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PDF Van Tekst Het Boek. Serie 3. Jaargang 37 bron Het Boek. Serie 3. Jaargang 37. Martinus Nijhoff, Den Haag 1965-1966 Zie voor verantwoording: https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_boe031196501_01/colofon.php Let op: werken die korter dan 140 jaar geleden verschenen zijn, kunnen auteursrechtelijk beschermd zijn. XII [Het Boek, jaargang 1965-1966] Hertog Karel van Gelder Onbekende copie Copyright Gemeentemuseum Arnhem Het Boek. Serie 3. Jaargang 37 1 M.E. Kronenberg Contacten van Karel van Gelder met de drukpers en de wetenschappelijke wereld Hertog Karel van Gelder (van Egmond), een woelige, heerszuchtige figuur, die heel wat onrust heeft verwekt, eer hij tot de eeuwige rust is gekomen onder het fraaie praalgraf in de Eusebiuskerk. Zijn leven was een voortdurende strijd tegen de Habsburgers en tegen anderen. Spookte in hem, een Bourbon van moederszijde, het antagonisme van het Franse tegen het Germaanse bloed? Terecht schreef Erasmus eens aan de Engelse koning: ‘Et Geldrius imminet undique’1. Bovendien allerminst een beminnelijk man, verkwistend en in hoge mate onbetrouwbaar. Zijn portret, geschilderd door Jan Swart omtrent 15282, vertoont hem in volle pronk en praal. Weelderige kledij met brede bontkraag, massieve ringen aan grove vingers, juwelen en goud tot op de rijk beveerde hoed. Gunstig is het gezicht niet bepaald, onbetekenend echter evenmin. Geenszins is het mijn bedoeling aan al wat er reeds over hem en zijn krijgsverrichtingen is geschreven iets toe te voegen. Wie daarover ingelicht wenst te worden, zal in de delen der Grondslagen voor de bibliographie van Gelderland van P. en S. Gouda Quint overvloedige litteratuur vinden. Maar wel zou ik willen wijzen op een zijde van zijn persoonlijkheid, die tot nu toe niet voldoende belicht is. Wanneer Busken Huet hem noemt: ... toonbeeld van den noord-europeeschen middeleeuwschen despoot in zakformaat, die niets voor den handel of de nijverheid, niets voor de kunsten of de wetenschappen, niets voor anderen doet...3 1 Op 1 Juni 1528; Opus epistolarum Des. Erasmi. Rot. ed. Allen VII (Oxon. 1928), p. 403. 2 Aanwezig in het Gemeentemuseum te Arnhem. Reproductie ook bij G.J. Hoogewerff, De Noord-Nederlandsche schilderkunst III ('s-Grav. 1939), 472. 3 Cd. Busken Huet, Het Land van Rembrand I (Haarl. 1898), 253. Het Boek. Serie 3. Jaargang 37 2 dan valt er op deze deels uitstekende typering toch iets af te dingen. Want er zijn vele bewijzen bewaard, dat hertog Karel niet zo onverschillig tegenover wetenschap en kunst stond, in het bijzonder waar het er om ging de Katholieke kerk te steunen. Herhaaldelijk komt zijn naam voor in producten der drukkunst. Het leek mij niet ondienstig de sporen hiervan in de post-incunabeltijd eens bijeen te brengen. Allereerst bestaan er natuurlijk decreten en missives, uit zijn naam gedrukt. Bekend zijn: Brief, gericht tot alle conventen voor een geldelijke bijdrage bij het aannemen van krijgslieden, Aug. 1521. Brief, gericht tot alle leenmannen om gewapend op te komen, Aug. 1521. Exemplaren van deze beide plano-drukken, aan één zijde bedrukt, worden bewaard in het Rijksarchief te Arnhem1. De eerste bevat een schatting, opgelegd aan de kloosters, de andere een bevel tot de leenmannen samen met hun knechten gewapend op te komen. Alles natuurlijk in verband met zijn eeuwige oorlogen. In