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Correlations Between Endogen Amylin Hormone and Some Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola Correlations between Endogen Amylin Hormone ISSN 1516-635X Oct - Dec 2014 / v.16 / n.4 / 375-380 and Some Hormonal, Biochemical and Bone Parameters in Pullets http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-635x1604375-380 Author(s) ABSTRACT Guzel SI Gunes NI The objective of this study was to assess the correlations of amylin (a pancreatic polypeptide hormone) with some hormonal, biochemical I Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Ve- and bone parameters in pullets. Forty 18-week-old pullets were terinary Medicine, University of Uludağ, 16 used. Plasma amylin, CT (calcitonin), 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D (1,25 059 - Görükle, Bursa, TURKEY. dihydroxycholecalciferol ), serum osteocalcin, glucose, ALP (alkaline phosphatase), cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as weight, length and total volume of tibiotarsi were measured. Plasma amylin concentration was negatively correlated with serum cholesterol (p<0.05) and triglycerides (p<0.05) concentrations. Plasma amylin concentration was significantly and positively correlated with plasma calcitonin concentrations (p<0.001). Serum ALP and plasma amylin concentrations were positively correlated (p<0.01). There were no correlations between amylin hormone and other parameters. Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that endogen amylin may effect cholesterol, triglycerides, calcitonin, and ALP levels in pullets without changing some other hormonal, biochemical and bone parameters related to calcium and lipid metabolism. INTRODUCTION Amylin is a hormone composed of a 37-amino acid peptide and was discovered in 1987 (Cornish et al., 1998a). Amylin, also known IAPP Mail Address (islet amyloid polypeptide), is colocalized with insulin in the beta-cells Corresponding author e-mail address of the pancreatic islets (Lebovitz, 2010). It is also found in much lesser Dr. Saime GUZEL, Department of Bioche- quantities in the gastrointestinal tract and hypothalamus. Northern- mistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, blot analysis indicates that IAPP mRNA is expressed in the chicken University of Uludag, Gorukle, 16059, Bursa, Turkey. brain and intestine at a greater than 10 fold higher level than that Telephone: 0.90.224.2941233 found in the pancreas (Westermark et al., 2011). Receptors for amylin Fax:0.90.224.2941202 are highly concentrated especially in the central nervous system, area E-mail: [email protected] postrema and nucleus accumbens, but it is likely that they are present on the surface of osteoblasts and osteoclasts as well (Fu et al., 2013). There is a 20% sequence homology between amylin, CT (calcitonin) Keywords and adrenomedullin and 44% homology with CGRP (calcitonin gene Amylin, Calcitonin, Alkaline Phosphatase, ti- related peptide), because it is a member of the calcitonin family. Amylin biotarsus. is a potent osteoblast mitogen and, acting like CT, an inhibitor of bone resorption. Unreduced amylin contains an intact disulfide bond between the position 2 and 7 of the peptide (Granholm, 2011). Several experiments reported that this disulfide bond of the amylin molecule plays a key role in the amylin effects on bone and on the stimulation of osteoblast proliferation (Cornish et al., 1998a, b; Bronsky, 2004). Amylin and CGRP have been reported to have CT-like hypocalcemic activity in vivo. Both human amylin and CGRP inhibited 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D (1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol)-induced bone resorption in a tissue culture system, and the biological potencies of the two peptides Submitted: May/2013 Approved: January/2014 were approximately 60-fold lower than that recorded for human CT. 375 Correlations between Endogen Amylin Hormone Guzel S, Gunes N and Some Hormonal, Biochemical and Bone Parameters in Pullets Bone development of laying hens is critical in the ad libitum. The pullets had free access to water. The egg industry. Pullets at the beginning of the laying room temperature was maintained at 22 to 27oC and period, undergo considerable metabolic stress, and 12 h/d of light was applied. The diets were formulated required the supply of approximately 2.4 g calcium according to bird age (Table 1). daily to the oviduct for shell formation. Dietary calcium supplies about 60 to 75% of the calcium required for Table 1 – Ingredients and calculated nutrient composition of pullet diets eggshell formation, whereas the other 25 to 40% Calculated nutrient % Ingredient (%) comes from bones (Newberry et al., 1999). Therefore, composition bone reserves are important in laying hens. It was Wheat bran 3.90 Corn Bran 7 reported that amylin increases bone cortical width in Crude protein (%) 18.03 Corn 45 ME (kcal/kg) 2.70 mice (Cornish et al., 1998a) and laying hens (Guzel et Cotton seed meal, 44% 10 Calcium (%) 3.70 Soybean Meal, 44% 20.56 al., 2009). Phosphorus (%) 0.68 Dicalcium phosphate 1.83 Linoleic acid (%) 1.00 Amylin is co-secreted with insulin from the β-cells DL-methionine 0.08 Methionine (%) 0.30 Oyster shell 5 of the pancreatic islets in