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Studien zur Gewaltgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts Ausgewählt von Jörg Baberowski, Bernd Greiner und Michael Wildt Das 20. Jahrhundert gilt als das Jahrhundert des Genozids, der Lager, des Totalen Krieges, des Totalitarismus und Ter- rorismus, von Flucht, Vertreibung und Staatsterror – ge- rade weil sie im Einzelnen allesamt zutreffen, hinterlassen diese Charakterisierungen in ihrer Summe eine eigentüm- liche Ratlosigkeit. Zumindest spiegeln sie eine nachhaltige Desillusionierung. Die Vorstellung, Gewalt einhegen, be- grenzen und letztlich überwinden zu können, ist der Ein- sicht gewichen, dass alles möglich ist, jederzeit und an jedem Ort der Welt. Und dass selbst Demokratien, die Erben der Aufklärung, vor entgrenzter Gewalt nicht gefeit sind. Das normative und ethische Bemühen, die Gewalt einzugrenzen, mag vor diesem Hintergrund ungenügend und mitunter sogar vergeblich erscheinen. Hinfällig ist es aber keineswegs, es sei denn um den Preis der moralischen Selbstaufgabe. Ausgewählt von drei namhaften Historikern – Jörg Baberowski, Bernd Greiner und Michael Wildt –, präsen- tieren die »Studien zur Gewaltgeschichte des 20. Jahrhun- derts« die Forschungsergebnisse junger Wissenschaftle- rinnen und Wissenschaftler. Die Monografien analysieren am Beispiel von totalitären Systemen wie dem National- sozialismus und Stalinismus, von Diktaturen, Autokratien und nicht zuletzt auch von Demokratien die Dynamik ge- walttätiger Situationen, sie beschreiben das Erbe der Ge- walt und skizzieren mögliche Wege aus der Gewalt. Sara Berger Experten der Vernichtung -
Liberation & Revenge
Episode Guide: Orders & Initiatives September 1941–March 1942 Jews from the Lódz ghetto board deportation trains for the Chelmno death camp. Overview "Orders and Initiatives" (Disc 1, Title 2, 48:27) highlights the crucial decision-making period of the Holocaust and reveals the secret plans of Adolf Hitler, Heinrich Himmler, and Reinhard Heydrich to annihilate the Jews. At a conference in January 1942, the Nazis plan how to achieve their goals. The first gas chambers are built at Auschwitz and the use of Zyklon B is developed. German doctors arrive to oversee each transport, deciding who should live and who should die. In the program's Follow-up Discussion (Disc 2, Bonus Features, Title 8, 7:18), Linda Ellerbee interviews Claudia Koonz, professor of history at Duke University and author of The Nazi Conscience (Belknap, 2003), and Edward Kissi, professor of Africana studies at the University of South Florida and an expert on international relations and human rights. Target Audience: Grades 9-12 social studies, history, and English courses Student Learning Goals • Citing specific events and decisions, analyze how the Nazi mission changed from September 1941 to March 1942, explaining the reasons for the changes. • Compare Auschwitz I and Auschwitz II (Birkenau) in terms of location, purpose, population, and living conditions. • Identify the incremental steps the Nazis used to isolate Jews and deport them from their home environments to death camps, and the effects on Jews, their neighbors, and the Nazis at each stage. • Summarize how and why many European nations collaborated with the Nazis, including their history of antisemitism. -
Reichskommissariat Ostland from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Reichskommissariat Ostland From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Ostland" redirects here. For the province of the Empire in Warhammer 40,000, see Ostland (Warhammer). Navigation Reichskommissariat Ostland (RKO) was the civilian occupation regime established by Main page Germany in the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), the north-eastern part of Reichskommissariat Ostland Contents Poland and the west part of the Belarusian SSR during World War II. It was also known Reichskommissariat of Germany Featured content [1] initially as Reichskommissariat Baltenland ("Baltic Land"). The political organization Current events ← → for this territory—after an initial period of military administration before its establishment— 1941–1945 Random article was that of a German civilian administration, nominally under the authority of the Reich Donate to Wikipedia Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories (German: Reichsministerium für die besetzten Ostgebiete) led by Nazi ideologist Alfred Rosenberg, but was in reality Interaction controlled by the Nazi official Hinrich Lohse, its appointed Reichskommissar. Help The main political objective, which the ministry laid out in the framework of National Flag Emblem About Wikipedia Socialist policies for the east established by Adolf Hitler, were the complete annihilation Community portal of the Jewish population and the settlement of ethnic Germans along with the expulsion or Recent changes Germanization of parts of the native population -
