Making Sense of All the Post Emergent Herbicide Options in Turf
Brian McDonald OSU Horticulture Dec 17, 2013 Turf Herbicides are Like Cereals – more choices than you need. PBI Gordon Has 8 “Trimec’s”!
1. Super Trimec 2. Trimec 1000 3. Trimec 992 4. Trimec – Bentgrass Formula 5. Trimec Classic 6. Trimec LAF – 637 7. Trimec Plus 8. Trimec Southern NuFarm Has Even More Choices!
1. 4-Speed (Pyraflufen + 2,4-D, MCPP, Dicamba) 2. 4-Speed XT (Pyraflufen + 2,4-D, Triclopyr, Dicamba) 3. Cool Power (Ester Triclopyr, MCPA, Dicamba) 4. Escalade 2 (2,4-D, Fluroxypyr, & Dicamba) 5. Horsepower (MCPA, Triclopyr, and Dicamba) 6. Quincept (2,4-D, Drive, & Dicamba) 7. (3) different “Triplet”s (Low odor, Sensitive & SF) 8. Change Up (MCPA, fluroxypyr, dicamba) 9. Elliptical (2,4-D, Fluroxypyr, & Dicamba) 10. Millennium Ultra 2 (2,4-D, Clopyralid, & Dicamba) How do we make sense out of all of these? Overview
1. Making sense of all the Choices a. Review the “standard” 3 – way mixes b. Look at “newer kids” on the block c. Review “alternative” herbicide mixes
2. Review the common weeds and match the herbicides to the weeds.
3. Maximizing weed kill – other factors.
4. Go through a few scenarios. Common Broadleaf Chemicals
Chemical Common formulations 2,4-D Amine salt Ester 2,4-DP Amine salt Ester MCPA Amine salt Ester MCPP Amine salt Dicamba Amine salt Triclopyr Amine salt Ester Clopyralid Amine salt Quinclorac Amine salt “New Kids on the Block”
Chemical Common formulations Fluroxypyr (Spotlight/Escalade 2) Ester
Carfentrazone (Quicksilver/SpeedZone/ PowerZone) Sulfentrazone (in Q4) Pyraflufen (in 4-Speed + 2,4-D, MCPP, Dicamba) Pyraflufen (in 4-Speed XT + 2,4-D, Triclopyr, Dicamba)
Penoxulam (Sapphire) Florasulam (Defendor)
Tenacity (Mesotrione) – Post/Pre emergent
My Classifications
1. “Standard” 3-way Mixes 2. Non 2,4-D 3-way Mixes 3. Safety 3–Way Mixes 4. Specialty 3-Way Mixes “Standard” Mixtures
2,4-D + MCPP + Dicamba
Amine formulations:
Trimec Classic Mec Amine-D Triplet Low Odor Standard 3-Way Mixes
They are all the same thing! lbs of ae per acre at 4 pts/Acre Herbicide Signal Word 2,4-D MCPP Dicamba Mec Amine-D Danger 1.22 0.33 0.11
Trimec 1000 Warning 1.19 0.33 0.11
Trimec 992 Danger 1.19 0.32 0.11
Triplet - Low Odor Danger 1.19 0.32 0.11
Triplet - Selec ve Danger 1.19 0.32 0.11
Triplet SF Danger 1.19 0.32 0.11
Lesco Three-Way Danger 1.19 0.32 0.11
Trimec Classic Danger 0.99 0.27 0.11 Standard 3-Way Mixes “Non 2,4-D Mixes”
lbs of ae per acre at 4 pts/ High Rate Acre
Signal Word Form. Pts./Acre gal/acre MCPA MCPP Dicamba
Trimec Encore Danger DMA Salt 4.00 0.50 1.49 0.32 0.15
Tri-Power Danger DMA Salt 4.10 0.51 1.59 0.31 0.15
If you are banned from using 2,4-D, substitute MCPA. Your weed control will be the same. Standard 3-Way Mixes “Safety Mixes” Low rate of dicamba for tree safety
Signal Rate lbs of ae per acre at 4 pts/Acre
Herbicide Word Pints/Acre 2,4-D MCPP Dicamba
Trimec LAF 637 Danger 3.7 1.52 0.25 0.06 Low rate of 2,4-D for sensitive grass safety (e.g. bentgrass)
Trimec - Bentgrass Warning 6 0.53 0.33 0.14
Triplet - Sensi ve Danger 4 0.41 0.72 0.18 Standard 3-Way Mixes “Specialty Mix”
These both add 2,4-DP, a sister compound of 2,4-D which has no effect on weed control.
