The Holocaust
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Armenian Genocide and the Jewish Holocaust: from Impunity to Retributive Justice*
The Historical and Legal Interconnections Between the Armenian Genocide and the Jewish Holocaust: From Impunity to Retributive Justice* Vahakn N. Dadrian I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 504 II. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND AFTERMATH OF THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE ............... 507 A. Outlines of the Problem .......................................................................... 507 B. Conflict in the U.S. Government Regarding the Lausanne Treaty ........................ 511 M. COMPARATIVE ASPECTS OF THE TwO CASES ........................................................... 517 A. The Historical Vulnerability of the Jews and Armenians to Victimization ............... 517 B. The Factorsof Power and Opportunity........................................................ 519 C. Strategiesfor Taking Advantage of the Opportunity Structure ............................ 521 1. The Use of Wartime Emergency Powers by the Executive ......................... 521 2. The Role of PoliticalParties ........................................................... 524 3. Trial Balloons ............................................................................. 529 IV. THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE AS A PRECEDENT AND A PRECURSOR OF THE HOLOCAUST ........... 531 A. Nazi Germany's Knowledge of the Fate of the Armenians ................................. 532 B. Hitler'sAppreciation of the Armenian Genocide............................................. 537 C. The Legacy of Genghis Kum as a Functional -
OCR2007.Feb .6-17.The-Streets-Of
H Theatre de Complicite The Street of Crocodiles Based on stories by Bruno Schulz Adapted by Simon McBurney and Mark Wheatley . Devised by Theatre de Complicite . Performances made possible by kind permission of Complicite . Additional material written by Mack Gordon CREATIVE TEAM Director Ewan Mclaren Set Designer Carla Bernachi Costume Designer Shawna Picken Lighting Designer Tim Herron Sound Designer Eugene Mendelev Guest Composer Candace Collin Stage Manager Kate Costin Dramaturgical Support Jennifer Quinn Choreographer Gwen Dobie Language Coach Sara Tuppen Faculty Co-Supervisors (Directing) Peter McGuire and Jan Wood Faculty Supervisor (Design) Mary Kerr CAST Jesse Collin Theodore, shop assistant Keira Danniels Aunt Agatha Victor Dolhai Cousin Emil Mack Gordon Uncle Charles Ingrid Hansen Adela, maid Ming Hudson Maria, maid Danielle Janess Mother Amitai Marmorstein Joseph Jason Moldowan Father Kholby Wardell Leon, shop assistant A theatre converted into a warehouse in Drohobycz, Poland, 19 November 1942. There will be no intermission SEASON SPONSORS CH Television and Cadboro Bay Village "Somewhere in the dawn of childhood was The Book; the wind would rustle through its pages and the pictures would rise. Page after page floated in the air and gently saturated the landscape with brightness ." -from The Book by Bruno Schulz Notes from the Director Some years ago a theatre colleague in Prague gave me a really unusual book of short stories called The Street of Crocodiles, written by Polish author Bruno Schulz before the Second World War. It took a while to break into the densely woven magic of his writing, but story by story it began to reveal in scintillating detail his Jewish boyhood in turn-of-the-century Poland . -
Bulletin of the GHI Washington
Bulletin of the GHI Washington Issue 49 Fall 2011 Copyright Das Digitalisat wird Ihnen von perspectivia.net, der Online-Publikationsplattform der Max Weber Stiftung – Stiftung Deutsche Geisteswissenschaftliche Institute im Ausland, zur Verfügung gestellt. Bitte beachten Sie, dass das Digitalisat urheberrechtlich geschützt ist. Erlaubt ist aber das Lesen, das Ausdrucken des Textes, das Herunterladen, das Speichern der Daten auf einem eigenen Datenträger soweit die vorgenannten Handlungen ausschließlich zu privaten und nicht-kommerziellen Zwecken erfolgen. Eine darüber hinausgehende unerlaubte Verwendung, Reproduktion oder Weitergabe einzelner Inhalte oder Bilder können sowohl zivil- als auch strafrechtlich verfolgt werden. Features Forum GHI Research Conference Reports GHI News THE GERMAN FOREIGN OFFICE, THE NAZI DICTATORSHIP, AND THE HOLOCAUST: A CRITICAL COMMENTARY ON DAS AMT UND DIE VERGANGENHEIT 1 Johannes Hürter INSTITUT FÜR ZEITGESCHICHTE, MUNICH-BERLIN Not since the publication of Daniel J. Goldhagen’s Hitler’s Willing Executioners in 1996 has a book on the history of National Social- ism had as great a public resonance in Germany as the report of the independent commission of historians appointed in July 2005 by then Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer. The commission’s task was to address the “history of the Auswärtiges Amt [German Foreign Of- fi ce] in the National Socialist era, the treatment of this past aft er the reestablishment of the Auswärtiges Amt in 1951, and the question of continuity/discontinuity in personnel aft er 1945” (12).2 The book, edited by four university professors from Germany, the United States, and Israel and written by twelve collaborators, is divided into two largely unconnected parts. The fi rst part, approximately 300 pages long, deals with the Auswärtiges Amt in the Third Reich, primarily with its personnel structure and the role it played in the Holocaust. -
