Formaldehyde and Methylamine Reactivity in Interstellar Ice Analogues As a Source of Molecular Complexity at Low Temperature V
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The Preparation and Reactions of Certain Quarternary Ammonium And
THE PREPARATION AND REACTIONS OF CERTAIN QUATERNARY AMMONIUM AND RELATED COMPOUNDS By CARL L MICHAELIS A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE COUNCIL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA August, 1953 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express his sincere appreci- ation for the valuable assistance and inspiring direction of Dr. George B. Butler. Special thanks are due Dr. and Mrs. Armin Gropp for the help and encouragement in carrying out this investi- gation. The author also wishes to express his appreciation for the assistance and advice so readily given him by his fellow students, graduate and undergraduate alike. \ ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii INTRODUCTION 1 A. Review of Literature and Statement of Problem 1 EXPERIMENTAL 14 A. General Discussion 14 B. Procedure 18 DISCUSSION . 51 SUMMARY 62 BIBLIOGRAPHY 64 BIOGRAPHICAL ITEMS 66 COMMITTEE REPORT 67 iii INTRODUCTION The need for compounds of good adrenergic blooking activity has been the object of extensive investigation in recent years. In order to get a better idea of the nature of adrenergic blocking activity, it might be best to under- stand first how an adrenergic compound functions. Certain compounds like epinephrine or adrenaline, are powerful agents in stimulating the sympathetic nervous system, that part of the nervous system springing from the thoracic lumbar cord. The substance epinephrine is much like, if not identical to, the substance called sympathin, which is produced at the ending of a nerve in the smooth muscle or gland when a nerve is stimulated. -
Ephedrine by Pseudomonas Putida Detection of (—)-Ephedrine: NAD+-Oxidoreductase from Arthrobacter Globiformis
Degradation of (—)-Ephedrine by Pseudomonas putida Detection of (—)-Ephedrine: NAD+-oxidoreductase from Arthrobacter globiformis E. Klamann and F. Lingens Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, D-7000 Stuttgart 70 Z. Naturforsch. 35 c, 80-87 (1980); received October 24, 1979 (—)-Ephedrine, (—)-Ephedrine: NAD+-oxidoreductase, Pseudomonas putida, Arthrobacter globiformis A bacterium utilizing the alkaloid (-)-ephedrine as its sole source of carbon was isolated by an enrichment-culture technique from soil supplemented with 4-benzoyl-l,3-oxazolidinon-(2). The bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas putida by morphological and physiological studies. The following metabolites were isolated from the culture fluid: methylamine, formaldehyde, methyl- benzoylcarbinol (2-hydroxy-1-oxo-l-phenylpropane), benzoid acid, pyrocatechol and cis, cis- muconic acid. A pathway for the degradation of (-)-ephedrine by Pseudomonas putida is proposed and compared with the degradative pathway in Arthrobacter globiformis. The enzyme, which is responsible for the first step in the catabolism of (-)-ephedrine could be demonstrated in extracts from Arthrobacter globiformis. This enzyme catalyses the dehydrogena tion of (—)-ephedrine yielding phenylacetylcarbinol/methylbenzoylcarbinol and methylamine. It requires NAD+ as cofactor and exhibits optimal activity at pH 11 in 0.1 M glycine/NaOH buffer. The K m value for (—)-ephedrine is 0.02 mM and for N A D + 0.11 mM , respectively. No remarkable loss of activity is observed following treatment -
Paper 1 CIE Chemistry A-Level
PMT Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level CHEMISTRY 9701/12 Paper 1 Multiple Choice February/March 2017 1 hour Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet *7298237059* Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended) Data Booklet READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet. Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully. Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet. Electronic calculators may be used. This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages. IB17 03_9701_12/4RP © UCLES 2017 [Turn over PMT 2 Section A For each question there are four possible answers, A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider to be correct. Use of the Data Booklet may be appropriate for some questions. – 1 Which ion has the same electronic configuration as Cl ? A F– B P+ C Sc3+ D Si4+ 2 Compounds J and K each contain 40% carbon by mass. What could J and K be? J K A a hexose, C6H12O6 starch, (C6H10O5)n B a pentose, C5H10O5 a hexose, C6H12O6 C a pentose, C5H10O5 sucrose, C12H22O11 D starch, (C6H10O5)n sucrose, C12H22O11 3 Two moles of compound P were placed in a sealed container. -
Pesticides and Intermediates, Supp. A
PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM SRI INTERNATIONAL Menlo Park, California ABSTRACT 94025 l Process Economics Program Report No. 171A (August 1985) -0 This report describes and evaluates the processes for making carbo- furan and mancozeb, as well as the intermediates for these two pesti- cides. Carbofuran is made from either catechol or o-nitrochlorobenzene. The economics of each route, including the manufacture of the inter- mediates methyl isocyanate and methallyl chloride, are evaluated. The catechol route is found to be economically superior. For methyl iso- cyanate, which is common to both routes, two nonphosgenation processes are evaluated and compared with two phosgenation processes. The non- phosgenation route is not only competitive with the phosgenation route, but also avoids the transport of both methyl isocyanate and Phosgene when integrated with carbofuran production. Mancoxeb is evaluated in detail, with a brief evaluation of two similar pesticides, maneb, and zineb. The intermediates are carbon disulfide and ethylenediamine. The process for making carbon disulfide from methane and sulfur is evaluated, with a discussion of the use of alternative carbon sources. For ethylenediamine, two processes start- ing from ethylene dichloride, one process from monoethanolamine, and 0 another from ethylene oxide are evaluated and compared. PEP'84 YCY, DJL, CSL - Report No.171A 0 PESTICIDES AND INTERMEDIATES SUPPLEMENT A by YEN-CHEN YEN with contributions by DIN-JIN LIN 0 and CHUN-SAN LIU August 1985 A private report by the PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM Menlo Park, California 94025 For detailed marketing data and information, the reader is referred to one of the SRI programs specializing in marketing research. -
A Sustainable Route from Biogenic Levulinic Acid to 1,5-Dimethyl-2-Pyrrolidone
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Green Chemistry. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021 Supplementary Information Reviving electrocatalytic reductive amination: A sustainable route from biogenic levulinic acid to 1,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone Sonja D. Mürtza, Nils Kuriga, F. Joschka Holzhäusera, Regina Palkovits∗a a Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany. ∗ author of correspondence: [email protected] Contents Contents 1 Additional results2 1.1 Influence of the amine structure . .2 2 Experimental4 2.1 Electrolysis batch experiments . .4 2.2 Microwave experiments . .5 2.3 Purification of the product solution . .6 2.4 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy . .6 2.5 Chemicals: Origin and purity . .7 3 NMR spectroscopy8 3.1 Basic equation for calculations . .8 3.2 N-Methylisopropylamine . .9 3.3 N-Methylbutan-2-amine . 10 3.4 N-Methylpentan-2-amine . 11 3.5 N-Methylpentan-3-amine . 12 3.6 N-Methylcyclopentanamine . 13 3.7 4-(Methylamino)-pentanoic acid . 14 3.8 1,5-Dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone . 15 1 1 Additional results 1 Additional results 1.1 Influence of the amine structure Due to the differing results for sterically different ketonic substrates, an impact of the steric hindrance of the amine was expected as well. The reductive amination of acetone with methylamine and ethylamine was already investigated by Smirnov et al.[1] In this work, very similar results were obtained (Figure S1). 1.0 0.8 Conversion Y (Amine) 0.6 Y (Amine)[47] 0.4 Y (Alcohol) Y (Alcohol)[47] 0.2 Conversion, Yield (-) 0.0 Ammonia Methylamine Ethylamine Ethanolamine Figure S1: Conversion and yields Y of the electrocatalytic reductive amination of acetone with different amines compared to the results of Smirnov et al.[1] Conditions: Pb elec- −2 −1 trodes, 0.04 A cm , 2.4 mol L ketone in 0.5 M KH2PO4, acetone to amine ratio: 1:1.2, pH = 12, one faraday equivalent, 283 K. -
KDC-6 – for Optimal Methylamine Productivity During Your Catalyst Life Cycle
POLYOLEFIN AND CHEMICAL catalYSTS KDC-6 – For optimal methylamine productivity during your catalyst life cycle Albemarle KDC-6 catalyst is the state-of-the-art commercial choice MMA:DMA:TMA is 1:3:1, whereas in Asia the ratio can be 1:8:1. This used in many methylamine production units around the world. ratio is subject to change owing to the increasing number of outlets for Compared with its predecessors, KDC-6 offers superior activity, MMA, for example, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, a solvent. stability, strength and overall productivity. Low carbon formation on the catalyst prevents particle swelling, which, combined with Methylamines are synthesized from methanol and excess ammonia the catalyst’s high initial strength, means that slow pressure drop in a gas-phase reaction at 300–500ºC