DOCSLIB.ORG

Xerox University Microfilms

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 78*7911 RAMMING, MELVIN BERT THE e v o l u t i o n OF TME WEST INDIAN*8 IMAGE IN THE AFRO-AMERICAN NOVEL, WITH REFERENCE TO THE WEST INDIAN*# IMAGE IN THE WEBT INDIAN NOVEL. THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA, PH.D.# 1978 UniversiC/ M icnxilm s International 300 n z e e b r o a d , a m n a r b o r , m i is to e © 1978 MELVIN BERT RAMMING ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE THE EVOLUTION OF THE WEST INDIAN'S IMAGE IN THE AFRO-AMERICAN NOVEL, WITH REFERENCE TO THE WEST INDIAN'S IMAGE IN THE V'TEST INDIAN NOVEL A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY MELVIN B. RAHMING Norman, Oklahoma May, 1978 THE EVOLUTION OF THE WEST INDIAN'S IMAGE IN THE AFRO-AMERICAN NOVEL, WITH REFERENCE TO THE WEST INDIAN'S IMAGE IN THE WEST INDIAN NOVEL APPROVED BY Dr elvin B. Toison Dr. Bruce I. Granger Dr. Jidlaph G. Kamoche CUiM j Dr. Alan R. Velie Dr. Jack L. Kendall DISSERTATION COMMITTEE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank the members of my committee for the time which they devoted to this dissertation. My thanks especially to Dr. Melvin B. Toison, Dr. Bruce Granger and Dr. Jidlaph Kamoche not only for reading and criticizing this dissertation in its various stages of development but also for offering much encouragement and stimulation during the entire project. I also wish to thank Ms. Sherri Whylly for securing copies of several novels which I had difficulty in locating, Ms. Evelyn Weeks for taking time off from the writing of her own dissertation to edit mine, and the staff of the Interlibrary Loan Department of Oklahoma University's Bizzell Memorial Library, without whose efforts this dis­ sertation could not have been written. Ill CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION............................... 1 II. MARTIN DELANY’S BLAKE AND THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND................................. 22 III. WEST INDIAN STEREOTYPES IN THE AFRO-AMERICAN NOVEL...................... 57 IV. A COMPARISON OF THE WEST INDIAN AND AFRO-AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIES............... 123 V. THE REJECTION OF THE WEST INDIAN STEREOTYPE................................. 167 VI. CONCLUSION................................. 232 BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................... 238 XV CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Throughout its history the Afro-American novel has evinced an exceptional concern about the presence of West Indians in the United States of America and their consequent involvement in Afro-American affairs. As early as 1859, six years after the publication of the first Afro-American novel (William Wells Brown's Clotel: or the President's Daughter), Martin R. Delany depicted a West Indian as the protagonist of his serialized novel, Blake: or the Huts of America. In the 1970's the West Indian continues to be attractive material for Afro-American fiction, as illustrated by John Oliver Killens' The Cotillion, 1971, and John A. Williams' Mothersill and the Foxes, 1975. Spanning the years between Delany and Williams are several West Indian characters of varying degrees of thematic importance, a fact which testifies to the persistence of the Afro- American attempt to deal with the nature of the West Indian and to examine the potential of Afro-American/West Indian relationships. That the subject of the West Indian should persist in Afro-American fiction is not surprising, for the actual 1 2 presence of the West Indian in America has irrevocably influ­ enced the history of the Afro-American. In fact. West Indians have been involved in Afro-American affairs for more than two centuries. As early as 176 5 a Barbadian, Prince Hall, was preparing himself in Boston for leadership among the Afro-Americans in the Boston community, and in 177 6 he founded the first Lodge in Masonry for Afro-American men.