Doubles the rate of dicamba for vs. standard 3 – way mix, but no MCPP. * Ester High Rate lbs of ae per acre
Signal Word Pts./Acre gal/acre 2,4-D 2,4-DP MCPP Dicamba
Super Trimec* Warning 3.0 0.4 0.7* 0.4* 0.0 0.2
Getting rid of the MCPP and using an ester formulation lowers the signal word because esters don’t cause irreversible eye damage
Triamine Danger 4.0 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.0 2,4-D (or 2,4-DP) + MCPP + Dicamba MCPA + MCPP + Dicamba
Amine formulations
Good Control: Common Dandelion, False Dandelion, Plantain, Mousear Chickweed
Fair Control: Black Medic & Clover
Poor Control: Oxalis, English Daisy, Yarrow, Veronica
Common Dandelion
Good Control with standard 3-Way mixes Common Dandelion
Generally easy to control – Rarely requires repeat applications – Fall applications are highly effective
• Products: – Mixtures, 2,4-D, (Drive is weak)
False Dandelion
Good Control with standard 3-Way mixes False Dandelion
Surprisingly hard to control – Fall applications are more effective – Repeat treatments necessary – Spring treated weeds tend to recover
• Products: – Mixtures with 2,4-D, 2,4-D + Drive.
Broadleaf Plantain
Good Control with standard 3-Way mixes Broadleaf Plantain
Generally easy to control – May require repeat applications – Fall applications are highly effective
• Products: – Mixtures, 2,4-D, Drive
Mousear Chickweed
Good Control with standard 3-Way mixes Mousear Chickweed
• Fairly easy to control – May need repeat applications – Timing is flexible
• Products: – Most mixtures, MCPP, Dicamba Spotted Spurge Summer annual: Germinates @ 50 ° F Grows thru summer and seeds Dies from frost in fall
Good Control with standard 3-Way mixes Spotted Spurge
• Post emergence: – All mixtures – Early in season is best – May require repeat applications What about?
• Clovers • English Daisy • Veronica • Oxalis (Woodsorrel) • Common Yarrow • And others…… Strategies for improving mixture performance
1. Change components 2. Add components 3. Change formulations Modified 3-way Mixtures
Escalade 2 Super Trimec
2,4-D* 2,4-D** Fluroxypyr** Dichlorprop** Dicamba Dicamba
Chaser Ultra 2 Cool Power
MCPA** MCPA** * Amines Fluroxypyr** Triclopyr** ** Esters Dichlorprop* Dicamba Add/Change Components
Speedzone Powerzone
2,4-D** MCPA** MCPP*** MCPP*** Dicamba*** Dicamba*** * Amine Carfentrazone Carfentrazone ** Ester *** Acid Q 4 Plus Surge 2,4-D* 2,4-D* Quinclorac MCPP* Dicamba* Dicamba* Sulfentrazone Sulfentrazone New Components
Carfentrazone & Sulfentrazone:
Family: aryl triazolinone
Impact: Faster weed response in cool weather Increased spectrum of weed control
Pyraflufen is also in this class White Clover
Fair Control – repeat applications needed Clovers
Easy to injure, hard to kill – Fall applications are more effective – Repeat treatments necessary – Spring treated weeds tend to recover
• Products: – Mixtures with Drive, Triclopyr, Clopyralid, or Fluroxypyr
English Daisy
Poor Control English Daisy
Hard to kill – Fall applications are more effective – Repeat treatments improve kill – Spring treatments tend to recover
• Products: – Mixtures with Drive, and SpeedZone + Drive + Dicamba, Penoxulam.
OSU 2004 English Daisy Control Trial* Rate Control Treatments pts/acre Apps. 10 wks.
Speedzone 5 2 100
+ Drive 1 lb/acre + Dicamba 0.7 Drive 75 DF + MSO 1 lb/acre 2 99.9 Mec amine D 4 2 99.3 Surge 4 1 85 Speedzone 4 1 78.5 Untreated 0 0 0 *Trial conducted by Brian McDonald Untreated Drive
Speedzone Mecamine D
4 weeks after trt. Speedzone + Drive + Dicamba: 4 wks New Herbicides Fluroxypyr
• Alone: No longer available. • Mixtures: Escalade 2 Chaser 2 ultra
OSU 2005 Broadleaf Weed Control Trial*
Single spray weed control at 4 weeks after treatment
False Com W Heal- Treatment D. D. Clover all
Spotlight 67.3 77.8 100 56.4 2,4-D amine. 92 96.3 12.9 13.2 Spotlight + 2,4-D am. 98.1 96.8 81.1 84 Spotlight + Triplet 99.8 99.1 89.2 88.7 Escalade Low Odor 95.7 96.3 33.3 46.2 Untreated 0 0 0 0
*Conducted by Brian McDonald OSU 2005 Broadleaf Weed Control Trial*
Single spray weed control at 12 weeks after treatment
False Com W Heal- Treatment D. D. Clover all
Spotlight 94 65.2 100 75.7 2,4-D amine 94.8 94.4 94.1 31.6 Spotlight + 2,4-D am. 98.6 97.9 100 96 Spotlight + Triplet 99.8 96.3 100 100 Escalade Low Odor 99.6 92.3 100 99.8 Untreated 0 0 0 0
*Conducted by Brian McDonald New Herbicides Fluroxypyr
• Alone: No longer available. • Mixtures: Escalade 2 Chaser 2 ultra
Veronica filiformis OSU 2006 Veronica filiformis trial*
9 weeks after treatment % Treatment pts/acre Apps Control
Spotlight + 2,4-D 2 + 1 2 99.4
Spotlight 2.5 2 98.9
Drive 75 DF + MSO 1 lb/acre 2 98.8
Spotlight + 2,4-D 1 + 2 2 97.9
Escalade 2 3 2 94.9
Confront 2 2 56.7
Untreated na 0 32.4
* Conducted by Brian McDonald Wood Sorrel
Poor Control with 3-Way Mix – need Triclopyr Woodsorrel, Oxalis corniculata Common yarrow
Poor Control with 3-Way Mix – need Triclopyr Black Medic, Medicago Lupulina Black Medic
Not difficult to kill - Treat in spring - Treat before or at early flower • Products: – Mixtures with Triclopyr, Drive Clopyralid, or Fluroxypyr.