Henry Friedlander from Euthanasia to the Final Solution
1 Henry Friedlander From Euthanasia to the Final Solution The ideology of German National Socialism was not as intellectually rigorous as Marxism. It belonged to that group of twentieth century movements known as Fascism, and shared the Fascist ideology, which included one-man dictatorial rule, nationalism, militarism, reliance on plebiscites, and rejection of representative government. Like most Fascist movements, German Fascism did not have a specific ideological position on economics; it retained a capitalist economy, but favored monopolies and added government regulation. In one respect, however, the Nazis differed from most other Fascists by placing racism at the center of their ideology. Nazi racial ideology centered on the Germanic people, the Volk, as the wellspring of the national community, the Volksgemeinschaft. All those who did not belong to the so-called nordic race, regardless of their citizenship, were to be excluded from the national community. The Nazis did not invent their racial ideology; they simply adopted it from already existing and pervasive popular beliefs. Following the period of the American and French revolutions, who championed, in word if not always in deed, the idea of the "equality of man," popular beliefs continued during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to contradict these lofty ideas. At the same time, scientific opinion adopted as scientific truth the idea of the inequality of human beings. Scientists in Europe and America legitimized the popular beliefs that women were inferior to men and that members of all other races were inferior to white Christian Europeans. The great fear of the European people was a dilution of their "superior" racial stock. -
A[Edit] Gunter D'alquen
A[edit] Gunter d'Alquen - Chief Editor of the SS official newspaper, Das Schwarze Korps ("The Black Corps"), and commander of the SS-Standarte Kurt Eggers. Ludolf von Alvensleben - commander of the SS and police in Crimea and commander of the Selbstschutz (self-defense) of the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia. Max Amann - Head of Nazi publishing house Eher-Verlag Benno von Arent - Responsible for art, theatres, and movies in the Third Reich. Heinz Auerswald - Commissioner for the Jewish residential district inWarsaw from April 1941 to November 1942. Hans Aumeier - deputy commandant at Auschwitz Artur Axmann - Chief of the Social Office of the Reich Youth Leadership. Leader of the Hitler Youth from 1940, through war's end in 1945. B[edit] Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski - Commander of the "Bandenkämpfverbände" SS units responsible for the mass murder of 35,000 civilians in Riga and more than 200,000 in Belarus and eastern Poland. Herbert Backe - Minister of Food (appointed 1942) and Minister of Agriculture (appointed 1943). Richard Baer - Commander of the Auschwitz I concentration camp from May 1944 to February 1945. Alfred Baeumler - Philosopher who interpreted the works of Friedrich Nietzschein order to legitimize Nazism. Klaus Barbie - Head of the Gestapo in Lyon. Nicknamed "the Butcher of Lyon" for his use of torture on prisoners. Josef Bauer SS officer and politician Josef Berchtold - Very early Party member, and the second Reichsführer-SSfrom 1926-27. Gottlob Berger - Chief of Staff for Waffen-SS and head of the SS's main leadership office. Werner Best - SS-Obergruppenführer and Civilian administrator of Nazi occupied France and Denmark. -
The Second World War and Its Continuing Relevance