3868546065 Lp.Pdf
Studien zur Gewaltgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts Ausgewählt von Jörg Baberowski, Bernd Greiner und Michael Wildt Das 20. Jahrhundert gilt als das Jahrhundert des Genozids, der Lager, des Totalen Krieges, des Totalitarismus und Ter- rorismus, von Flucht, Vertreibung und Staatsterror – ge- rade weil sie im Einzelnen allesamt zutreffen, hinterlassen diese Charakterisierungen in ihrer Summe eine eigentüm- liche Ratlosigkeit. Zumindest spiegeln sie eine nachhaltige Desillusionierung. Die Vorstellung, Gewalt einhegen, be- grenzen und letztlich überwinden zu können, ist der Ein- sicht gewichen, dass alles möglich ist, jederzeit und an jedem Ort der Welt. Und dass selbst Demokratien, die Erben der Aufklärung, vor entgrenzter Gewalt nicht gefeit sind. Das normative und ethische Bemühen, die Gewalt einzugrenzen, mag vor diesem Hintergrund ungenügend und mitunter sogar vergeblich erscheinen. Hinfällig ist es aber keineswegs, es sei denn um den Preis der moralischen Selbstaufgabe. Ausgewählt von drei namhaften Historikern – Jörg Baberowski, Bernd Greiner und Michael Wildt –, präsen- tieren die »Studien zur Gewaltgeschichte des 20. Jahrhun- derts« die Forschungsergebnisse junger Wissenschaftle- rinnen und Wissenschaftler. Die Monografien analysieren am Beispiel von totalitären Systemen wie dem National- sozialismus und Stalinismus, von Diktaturen, Autokratien und nicht zuletzt auch von Demokratien die Dynamik ge- walttätiger Situationen, sie beschreiben das Erbe der Ge- walt und skizzieren mögliche Wege aus der Gewalt. Sara Berger Experten der Vernichtung -
NARA T733 R10 Guide 97.Pdf
<~ 1985 GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA No. 97 Records of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories (Reichsministerium fiir die besetzten Ostgebiete) and Other Rosenberg Organizations, Part II Microfiche Edition National Archives and Records Administration Washington, DC 1996 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ...................................................... i Glossary ......................................................... vi Captured German and Related Records in the National Archives ...................... ix Published Guides to German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria, VA ................. xxiii Suggestions for Citing Microfilm ....................................... xxvii Instructions for Ordering Microfilm ...................................... xxx Appendix A, Documents from the Rosenberg Collection Incorporated Within the National Archives Collection of World War II War Crimes Records, RG 238 ........... xxxi Appendix B, Original Rosenberg Documents Incorporated Within Records of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), RG 226 .............................. xxxviii Microfiche List .................................................. xxxix INTRODUCTION The Guides to German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria, VA, constitute a series of finding aids to the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) microfilm publications of seized records of German central, regional, and local government agencies and of military commands and units, as well as of the Nazi Party, its component formations, -
Guides to German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria, Va
GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA. No. 32. Records of the Reich Leader of the SS and Chief of the German Police (Part I) The National Archives National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1961 This finding aid has been prepared by the National Archives as part of its program of facilitating the use of records in its custody. The microfilm described in this guide may be consulted at the National Archives, where it is identified as RG 242, Microfilm Publication T175. To order microfilm, write to the Publications Sales Branch (NEPS), National Archives and Records Service (GSA), Washington, DC 20408. Some of the papers reproduced on the microfilm referred to in this and other guides of the same series may have been of private origin. The fact of their seizure is not believed to divest their original owners of any literary property rights in them. Anyone, therefore, who publishes them in whole or in part without permission of their authors may be held liable for infringement of such literary property rights. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 58-9982 AMERICA! HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION COMMITTEE fOR THE STUDY OP WAR DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECOBDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXAM)RIA, VA. No* 32» Records of the Reich Leader of the SS aad Chief of the German Police (HeiehsMhrer SS und Chef der Deutschen Polizei) 1) THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION (AHA) COMMITTEE FOR THE STUDY OF WAE DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA* This is part of a series of Guides prepared -