and at elevated pressure in build-up over time during the catalyst cycle is not seen. This gives the presence of a solid acid catalyst to form an equilibrium mixture KDC-6 its long cycle time and high productivity over the run. of roughly 25:30:45 MMA:DMA:TMA. With the market favoring DMA production, large quantities of MMA and TMA have to be recycled to maximize the production of DMA. This is the basis for the well-known Methylamine production Leonard process, a schematic for which is shown in Figure 1. The reaction of ammonia and methanol in the presence of a solid acid catalyst forms a mixture of mono-, di- and trimethylamine (MMA, In the Leonard process, fresh methanol and ammonia feed are DMA and TMA, respectively). They are important intermediates in the combined with recycled ammonia and methylamines (mainly MMA manufacture of various industrial chemicals. -
Important Features of the Potential Energy Surface of the Methylamine Plus O(1D) Reaction
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Important Features of the Potential Energy Surface of the Methylamine Plus O(1D) Reaction Journal: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Manuscript ID CP-ART-09-2019-005039.R1 Article Type: Paper Date Submitted by the 17-Oct-2019 Author: Complete List of Authors: Wolf, Mark; University of Georgia , Center for Computational Quantum Chemsitry; Hoobler, Preston; Covenant College, Chemistry; University of Georgia Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry Turney, Justin; University of Georgia, Center for Computational Chemistry Schaefer, Henry; University of Georgia, Computational Chemistry Page 1 of 13 Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Journal Name Important Features of the Potential Energy Surface of the Methy- lamine Plus O(1D) Reaction † Mark E. Wolf, Preston R. Hoobler, Justin M. Turney, and Henry F. Schaefer III∗ This research presents an ab initio characterization of the potential energy surface for the methy- lamine plus 1D oxygen atom reaction, which may be relevant to interstellar chemistry. Ge- ometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies were determined for all stationary points at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. The focal point method along with several additive correc- tions was used to obtain reliable CCSDT(Q)/CBS potential energy surface features. Extensive conformational analysis and intrinsic reaction coordinate computations were performed to ensure accurate chemical connectivity of the stationary points. Five minima were determined to be pos- sible products of this reaction and three novel transition states were found that were previously unreported or mislabeled in the literature. The pathways we present can be used to guide further searches for NH2 containing species in the interstellar medium. -
SAFETY DATA SHEET Methylamine 33 Wt. % in Ethanol According to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Annex II, As Amended
Revision date: 28/05/2021 Revision: 2 Supersedes date: 11/05/2021 SAFETY DATA SHEET Methylamine 33 wt. % in Ethanol According to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Annex II, as amended. Commission Regulation (EU) No 2015/830 of 28 May 2015. SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking 1.1. Product identifier Product name Methylamine 33 wt. % in Ethanol Product number 90005593 CAS number 74-89-5 EC number 200-820-0 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Identified uses For research purposes only. Uses advised against No specific uses advised against are identified. 1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Supplier Molekula Ltd. Lingfield Way, Darlington, DL1 4XX, United Kingdom +44 (0) 3302000333 [email protected] 1.4. Emergency telephone number +44 (0) 7769276927 SECTION 2: Hazards identification 2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture Classification (EC 1272/2008) Physical hazards Flam. Liq. 2 - H225 Health hazards Acute Tox. 4 - H302 Acute Tox. 3 - H331 Skin Corr. 1 - H314 Eye Dam. 1 - H318 STOT SE 3 - H335 Environmental hazards Not Classified 2.2. Label elements EC number 200-820-0 Hazard pictograms Signal word Danger 1/12 Revision date: 28/05/2021 Revision: 2 Supersedes date: 11/05/2021 Methylamine 33 wt. % in Ethanol Hazard statements H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapour. H302 Harmful if swallowed. H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. H318 Causes serious eye damage. H331 Toxic if inhaled. H335 May cause respiratory irritation. Precautionary statements P210 Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. -
Is the Reaction Between Formic Acid and Protonated Aminomethanol a Possible Source of Glycine Precursors in the Interstellar Medium?