The Second World War and its Continuing Relevance Photographs on the cover: The Pilecki family archive, Polish Underground Movement Study Trust The Second World War and its Continuing Relevance Publication accompanying the exhibition “The Volunteer. Witold Pilecki and his mission to infiltrate Auschwitz” Edited by Mateusz Fałkowski Warszawa – Berlin 2019 Translation and Proofreading: Beate Achilles, Joanna Adamczyk, Steffen Beilich, John Cornell, Sebastian Feller, Nora Gielke, Maciej Grabski, Małgorzata Hoc, Ian Stephenson, Herbert Ulrich, Stefan Widdess, Tina Wünschmann, Maciej Zakrzewski, Cover Design: pigalopus – Malwina Borowiec, Karolina Chodur Graphic Design and Typesetting: pigalopus – Malwina Borowiec, Karolina Chodur Copyright © by Instytut Pileckiego, 2019 Instytut Pileckiego Warszawa, ul. Foksal 17 Berlin, Pariser Platz 4a www.instytutpileckiego.pl www.pileckiinstitut.de ISBN 978-83-66340-09-1 The Pilecki Institute in Berlin and perspectives on the Second World War 005 The exhibition. Pilecki and his mission to infiltrate Auschwitz 009 The war. Towards a perfect death factory 022 Remembrance and post-war justice 039 Wojciech Kozłowski Historian and Director The Pilecki of the Pilecki Institute in Warsaw Institute in Berlin Today, on September 16, 2019 the Pilecki Institute inaugurates its foreign branch in Berlin. and perspectives It is a special moment for us and I am delighted 005 to see that long months of hard work have come on the Second to fruition, and that from now on people from Berlin and the whole of Germany have a unique World War place at hand that will serve as an international meeting space for culture, scholarship and learning about 20th-century history, its memory, and its significance in the building of a better future in Europe, and in particular between Germany and Poland. -
Temple Library Database 2017-05-17
Temple Swholom library 6/9/2017 BOOK PUB CALL TITLE AUTHOR CATEGORY KEYWORDS FORMAT DATE NUMBER Religion & Spirituality : Kabbalah, Spirituality, Jewlish Religeon, Mysticism, Jewish Endless Light: The Ancient Path of Kabbalah Aaron, David Paperback 1998 Judaism : Sacred Writings 159 Aa Mysticism : Kabbalah Jewish U: A Contemporary Guide for the Jewish College Student Aaron, Scott Paperback 2002 Education college guides, jewish 655 Aa Abells, Chana holocaust, children, jewish, world war ii, human rights, teaching, The Children We Remember Hardcover 1986 Reference works Byers the secret, law of attraction, young adult, greek, positive thinking Holocaust, Jewish (19391945) Pictorial works, Juvenile The children we remember : photographs from the Archives of Yad Abells, Chana Holocaust, Jewish (1939 Hardcover literature, Jewish children in the Holocaust Pictorial, works J 940.4 Vashem, Jerusalem, Israel Byers 1945) Pictorial works Juvenile literature, Holocaust, Jewish (19391945) Abraham, Michelle Judaism Customs and practices Fiction, Jews Israel My cousin Tamar lives in Israel Hardcover 1905 Israel Juvenile literature J Ab Shapiro Fiction Abrahams, Beth The Life of Gluckel of Hameln Hardcover 1905 Biography Gluckel of Hameln B Gu Zion TALES OF MENDELE THE BOOK PEDDLER: Fishke the Lame Jews Social life and customs Fiction, Love stories, Mock Abramovitsh, S.Y. Hardcover 1996 Jewish Studies F Ab and Benjamin the Third heroic literature Rosh Hashanah: A Family Service Abrams, Judith Z. Paperback 1990 Rosh Hashanah rosh hashanah J 239.1 Ab Children's Books : People Sabbath Liturgy Texts Juvenile, literature, Judaism & Places : Holidays & Shabbat a Family Service: A Family Service Abrams, Judith Z. Paperback 1991 Liturgy Texts Juvenile, literature, Sabbath, Judaism J 262.1 Ab Festivals : Around the Liturgy, Shabbat World 4for3 Books Store : Sukkot Prayerbooks and devotions English, Sukkot Sukkot: A Family Seder Abrams, Judith Z. -
Stanley Milgram's Obedience to Authority Experiments