^ In 1826 a Jamaican, John B. Russwurm, was among the first black students to graduate from an American college (Bowdoin), and a year later he co-edited the first issue of Freedom Journal, at that time the only black newspaper in 2 the Western World. And in the late nineteenth century the renowned scholar and founding father of Liberia, Dr. Edward Wilmot Blyden, born and reared in the West Indian island of St. Thomas, made several visits to America to assist in the fostering of understanding between the African, the Afro- American and the Afro-West Indian.^ The relationship between these two groups was essen­ tially a harmonious one, at least until the coming of the Jamaican Marcus Garvey.^ Between 19 21 and 19 27 the charis­ matic and controversial Garvey popularized in America his ^John Henrik Clarke, "West Indian Partisans in the Fight for Freedom," printed in Negro World (June, 1966), p. 20 ^Ibid., p. 22. ^Ibid., p. 23. ^Lennox Raphael, "West Indians and Afro-Americans," printed in Freedomways (vol. 4, no. 3, 1964), p. 438. 3 United Negro Improvement Association (which he had founded in Jamaica in 1914) to such an extent that the U.N.I.A. boasted a membership of roughly six million.^ Advocating that people of African descent should do their part to make Africa the political and cultural center of the African diaspora, Garvey forced Afro-Americans to confront their history and their future with a sense of urgency and pride. His frenzied political and temperamental clash with impor­ tant Afro-American leaders and the American government, his subsequent deportation in 1927, and the rapid decline of his once prosperous U.N.I.A. marked the end of an era which had witnessed the harmonious relationship between Afro-Americans and West Indians.^ But these actualities did not put an end to the era of West Indian immigration to New York, which, beginning after World War I, had occurred simultaneously with the movement of thousands of Afro-Americans from the South to the North. Leaving their jobs as teachers, civil servants, sales persons, policemen and housewives. West Indians flocked to New York "to better their station in life. The convergence of Afro-Americans and West Indians in New York created a climate of intense conflict described by ^Amy Jacques Garvey, Garvey and Garveyism (New York: Collier Books, 1970), p. 264. ^Clarke, p. 6. 7 Raphael, p. 439. g Orde Coombs as a "cauldron." The conflict was due only superficially to the fact that both Afro-Americans and West Indians were competing for the same jobs. The deeper reason was that the Afro-American and the West Indian were psycho­ logically and culturally estranged from each other. The estrangement had much to do with the different strategies employed by England and America in colonizing their black populace. X'That Lennox Raphael calls "the minority neurosis 9 and minority psychosis," which attended the psychology of the Afro-American, militated against his successful economic competition with the West Indian, whose majority status at home lessened his feelings of inferiority to the extent that he could believe that few doors in the American society were closed to him.^^ As Paule Marshall illustrates in Brown Girl, Brownstones (19 59), the white American tended to think that West Indians were "different", a tendency which was tantamount to an automatic reduction (from the white Ameri­ can's point of view) in the potential for conflict between the white American and the black West Indian. So it is that the list of West Indians who achieved positions of prominence in America is quite extensive. g Orde Coombs, Do You See My Love for You Growing? (New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1970), p. 110. 9 Raphael, p. 445. l°Ibid. ^^In Do You See My Love for You Growing?, pp. 113-114 Coombs provides the following list of West Indians who have 5 It would seem that the common African heritage of West Indians and Afro-Americans, their mutual history of slavery, and the continued immigration of West Indians to the United States in the twentieth century would provide virtually unlimited possibilities for artistic exploration of the relationship between the two collective personalities as they meet within the psycho-cultural labyrinth of twentieth- century America.
Recommended publications
  • Lessons from Burkina Faso's Thomas Sankara By

