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Reaction of Several Aminopyrimidines with Formaldehyde Gerald L

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Reaction of Several Aminopyrimidines with Formaldehyde Gerald L JOURNAL OF RESEARCH of the National Bureau of Standards—A. Physics and Chemistry Vol. 66A, No. 1, January-February 1962 Reaction of Several Aminopyrimidines With Formaldehyde Gerald L. McLeod x (August 29, 1961) Formaldehyde has been shown to react with 2-aminopyrimidine (II) and 2-(methyl- amino)pyrimidine (V) at room temperature to give the corresponding methylol derivatives or the corresponding methylenebis(aminopyrimidines). The reaction of formaldehyde with 2-amino-4,6-dichloro-5-methylpyrimidine (VII) and also its failure to react with 2-(dimethylamino)pyrimidine (IX) are cited as evidence that the pyrimidine ring is not involved in the reaction. 1. Introduction methylol structure is supported by infrared analysis. The spectrum of 2-aminopyrimidine has two absorp- A number of investigations have been made on the tion bands near 3,320 and 3,170 cm"11 whichih are melamine-formaldehyde reaction, and several mech- 2 attributed to N—H asymmetric and symmetriy c anisms [1-5] have been suggested. The complex stretching modes [9]; the methylol compoundd, IIIIII, structures of the triamino-l,3,5-triazines made it shows one fairly broad band at 3,225 cm"1. The desirable to study simpler model compounds. A occurrence of both inter- and intra-molecular hydro- logical model compound, 2-amino-l,3,5~triazine (la), gen bonding in III could cause a lowering of the OH has been reported [6-8] not to give the usual amine stretching frequency, allowing it to overlap the reactions because it tautomerizes to the iminoid N—H stretching band. Treatment of the methylol structure (Ib). Addition of more amino groups to III with boiling, dilute hydrochloric acid gave 2,2'- (methylenediimino)dipyrimidine (IV). This com- NH2 N—H H—N C H2 N—H N N N N 2 : \ A I N' IV pound was also prepared from 2-aminopyrimidine the triazine ring shifts the equilibrium to the benzen- (II) and half a molar equivalent of formaldehyde, oid structure [8], thereby increasing the tendency using a procedure similar to one previously reported to give amine reactions. [10]. Compound IV was also prepared by the In the present study, it was found that 2-amino- reaction of 2-aminopyrimidine (II) with the methylol 1,3,5-triazine does not react with formaldehyde under the conditions used. The 2-aminopyrimidines, The compound 2-(methylamino)pyrimidine (V) which show a structural similarity to the amino- was also found to give a methylol derivative on triazines, give many typical amine reactions and reaction with formaldehyde. This methylol deriva- were selected as model compounds. tive of V was less stable than the methylol deriva- 2. Results and Discussion H3C—N—H H3C—N CH2 N—CH3 The reaction between equimolar amounts of 2-aminopyrimidine (II) and formaldehyde in neutral N A A or slightly alkaline media at room temperature gave iV-(2-pyrimidinyl)aminomethanol (III). The N- VI CH2 tive III and was not obtained in a pure form. It NH2 did, however, react with 2-(methylamino)pyrimidine I (V) to give 2,2/-methylenebis(methylimino)dip3^imi- dine (VI), which was also formed when V was +CH2O reacted with half a molar equivalent of formaldehyde. In contrast with the methylol III, treatment of II III the methylol compound of V with dilute hydro- chloric acid did not give the corresponding methyl- 1 Present address: Itek Laboratories, Inc., Lexington 73, Mass. i Figures in brackets indicate the literature references at the end of this paper. enebis derivative VI. G17296—62 5 65 The following evidence indicates that formal- dines studied in the present investigation show an dehyde reacts exclusively with the amino group and absorption band of medium intensity in the region not with the pyrimidine ring. If formaldehyde near 800 cm"1. This band is consistent with data reacted with the carbon atoms of II or V, the amino observed elsewhere [12] and has been assigned to groups would be unchanged. This postulate is not pyrimidine-ring vibration. Examination of the in accord with the observed change in the infrared infrared spectrum of l,2-dihydro-2-imino-l-methyl- spectra. As mentioned previously, the two bands pyrimidine (XII), which can be prepared from representing N — H stretching in II are transformed 2-aminopyrimidine (II) and methyl iodide, reveals into a single broad band between the two when that there is no band near 800 cm"1. This observa- reacted with formaldehyde. Similarly, 2-(methyl- tion might be explained by the fact that the benzen- amino)pyrimidine (V), which shows a single N—H oid type of resonance present in the other pyrimi- stretching vibration near 3,250 cm"1, gives, on dine rings cannot exist in the imine XII. The reaction with formaldehyde, a product showing no structural similarity of the imine XII to structures X N —H stretching bands. Furthermore, an amino- and XI can readily be seen. Consequently, it might pyrimidine with the ring-carbon atoms blocked was be expected that compounds with imine structures found to react with formaldehyde. 