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Guatemala RURAL WATER SUPPLY PROGRAMS

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Guatemala RURAL WATER SUPPLY PROGRAMS GUATEmALA RURAL WATER SUPPLY PROGRAMS A MID-TEqJ EVALUATION OF USAIC-FINANCED PROJECTS TO AGUA DEL PUEBLC AND CARE GUATEMALA Prevered for the USAID Mission in the .Republic of Guatemala under Cn . .. wit thoz International Science and Technology Institute (ISTI) Prepared by: Dr. Hary Eln'erdorf, PhZ'0. Inc. Czrlos Solares, M.S. Ing. Ricardo Alvarsdo, M.A. Lic. Elene Hurtedo, M.P.H. Lic. Lisa Vialman August, 1996 Acknouled;ments Acronyms Executive Suwuary 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose end Scope of the Eveluatiots 1.2 ISTI Involvement 2 1.3 Report Organization 2. Beckground 2.1 Ague del Pueblo 2.1.1 History 2.1.2 Water Supply Achievements end Policies 2.1.3 Program Purpose 2.2 CARE 8 2.2.1 History 2.2.2 Wztir Supply Dchieverents and Policies IC 2.2.3 Program Purpose IC 5. Evaluation 13 3.1 Procedures 13 3.1.1 Communities Selected 13 3.1.2 Chronogram 13 3.1.3 Methodo165y of the Evaluation 13 3.2 Techriques and Field Instruwents 13 Findings for Agua del Pueblo 22 [email protected] Implementation Plan 22 4.1.1 Project Develcpment 22 4.1.2 Technical 24 4*.1.3 System Operation end Faintenance 24 4.1.4 Training end Herlth Educetion 24 4.1.5 Administretion and Finence 21 4.1.6 Implementetion Constraints 27 4.2 Technical Aspects 27 4e2.1 Introduction 27 4.2.2 Community Selection 2e 4.2.3 Preliminary Studies 28 4.2.4 Design 29 4.2.5 Construction end Environmental Impacts 3C 4.2.f Operation and MNintenence 22 4.2.7 Community Perticipaticn 33 4.2.E Ccnclusions 33 4.2,9 Recommendetions 34 4'3 Vanreriel end Finenciel Aspects 3! 4.3.1 Intrcductior 3! 4..32 Organizetion 3E 4.3.2.1 Plannirc and Control 3E 4.3.2.2 eudgeting end Execution 34 4.3.3 Mena;ement end Finance 42 4.3.3.1 Accounting 42 4.3.3.2 Meterials Vandling 42 4.3.3.3 Personnel 44 4.3.4 Reports to AIC 44 4.3.5 WS&S System Construction Costs 4 4.3.6 Collection end Use of Fees 45 4.3.7 Cepacity to Meet Project Goals 47 4.3.8 Conclusions 47 4.3.9 Recommendations 49 4.4 Training and Health Educztion 51 4.4.1 Introduction 51 4.4.2 Training Courses 51 4.4.2.1 The TAR 51 4.4.2.2 Operetion and Maintenance Personnel 53 4.4.2.3 Community Health Workers 53 4.4.2.4 Water Committees 53 4.4.3 Community Health Education 53 4.4.3.1 Wa-1er Committees 53 4.4.3.2 Community Leaders 53 4.4.3.3 Beneficiaries. (Women) 54 4.4.4 Eucationrl #z'terials anM :4ethods 54 4.4.5 Ccnclusions 54 4.4.f Recommendations 5f 4.5 Beneficiaries 57 4.5.1. Introduction 57 4.5.2 Community Selection 57 4.5.'3 Who ere the Beneficiaries? 6C 4.5.4 Use of Water end Sanitation Fecilities 61 4.5.4.1 Household Practices 61 4.5.4.2 Chan-es in ?ehavior and Social Organization 61 4.5.5 Project Benefits 61 4.5.5.1 Pealth Aspects 61 45.51.1.1 Cualityt Cuantity and Access to Water 61 4.5.5.1.2 Excreta Disposal 62 4.5.5.1.3 Hygiene Practices 62 4.5.5.2 Perceived Decline in Water-Related Illnesses 62 4.5.6 Community Suoport Prectices 62 4.5.6.1 Water Committes 62 4,5.6.2 Paintanance 63 4.5.6.3 Convenience end Reaction to Fees 6! 4.5.7 Conclusions 63 4.5e8 Rocommendetions 64 5. Findings for CARE 6f 5.1 Implementation 012n 6 5.1.1 Project Develcoment 6d 5.1,2 Technical 66 5.1.3 System Operation end Paintenance 66 5.1.4 Trainin; end Peolth Education 67 5.1.5 Administratior and Finance 67 5.1.6 Irplementation Cnnstraints 67 5.2 Technical Aspects 62 5.2.1 Introduction 6e 5.2.2 Community Selection 6E 5.2.3 Preliminary Studies 69 5.2.4 Design 69 5.2.5 Construction end Environmental Impacts 7C 5.2.6 Cperation and Mainterance 7C 5.2.? Community Participation ?C 5.2.8 Conclusions 71 5.2.9 Recommendations 72 5-3 Mane;erial and Financial Aspects 73 5.3.1 Introduction 73 5.3.2 Organization 74 5.3.2.1 Flznning and Control 74 5,3.2.2 BudgetinC.and Execution 78 5.3,3 Penagement end Finance 72 5.3.3.1 Accounting ?e 5.3.3.2 Materials Hendli'ng 78 5.3.3.3 Personnel 7r 5.3.4 Reports to AIC 81. 5.3.5 WS&S System Construction Costs 81 5.3.6 Collection ano Use of Fees 81 5i3.7 C.pacity to Meet Project Goals 82 5.3.8 Conclusions 82 5.3.9 Recommendetions 8! 5w4 Trairing and Health Education 84 5.4.1 Introduction 84 85 5.4.2 Conclusions 5.4.3 Recommendations 85 5.5 Beneficiaries $5 5.5.1 Introduction 85 5.5.2 Community Selection 85 5.5.3 Who ere the Beneficiaries? 86 5.5.4 Use of Water end Sanitation Fzcilities 87 5.5.4.1 Household Practices 8? 