pisang; tetapi menyebut suatu barang agar berbeda dengan orang pergilah ke hutan atau ke kebun raya, pasti masih lain. Pemberian nama orang biasanya disertai lebih banyak jenis pohon yang namanya tidak harapan atau doa orang tua untuk anaknya. anda kenal. Pemberian nama tempat berhubungan dengan Arti Nama desa dan dusun tidak banyak peristiwa atau kejadian yang mengiringi penamaan diketahui oleh masyarakat karena faktor yang suatu daerah, hal-hal yang dianggap aneh, dan melatarbelangi perubahan sosial. Salah satu faktor orang yang menjadi cikal bakal (Basuki dan tersebut adalah kurangnya keingintahuan tentang Marwati, 2014:208). sejarah penamaan desa. Nama desa dan dusun Penamaan suatu benda atau konsep berdasarkan tersebut merupakan bentuk warisan nenek moyang bagian dari benda itu biasanya berdasarkan ciri atau orang kuno yang seharusnya tetap dijaga dan khas atau yang menonjol dari benda itu yang dilestarikan dari generasi ke generasi. Berdasarkan sudah diketahui secara umum. Misalnya, pada batasan-batasan mengenai penamaan desa dan tahun enam puluhan saat ada yang orang dusun masuk dalam kajian etimologi semantik mengatakan “ingin membeli rumah tetapi tidak karena mengkaji tentang asal usul nama-nama ada kata sudirmannya”, maka kata sudirman yang desa dan dusun yang ada di Kecamatan Wringin, dimaksud adalah karena pada waktu itu uang Kabupaten Bondowoso. bergambar Jenderal Sudirman. Sekarang mungkin Semantik adalah ilmu makna, membicarakan dikatakan orang tidak ada kartininya sebab uang makna, bagaimana mula adanya makna sesuatu kertas sekarang bergambar R. A Kartini (lembaran (misalnya: sejarah kata, dalam arti bagaimana kata sepuluh ribu) (Chaer, 1994:46). itu muncul), bagaimana perkembangannya, dan Penamaan suatu tempat yang kemudian disebut mengapa terjadi perubahan makna dalam sejarah sebagai ‘toponim’ menjadi suatu bentuk hubungan bahasa (Slametmuljana dalam Djajasudarma khusus antara manusia dan tempat tersebut. 1993:14). Meskipun sejak awal manusia berkediaman sudah Menurut Chaer (1994: 13) etimologi adalah menamai tempatnya, menurut Oxford English studi tentang asal-usul kata, perubahan kata, dan Artikel Ilmiah Mahasiswa 2016 Volume 1 (1) Juni 2016 PUBLIKA BUDAYA Halaman 1-10 3 perubahan makna. Pembelajaran tentang etimologi dijabarkan sesuai dengan alat dan sifat yang juga merupakan cabang ilmu dari linguistik. dipakai (Sudaryanto, 1988:62). Penelitian Beberapa kata yang telah diambil dari bahasa lain, deskriptif ini menyajikan gambaran mengenai kemungkinan dalam bentuk yang telah diubah bentuk dan makna nama-nama desa dan dusun di (kata asal disebut sebagai etimon). Melalui naskah Kecamatan Wringin. Dengan metode ini tua dan perbandingan bahasa lain, etimologis dikumpulkan data-data dari objek yang telah merekontruksi asal usul suatu kata dalam suatu ditentukan, kemudian dikemukakan apa adanya. bahasa, dari sumber apa, dan bagaimana bentuk Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam tiga tahap, yakni dan arti dari kata tersebut berubah. Berdasarkan tahap penyediaan data, tahap analisis data, dan uraian tersebut di atas dapat ditarik rumusan tahap penyajian hasil penelitian. Penyediaan data masalah dalam penelitian ini sebagai berikut: dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data yang 1.Bagaimana bentuk nama desa dan dusun di dibutuhkan dengan teknik observasi dan Kecamatan Wringin, Kabupaten Bondowoso? wawancara mendalam.Observasi dilakukan 2.Bagaimana sistem penamaan desa dan dusun di dengan pengamatan dan pencatatan yang Kecamatan Wringin, Kabupaten Bondowoso? sistematis terhadap gejala-gejala yang diteliti. Moleong (1994:175) mengatakan bahwa 2. METODE PENELITIAN pengamatan langsung dilakukan untuk Metode penelitian merupakan alat, prosedur, mengoptimalkan kemampuan peneliti dari segi dan teknik yang dipilih untuk melaksanakan motif, kepercayaan, perhatian,perilaku tak sadar, penelitian dalam pengumpulan data kebiasaan, sehingga peneliti dapat melihat dunia (Djajasudarma, 1993:4). Metode merupakan yang dilihat informan serta dapat merasakan apa prosedur penelitian yang ruang lingkupnya lebih yang dialami dan dirasakan informasi sehingga luas daripada teknik. Oleh karena itu, dapat peneliti bisa menjadi sumber data. Namun, dalam dipahami
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