    Lessons from Burkina Faso's Thomas Sankara By

    Pan-Africanism and African Renaissance in Contemporary Africa: Lessons from Burkina Faso’s Thomas Sankara By: Moorosi Leshoele (45775389) Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy At the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: Prof Vusi Gumede (September 2019) DECLARATION (Signed) i | P a g e DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to Thomas Noel Isadore Sankara himself, one of the most underrated leaders in Africa and the world at large, who undoubtedly stands shoulder to shoulder with ANY leader in the world, and tall amongst all of the highly revered and celebrated revolutionaries in modern history. I also dedicate this to Mariam Sankara, Thomas Sankara’s wife, for not giving up on the long and hard fight of ensuring that justice is served for Sankara’s death, and that those who were responsible, directly or indirectly, are brought to book. I also would like to tremendously thank and dedicate this thesis to Blandine Sankara and Valintin Sankara for affording me the time to talk to them at Sankara’s modest house in Ouagadougou, and for sharing those heart-warming and painful memories of Sankara with me. For that, I say, Merci boucop. Lastly, I dedicate this to my late father, ntate Pule Leshoele and my mother, Mme Malimpho Leshoele, for their enduring sacrifices for us, their children. ii | P a g e AKNOWLEDGEMENTS To begin with, my sincere gratitude goes to my Supervisor, Professor Vusi Gumede, for cunningly nudging me to enrol for doctoral studies at the time when the thought was not even in my radar.
  • Negroes Are Different in Dixie: the Press, Perception, and Negro League Baseball in the Jim Crow South, 1932 by Thomas Aiello Research Essay ______

    Negroes Are Different in Dixie: the Press, Perception, and Negro League Baseball in the Jim Crow South, 1932 by Thomas Aiello Research Essay ______

    NEGROES ARE DIFFERENT IN DIXIE: THE PRESS, PERCEPTION, AND NEGRO LEAGUE BASEBALL IN THE JIM CROW SOUTH, 1932 BY THOMAS AIELLO RESEARCH ESSAY ______________________________________________ “Only in a Negro newspaper can a complete coverage of ALL news effecting or involving Negroes be found,” argued a Southern Newspaper Syndicate advertisement. “The good that Negroes do is published in addition to the bad, for only by printing everything fit to read can a correct impression of the Negroes in any community be found.”1 Another argued that, “When it comes to Negro newspapers you can’t measure Birmingham or Atlanta or Memphis Negroes by a New York or Chicago Negro yardstick.” In a brief section titled “Negroes Are Different in Dixie,” the Syndicate’s evaluation of the Southern and Northern black newspaper readers was telling: Northern Negroes may ordain it indecent to read a Negro newspaper more than once a week—but the Southern Negro is more consolidated. Necessity has occasioned this condition. Most Southern white newspapers exclude Negro items except where they are infamous or of a marked ridiculous trend… While his northern brother is busily engaged in ‘getting white’ and ruining racial consciousness, the Southerner has become more closely knit.2 The advertisement was designed to announce and justify the Atlanta World’s reformulation as the Atlanta Daily World, making it the first African-American daily. This fact alone probably explains the advertisement’s “indecent” comment, but its “necessity” argument seems far more legitimate.3 For example, the 1932 Monroe Morning World, a white daily from Monroe, Louisiana, provided coverage of the black community related almost entirely to crime and church meetings.
  • Negro World Newspaper Collection, 1923-1925

    Negro World Newspaper Collection, 1923-1925

    THE NEGRO WORLD NEWSPAPER COLLECTION, 1923-1925 Repository: Archives & Special Collections, Charles Evans Inniss Memorial Library of Medgar Evers College, CUNY Location: CEIML ASPC, Suite 0108 Identifier: CEIML.NW.003 Collection Title: The Negro World Newspaper Collection, 1923-1925 Name of Creator(s): Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) Inclusive Dates: 1923-1925 Language(s): English Quantity: 3 annual sets of newspapers (bound) SCOPE AND CONTENT HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE The Negro World (1918–1933) was the organ of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), the most massive African-American and Pan-African movement of all time. Garvey's was a black nationalist movement organized around the principles of race first, self-reliance, and nationhood. At its height in the mid-1920s, the UNIA comprised millions of members and close supporters spread over more than forty countries in the Americas, Africa, Europe, and Australia. The Negro World was a faithful reflexion of all the UNIA stood for. It educated African people everywhere on the need for self-determination and racial uplift. With its international reach, it became a major recruiting tool for the organization. Like the larger movement, however, the Negro World was viewed with hostility and suspicion by European and other governments. The Negro World began publication in 1918 in Harlem, New York, about two years after Garvey arrived in the United States from his native Jamaica. Garvey had founded the UNIA in Jamaica in 1914, and he conceived the idea of a major publication before leaving for the United States. He brought considerable experience in journalism and printing to the paper.
  • Negro in the United States. the Annotated Citations Are Grouped In