5.5.4.2 ChanCes in eehavior end Social Crganization 87 5.5.5 Project Benefits 88 5.5.5.1 Pealth Aspects 8 5.5.5.1.1 curlity, Cumntity end Access to Wrter BE 5.5o5.1.2 Sxcreta Cisposal 8e 5.5.51.3 Hy;itne Practices 88 5.5.5.2 Perceived Oecline in Water-Releted Illnesses 88 5.5.6 Community Support Practices 8E 5.5.6.1 Water Committees 88 5.5.6.2 Maintenance 89 5.5.6.3 Convenience end Reaction to Fees 89 5.5.7 Conclusions 89 5.5.E Recommendations 9C 6. MonitoripS Project Impacts 91 6.1 Introduction 91 6.2 Impact Evaluation of Projects to be Installed 91 6.3 Impact Evaluatton of Installed Projects 92 7. General Ccnclus.4ons 93 7.1 Objectives 93 7..2 Techrical Piocesses 93 7.3 Man~aemeni Practices 93 7.4 Educa'ional Component 93 7.5 Impact 93 7.6 Environmentel Benefits 94 7.7 Instit;tl, nrE Caljoacities 94 8. Specific Recommendptions 95 8.1 Ague del Pueblo 95 8e2 CARE 95 8e3 USAIC-Guatemala 9f A. List of Persons Contacted B. Field Instruments C. Example of rural basin for letrine 0. Pictures from the sites visited urru !v..Y11e" Guatemalan Professionals ACKNOWLEDGYENTS This 196 m id-tarm evrlurtion of USAC-suaorted CARE end Agu e 1 Puizlo Weter and Sanitition Pro;rams in Gurtemale w$s prepared by an Znternationil Science and Techncloy InstitLtte CISTI) term composed of one U.S. corsultmnt, Dr.* Mary Elmendorf, end fcur Guatemalan professiorals, InC. CarIcs Solares Buonafina (Serittry Engineer), InS. Ricardo Alverado (Economist), Lic. Elint Hurtaoo (Peoicel AnthropoloGist), and Lic. Lisa Vielmen (Anthropclo;ist). A most invaluable assistant was Ana Lucrecia Borjes, who compiled on the word processor the diverse inputs in Spanish ?nd English and also helped to edit the document. Dr. John Landgraf, Anthropologist, helped with field drivirg, maps, tables, and editing. Thanks are also due to J. llis Turner of CDM/WASH, to Barbara Friday and Robert Bond of ISTI, and to staff members of USAID/Guatemela, Ague del Pueblo, and CARE-Guatemela, not to mention the women respondents end officials of w ter committees in 14 very rural Guetemelan villages. ACRONYMS ACP Agua del 0 ueblo ADJC Alianza par. el Cesarrollo Juveril Comuniterio AID Agency for International 0eveloomont 310 Intermerican Cevelopment Sank (102) CARE' Cooperative for Aemittences to Everywhere CARITAS Carites do Guatemala CCA Water Committee CCCACI CCFEDESCO CCM Cormunities COPECAS Cori-te Permanente do Coordinacion do Agua Potable y Saneamlento CRN National Reconstruction Committee CRS Catholic Support Services DESCOM Desarrollo do la Comunidad DIAAPS National Plan for Water and Sanitation Supply EEE Non-Formal Education EEUU Uniteo States FOP Public Welfare Foundation OXFAM (England) FIA Inter.american Foundation GOG Government of Guatemala INCAP instituto de Nutricion de Centro America y Penama INFOH Instituto de Fcmento PLnicipal 1STI International Science and Technology Institute HINDES - POD Ministry of Urban and Rural Development, Guatemala KSP - MSPAS Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Guatemala NG0 lo.-Gvvq..:vtal Orginization eA(,T Private Agencies Collaborating Together PAHO Pan American Health Organization PRS Rural Health Promoter PVC Polyvinyl Chloride - material used for manufacturing pipes PVO Private Voluntary Crgznization SARUCH Environmental Sanitation in Chimaltenango SARUC Rural Sanitation in El Quiche TAR Techniciens in Rural Acueducts TCS Community Health Worker TSR' Rural Health Technician UNEPAR Implementing Unit of the Rural Water Pipes Prograw VVI World Vision international WASH hater and Sanitation for Health WS&S kater and Sanitation Services EXECUTIVE SUMMA Y This report is a mid-term evaluation of three water ard senitaticn programs conducted in Guatemala by tue private, voluntary or;anizptions (OVCs) CARE and Ague del Pueblo (ACP). The evaluation focused or the fclloaing program comporents: methcdclcqy; technical, managerial ard financial practices; health educaticn; environmental impacts; and perceived benefits to the users. Whenever possible, the evaluetion also compared program epproaches to the projects. The details of the originel agreements are summarized below: Description 520-0298 520-0335 520-0336 --------------- ------ se- -a-- C-- - aaa~ Ca---------- --- --- n eC as------ ­ - AID Ccntribution 5500,000 $1,40CCOC S1,0COOOC Date Signed 01/3C/84 03/08/85 C3/27/85 Completion Date 12131/86 12/3118 C4/3C/88 Wa-or Projects 39 62.
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