Egyptian Alphabetical Letters of Creation Cycle
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Death and Divine Judgement in Ecclesiastes
Durham E-Theses DEATH AND DIVINE JUDGEMENT IN ECCLESIASTES TAKEUCHI, KUMIKO How to cite: TAKEUCHI, KUMIKO (2016) DEATH AND DIVINE JUDGEMENT IN ECCLESIASTES, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11382/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Kumiko Takeuchi DEATH AND DIVINE JUDGEMENT IN ECCLESIASTES Abstract The current scholarly consensus places Ecclesiastes’ composition in the postexilic era, sometime between the late Persian and early Hellenistic periods, leaning towards the late fourth or early third centuries BCE. Premised on this consensus, this thesis proposes that the book of Ecclesiastes is making a case for posthumous divine judgement in order to rectify pre-mortem injustices. Specifically, this thesis contends that issues relating to death and injustice raised by Qohelet in the book of Ecclesiastes point to the necessity of post-mortem divine judgement. -
ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ROOTS of CHRISTIANITY, 2ND EDITION Vii
The Ancient Egyptian Roots of Christianity Expanded Second Edition Moustafa Gadalla Maa Kheru (True of Voice) Tehuti Research Foundation International Head Office: Greensboro, NC, U.S.A. The Ancient Egyptian Roots of Christianity Expanded Second Edition by MOUSTAFA GADALLA Published by: Tehuti Research Foundation (formerly Bastet Publishing) P.O. Box 39491 Greensboro, NC 27438 , U.S.A. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recorded or by any information storage and retrieVal system with-out written permission from the author, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. This second edition is a reVised and enhanced edition of the same title that was published in 2007. Copyright 2007 and 2016 by Moustafa Gadalla, All rights reserved. Publisher’s Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gadalla, Moustafa, 1944- The Ancient Egyptian Roots of Christianity / Moustafa Gadalla. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. Library of Congress Control Number: 2016900013 ISBN-13(pdf): 978-1-931446-75-4 ISBN-13(e-book): 978-1-931446-76-1 ISBN-13(pbk): 978-1-931446-77-8 1. Christianity—Origin. 2. Egypt in the Bible. 3. Egypt—Religion. 4. Jesus Christ—Historicity. 5. Tutankhamen, King of Egypt. 6. Egypt—History—To 640 A.D. 7. Pharaohs. I. Title. BL2443.G35 2016 299.31–dc22 Updated 2016 CONTENTS About the Author vii Preface ix Standards and Terminology xi Map of Ancient Egypt xiii PART I : THE ANCESTORS OF THE CHRIST KING Chapter 1 -
The Ancient Egyptian Universal Writing Modes by Moustafa Gadalla
The Ancient Egyptian Universal Writing Modes Moustafa Gadalla Maa Kheru (True of Voice) Tehuti Research Foundation International Head Office: Greensboro, NC, U.S.A. The Ancient Egyptian Universal Writing Modes by Moustafa Gadalla Published by: Tehuti Research Foundation P.O. Box 39491 Greensboro, NC 27438, U.S.A. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recorded or by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the author, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Copyright © 2017 by Moustafa Gadalla, All rights reserved. Publisher’s Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gadalla, Moustafa, 1944- The Ancient Egyptian Universal Writing Modes / Moustafa Gadalla. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references Library of Congress Control Number: 2016900021 ISBN-13(pdf): 978-1-931446-91-4 ISBN-13(e-book): 978-1-931446- 92-1 ISBN-13(pbk.): 978-1-931446-93-8 1. Egypt—Civilization—To 332 B.C. 2. Civilization, Western—Egyptian influences. 3. Egyptian language—Influence on European languages. 4. Egypt—Antiquities. 5. Egypt—History—To 640 A.D. I. Title. CONTENTS About the Author xiii Preface xv Standards and Terminology xxi The 28 ABGD Letters & Pronunciations xxv Map of Egypt and Surrounding xxix Countries PART I : DENIAL, DISTORTION AND DIVERSION Chapter 1 : The Archetypal Primacy of 3 The Egyptian Alphabet 1.1 The Divine “Inventor” of The Egyptian 3 Alphabetical Letters 1.2 Remote Age of Egyptian -
Domestic Religious Practices
