352 Section 4
The effect of fertilizers on different wine grape varieties in model container trials
J. ANoRt and E. HAmv
Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, H·6001 Kecskemet, Hungary
Summary: Nutrient supply trials were carried out in model container trials with sandy soils adjusted to low and high nutrient levels (P, K, Mg) for 16 varieties with 5 replications as determined from the a~ of years and varieties. The utilization of high nutrient supply in the soil can be swnmed up as follows: Analysis data revealed an increase of Pin the leaf and wood but there was no change in the grape. Potassium level increased in the leaf and wood but remained unchanged. in the grape. Magnesium level increased in the leaf and wood and also in the grape. Of the production indices an increase was observed in the green mass, wood mass, grape number and grape weight but a decrease in mean grape weight and in the sugar and acid content of the must Winterhardiness increased slightly. It was evident that some varieties differed considerably from· the varietal mean in the evaluated parameters.
K e y w or d s : fertilizing, soil, nutrient, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, leaf, wood, berry, yield, must quality, cold hardiness, variety of vine, Hungary.
Trial target
To detennine the effect of different P, K, Mg doses at identical 1'° supply on - the nutrient regime ofwine grape varieties - the development of the vegetative pans - the quantity and quality offruit yield - the winter hardiness of nonnally developed buds
Material and method
Type oftrial: model trial in containers in plastic tents Plastic tent: unheated covered with plastic film from November till May covered with net from May till November ), Nutrient supply: storage supply: prior to planting P (P p 5 K (K2SO ), Mg (MgSO) homogenized with the soil maintenance supply: N (NH NO 3) in every year 4 Soil: sand Soil parameters: pH (KC!) 8.1 K 25 c~co 1 (%) 4-5 H% 0.44-0.50 Resistance/tolerance to abiotic stress factors 353
Available soil nutrient content: Origin After supply low ( 1) high (2) Al ppm Pp 5 86 100 200 Al Kp ppm 70 150 300 KClMg ppm 25 80 150 Water supply: irregular (compensating for winter precipitation) Number of varieties: 16 ( 11 white wine grape varieties and 5 red wine grape varieties) Number of replications: 5 plants/variety Propagaiion material: standard cutting on its 0\\11 root Year of planting: 1982 Location: Kecskemet-:Mikl6stelep
Analysis results
I n 1 e a v e s : This shows the nutrient requirement of varieties and their nutrient absorption capacity. Phosphorus Varieties of high P requirement and good P absorption: Sztyepnyak, Rheinriesling, Chardonnay, Mikl6stelep 7 Varieties oflow P requirement and good P absorption: Kunleany, Zalagyongye, Stei1,schiller, Medina Potassium Varieties of high K requirement and good K absorption: Rheinriesling, Chardonnay, Steinschiller, Zengo, Zweigelt, F. Kadarka, Blaufrankisch Tf. Varieties of low K requirement and good K absorption: Kunleany, Zalagyongye, Medina, Ezerflirtii, Sztyepnyak Magnesium Varieties of high Mg requirement and good Mg absorption: Chardonnay, Rheinriesling, Sztyepnyak Variety oflow Mg requirement and good Mg absorption: RF 48 In fruit nutrient elements are generally not localized. Phosphorus The surplus Pin berries (and leaves) resulting from high nutrient supply was not significant in most varieties. P content increased in the varieties: Chardonnay, Rheinriesling Potassium At high nutrient supply the increase in K content found in leaves and berries was not significant in the berries. K content increased in the berries of Rheinriesling. Magnesium Mg level in leaves has the same tendency as the Mg level in berries No such tendency was found in the varieties: Kecskemet 9, Ezerflirtii, Sztyepnyak, Zengo 354 Section 4