    Negro in the United States. the Annotated Citations Are Grouped In

    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 031 520 UD 000 321 The Negro in the United States; A List of Significant Books. Ninth Revised Edition. New York Public Library, N.Y. Pub Date 65 Note-25p, Avadable from-Sales Shop, New York Public Library, 5th Ave and 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10018 ($.50). EDRS Price MF-$0.25 HC-$1.35 Descriptors-*Annotated Bibliographies, Art, Biographies, *Booklists, Civil Rights, Equal Protection, Intergroup Relations, Literature, Music, Negro Culture, *Negroes, Negro History This revision of a New York Pubhc Library bookhst is limited to works on the Negro inthe United States. The annotated citations are grouped insections concerned with Negro history and culture, the freedom movement, civil rights, and intergrouprelations.Other categories are collectwe and individualbiography, literature, and music and art. (NH) ,mv...*;:r1:?jpriu r7ii,ipAy..0:r4§:kr5.??Pf CD r\I cp THE NEGRO LU IN THE UNITED STATES A List of Significant Books WELFARE U.S. DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH, EDUCATION & OFFICE OF EDUCATION REPRODUCED EXACTLY ASRECEIVED FROM THE " THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN POINTS OF VIEW OROPINIONS PERSON OR ORGANIZATIONORIGINATING IT. OFFICIAL OFFICE OFEDUCATION STATED DO NOTNECESSARILY REPRESENT POSITION OR POLICY. (NINTH REVISED EDITION) New York The New York Public Library 1965 ,wqr3:97q1",- THE TITLES included in this listwere selected by the following committee from the staff of The New YorkPublic Library: ANNE JUDGE 115th Street Branch MRS DOROTHY PITMAN Hamilton Grange Branch MRS RUTH RAUSEN Richmond Borough Office ROBERT SHEEHAN Readers' Adviser's Office ESTHER WALLS Countee Cullen RegionalBranch WENDELL WRAY Schomburg Collection MRS DOROTHY HOMER, Formerly Branch Librarian, ex-officio Countee Cullen RegionalBranch MRS ELEANOR RADWAN, Office of Adult Services Chairman Edited in the OFFICEOF ADULT SERVICES The Negro in the United States; a List of Significant Books Ninth Edition, 1965,may be obtained for fifty cents from the Sales Shop,The New York Public Library,Fifth Ave- nue and 42nd Street, New York, N.
  • Black History Trivia Bowl Study Questions Revised September 13, 2018 B C D 1 CATEGORY QUESTION ANSWER

    Black History Trivia Bowl Study Questions Revised September 13, 2018 B C D 1 CATEGORY QUESTION ANSWER

    Black History Trivia Bowl Study Questions Revised September 13, 2018 B C D 1 CATEGORY QUESTION ANSWER What national organization was founded on President National Association for the Arts Advancement of Colored People (or Lincoln’s Birthday? NAACP) 2 In 1905 the first black symphony was founded. What Sports Philadelphia Concert Orchestra was it called? 3 The novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin was published in what Sports 1852 4 year? Entertainment In what state is Tuskegee Institute located? Alabama 5 Who was the first Black American inducted into the Pro Business & Education Emlen Tunnell 6 Football Hall of Fame? In 1986, Dexter Gordan was nominated for an Oscar for History Round Midnight 7 his performance in what film? During the first two-thirds of the seventeenth century Science & Exploration Holland and Portugal what two countries dominated the African slave trade? 8 In 1994, which president named Eddie Jordan, Jr. as the Business & Education first African American to hold the post of U.S. Attorney President Bill Clinton 9 in the state of Louisiana? Frank Robinson became the first Black American Arts Cleveland Indians 10 manager in major league baseball for what team? What company has a successful series of television Politics & Military commercials that started in 1974 and features Bill Jell-O 11 Cosby? He worked for the NAACP and became the first field Entertainment secretary in Jackson, Mississippi. He was shot in June Medgar Evers 12 1963. Who was he? Performing in evening attire, these stars of The Creole Entertainment Show were the first African American couple to perform Charles Johnson and Dora Dean 13 on Broadway.
  • In Light of the Career and Work of Marcus Garvey, the Leadership