2-Amino-4,6- X and XI would not show a pyrimidine-ring vibra- dichloro-5-methylpyrimidine (VII) gave 2-2'- tion band near 800 cm"1. In fact, the infrared (methylenediimino) bis (4,6-dichloro-5-methylpyrimi- spectra of the products actually obtained from the dine) (VIII). The infrared spectrum of VII shows, reaction of 2-aminopyrimidine (II) and 2-(methyl- as expected, two, N—H stretching bands near 3,460 amino)pyrimidine (V) with formaldehyde reveal the and 3,340 cm"1, whereas presence of the ring absorption-bands at 800 and 795 cm"1, respectively. These bands further support NH2 H—N CHr -N—H the assignment of structures IV and VI to these compounds. A A A l,2-Dihydro-2-imino-l-methypyrimidine (XII) has +CH2O been described [9] as a yellow compound. This fact Cl Cl Cl Cl- was confirmed in the present investigation, and it suggested that compounds having the iminoid struc- VII VIII tures X and XI would also be colored. By contrast, 2,2/-(methylenediimino)dipyrimidine (IV) and 2,2'- that of the methylenebispyrimidine VIII shows only [methylenebis(methylimino)]dipyrimidine (VI) are one N—H absorption band near 3,300 cm"1. found to be, not colored, but white, crystalline com- A compound with the amino group blocked, 2- pounds similar to the parent compounds 2-amino- (dimethylamino)pyrimidine (IX), was recovered pyrimidine (II) and 2-(methylamino)pyrimidine (V). This correlation of the absence of color, the 1 H3C CH3 presence of an absorption band in the 800 cm" region, and the benzenoid type of resonance is supported by the following facts. The hydriodide salt (XIII) of H—N—H H—N—H IX I- N N-CH3 N "— CH3 unchanged after attempts to react it with aqueous formaldehyde. The failure to react demonstrates XIII the reluctance of the pyrimidine-ring carbon atoms the yellow compound l,2-dihydro-2-imino-l-methyl- to react with formaldehyde under the conditions pyrimidine (XII) is a white compound. The used. pyrimidine ring of the salt can have the benzenoid The potential ability of 2-aminopyrirnidine (II) type of resonance and its infrared spectrum does to exist to a slight extent in the imine form [9,11] show an absorption band at 795 cm"1. suggests the possibility that the reaction product with formaldehyde might have structure X and that 3. Conclusions the product from the reaction with 2-(methylamino)- On the basis of the observed data, 2-aminopyrimi- pyrimidine (V) dine (II) and 2-(methylamino)pyrimidine (V) react E—N N—R H—N with neutral aqueous formaldehyde in equimolar proportions to give the corresponding methylol -N N N N—CH compounds; reaction with half-molar proportions of N -CH2-] 3 formaldehyde gives the corresponding methylene- iminodipyrimidines. The reaction of the amino- X, R=H XII pyrimidines with the methylol derivatives to give the XI, R=CH substituted iminodipyrimidines suggests the possi- 3 bility that the methylol derivatives are intermediates might be XI. The infrared spectra of all the pyrimi- in the direct preparation of the methyleneimino- 66 dipyrimidines from the corresponding aminopyrim- Reaction of N-(2-pyrimidinyl)aminomethanol (III) dines. There is no evidence of involvement of the with hydrochloric acid. A solution containing 6.25 g pyrimidine ring in any of the reactions investigated. (0.050 mole) of methylol III and 150 ml of 0.05 N The two iV-methylolpyrimidines, as well as hydrochloric acid in a 250-ml flask was refluxed for 2,2 '-[methylenebis (me thylimino )]dipyrimidine (VI) 5 hrs and cooled to room temperature. The pH. and 21,2'- (methylenediimino )bis (4,6-dichloro-5-me th~ was adjusted to 8-9 with 5 percent sodium hydroxide. ylpyrimidine) (VIII), are previously unreported A white precipitate formed and the reaction mixture compounds. was cooled for three days in an icebox. The white 4. Experimental Procedures solid was collected by suction filtration and air dried. This material slowly decomposed without Infrared analyses were made, on samples prepared melting above 350° and was not investigated as mineral-oil mulls or potassium bromide pellets, further. with a double-beam recording spectrophotometer The filtrate was neutralized with dilute hydro- (sodium chloride optics). All melting points were chloric acid and evaporated to dryness. The white corrected. residue was extracted with four 25-ml portions of 2-Aminopyrimidine (77). Commercial material boiling ethanol. The combined extracts were evapo- was recrystallized once from benzene, giving white rated to dryness and the residue, which contained crystals, mp 126 to 127.5° (Lit. [13] 127 to 128°). sodium chloride, was extracted with a few milliliters Infrared analysis showed two absorption bands near of cold water.
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