Stanley Milgram’s Obedience to Authority Experiments: Towards an Understanding of their Relevance in Explaining Aspects of the Nazi Holocaust By Nestar John Charles Russell A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy. Victoria University of Wellington 2009 Although the most common interpretation of Milgram’s findings is that participants did not wish to harm the learner, the motives generated in this paradigm may well have been more mixed or ambivalent in many participants. Unfortunately, the manner in which people actually regard the act of punishing others when they make mistakes . has been virtually ignored in discussions of the obedience research. However . harming is a widely accepted form of child discipline . Most people are hardly unequivocally opposed to the use of physical punishment under absolutely any circumstances. That a majority approve the use of capital punishment in this country [the United States] might serve as another illustration —Miller (2004, pp. 198-199). if humanity can survive the violence of our age, [our descendants] might consider us as late barbarians —Elias (1991, pp. 146-147). ii Abstract Two leading Holocaust historians, Yehuda Bauer and Christopher Browning, have in recent years independently asked how so many ordinary Germans (most of whom in the 1930s had been moderately anti-Semitic) could become by the early 1940s willing murderers of Jews. Social psychologist, Stanley Milgram, had years before been interested in finding answers to similar questions, and to that end in the early 1960s carried out his widely debated “Obedience to Authority” (OTA) experiments at Yale University. -
Download a Pdf Copy of the Publication
In Germany and occupied Austria, people with disabilities were the first to fall victim to National Socialist mass murder, propa- IHRA gated under the euphemistic term of “euthanasia”. For racist and economic reasons they were deemed unfit to live. The means and methods used in these crimes were applied later during the Holocaust— perpetrators of these first murders became experts in the death camps of the so-called “Aktion Reinhardt”. International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (Ed.) Over the course of World War II the National Socialists aimed to exterminate people with disabilities in the occupied territories of Mass Murder of People with Western Europe, and also in Eastern Europe. This publication presents the results of the latest research on Disabilities and the Holocaust these murders in the German occupied territories, as discussed at an IHRA conference held in Bern in November 2017. Edited by Brigitte Bailer and Juliane Wetzel Mass Murder of People with Disabilities and the Holocaust the and Disabilities with People of Murder Mass ISBN: 978-3-86331-459-0 9 783863 314590 us_ihra_band_5_fahne.indd 1 11.02.2019 15:48:10 IHRA series, vol. 5 ihra_5_fahnen Nicole.indd 2 29.01.19 13:43 International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (Ed.) Mass Murder of People with Disabilities and the Holocaust Edited by Brigitte Bailer and Juliane Wetzel ihra_5_fahnen Nicole.indd 3 29.01.19 13:43 With warm thanks to Toby Axelrod for her thorough and thoughtful proofreading of this publication, and Laura Robertson from the Perma- nent Oce of IHRA for her support during the publication procedure. ISBN: 978-3-86331-459-0 ISBN (E-Book): 978-3-86331-907-6 © 2019 Metropol Verlag + IHRA Ansbacher Straße 70 10777 Berlin www.metropol-verlag.de Alle Rechte vorbehalten Druck: buchdruckerei.de, Berlin ihra_5_fahnen Nicole.indd 4 29.01.19 13:43 Content Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust .......................................... -
'Chelmno and the Holocaust: a History of Hitler's First Death Camp'
H-German Plavnieks on Montague, 'Chelmno and the Holocaust: A History of Hitler's First Death Camp' Review published on Wednesday, September 10, 2014 Patrick Montague. Chelmno and the Holocaust: A History of Hitler's First Death Camp. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011. 416 pp. $75.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-8078-3527-2. Reviewed by Richards O. Plavnieks (Stetson University) Published on H-German (September, 2014) Commissioned by Chad Ross An In-depth Inquiry into Hitler’s First Death Camp: Chelmno Twenty years in the making, Patrick Montague's chronicle,Chelmno and the Holocaust, does not disappoint. The book's first chapter, titled "Prologue," is not the book's prologue, but in fact explains the "prologue" to Chelmno—and in turn, situates Chelmno as an opening chapter of the Holocaust. It is in this regard that the book makes its finest contribution to scholarship: a detailed history of Adolf Hitler's least-known death camp. Moreover, the illumination of the camp's key role as a pioneer of the Nazi death camp model suggests a place for Montague's