UCLA UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology Title Domestic religious practices Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7s07628w Journal UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, 1(1) Author Stevens, Anna Publication Date 2009-12-21 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California DOMESTIC RELIGIOUS PRACTICES الممارسات الدينية المنزلية Anna Stevens EDITORS WILLEKE WENDRICH Editor-in-Chief University of California, Los Angeles JACCO DIELEMAN Editor Area Editor Religion University of California, Los Angeles ELIZABETH FROOD Editor University of Oxford JOHN BAINES Senior Editorial Consultant University of Oxford Short Citation: Stevens 2009, Domestic Religious Practices. UEE. Full Citation: Stevens, Anna, 2009, Domestic Religious Practices. In Willeke Wendrich and Jacco Dieleman (eds.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz001nf63v 1010 Version 1, December 2009 http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz001nf63v DOMESTIC RELIGIOUS PRACTICES الممارسات الدينية المنزلية Anna Stevens Religion im Alltag Pratiques religieuses privées Domestic religious practices—that is, religious conduct within a household setting—provided an outlet especially for expressing and addressing the concerns of everyday life. They can be traced throughout Egyptian dynastic history, in textual sources such as spells of healing and protection, offering and dedicatory texts, and private letters, and in cult emplacements and objects from settlement sites. Protective divinities such as Bes, Taweret, and Hathor were favored, along with ancestors who could be deceased kin, local elite, or royalty. State-level deities were also supplicated. Central practices were offering and libation, and conducting rites of protection and healing, while there was also strong recourse to protective imagery. -
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Cwiek, Andrzej. Relief Decoration in the Royal
Andrzej Ćwiek RELIEF DECORATION IN THE ROYAL FUNERARY COMPLEXES OF THE OLD KINGDOM STUDIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT, SCENE CONTENT AND ICONOGRAPHY PhD THESIS WRITTEN UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROF. KAROL MYŚLIWIEC INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY FACULTY OF HISTORY WARSAW UNIVERSITY 2003 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work would have never appeared without help, support, advice and kindness of many people. I would like to express my sincerest thanks to: Professor Karol Myśliwiec, the supervisor of this thesis, for his incredible patience. Professor Zbigniew Szafrański, my first teacher of Egyptian archaeology and subsequently my boss at Deir el-Bahari, colleague and friend. It was his attitude towards science that influenced my decision to become an Egyptologist. Professor Lech Krzyżaniak, who offered to me really enormous possibilities of work in Poznań and helped me to survive during difficult years. It is due to him I have finished my thesis at last; he asked me about it every time he saw me. Professor Dietrich Wildung who encouraged me and kindly opened for me the inventories and photographic archives of the Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, and Dr. Karla Kroeper who enabled my work in Berlin in perfect conditions. Professors and colleagues who offered to me their knowledge, unpublished material, and helped me in various ways. Many scholars contributed to this work, sometimes unconsciously, and I owe to them much, albeit all the mistakes and misinterpretations are certainly by myself. Let me list them in an alphabetical order, pleno titulo: Hartwig -
Egypt's Hieroglyphs Contain a Cultural Memory of Creation and Noah's Flood
The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism Volume 7 Article 36 2013 Egypt's Hieroglyphs Contain a Cultural Memory of Creation and Noah's Flood Gavin M. Cox Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings DigitalCommons@Cedarville provides a publication platform for fully open access journals, which means that all articles are available on the Internet to all users immediately upon publication. However, the opinions and sentiments expressed by the authors of articles published in our journals do not necessarily indicate the endorsement or reflect the views of DigitalCommons@Cedarville, the Centennial Library, or Cedarville University and its employees. The authors are solely responsible for the content of their work. Please address questions to [email protected]. Browse the contents of this volume of The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism. Recommended Citation Cox, Gavin M. (2013) "Egypt's Hieroglyphs Contain a Cultural Memory of Creation and Noah's Flood," The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism: Vol. 7 , Article 36. Available at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings/vol7/iss1/36 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Creationism. Pittsburgh, PA: Creation Science Fellowship EGYPT'S HIEROGLYPHS CONTAIN CULTURAL MEMORIES OF CREATION AND NOAH'S FLOOD Gavin M. Cox, BA Hons (Theology, LBC). 26 The Firs Park, Bakers Hill, Exeter, Devon, UK, EX2 9TD. KEYWORDS: Flood, onomatology, eponym, Hermopolitan Ogdoad, Edfu, Heliopolis, Memphis, Hermopolis, Ennead, determinative, ideograph, hieroglyphic, Documentary Hypothesis (DH). ABSTRACT A survey of standard Egyptian Encyclopedias and earliest mythology demonstrates Egyptian knowledge of Creation and the Flood consistent with the Genesis account. -
