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Waste Analysis at Facilities That Generate, Treat, Store and Dispose

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Waste Analysis at Facilities That Generate, Treat, Store and Dispose April 2015 http://www.epa.gov ‐ Final Table of Contents i DISCLAIMER This manual represents EPA’s current thinking on this topic. It does not create or confer any rights for or on any person or operate to bind the public. You can use an alternative approach if the approach satisfies the requirements of the applicable statutes and regulations. If you want to discuss an alternative approach (you are not required to do so), you may contact the EPA staff responsible for implementing this manual. In addition, please note that state hazardous waste programs may be more stringent and/or broader in scope than the federal program. If you cannot identify the appropriate EPA staff, call the number listed in the Acknowledgment. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This guidance manual was developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery and was funded under EPA Contract No. EP-W-10- 056. For questions about the document, please contact the Work Group Chair: Gail Hansen, 703-308-0463, [email protected]. EPA wishes to acknowledge and thank the following EPA and state representatives for providing input into the manual: Mary Andrews (OGC), Jim Aycock (EPA Region 7), Emily Chow (OECA), Jace Cuje (ORD), Laura Dahlgren (Georgia), Darleen Groner (Missouri), Vishnu Katari (OECA), Christopher Lambesis (EPA Region 5), Sharon Leitch (EPA Region 1), Beth Lohman (Virginia), Maliha Nash (ORD), Liz McCarthy (EPA Region 1), Todd Ramaly (EPA Region 5), Wray R. Rohrman (EPA Region 7), Tracy Sheppard (OGC), Jan Simmons (Georgia), Steve Simoes (Vermont), Don J. Smith (NEIC), Amy Walden (Wisconsin), and Stephen Yee (EPA Region 1). Waste Analysis at Facilities that Generate, Treat, Store, and Dispose of Hazardous Wastes Table of Contents Acronym List ...................................................................................................... iv Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 PART ONE: RCRA Waste Analysis – An Overview .............................................. 1-1 1.0 What Waste Analysis Requirements Must You Meet? .................................................... 1-1 1.1 Generator and TSDF Waste Analysis Requirements ............................................... 1-3 1.1.1 Generator Waste Analysis Requirements ................................................... 1-3 1.1.2 TSDF Waste Analysis Requirements ......................................................... 1-10 1.1.3 Transmitting Waste Analysis Information ................................................ 1-13 1.2 How Can You Meet The Waste Analysis Requirements For Your Facility? .......... 1-15 1.2.1 Sampling and Analysis for TSDFs .............................................................. 1-17 1.2.2 Acceptable Knowledge and TSDFs ............................................................ 1-19 1.2.3 Waste Analysis for Generators ................................................................. 1-24 PART TWO: Documenting and Conducting Waste Analysis ................... 2-1 2.0 Developing a WAP and Conducting Waste Analysis ........................................................ 2-1 2.1 Content and Organization of the WAP ................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Facility Description .................................................................................................. 2-6 2.2.1 Description of Facility Processes and Activities .......................................... 2-6 2.2.2 Identification/Classification of Hazardous Wastes Generated or Managed at Your Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility ...................... 2-7 2.2.3 Description of Hazardous Waste Management Units ................................ 2-8 2.3 Systematic Planning .............................................................................................. 2-10 2.4 Selecting Waste Analysis Parameters ................................................................... 2-15 2.4.1 Criteria for Parameter Selection ............................................................... 2-16 2.4.2 Parameter Selection Process .................................................................... 2-20 2.4.3 Rationale for Parameter Selection ............................................................ 2-20 2.4.4 Special Parameter Selection Requirements ............................................. 2-22 2.5 Selecting Sampling Procedures ............................................................................. 2-27 2.5.1 Sampling Strategies and Sampling Frequencies ....................................... 2-28 2.5.2 Selecting Sample Equipment .................................................................... 2-39 2.5.3 Maintaining and Decontaminating Field Equipment ................................ 2-44 2.5.4 Sample Preservation and Storage ............................................................. 2-44 2.5.5 Establishing Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures.................... 2-45 2.5.6 Establishing Health and Safety Protocols ................................................. 2-50 Table of Contents i Waste Analysis at Facilities that Generate, Treat, Store, and Dispose of Hazardous Wastes 2.6 Selecting a Laboratory and Laboratory Analytical Methods ................................ 2-50 2.6.1 Selecting a Laboratory .............................................................................. 2-50 2.6.2 Selecting Laboratory Analytical Methods ................................................. 2-54 2.7 Quantifying Data Uncertainty ............................................................................... 2-58 2.8 Determining Re-Evaluation Frequencies .............................................................. 2-61 2.9 Special Procedural Requirements ......................................................................... 2-64 2.9.1 Procedures for Receiving Wastes Generated Off-Site .............................. 2-64 2.9.2 Procedures for Combustion Facilities ....................................................... 2-67 2.9.3 Procedures for Ignitable, Reactive, and Incompatible Waste .................. 2-71 2.9.4 Procedures for Complying with LDR Requirements ................................. 2-71 2.10 Discrepancy Policy ................................................................................................ 2-74 2.10.1 Manifest Discrepancies ............................................................................. 2-74 2.10.2 Discrepancies Between Incoming Waste and Profile ............................... 2-75 2.11 Rejection Policy ..................................................................................................... 2-76 2.12 Recordkeeping ...................................................................................................... 2-76 2.13 Corrective and Preventative Action Measures ..................................................... 2-79 PART THREE: Checklist .................................................................................... 3-1 PART FOUR: Sample WAPs ............................................................................... 4-1 Example WAP 1: Waste Analysis Plan for ACE Chemical Services ............................................... 4-2 Example WAP 2: Waste Analysis Plan of Container Management Incorporated (CMI) ............ 4-33 APPENDICES Appendix A: Hazardous Waste Identification .............................................................................. A-1 Appendix B: Regulatory Summary .............................................................................................. B-1 Appendix C: Regulatory Citations for Conducting Waste Analysis ............................................. C-1 Appendix D: Overview of Major Hazardous Waste Management Units .................................... D-1 Appendix E: Glossary of Key Terms.............................................................................................. E-1 Appendix F: Key Considerations and Tips .................................................................................... F-1 Appendix G: References ............................................................................................................... G-1 Table of Contents ii Waste Analysis at Facilities that Generate, Treat, Store, and Dispose of Hazardous Wastes List of Tables TABLE 2-1: Reference Guide to Key Issues for Consideration When Developing WAPs ............. 2-4 TABLE 2-2: Description of Listed Wastes ..................................................................................... 2-7 TABLE 2-3: Description of Characteristic Waste .......................................................................... 2-8 TABLE 2-4: Sampling Approach Overview ................................................................................. 2-31 TABLE 2-5: Major Sample Types ................................................................................................ 2-33 TABLE 2-6: Applicability of Sampling Equipment to Wastestreams .......................................... 2-43 TABLE 2-7: Important QA Elements ........................................................................................... 2-52 TABLE 2-8: Laboratory QC Techniques ...................................................................................... 2-53 TABLE 2-9: Re-Evaluation Frequencies ...................................................................................... 2-63 List of Figures FIGURE 1-1: Summary of Generator Testing,
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