work in the library of indispensable scholarship on the Holocaust. Like its predecessors, the T4 "euthanasia" program, Operation 14f13 targeting concentration camp inmates, and the flying gas van unit ofSonderkommando Lange, Chelmno represents an improvisational Nazi step toward the Final Solution. The book superbly connects the center with one of the most crucial sites on the periphery: Warthegau, led by the rapacious Gauleiter (a regional Nazi Party leader) Arthur Greiser. Montague methodically and painstakingly weaves together the technological evolution of the Holocaust's earliest methods with the specific Nazi personnel who developed them, as well as the Nazi leadership's growing willingness to employ evermore radical methods to target ever-expanding categories of people. -
Covering up Chelmno: Nazi Attempts to Obfuscate and Obliterate an Extermination Camp
ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE Covering Up Chelmno: Nazi Attempts to Obfuscate and Obliterate an Extermination Camp AUTHORS Terry, NM JOURNAL Dapim: Studies on the Holocaust DEPOSITED IN ORE 08 March 2018 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/31993 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication 0 Covering Up Chelmno: Nazi Attempts to Obfuscate and Obliterate an Extermination Camp Personal Details Nicholas Terry Department of History, University of Exeter Amory Building, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX 4 6 JP, United Kingdom +44 1392 726455 [email protected] Funding: none Disclosure: no conflicts of interest Abstract The centrality of deception and secrecy to the Nazi extermination of the Jews has long been recognised, yet numerous questions remain regarding its significance for the ‘Final Solution’. This article examines Nazi attempts to cover up the first extermination camp established by the Third Reich at Chelmno. It demonstrates that in the Warthegau region of occupied Poland, the Nazis played a shell game to deceive victims and bystanders by pretending that deportees were transferred from the provinces to the Lodz ghetto, or from the Lodz ghetto to the provinces and to Germany. The contradictory cover stories used by the Nazis to obfuscate deportations to Chelmno succeeded for a while, but were eventually seen through. While Nazi deception measures are more vividly recorded in postwar testimonies, this article also shows that Nazi attempts to erase the physical evidence of mass murder through the cremation of the corpses can be documented much more extensively than hitherto appreciated using contemporary sources. -
THE DISABLED, JEWS and NAZI GENOCIDE By
“BALLAST EXISTENCES”: THE DISABLED, JEWS AND NAZI GENOCIDE by Jill Mitchell Nielsen B.A., University of British Columbia, 2003 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in The College of Graduate Studies (Interdisciplinary Studies) (Political Science/History) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Okanagan) December 2012 © Jill Mitchell Nielsen, 2012 Abstract This thesis examines the social construction of disability in the Third Reich and the interrelationship between Nazi euthanasia and the Holocaust through a comparative analysis of the historiography and using key theories from the field of disability studies. I argue that constructions of disability form an essential part of the creation of a Nazi philosophy that sought to alter fundamentally and irrevocably the biological and racial makeup of Europe. The bio-racial philosophy of the Third Reich had its origins in the eugenics of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and the early development of racial hygiene precepts. Eugenics and racial hygiene were radicalized under Nazi rule to create a philosophy that was hyper- concerned with the blood purity of the German Volk. This ideology was implemented first with a program of euthanasia (Aktion T4). The genocide of the disabled was, in many ways, prototypical to the development of the Final Solution. A comparative analysis shows that there were overlapping phases in the genocide of the disabled and the Holocaust, particularly with respect to the killing of the Jewish mentally ill, the targeting of mentally ill patients in the East, Aktion 14f13 and the construction of the death camps, particularly during Aktion Reinhardt.