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UDA-Phase3.Pdf METROPOLITAN DESIGN CENTER University District Alliance URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK PHASE III Transforming the SEMI into a New Innovation District New University of Minnesota Innovation Campus The urge to preserve certain cities, or certain buildings and streets within them, has something in it of the instinct to preserve family records… [Cities] are live, changing things-–not hard artifacts in need of prettification and calculated revisions. We need to respect their rhythms and to recognize that the life of the city form must lie loosely somewhere between total control and total freedom of action. Spiro Kostof The Architect: Chapters on the History of the Profession, 1977 A Special Thanks Funding for this Direct Design Assistance project is provided through generous support from the McKnight Foundation and the Dayton Hudson Endowment. TABLE OF CONTENTS Sentinels of Memory: Maintaining the Sense of Place in a Landscape of Cultural History 02 Acknowledging the Legacy of Innovation in Minnesota’s Growth Economy 06 Thinking Beyond Property Lines: Land Reorganization and Value Capture in Transforming Post-Industrial Sites 10 Regenerative Site Plan 14 Innovation District - Detail Views 18 APPENDIX Restoring the Site: The Promise of Bio- and Phytoremediation 22 The GD III Graduate Urban Design Studio: Testing Regenerative Principles for the SEMI Area 28 Project Participants 36 References 37 Sentinels of Memory: Maintaining the Sense of Place in a Landscape of Cultural History Twin Cities, 1875 To Winnipeg, Canada To Duluth (Red River Valley) Kasota Ave SE 24th Ave SEAve 24th To Chicago 5th St SE The Urban landscape is not a text to be read, but a repository of To Breckenridge, MN (Red River Valley) SEMI Hwy 280 environmental memories far richer than any verbal code. Working 4th St SE 6th St SE 18th Ave SE with an inclusive urban landscape history can connect diverse Oak St SE To Iowa Energy Park Dr people, places, and communities, without losing a focus on the University Ave SE Electric Steel Elevators, 1906 process of shaping the city. Dolores Hayden, Beacon St SE 23rd Ave SE Intercampus Transit Walnut St SE Walnut 4th St SE The Power of Place, 1997 Washington Ave SE 25th Ave SE Huron St SE Delaware St SE 5th St SE Delaware St SE Delaware St SE Oak St SE The few buildings and industrial activities that remain today in the southeastern portion of Harvard St SE Essex St SE 29th Ave SE Ave 29th 26th Ave SE the SEMI district are the surviving structures of what not so long ago was one of Minneapolis’ Williams Ave SE 30th Ave SE N Eustis St 27th Ave SE Malcolm Ave SE Erie St SE Fulton St SE Ontario St SE 4th St SE regional, economic, and industrial powerhouses in the region. Around the turn of the 20th Dr Westgate Huron St E River Rd To Iowa University Ave SE To Chicago Century, an early industry supported the lumber and flour milling for which Minneapolis Sidney Pl Miles Railroad map of the Twin Cities with SEMI in orange, 1875 0 1.5 3 6 Feet became famous. Huge silos and elevator towers stored excess grain and mills processed 0250 500 1,000 ° wheat into flour, barley into malt for beer, and flax into linseed oil for paint products. As mills SEMI, 1953 Kasota Ave SE and railroad transport declined and the population moved out to the suburbs in the mid-20th Spencer Kellogg and Sons (linseed oil), 1930 century, many businesses left the district. SEAve 24th Over the years, land expansion by the City of Minneapolis and the University of Minnesota has transformed the western portion of the SEMI district. But a major portion of the land is 5th St SE still occupied by the BNSF rail yards that played a vital economic role in transforming the city of Minneapolis along with a few towering silos that stand as sentinels of memories from Hwy 280 4th St SE 6th St SE a previous era. Prior to this early industrial transformation, the landscape of the SEMI district 18th Ave SE was part of a vast system of hydrologically linked wetlands draining to the Mississippi River by Oak St SE Energy Park Dr three creeks. Today, fragile remnants of these wetlands are still present and efforts to recover University Ave SE Electric Steel Grain Silos one of its creeks—Bridal Veil — is under discussion. Beacon St SE 23rd Ave SE Intercampus Transit Walnut St SE Walnut 4th St SE Washington Ave SE 25th Ave SE The Growth of Industry and Railroads in Minneapolis Huron St SE Delaware St SE 5th St SE Delaware St SE Delaware St SE SEMI industries, 1948 Between 1860 and 1920, railroads completely changed not only American society, but the Oak St SE American landscape as well. Railroads guided how Minneapolis and the surrounding