dat jaar was geld en steun stellig brandend nodig voor de strijd tegen de Friezen. Dan is er een muntordinantie, door Karel uitgevaardigd in Maart 1527. Eveneens een plano-druk, waarvan de Deventer Atheneumbibliotheek het enige bekende exemplaar bezit. Het is: Ordinantie ende evaluacie vanden gelde vanwegen Hertog Karel van Gelder, 31 Maart 1527. Dit keer liet hij drukken bij Albert Pafraet te Deventer2. Tot hetzelfde soort publicaties behoort het Privilegium ducis Gelrie. Het is in 1520 of 1521 door Jan Berntsz. in Utrecht gedrukt. Exemplaren hiervan zijn me niet bekend. Het bestaan ervan valt af te leiden uit een rekening van de Domfabriek te Utrecht: Item solvi Johanni Bernardi impressori pro trecentis copiis privilegii ducis Gelrie per eundem impressis pro quolibet centenario unum florenum Hollandensem fac. iij flor. xv st.3. Dit waren ondertussen altegader vrij neutrale publicaties, gelijk ieder regerend vorst ze op zijn tijd moet laten drukken. De volgende evenwel staan in veel nauwer verband tot Karel's persoonlijke belangstelling. Overtuigd Katholiek en fel gekant tegen de Hervorming heeft hij de kosten dezer uitgaven ten behoeve der ketterbestrijding 1 Gedrukt door Thieman Petersz. Os van Breda te Zutphen; zie beschrijvingen NK. 4247-4248. 2 Beschrijving NK. 4166. 3 Mij indertijd door Dr. A. Hulshof meegedeeld. Zie verder NK. 01014. Het Boek. Serie 3. Jaargang 37 3 stellig met vreugde gedragen. Of door de onderdanen laten betalen. Daar zijn dan allereerst twee bewaarde werken: Prognosticon de terribilissimo maledicti antichristi adventu, van Jan. 1524 en de Nederlandse versie ervan Van der verveerlicken aenstaende tyt Endechristes. Het laatste zonder jaar, maar klaarblijkelijk ongeveer terzelfder tijd als het Latijnse tractaat, in 1524, gedrukt1. In geen van beide wordt de drukker vermeld. Typenonderzoek wees uit, dat dit Albert Pafraet in Deventer is geweest. Van ieder is slechts één exemplaar bekend2. E. Colliander heeft indertijd een voortreffelijk opstel met enige facsimile's aan de Nederlandse editie gewijd3, waarvan een exemplaar door Collijn was ontdekt in de Universiteitsbibliotheek van Uppsala. Het Latijnse origineel, het Prognosticon, vroeger door Revius gezien en waaruit deze veel heeft geciteerd4, scheen lange tijd onvindbaar te zijn. Ten slotte bleek er echter een exemplaar beland te wezen in de Straatsburgse Universiteitsbibliotheek, waar het in 1874 met meer boeken van het klooster Frenswegen bij Nordhorn terecht is gekomen. In 1926 heb ik met enige vreugde verslag van deze vondst uitgebracht5. Dat de Nederlandse versie geenszins een letterlijke vertaling van het Latijnse origineel is geweest valt daar te lezen. Wordt aan het slot der Nederlandse editie zeer uitdrukkelijk vermeld, dat ... de durlichtige hoechgheboren furst H.K. van Gelre/ vnde van Gulich/ vnde greue van Zutphen/ dyt boeck to dude vn̅ to latino bekostiget heuet to prenten... in de Latijnse tekst komt dit niet voor. Toch wordt ook daar de hulp aangestipt en dank gebracht aan de ‘christianissimo ac magnifico principe nostro domino Karolo... auxiliante ad pressuram seu imprimendum’6. In het Nederlandse geschrift vertelt de schrijver op vrij kinderlijke wijze, dat Zijne vorstelijke Genade hem voor de Latijnse uitgave 19 gouden kronen heeft gegeven en dat hij hoopt voor ‘dessen dutschen’ nog veel meer te krijgen7. Voor zover ik heb kunnen nagaan staat in het Latijnse tractaat 1 Aldus ook gedateerd door J. Revius, Daventriae illustratae sive Historiae urbis Daventriensis libri VI (Lugd. Bat. 1651), 196. 