response to stimulation of Lysine (%) 0.70 Limestone 3.34 glucose, free fatty acids and food intake (Miegueu et Av. Phosphrus (%) 0.40 L-Lysine hydrochloride 0.10 al., 2013) Amylin is an important player in the control Vitamin-Mineral Mix 0.30 of energy balance. It inhibits food intake by supporting Vitamin and trace mineral premix supplied per kg of premix: vitamin A 280 000 IU, postprandial satiation, probably through stimulation vitamin D3 120 000 IU, vitamin E 2000 mg, vitamin B1 3200, vitamin K3 1600 mg, vitamin B2 640 mg, vitamin B6 480 mg, vitamin B12 4.8 mg, pantothenic acid 1600 of its receptor in the area postrema. Amylin increases mg, niacin 2400, folic acid 160 mg, biotin 48 mg, choline chloride 160 000 mg, Cu 800 energy expenditure after peripheral and central mg, I 48 mg, Co 40 mg, Se 32 mg, Mn 9600mg, Fe 19 200 mg, Zn 2400 mg, calcium administration in animals (Lutz et al., 2006, 2010). D-pantothenate 320 mg, BHT 4000 mg, niacin 800 mg. Chronic infusion of amylin into the brain reduces body weight gain and adiposity, while chronic infusion of an Experimental Procedure antagonist of amylin receptors into the brain increases All birds were weighed and sacrificed by cutting the body adiposity (Lutz et al., 2010; Wielinga et al., 2010). neck veins. Blood samples were taken into vacutainers In vitro, amylin was found to inhibit both basal and (Venoject, Terumo, Leuven, Belgium) containing EDTA insulin-stimulated glycogenesis in rat skeleton muscle as an anticoagulant and tubes with no anticoagulant (Leighton et al., 1988) and to impair glucose disposal in (serum tube) on slaughtering day. The samples were liver cells (Hoppener et al., 2008). Infusion of amylin in immediately centrifuged at 3000×g for 10 min. Serum dogs also induced peripheral insulin resistance (Xinwei glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels were et al., 2011). High levels of amylin are observed in measured on slaughtering day. The remaining serum obese children and obese adults with impaired glucose and plasma were stored at -80°C until the day of tolerance or type-2 diabetes (Reinehr et al., 2007). analysis. Cellular and animal studies implicate multiple roles of amylin in regulating insulin action and glucose and Chemical Analyses lipid metabolism. However, the relationships between Serum glucose level was measured with a commercial amylin and serum glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride kit (BD-D-GLUPAP-01, Fluitest, Biocon Diagnostik, levels in poultry has not been studied yet. Germany) using a spectrophotometer (Schimadzu We carried out this study to evaluate if amylin has a UV 1601, Kyoto, Japan). Serum ALP, triglycerides, relationship with CT, 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D, osteocalcin, and cholesterol levels were also determined with ALP, glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol level, as well a commercial kit (REF 80014, REF 80106 and REF with tibiotarsal weight, length and total volume in 80019, respectively, Biolabo, Maizy, France) using pullets. spectrophotometer. Plasma CT was measured with commercial ELISA MATERIALS AND METHODS kits (S-1227, Peninsula lab., Bachem group, San Carlos, CA). The intra-assay CV for CT was 6.4%. Plasma Birds 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D and serum osteocalcin were The experiment was performed with 40 layer pullets also measured with commercial ELISA kits (K2112, with 18 weeks of age. The mean±standard error (SEM) Immunodıagnostık AG, Bensheim; 99-0054, Zymed body weight of pullets was 1398±87 g. Pullets were lab., California, USA, respectively). Before the 1,25 housed in the same room on deep litter and were fed (OH)2 vitamin D assay, plasma samples were extracted 376 Correlations between Endogen Amylin Hormone Guzel S, Gunes N and Some Hormonal, Biochemical and Bone Parameters in Pullets using the procedure of the 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D kit amylin may directly or indirectly induce dyslipidemia. to separate 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D from other vitamin Smith et al. (2000) reported that a bolus injection or D metabolites, especially from the 25 (OH) vitamin infusion with amylin significantly raised total plasma D and 24,25 (OH)2 vitamin D. The intra-assay CV for triglyceride levels and reduced the clearance of TG-rich osteocalcin and 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D were 0.6% and lipoproteins in about 45%. In another study, Ye et al. 3.9%, respectively. (2001) showed that amylin infusion in rats increased In order to determine tibiotarsal measurements not only circulating levels of non-esterified fatty acids (weight, length, volume), the right tibiotarsus of each and glycerol, but also hepatic triglyceride content. In bird was immediately dissected from surrounding a recent study, Roth et al. (2008) reported that amylin tissues, the bone cap was removed and kept frozen in reduced plasma triglycerides by 31% and cholesterol a plastic bag at −20 °C until measurement. Each frozen by 10% compared with controls through an increase tibiotarsus was later thawed at room temperature for in lipase secretion, which has a potential role in lysis.
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