Nurses and Midwives in Nazi Germany
Downloaded by [New York University] at 03:18 04 October 2016 Nurses and Midwives in Nazi Germany This book is about the ethics of nursing and midwifery, and how these were abrogated during the Nazi era. Nurses and midwives actively killed their patients, many of whom were disabled children and infants and patients with mental (and other) illnesses or intellectual disabilities. The book gives the facts as well as theoretical perspectives as a lens through which these crimes can be viewed. It also provides a way to teach this history to nursing and midwifery students, and, for the first time, explains the role of one of the world’s most historically prominent midwifery leaders in the Nazi crimes. Downloaded by [New York University] at 03:18 04 October 2016 Susan Benedict is Professor of Nursing, Director of Global Health, and Co- Director of the Campus-Wide Ethics Program at the University of Texas Health Science Center School of Nursing in Houston. Linda Shields is Professor of Nursing—Tropical Health at James Cook Uni- versity, Townsville, Queensland, and Honorary Professor, School of Medi- cine, The University of Queensland. Routledge Studies in Modern European History 1 Facing Fascism 9 The Russian Revolution of 1905 The Conservative Party and the Centenary Perspectives European dictators 1935–1940 Edited by Anthony Heywood and Nick Crowson Jonathan D. Smele 2 French Foreign and Defence 10 Weimar Cities Policy, 1918–1940 The Challenge of Urban The Decline and Fall of a Great Modernity in Germany Power John Bingham Edited by Robert Boyce 11 The Nazi Party and the German 3 Britain and the Problem of Foreign Office International Disarmament Hans-Adolf Jacobsen and Arthur 1919–1934 L. -
ZRBG – Ghetto-Liste (Stand: 01.08.2014) Sofern Eine Beschäftigung I
ZRBG – Ghetto-Liste (Stand: 01.08.2014) Sofern eine Beschäftigung i. S. d. ZRBG schon vor dem angegebenen Eröffnungszeitpunkt glaubhaft gemacht ist, kann für die folgenden Gebiete auf den Beginn der Ghettoisierung nach Verordnungslage abgestellt werden: - Generalgouvernement (ohne Galizien): 01.01.1940 - Galizien: 06.09.1941 - Bialystok: 02.08.1941 - Reichskommissariat Ostland (Weißrussland/Weißruthenien): 02.08.1941 - Reichskommissariat Ukraine (Wolhynien/Shitomir): 05.09.1941 Eine Vorlage an die Untergruppe ZRBG ist in diesen Fällen nicht erforderlich. Datum der Nr. Ort: Gebiet: Eröffnung: Liquidierung: Deportationen: Bemerkungen: Quelle: Ergänzung Abaujszanto, 5613 Ungarn, Encyclopedia of Jewish Life, Braham: Abaújszántó [Hun] 16.04.1944 13.07.1944 Kassa, Auschwitz 27.04.2010 (5010) Operationszone I Enciklopédiája (Szántó) Reichskommissariat Aboltsy [Bel] Ostland (1941-1944), (Oboltsy [Rus], 5614 Generalbezirk 14.08.1941 04.06.1942 Encyclopedia of Jewish Life, 2001 24.03.2009 Oboltzi [Yid], Weißruthenien, heute Obolce [Pol]) Gebiet Vitebsk Abony [Hun] (Abon, Ungarn, 5443 Nagyabony, 16.04.1944 13.07.1944 Encyclopedia of Jewish Life 2001 11.11.2009 Operationszone IV Szolnokabony) Ungarn, Szeged, 3500 Ada 16.04.1944 13.07.1944 Braham: Enciklopédiája 09.11.2009 Operationszone IV Auschwitz Generalgouvernement, 3501 Adamow Distrikt Lublin (1939- 01.01.1940 20.12.1942 Kossoy, Encyclopedia of Jewish Life 09.11.2009 1944) Reichskommissariat Aizpute 3502 Ostland (1941-1944), 02.08.1941 27.10.1941 USHMM 02.2008 09.11.2009 (Hosenpoth) Generalbezirk -
Holocaust Documents
The Holocaust The Holocaust is a period in European history that took place in Nazi Germany during the late 1930s and 1940s, just prior to and during World War II. It is important for all people to have an understanding of this genocide. This packet contains a large amount of primary and secondary source information. You should familiarize yourself with this for our discussion. My expectations for this 45 minute Harkness Table are high. I want to hear evidence of your reading and understanding of what happened in the holocaust. This packet is yours to keep. Feel free to mark it up. You may consider using a highlighter; post it notes, something to organize your research and studying so you may be able to hold an intellectual and informed discussion. Additionally, on the day you are not participating in the circle you will need to be contributing to the Google back channel discussion. Please bring your electronic device, phone, tablet, and laptop, whatever you have, to the class. I will be looking for your active engagement in the virtual discussion outside the circle. To view a timeline of the events that you are studying please visit the following webpage: http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/timeline.html To view images of the Holocaust and German occupation please visit the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum at the following link: http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_list.php?MediaType=ph Some thoughts and questions to consider when you are preparing: • Who were the Nazis? • What did they stand for? • When did they take control in Germany? • Who was Adolph Hitler? • Who was responsible for the destruction of millions of Jews, Poles, Gypsies, and other groups during World War II? • How could this happen? • Why didn’t the allies do anything to stop it? The Wannsee Protocols On January 20, 1942, an extraordinary 90-minute meeting took place in a lakeside villa in the wealthy Wannsee district of Berlin. -