2 Zie de beschrijvingen NK. 3954 en 3774. 3 E. Colliander, Ein Unikum aus der niederländischen Reformationszeit in der Universitätsbibliothek zu Uppsala in Uppsala Universitetsbiblioteks Minnesskrift 1621-1921 (Upps. 1921), 167-192. Zie ook mijn uitvoerig verslag daarvan in dit tijdschrift XI. 213-218. 4 Revius, o.c., 228-231. 5 Zie mijn opstel Het Prognosticon de terribilissimo maledicti Antichristi adventu van 1524 teruggevonden in dit tijdschrift XV. 109-116. 6 Op bl. 69a; zie volledige aanhaling in mijn opstel in dit tijdschrift XV. 112. 7 Op bl. 66a; zie de volledige aanhaling hieronder. Het Boek. Serie 3. Jaargang 37 4 nog niet de mededeling over de andere werken van dezelfde auteur, die de Nederlandse lezing heeft. De twee passages, die hierop betrekking hebben, vermeld in Colliander's opstel, zijn ten dele reeds door mij van hem overgenomen1. Ze lijken me echter belangrijk genoeg om hier nog eens in extenso te worden afgedrukt. De eerste luidt: ... want my is vele voer gekomen van endechristes voerlopers / dat ick nicht en woste do ick dyt to latino screeff vnde componiert hadde vnde selues in der prenten ghebracht hadde myt bystant vnde hulpe des durluchtighen... fursten / hertich karel van Gelre... de syn f.g. my daer xix. golden cronen to baten heft gegeuen vnde hope dat van syn f.g. to dessen dutschen noch vele meer scheen sall / want ick hebbe syn f. genade lieflicken vnde guetwyllich volherdich gheuonden in allen geestlicken dyngen daer ick syn f. genade om gebeden hebbe to der eren godes vnde der gebenedyden moder iesu als int erste van den hilgen fest onser liuen vrouwen als se onder den cruce stont op den berch van caluarie / Daer na dat suuerlicke boexken geheten de gulden crone marien / daer ghemeenlicken in steet al dat daer hoert to der sylen salicheyt /Vnde dat schone gebet van der passien onses liuen heren iesu cristi / Wellekoer syn f.g. int ersten leet drucken eder prenten mytter figuren om den cruce / der mennich dusent is verbreit in der cristenheit / Vnde nu int leeste heft syn f. genade dat selfte hyllighe gebet myt een ander daer by van der weldaet vnde sorchuoldicheit vnde grote droefnysse marien de se myt hoer lieue kynt iesu hier op erden heft ghehadt / dat so schoen vnde nut is den menschen to lesen...2. In de tweede wordt gezegd: ... Int erste heft syn f.g. bekostyghet dat heerlicke fest onser lyuen vrouwen / als se onder den cruce stōt / dat int lant van Gelre geholden wart / heerlick vn̅ schoen bouen alle festen / vnde dat behaget god christo iesu / wāt daer wart syn hylge lydē mede in vernyet / Dyt en heft syn f.g. nicht allene in den lande vā Gelre gheordeniert to holden iaerlick / mer oeck in dat hertichdom vā Lotryngen / vn̅ voert an in francrycke als ick vā syn f.g. v'staen hebbe / Daer na de gulden croen Marien / daer in steet gemeēlicken dat daer hoert to der sylen salicheit wil ment rechte verstaen / Itē de schone gebeden van den lyden Christi vn̅ der droefnysse Mariē / de seer wyt verbreydet synt / Nu int leeste heft syn f.g. geholpen tho dessen nyen boke holdende van der aenstaende tyt endechristes / vnde vā synen voerlopers vn̅ boden / 1 In dit tijdschrift XI.
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