region Harvard St SE Essex St SE 29th Ave SE Ave 29th 26th Ave SE developed, spurring the dramatic growth of both industry and population during this time. It Williams Ave SE 30th Ave SE N Eustis St 27th Ave SE Malcolm Ave SE Erie St SE Fulton St SE Ontario St SE 4th St SE Westgate Dr Westgate was a combination of the great hydroelectric potential of St. Anthony Falls, the vast stands of Huron St E River Rd University Ave SE pine to the north, and the fertile soil of the prairies to the west, that attracted lumber production Sidney Pl 1953 aerial photograph, U.S. Department of Agriculture Feet and flour milling to Minneapolis as early as the 1820s. In Minneapolis, rails corridors were built 0250 500 1,000 ° first by the millers to serve their facilities on the riverfront allowing Minneapolis to become an SEMI, 1991 Kasota Ave SE international powerhouse in lumber and flour by the 1880s. 24th Ave SEAve 24th Grain Silos The collective impact of railways on the national fabric was 5th St SE nothing less than dramatic ...Rails overcame geographic Hwy 280 challenges, offered reliable service with calculated periodicity, 4th St SE 6th St SE Kurth Malting, 1958 18th Ave SE had an almost limitless capacity, and quickly became the Oak St SE Energy Park Dr nation’s basic means of transport. Railroads also became University Ave SE America’s first big business. They simultaneously gave rise to all sorts of manufacturing and commerce, changed Beacon St SE 23rd Ave SE Intercampus Transit Walnut St SE Walnut 4th St SE Washington Ave SE 25th Ave SE warehouse traditions, and spawned regionally specialized Huron St SE factory production. The net result was an integrated national Delaware St SE 5th St SE Delaware St SE Delaware St SE economy blending city and countryside into one. Oak St SE Harvard St SE Essex St SE 29th Ave SE Ave 29th 26th Ave SE Williams Ave SE 30th Ave SE N Eustis St 27th Ave SE Malcolm Ave SE Erie St SE Fulton St SE Ontario St SE 4th St SE Westgate Dr Westgate Huron St Don L. Hofsommer, E River Rd University Ave SE Sidney Pl Delmar I Grain Elevator Minneapolis and the Age of Railways, 2005 1991 aerial photograph, U.S. Geological Survey Feet Crescent Grain Elevator under demolition, 1978 0250 500 1,000 ° 2 3 The first rail line in Minnesota, the St. Paul & Pacific, was finally built Development of the SEMI District SEMI and Surrounding Area, 2012 in 1862 with a ten-mile track connecting the town of St. Anthony (later part of Minneapolis) to the steamboat docks in St. Paul. Soon, Detailed city atlases from the early 1900s are particularly revealing the St. Paul & Pacific extended northwest along the river, making its in telling the story of early industry development in the SEMI. It COMO NEIGHBORHOOD way toward the Red River Valley. As the capacity of the lumber and begins slowly in the 1890s with a few elevators, lumberyards, and MARCY-HOLMES Elm St SE flour mills at St. Anthony Falls increased, the millers began to feel the foundries dotting the district. Over time, additional elevators, linseed NEIGHBORHOOD negative effects of not having their own railroads. In response, millers oil mills, and machine shops crop up, and by 1914 the site became in Minneapolis begin organizing their own railroads infrastructure to clearly established as the home to silos and elevators, mills, and bypass the Chicago market. The first was the Minneapolis and Saint manufacturing complexes. The height of industry, judging from Kasota Ave SE Louis Railway, built in 1869, with hopes of ultimately connecting south aerial photographs, appears to be between the 1920s and the to St. Louis and north to Duluth. In 1871, a track was built to White Bear 1950s, indicating a dense zone filled with grain silos and rail yards Lake, connecting to an existing line to Duluth, giving Minneapolis surrounded by the expansion of the city of Minneapolis to the west access to Great Lakes shipping. The southern line ran south to and south. Beginning in the 1960s, however, structures and train Albert Lea in 1877 and finally to Fort Dodge, Iowa by 1878. This line tracks were removed and the empty land was used as parking lots. 15th Ave SE brought Minneapolis lumber to the south and grain from southern By the mid 2000s, we see the University of Minnesota campus Minnesota and coal from Iowa back to Minneapolis. Eventually the expanding eastward including the TCF Stadium and biotech buildings line did connect to rails to St. Louis, giving Minneapolis millers access occupying the area where mills and foundries once stood. to alternative markets. According to Charlene Roise’s account, the SEMI was one of the SEMI area By 1920, twenty-nine railroad lines served the city.
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