Gigliotti Et Al. from the Camp to the Road
Geographies.indb 192 2/3/14 10:01 AM 7 From the Camp to the Road Representing the Evacuations from Auschwitz, January 1945 Simone Gigliotti Marc J. Masurovsky and Erik Steiner “They did noT Tell us where we were going – they just said to go – we saw thousands upon thousands of peo- ple – there were all these factories that surrounded Aus- chwitz and all these prisoners joined the march.”1 This commotion, according to Fela Finkelstein, was made all the more menacing by the guards’ threat that “anyone who does not walk, we will shoot, anyone who is weak, we will shoot.”2 From January 17 to 22, 1945, Finkelstein was among an estimated 56,000 Jewish and non-Jewish men, women, and children who were evacuated from forty 193 Geographies.indb 193 2/3/14 10:01 AM camps in the Auschwitz camp complex. The conditions of the evacua- tion journeys, the health of the former camp prisoners, and guards’ abu- sive treatment of them blatantly contradicted the ostensible intention of their preservation and use as forced labor. Most evacuated prisoners walked between fifty and sixty kilometers to interim locations where they awaited rail transport to take them to concentration camps in the German Reich. The slow pace of the columns, moving at an average of no more than three kilometers per hour, made them more vulnerable to violence and Soviet military attacks. The relocation of Auschwitz prisoners had become urgent because January 12 marked the beginning of the Soviet Army’s Vistula-Oder Offensive, eight days ahead of sched- ule. -
ABSTRACT Title of Document: the FURTHEST
ABSTRACT Title of Document: THE FURTHEST WATCH OF THE REICH: NATIONAL SOCIALISM, ETHNIC GERMANS, AND THE OCCUPATION OF THE SERBIAN BANAT, 1941-1944 Mirna Zakic, Ph.D., 2011 Directed by: Professor Jeffrey Herf, Department of History This dissertation examines the Volksdeutsche (ethnic Germans) of the Serbian Banat (northeastern Serbia) during World War II, with a focus on their collaboration with the invading Germans from the Third Reich, and their participation in the occupation of their home region. It focuses on the occupation period (April 1941-October 1944) so as to illuminate three major themes: the mutual perceptions held by ethnic and Reich Germans and how these shaped policy; the motivation behind ethnic German collaboration; and the events which drew ethnic Germans ever deeper into complicity with the Third Reich. The Banat ethnic Germans profited from a fortuitous meeting of diplomatic, military, ideological and economic reasons, which prompted the Third Reich to occupy their home region in April 1941. They played a leading role in the administration and policing of the Serbian Banat until October 1944, when the Red Army invaded the Banat. The ethnic Germans collaborated with the Nazi regime in many ways: they accepted its worldview as their own, supplied it with food, administrative services and eventually soldiers. They acted as enforcers and executors of its policies, which benefited them as perceived racial and ideological kin to Reich Germans. These policies did so at the expense of the multiethnic Banat‟s other residents, especially Jews and Serbs. In this, the Third Reich replicated general policy guidelines already implemented inside Germany and elsewhere in German-occupied Europe. -
Informationen Zur Politischen Bildung/Izpb
Informationen 316 zur politischen Bildung / izpb 3/2012 Nationalsozialismus: Krieg und Holocaust 2 Nationalsozialismus: Krieg und Holocaust Inhalt Krieg und Holocaust ....................................................................... 4 Der Weg in den Krieg ......................................................................5 Außenpolitische Erfolge ......................................................................... 5 Wille zum Krieg .........................................................................................9 Hitler-Stalin-Pakt .................................................................................... 12 Krieg und Besatzung in Ost- und Westeuropa .......... 16 Siedlung und Vertreibung ...................................................................19 Kriegsalltag und Widerstand in Deutschland ........................... 20 Besetzung Westeuropas .......................................................................22 Luftkrieg gegen Großbritannien ..................................................... 24 Vernichtungskrieg gegen die Sowjetunion ..................................25 Massenmord und Holocaust ..................................................33 Krankenmord ............................................................................................33 Deportationen ......................................................................................... 36 Mord an den polnischen Juden .........................................................41 Wannsee-Konferenz ...............................................................................42