    In Light of the Career and Work of Marcus Garvey, the Leadership

    REACHING OuT TO A RAcE: MARCUS GARVEY AND MAss COMMUNICATION THROUGH THE LENSES OF SERVANT­ LEADERSHIP -SCOTT FINNIE EASTERN WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION In light of the career and work of Marcus Garvey, the leadership skills he employed help to amplify Robert Greenleaf' s description of the true and genuine servant-leader. In his classic book published in 1977, Servant­ Leadership: A Journey into the Nature ofLegitimate Power and Greatness, Greenleaf identifies a series of attributes and virtues necessary to fulfill the role of "the great leader" who is "seen as a servant first" (p. 7). In his eyes, the concept and dynamics of leadership need an urgent re-definition and conceptual realignment if collective entities are to reach the noble goals to which they aspire: A fresh critical look is being taken at the issues of power and authority, and people are beginning to learn, however haltingly, to relate to one another in less coercive and more creatively supporting ways. A new moral principle is emerging which holds that the only authority deserving one's allegiance is that which is freely and knowingly granted by the led to the leader in response to, and in proportion to, the clearly evident ser­ vant stature of the leader. (pp. 9-10) The following pages will be an exploration into the leadership methodology of Marcus Garvey against the backdrop of Greenleaf's servant-leadership themes. The first part will be a historical examination of Garvey followed by a context analysis of servant-leadership. 267 The International Journal ofServant-Leadership, 2007, vol. 3, issue 1, 267-279 GARVEY'S BACKGROUND Marcus Garvey was born in Jamaica in the late 1800s.
  • The Negro at Work During the World War and During Reconstruction

    The Negro at Work During the World War and During Reconstruction

    U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. B. WILSON. Secretary THE NEGRO AT WORK DURING THE WORLD WAR AND DURING RECONSTRUCTION STATISTICS. PROBLEMS, AND POLICIES RELATING TO THE GREATER INCLUSION OF NEGRO WAGE EARNERS IN AMERICAN INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE DIVISION OF NEGRO ECONOMICS GEORGE E. HAYNES. Ph. D.. Director SECOND STUDY ON NEGRO LABOR W ASH IN GTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1921 Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis CONTENTS, Page. Letter of transmittal........................................................................................................ 5 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter I. Migration, its causes and volume................................................ 10 II. Creation of office, Director of Negro Economics.................... 12 III. Early results of Negro Economics Service................... ............. 19 Problems of Negro Labor........................................................... 20 IV. Cooperation within the department............................................... 22 V. Negro labor and racial relationships at Chicago..................... 26 VI. White and Negro workers in basic industries......................... 32 V II. Statistics on the meat-packing and steel industries.............. 52 V III. Negro labor in the United States shipyards............................ 58
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com09/27/2021 03:12:54PM Via Free Access 232 Sullivan

