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Autumn-Mag-2016-Hyperlinks 1ISSUE 16 | AUTUMN 2016 Wonderful Work By HONSHU WHITE ADMIRAL ALSO IN THIS ISSUE: VISITOR FROM JAPAN | NOTABLE NOTOREAS | CHRISTCHURCH BUTTERFLY DAZE 2 our other butterflies, moths and insect life in general. It From the is so valuable that we can so easily contribute to citizen science – and it’s a real thrill, too, when one of your tagged EDITOR monarchs is spotted! There are still many people hat an amazing who think that you plant summer! a swan plant and you CONTENTS WI have just returned from a have ideal butterfly habitat. Not so! Cover photo: Honshu white admiral by whirlwind tour with two Americans very Permaculture (or sustainable agriculture) Quentin Paynter interested in monarch butterflies (in has huge benefits for gardening and some tips for butterflies are shared in our 2 Editorial particular). They were amazed at how many they saw – but also how few other regular Gardening feature. I hope you 3 Honshu White Admiral butterflies there were. I was able to show enjoy this issue of BUTTERFLIES. Update them one red admiral and they released yellows in my garden. You’ll read more 4-5 Notoreas moths about it inside. We have exciting news to relate about 6 Guest Editorial: a Japanese swallowtail and the Honshu Martin Warren white admiral in this issue. Also the Butterfly Conservation outcome of our Big Backyard Butterfly Count and an update on the exquisite 7 Japanese swallowtail Notoreas moth. 8-9 On the administrative side, meet our Butterfly Daze, latest trustee, Joan Fairhall. We will Christchurch be holding our AGM later this month Annual General Meeting in Christchurch and we do hope that we get to see many of our Cantabrian 10 Big Backyard Butterfly Count members come along. Results We do urge you, as well, to think about tagging your monarch butterflies this 11 Gardening: Permaculture autumn. It is so important to find out what our monarchs are doing and the 12 On the Case environmental factors that are affecting with Inspector Insector their survival will also have a bearing on 13 MBNZT Matters 14 Creative Crew from Chicago Forest Ringlet Have you (or anyone you know) seen a forest ringlet? 15 Photography Tip Forest ringlets are NZ’s unique butterfly that is with Angela Moon-Jones endangered – quickly disappearing. Anyone who Did You Know has seen it is asked to report the sighting or sightings to www.mb.org.nz so they can be documented. People 16 From Our Shop in places like the Coromandel or Great Barrier Island would be more likely to see this quick-flying butterfly high in forest glades. If you see them nectaring we’d love to know the name of the flowering Editor/Secretary: Jacqui Knight shrub, or see a photo of it. Please log them in to www.mb.org.nz [email protected] Art Director: Jai Pancha, [email protected] Treasurer: Carol Stensness A big thank you [email protected] Please support Advertising: Angela Moon-Jones to our magazine [email protected] sponsors. We couldn’t ISSN 2324-1993 (Print) OUR SpONSORS ISSN 2324-2000 (Online) do it without you. Published by: Moths and Butterflies of New Zealand Trust, PO Box 44100 Pt Chevalier, Auckland 1246 www.nzbutterflies.org.nz [email protected] Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ mbnzt Twitter: @NZButterflies Pinterest: pinterest.com/mbnzt Instagram: http://instagram.com/ nzbutterfliesandmoths/ Printed in New Zealand on Cocoon 100% recycled paper using vegetable-based inks 3 Adult Honshu white admiral Top right: egg Below: first instar larva on leaf tip Photos Quentin Paynter cannot be certain they have successfully Japan, which is when butterflies emerge established’. in lowland sites there. It shows we Honshu “The species needs to have released butterflies at just the right time successfully overwintered,” he said “and last year.” we were concerned that conditions in Quentin and Hugh Gourlay visited the this country with our generally milder Waikato release site again in December White winters (than Japan) might not be ideal and found a number of eggs and first for diapausing larvae.” instar larvae. It was with a little trepidation that he “Eggs and larvae were not that hard Admiral returned to the Waikato release site this to find, but they are still quite thin on spring. the ground – diluted by the vast amount “We were limited to releasing newly of honeysuckle present. They probably emerged adult butterflies because of aren’t common enough to consider Update the difficulty we had rearing them in collecting and redistributing larvae to containment where conditions were not other sites yet,” Quentin said. he Honshu white admiral butterfly suitable for their courtship flight and “The presence of eggs and larvae (Limenitis glorifica) has been mating,” said Quentin. “It was a bit of several hundred metres from the release Tobserved in good numbers a long shot because we were relying site shows that butterflies have clearly on Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera on them finding a mate and producing begun dispersing away”, added Hugh, japonica) at its Waikato release site. This offspring when we could only release adding that “they could disperse rapidly vigorous vine is now a widespread weed small numbers.” because they are strong fliers and there in both the North and South Islands and The results have been good, though. It is a vast amount of honeysuckle in the biological control is the only reasonable is apparent that larvae did successfully area.” option left to reduce its prevalence. overwinter as Quentin saw several adult Larvae were also released at a Quentin Paynter from Landcare butterflies at the Waikato release site this second site. He urges folk to be on the Research who has been leading the November, despite relatively cool and lookout and would welcome reports of project commented last year that ‘even windy conditions. sightings. Any sightings can be added at though they reproduced last summer, we “November is equivalent to May in www.mb.org.nz. 4 THELife EDGE on Story and photographs by Brian Patrick he discovery and thrill of finding the first day-flying moth in T the genus Notoreas fell to the extraordinary clergyman William Colenso in Hawkes Bay. What Francis Walker described in 1863 as Notoreas perornata was probably found somewhere in inland Hawkes Bay or Taupo where Colenso regularly travelled as part of his parish. Colenso (1811-1899) was an interesting and at times controversial character who among many notable achievements, wrote about the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi from first- hand experience. He was the first European to discover moa bones and research their significance. He also made impressive collections of plants and described many new species, collected insects and was the first person to collect boulder copper butterflies. He served in local and central government and corresponded with a great many international scientists. In total he published 104 articles in the Transactions of the NZ Institute on diverse subjects in natural history and culture. What’s in a name? Notoreas moths belong to the large family Geometridae which is NZ’s most diverse. The name Notoreas, a word of Greek derivation, alludes to their southern hemisphere distribution. There are at least 30 species of them, all endemic to NZ - the number is Notoreas casanova on Tiwai Spit, Southland, amongst its larval approximate as more have been hostplant Pimelea lyallii, also confined to this section of coastline. discovered in recent times. We are still working on their classification. This together when at rest for longer periods. The adult moths reciprocate their host by is a group of colourful moths that fly They are found from coastal and alpine pollinating the sweet-scented flowers. by day and hold important clues to Stewart Island, throughout the South Typically the larvae of the various our geological history. They also act Island (but local) where most species Notoreas moths are uniform in as an indicator of the health of our reside, to the North Island where just appearance, being a pinkish-purple environment from the coastal edge three species, one of them widely colour with a herringbone dorsal pattern through inland grasslands and riverbeds distributed, live. of various colours including black, white to the high alpine zone, showing it to be Like many of our moths they are fussy or green. under increasing threat even in remote feeders as larvae, depending on just The female Notoreas moth has a places and at higher altitudes. one family of plants for their life cycle. well-developed ovipositor to position The host plants all belong to the family eggs deep inside the plant, hidden and Life history Thymelaeaceae, of which NZ has just crowded among developing buds of the They are extremely active and elusive two genera - Pimelea and Kelleria. Both host-plant, from which the larvae emerge with wings vibrating rapidly even when contain woody-stemmed plants that can and begin boring into the fresh leaves. pausing on bare ground to sunbathe, vary from diminutive sprawling shrubs This leaf-mining behaviour is unknown or on the flowers of their preferred to small trees. All nine Kelleria species, in other geometrid moths. In succeeding foodplants. They are always ready to along with many of the lower-growing developmental stages, the larvae take off at the slightest disturbance. As shrub and sub-shrub Pimelea species, greedily devour the buds and leaves. with butterflies, they hold their wings are hosts to the various Notoreas larvae. Larger larvae are usually found under 5 Pimelea foodplant for Notoreas trailing mats of stems and leaves close appropriate monitoring programmes activities continue to degrade their to the ground. The pupa is contained in as unfortunately the Notoreas moths habitats, and isolate and extinguish a loose cocoon of soil and silk under the highlight the sad state of conservation populations.
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