A&A 579, A125 (2015) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201526548 & c ESO 2015 Astrophysics Is the reaction between formic acid and protonated aminomethanol a possible source of glycine precursors in the interstellar medium? Pilar Redondo, Antonio Largo, and Carmen Barrientos Computational Chemistry Group, Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain e-mail: [predondo;alargo;cbb]@qf.uva.es Received 18 May 2015 / Accepted 28 May 2015 ABSTRACT Context. One of the most interesting questions in interstellar chemistry concerns whether we can detect the basic building blocks of proteins in astronomical sources. In ascertaining whether amino acids could be possible interstellar molecules, a crucial point is how they could be synthesized in the interstellar medium. Aims. We do a theoretical study of the ion-molecule reaction involving protonated aminomethanol and formic acid to establish its viability in space. This ion-molecule reaction has been proposed by other authors as a possible way to produce glycine in the interstellar medium. Methods. The relevant stationary points on the potential energy surface of the reaction between protonated aminomethanol and formic acid have been theoretically studied by using ab initio methods. The second-order Moller-Plesset level was employed, in conjunction with the correlation-consistent polarized valence triple-zeta (cc-pVTZ) basis set. In addition, the electronic energies were refined by means of single-point calculations at the CCSD(T) level (coupled cluster single and double excitation model augmented with a non-iterative treatment of triple excitations) on the MP2/cc-pVTZ geometries with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set. -
Concurrent Generation of Methylamine and Nitrite During Denitrosation of Jv-Nitrosodimethylamine by Rat Liver Microsomes1
[CANCER RESEARCH 47, 447-452, January 15, 1987] Concurrent Generation of Methylamine and Nitrite during Denitrosation of jV-Nitrosodimethylamine by Rat Liver Microsomes1 Larry K. Keefer,2 Takako Anjo, David Wade, Tianyuan Wang, and Chung S. Yang Chemistry Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research Facility, Frederick, Maryland 21701 ¡L.K. K., T. A.]; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103 ID. W., T. W., C. S. YJ ABSTRACT basic organic products. Two limiting cases, one reductive and one oxidative, served as working hypotheses; these are illus With the goal of identifying the organic amine produces) of enzymatic trated in Fig. \. paths b ande, respectively. The reductive route /V-nitrosodinifth> lamine (NOMA) denitrosation, 4 HIMNDMA was in was considered because it is well established that some A- cubated with liver microsomes from ethanol-treated rats. The concentra tions of dimethylamine and methylamine were determined by derivatiza- nitroso compounds [for example, the carcinostatic nitrosoureas tion with 2,4-dinitrufluorobenzcncfollowed by gas chromatography-mass (41)] are metabolized in this way. The resulting N—Nbond cleavage initially produces nitric oxide (NO-), which is easily spectrometry. There was no net increase in the concentration of dimeth ylamine during incubation, but the yield of methylamine was equimolar converted to nitrite by ambient oxidizing agents. If this is the with that of nitrite. Additional incubations of NDMA using acetone- mechanism of NDMA denitrosation, dimethylamine would be induced microsomes, 1 imi and 0.1 HIMsubstrate, gave methylamine/ the by-product of nitrite generation, as shown in Fig. -
Methylamine As a Nitrogen Source for Microorganisms from a Coastal Marine Environment
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of East Anglia digital repository Methylamine as a Nitrogen Source for Microorganisms from a Coastal Marine Environment Martin Tauberta,b, Carolina Grobb, Alexandra M. Howatb, Oliver J. Burnsc, Jennifer Pratscherb, Nico Jehmlichd, Martin von Bergend,e,f, Hans H. Richnowg, Yin Chenh,1, J. Colin Murrellb,1 aAquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany bSchool of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK cSchool of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK dDepartment of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany eInstitute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Brüderstraße 32, 04103 Leipzig, Germany fDepartment of Chemistry and Bioscience, University of Aalborg, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark. gDepartment of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany hSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK 1To whom correspondence should be addressed. J. Colin Murrell, Phone: +44 (0)1603 59 2959, Email: [email protected], and Yin Chen, Phone: +44 (0)24 76528976, Email: [email protected] Keywords: marine methylotrophs, 15N stable isotope probing, methylamine, metagenomics, metaproteomics Classification: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES/Microbiology Short title: Methylamine as a Nitrogen Source for Marine Microbes This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. -
Application Guide
Application Guide Procedure for the synthesis, deprotection and isolation of RNA using TOM-protected monomers NHAc NHAc N N HN HN AcHN 2’-O O DMTO DMTO DMTO DMTO Si O O O O TOM-Protecting-Group™ OTOM OTOM OTOM OTOM i O-P-N( Pr)2 i i i O-P-N( Pr)2 O-P-N( Pr)2 O-P-N( Pr)2 O-CNEt O-CNEt O-CNEt O-CNEt (1) A-TOM (2) C-TOM (3) G-TOM (4) U-TOM A. INTRODUCTION RNA synthesis using monomers containing the Protecting-Group is that during basic steps it cannot undergo 2’-O-TriisopropylsilylOxyMethyl (TOM) group (TOM-Protecting- 2’ to 3’ migration. This migration under basic conditions leads Group™) is characterized by very high coupling efficiency to non-biologically active 2’-5’ linkages when using the tBDMS along with fast, simple deprotection. High coupling efficiency group. These features allow the TOM-Protected monomers to is achieved because the TOM-Protecting-Group exhibits lower produce longer oligonucleotides and, for this reason, we offer steric hindrance than the 2’-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl (tBDMS) only 1000Å supports. TOM-Protected RNA monomers are also group used in our previous RNA monomers. Indeed the TOM- fully compatible with minor bases with 2’-O-tBDMS protection. Protecting-Group is similar sterically to the 2’-OMe group and The synthesis cycle used with TOM-Protected RNA monomers exhibits high efficiency similar to 2’-OMe-RNA monomers. is identical to previous DNA and RNA cycles, with coupling Fast and reliable deprotection is achieved using ammonium times as shown below.