    Downloaded from Brill.Com09/27/2021 03:12:54PM Via Free Access 232 Sullivan

    New West Indian Guide 88 (2014) 231–261 nwig brill.com/nwig “Forging Ahead” in Banes, Cuba Garveyism in a United Fruit Company Town Frances Peace Sullivan Lecturer of History and Literature, Harvard University, Cambridge ma, u.s.a. [email protected] Abstract In the early 1920s, British West Indians in Banes, Cuba, built one of the world’s most successful branches of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (unia) in the heart of the world-famous United Fruit Company’s sugar-export enclave in Cuba. This article explores the day-to-day function of the unia in Banes in order to investigate closely the relationship between British West Indian migration and Garveysim and, in particular, between Garvey’s movement and powerful employers of mobile West Indian labor. It finds that the movement achieved great success in Banes (and in other company towns) by meeting the very specific needs of its members as black workers laboring in sites of u.s. hegemony. Crucially, the unia survived, and even thrived, in a company town by taking a pragmatic approach to its dealings with the company. Keywords African diaspora – Cuba – Garveyism – British West Indian migration – United Fruit Company In March 1921, Marcus Garvey, president general of the Universal Negro Im- provement Association (unia), visited the town of Banes on the northern coast of Cuba’s Oriente Province. Upon hearing the news of his imminent arrival, officers of the local unia branch, Division #52, hastily made arrangement to ensure a smooth trip for their organization’s leader. Four unia officers and three leaders of the women’s auxiliary group, the Black Cross Nurses, met Gar- vey in the nearby town of Dumois, escorting him and his personal secretary to Banes in a special railcar secured for the occasion.
  • 2011/2012 Black History Trivia Bowl Study Questions # CATEGORY

    2011/2012 Black History Trivia Bowl Study Questions # CATEGORY

    2011/2012 Black History Trivia Bowl Study Questions # CATEGORY QUESTION ANSWER Along the Gulf Coast of Louisiana, what type of music is played 1 Arts with the accordion? Zydeco 2 Arts Who wrote "Their Eyes Were Watching God" ? Zora Neale Hurston Which one of composer/pianist Anthony Davis' operas premiered in Philadelphia in 1985 and was performed by the X: The Life and Times of 3 Arts New York City Opera in 1986? Malcolm X Since 1987, who has held the position of director of jazz at 4 Arts Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New York City? Wynton Marsalis Of what profession were Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, and Countee Cullen, major contributors to the Harlem 5 Arts Renaissance? Writers Who wrote Clotel , or The President’s Daughter , the first 6 Arts published novel by a Black American in 1833? William Wells Brown Who published The Escape , the first play written by a Black 7 Arts American? William Wells Brown 8 Arts What is the given name of blues great W.C. Handy? William Christopher Handy What aspiring fiction writer, journalist, and Hopkinsville native, served as editor of three African American weeklies: the Indianapolis Recorder , the Freeman , and the Indianapolis William Alexander 9 Arts Ledger ? Chambers 10 Arts Nat Love wrote what kind of stories? Westerns Cartoonist Morrie Turner created what world famous syndicated 11 Arts comic strip? Wee Pals Who was born in Florence, Alabama in 1873 and is called 12 Arts “Father of the Blues”? WC Handy Georgia Douglas Johnson was a poet during the Harlem Renaissance era.
  • Copyright by Yuri Andrew Campbell 2014

    Copyright by Yuri Andrew Campbell 2014

    Copyright by Yuri Andrew Campbell 2014 The Dissertation Committee for Yuri Andrew Campbell Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: The Brothers Johnson: The Lincoln Motion Picture Company, Black Business, and the Negro Image During the Progressive Era Committee: _________________________________ Juliet E. K. Walker, Supervisor _________________________________ Toyin Falola _________________________________ Leonard Moore _________________________________ Karl Miller _________________________________ Johnny S. Butler The Brothers Johnson: The Lincoln Motion Picture Company, Black Business, and the Negro Image During the Progressive Era by Yuri Andrew Campbell, B.A., J.D. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University oF Texas at Austin In Partial FulFillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University oF Texas at Austin May 2014 Abstract The Brothers Johnson: The Lincoln Motion Picture Company, Black Business, and the Negro Image During the Progressive Era Yuri Andrew Campbell, PhD. The University oF Texas at Austin, 2014 Supervisor: Juliet E. K. Walker This dissertation looks at the Lincoln Motion Picture Company, the first Filmmaking concern owned and operated by African Americans with the intention oF producing dramas depicting the race in a positive Fashion. By undertaking a micro-level inquiry oF the LMPC the study provides an unusually detailed assessment oF the strengths and weaknesses of a Progressive-Era black entrepreneurial endeavor whose national reach had macro-level economic and cultural eFFect within the African-American commercial realm. On the micro-level, the dissertation adheres to the Cole model oF entrepreneurial history by addressing the Family, social, and employment backgrounds oF the two brothers who owned and operated the Film venture, Noble and George Johnson.
  • The Ancient Kemetic Worldview and Self-Liberation: Mdw Ntr and Seeing with Sia