solids cent PLANT PART~ NUTRIENT ELEMENTS in per
p K Mg
0,40 1,6 0,40
(),30 1,2 0,30 LEAF 0,20 0,8 0,20
0,10 0,4 0,10
0 0 0
0.30 1,2 0,30
WOOD 0,20 0,8 0,20
0,10 0,4 0,10
0 0 0
0,40 1,6 0,40
0,30 1,2 0,30 fB.U!T
0,20 O,B 0,20
0,10 0,4 0,10
0 0 0
Legend' 1 = low nutrit?nl level 2 high nutrient level
Fig. 1: Analysis data in the mean of 6 years (1982-1987) and 16 varieties. Analysis data in the mean of6 years (1982-1987) for 16varieties. The table presents the difference in P, K, Mg values of plant parts expressed in solids per cent of each variety related to the low nutrient level
;: .... I (.!) CJ: w :r: VARIETIES w a> u a_ z in ...J I >- (.!) x <11 <( w ...J ;:::J ...J I- <( ...J " 'i.JJ z >- ;z I- ::.:: ~ U1 I- I >- z w z w :r: :L :o z z ...J CJ: I- 0 CJ: :::J u w >- '<( a_ :<( w <( <( ::::J <11 (.!) ID CJ: l!1 a a: lJ_ •O w >:: w (.!) a z z <( w lJ_ ·o CJ: CJ: (.!) ...J ~ <11 ...... J :::J <( ...J ,, <( ...J >- Cl PLANT PARTS w w z Ill w u z I- <( w ::.:: >:: w <( u.. :::J w ... :r: :r: N w :::J I- N ...J 3= "'t;;• u CJ: w N --, U1 ::.:: N CJ: ::.:: U1 cc N LL: ::L :L s ::i ...0 E. ' LEAF 76 48 57 63 29 45 0 36 17 36 53 29 29 29 43 31 §...... ::i"' WOOD 17 1 5 8 50 20 15 17 8 9 0 17 25 25 8 8 33 ...0 8 FRUIT 55 43 -7 0 12 6 -24 -13 7 0 -10 6 0 0 -18 12 "'c:T g~ Ji. 0 :::; LEAF 20 26 23 27 1 0 1 8 13 27 20 1 6 24 2 3 28 18 37 11 "' ~ "'~ wooo. -3 22 11 36 11 6 2 23 28 14 1 7 Ji, 26 26 2 1 31 !'.) ....0 _, 0 "' FRU! T 4 25 5 4 4 -B 5 -a -13 2 6 12 -5 4 ~ LEAF 22 25 13 42 8 7 10 0 23 11 18 50 3 14 38 35
WOOD -5 17 -5 33 6 6 16 0 12 _, 0 -4 36 -9 22 25 5
FRUIT , 4 35 4 -9 14 4 -6 7 7 -1 25 20 23 8 1 4 ...... °' 356 Section 4
In wood : This allows conclusions as to nutrient translocation and re-utilization. Phosphorus At low nutrient supply there is no significant difference among varieties At high nutrient supply differences are considerable and specific for the variety 20-50 % P increase: Zengo, Jubileum 75, Mikl6stelep 7, Blaufrankisch Tf., Zweigelt No P increase: Kunleany, Zalagyongye, F. Kadarka, Medina
::c ro z z ::0 ..... ,~ UI UI C. Ul 0 Ul 0 11) 0 0 0 o- !a 0 0 0 0 a. w ,_ .0- !.. Ui CHARDONNAY __ ~ .--- I~ ...!.. ~ ..... I Rl-EINRIESL I NG ------~ Ul
Ul en EZERFURTO ------1.;,
en ZEN GO I~ "" Cl:> JUBILEUM 75 ------~ I N en N STEINSCHILLER ------en ~ .,ro ~ ..... ro KECSKEM~ T-9 I~ ::J ------n I Ii> ~ ,_ N
BLAUFRANKISCH Tf. --- N ~ I~ .....I a; Fig. 2: Cluster yield in the mean of 4 years ( 1984-1987) at low and high nutrient supply. Resistance/tolerance to abiotic stress factors 357 Potassium Even at low nutrient supply the increase ofK level is considerable and specific for the variety. In the majority of varieties the Kincrease in the wood has a tendency similar to that measured in the leaves. 25-35 % K increase: Zengo, Blaufrli.nkisch T[, RF 48, F. Kadarka, Zweigelt No K increase: Chardonnay, Kecskemet 9, Steinschiller Magnesium At high and low nutrient supply the Mg level in the wood has a tendency similar to that in the leaf \l.1th lower absolute values. The surplus uptake in leaves cannot be detected in the wood of the varieties: Chardonnay, Sztyepnyak. Kunleany Measurement results of plant parts In the mean of16 varieties, high nutrient availability from the soil in the tested years resulted in the follomng: Increase in green mass, wood mass, cluster number, clusterweight Slight increase in \\'inter tolerance ofnormally developed buds Decrease in mean cluster weight, sugar content of the must, acidity ofthe must Varieties show considerable difference in means of the characters measured.