Gathered Ancient Images of Set, by Joan Ann Lansberry the God Set (Aka Seth) Has Been Much of a Puzzle to Egyptologists
Gathered Ancient Images of Set, by Joan Ann Lansberry The god Set (aka Seth) has been much of a puzzle to Egyptologists. If we go with the attitude of later Egyptians, we find Set blamed for every misfortune that can befall humanity. However, if we go with the attitude of earlier times, in particular the Ramesside period, when Egypt was at its peak in prosperity, we find a completely different picture. For we find a god who was very much adored. Most of the surviving imagery is from that period, although even in Ptolemaic and Roman times we occasionally find a piece that was a part of worship and magical rites. It's my goal to find all his imagery and bring it together, thereby shedding new light on the Dark god. Let’s begin with the earliest images. Chicago’s Oriental Institute recorded a rock carving at Gebel Tjauti along the Theban Desert Road: John Coleman Darnell and Deborah Darnell believe it to be ‘the earliest certain depiction of this beast from the vicinity of Seth's cult center at Ombos.” (http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/pubs/ar/96-97/desert_road.html) H. Te Velde gives another example in his Seth, God of Confusion, (page 12). The 'Scorpion King' mace head, (Ashmolean Museum, Oxford; # AN1896-1908.E3632), features distinct Set animals on the top of tall standards. This piece was created about 3100 BCE, in the period immediately preceding the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. 1 King Scorpion’s tomb at Abydos had a couple of ivory labels featuring Set animals. -
The Egyptian Book of the Dead 1240 BC the PAPYRUS of ANI
The Egyptian Book of the Dead 1240 BC THE PAPYRUS OF ANI Translated by E.A. Wallis Budge -English revised by Jeremy Kapp- The Book of the Dead is the common name for the ancient Egyptian funerary texts known as The Book of Coming [or Going] Out By Day. The name “Book of the Dead” was the invention of the German Egyptologist Karl Richard Lepsius, who published a selection of some texts in 1842. Religion guided every aspect of Egyptian life. Egyptian religion was based on polytheism, or the worship of many deities. The Egyptians had as many as 2000 gods and goddesses each representing characteristics of a specific Earthly force, combined with a heavenly power. Often gods and goddesses were represented as part human and part animal. They considered animals such as the bull, the cat, and the crocodile to be holy. Their two chief gods were Amon-Ra and Osiris. Amon-Ra was believed to be the sun god and the lord of the universe. Osiris was the god of the underworld and was the god that made a peaceful afterlife possible. The Egyptian “Book of the Dead” contains the major ideas and beliefs in the ancient Egyptian religion. Because their religion stressed an afterlife, Egyptians devoted much time and energy into preparing for their journey to the “next world.” The text was initially carved on the exterior of the deceased person’s sarcophagus, but was later written on papyrus now known as scrolls and buried inside the sarcophagus with the deceased, presumably so that it would be both portable and close at hand. -
The Ancient Egyptian Culture Revealed, 2Nd
The Ancient Egyptian Culture Revealed Second Edition Moustafa Gadalla Maa Kheru (True of Voice) Tehuti Research Foundation International Head Office: Greensboro, NC, U.S.A. THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CULTURE REVEALED SECOND EDITION by MOUSTAFA GADALLA Published by: Tehuti Research Foundation P.O. Box 39491 Greensboro, NC 27438, U.S.A. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recorded or by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the author, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. This book being the Second Edition is a revised and a rehashed edition of the First Edition of Ancient Egyptian Culture Revealed, by Moustafa Gadalla. ISBN-13: 978-1-931446-27-3 (pbk.) & ISBN-13: 978-1-931446-28-0 (e-Book) The first edition of Ancient Egyptian Culture Revealed is a completely revamped edition of the originally titled book, “Historical Deception: The Untold Story of Ancient Egypt”, copyright © 1996, 1999, and 2003, by Moustafa Gadalla (all rights reserved), which was first published in paperback in 1996 and 1999, and in eBook format in 2003. The name of this book was changed to better reflect the revamped and expanded content of this book. Copyright © 2016 by Moustafa Gadalla, all rights reserved. Publisher’s Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gadalla, Moustafa, 1944- The ancient Egyptian culture revealed / Moustafa Gadalla.–2nd ed., rev. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. Library of Congress Control Number: 2016930019 ISBN-13 (e-book-PDF): 978-1-931446-65-5 ISBN-13 (e-book-EPub): 978-1-931446-66-2 ISBN-13 (e-book-MOBI): 978-1-931446-67-9 ISBN-13 (pbk.): 978-1-931446-40-2 [Pending] ISBN-13 (e-book-PDF-Expanded ed.): 978-1-931446-68-6 1. -
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Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS IMPACTS OF LONG -T ERM CROSS -C ULTURAL MIGRATION BETWEEN EGYPT AND THE LEVANT Thomas Staubli university of fribourg, switzerland ABSTRACT An increase of cross-cultural learning as a consequence of increased travel and migration between Egypt and the Levant during the Iron Age occurred after millennia of migration in earlier times. The result was an Egyptian-Levantine koine, often not recognized as relevant by historians due to an uncritical reproduction of ancient myths of separation. However, the cultural exchange triggered by migration is attested in the language, in the iconography of the region, in the history of the alphabet, in literary motifs, in the characterization of central characters of the Hebrew Bible and, last but not least, in the rise of new religions, which integrated the experience of otherness in a new ethos. Egypt and the Levant: two areas that have countries. in reality, the relations between the eastern continually shaped societies and the advancement of Delta and the Levant were probably, for many centuries, civilization in both the past and the present.” more intense than the relations between the eastern delta “ —Anna-Latifa Mourad (2015, i) and Thebes. in other words, in order to deal seriously with the 1. I NTRODUCTION 1 Levant and northern Egypt as an area of intensive 1.1. T hE ChALLEngE : T hE EsTAbLishED usE of “E gypT ” AnD migration over many millennia and with a focus of the “C AnAAn ” As sEpArATE EnTiTiEs hinDErs ThE rECogniTion effects of this migration on culture, and especially religion, of ThE CrEoLizing EffECTs of MigrATion As highLy rELEvAnT the magic of the biblical Exodus paradigm and its for ThE hisTory of CuLTurEs AnD rELigions in ThE rEgion counterpart, the Egyptian expulsion paradigm, must be The impact of migration on religious development both in removed. -
The Musical Aspects of the Ancient Egyptian Vocalic Language
The Musical Aspects of the Ancient Egyptian Vocalic Language Moustafa Gadalla Maa Kheru (True of Voice) Tehuti Research Foundation International Head Office: Greensboro, NC, U.S.A. The Musical Aspects of The Ancient Egyptian Vocalic Language by Moustafa Gadalla Published by: Tehuti Research Foundation P.O. Box 39491 Greensboro, NC 27438, U.S.A. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recorded or by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the author, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Copyright © 2016 by Moustafa Gadalla, All rights reserved. Publisher’s Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gadalla, Moustafa, 1944- The Universal Tonal Mother Language / Moustafa Gadalla. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. Library of Congress Control Number: 2016900010 ISBN-13(pdf): 978-1-931446-83-9 ISBN-13(e-book): 978-1-931446-84-6 ISBN-13(pbk.): 978-1-931446-85-3 1. Music—Philosophy and aesthetics. 2. Music—Egypt—History and criticism. 3. Aesthetics, Egyptian. 4. Egypt—Antiques. 5. Occultism—Egypt 6. Science—Egypt—History. 7. Egyptian language—Influence on European languages. 8. Egypt—Civilization. I. Title. ML3845.G33 2016 781.1’7’0932 CONTENTS About the Author vii Preface viii Standards and Terminology xi The 28 ABGD Letters & Pronunciations xiii 1. Historical Deception of the (Ancient) 1 Egyptian Linguistics 1.1 Smoke Screening Thousands of Egyptian 1 Alphabetical Writings 1.2 The (Ancient) Egyptian Alphabetical Form of 2 Writing 1.3 Egyptian is Dead—Long Live “Arabic” 7 2.