    The Ancient Kemetic Worldview and Self-Liberation: Mdw Ntr and Seeing with Sia

    THE ANCIENT KEMETIC WORLDVIEW AND SELF-LIBERATION: MDW NTR AND SEEING WITH SIA A Thesis Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS by Stephanie Joy Tisdale May 2013 Thesis Approval: Dr. Iyelli Ichile, African American Studies, Thesis Advisor © Copyright 2013 by Stephanie Joy Tisdale All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT As the direct descendants of the first human beings, African people are the supreme witnesses of Creation itself, and senior authorities regarding the earthly Creations. African people bear supreme witness to humanity, and the most effective methods of being human: the biology and chemistry of life, the physiological and metaphysical aspects of earthly existence, and the science of the cosmic Creations—observing all that is above and what exists there, beyond the sky. By definition humanity is African: the first human beings were African and the first defining innovations of humanity were birthed in Africa. Since history is necessarily a study of the origins of humanity, and the first humans were African, history then must initiate at the emergence of humankind, which took place in Africa. The records left and maintained by the oldest humans on earth—written, memorized, or otherwise—provide amazing clues as to the initial Creation and subsequent development of humankind. As each successive generation works to strengthen the collective memory of their own people’s past before conquer, the struggle to remember memories and to keep traditions intact becomes even more evident. As with every epic turn of events, the conquered are forced to decide if they will remain as such or not.
  • American Negro Exposition, 1863 1940

    American Negro Exposition, 1863 1940

    Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/americannegroexpOOamer AMERICAN NEGR EXPOSITION CHICAGO COLISEUM-JULY 4 TO SEPT.2 OFFICIAL PROGRAM AND GUIDE BOOK' TWENTY- FIVE CENTS ^OKfoait oJa Perfect Jrlodt ly ANHEUSER-BUSCH • ST. LOUIS DIAMOND JUBILEE of NEGRO PROGRESS 75 YEARS OF NEGRO ACHIEVEMENT THE LIBRARY This is the first real OF THE NEGRO WORLD'S FAIR AUG 121940 in all history universe cfiuinoisEXPOSITION AUTHORITY TRUMAN K. GIBSON, Jr., Executive Director This is the first real Negro World's Fair in all history and is being held in Chicago, most accessi- JAMES W. WASHINGTON, President ble metropolitan center and vacation land for all A. W. WILLIAMS, Secretary-Treasurer Americans. CLAUDE A. BARNETT, Member Government departments and federal agencies are ROBERT BISHOP, Member cooperating completely. Secretary of Agriculture L. L. FERGUSON, Member Henry A. Wallace has ordered the FSA, AAA and U. S. Extension Service to prepare large exhibits. Administrator Paul McNutt of FSA present dis- United States Auxiliary Commission plays prepared by NYA, CCC, Social Security U. S. Senator James M. Slattery, Congressman Arthur Board, Department of Education and Public Health W. Mitchell, Dr. F. D. Patterson, President of Tuske- Service. Under Administrator John Carmody of gee Institute; Wilson Lambert, Continental Illinois Bank, Secretary and Treasurer of U. S. Commission. FWA, exhibits are shown for USHA, WPA and PWA while Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins has arranged for a labor exhibit flanked by a show- Commission of the State of Illinois ing of women's and children's bureau activities.