Lawn violets, Viola sp. Lawn Violets
• Generally difficult to control – Requires repeat applications – Fall applications are more effective
• Products: – Mixtures with Triclopyr are most effective Ground Ivy, Glechoma hederacea Ground Ivy
• Timing: – Fall ( Oct 1- Nov 1) • Chemicals: – Strong Triclopyr, 2,4-D, Fluroxypyr, Mixtures – Weak Dicamba, Clopyralid, Quinclorac Quiz
Chemicals that do a good job controlling:
Clover and Black medic Answer
Clover & Black Medic Control
Carfentrazone, Drive, fluroxypyr, and clopyralid Quiz
Chemicals that do a good job controlling:
Veronica Answer
Veronica Control
Drive, Fluroxypyr Quiz
Chemicals that do a good job controlling:
English Daisy Answer:
English Daisy
Drive, Q4 Plus, Speedzone + Drive + Dicamba, Penoxulam.
(Control may be variable based on biotype.) Quiz
A chemical that does a good job controlling:
Oxalis,Yarrow, Lawn violets, & Ground Ivy Answer:
Oxalis,Yarrow, Lawn violets, & Ground Ivy
Triclopyr 2,4-D (or 2,4-DP) + MCPP + Dicamba MCPA + MCPP + Dicamba
Amine formulations
Good Control: Common Dandelion, False Dandelion, Plantain, Mousear Chickweed
Fair Control: Black Medic & Clover,
Poor Control: Oxalis, English Daisy, Yarrow, Veronica
Overview
1. Making sense of all the Choices a. Review the “standard” 3 – way mixes b. Look at “new kids” on the block c. Review “alternative” herbicide mixes
2. Review the common weeds and match the herbicides to the weeds.
3. Maximizing weed kill – other factors.
4. Go through a few scenarios. General control guidelines
1. Treat healthy weeds 2. Increase turf vigor 3. Do irrigate before treating 4. Don’t irrigate after 5. Don’t mow before 6. Repeat treatments 2-4 weeks typical
General control guidelines
7. Seasonal timing Fall is best Spring is okay Summer is worst
8. Rates Follow label instructions
General control guidelines
9. Avoid injury to sensitive grasses Use lower rates Use safer products
Sensitive grasses: Bentgrass Poa trivialis Young fine fescue
General control guidelines
10. Amine vs. Ester?
Amines are better in warmer weather.
Esters are better in cooler weather.
Esters are “safer” to humans.
Amines vs. Esters – Signal Word
Horsepower Cool Power “Danger” Signal word “Caution” Signal Word
• Dimethyl Salt of MCPA • Iso-octyl Ester of MCPA
• Trimethyl Salt of • Butoxy Ester of Triclopyr Triclopyr
• Dicamba • Dicamba Causes irreversible eye Causes moderate eye damage! irritation. Scenario #1 – Unirrigated site loaded with False Dandelion Scenario #1 - Steps
1. Irrigate 2. Fertilize 3. Get grass and weeds healthy and growing 4. Make 2 applications of “Standard” 3-Way mix in Late Summer/Early Fall. 5. If you have resistant weeds, use a product with Drive (e.g. Q4 Plus) Scenario #2 – Neglected lawn that is irrigated. Weeds: clover, common dandelion, plantain.
Low N fertility favors clover Scenario #2 - Steps
1. Irrigate, if needed, and fertilize. 2. Get grass and weeds healthy and growing. 3. Make 2 applications of SpeedZone, Q4 Plus, or Escalade 2. (i.e. you need to add Carfentrazone, Quinclorac, Triclopyr, or Fluroxypyr to get good clover control) 4. Apply in cool weather if you use esters. Scenario #3 – Wet site with English Daisy Scenario #3 - Steps
1. Wait until fall. 2. Fertilize, if necessary. 3. Make two applications in fall of: – Drive + MSO (or add drive to 3 – way) – Q4 Plus – If problems, try Sapphire (Penoxulam) – Last resort – SpeedZone (5 pts/A) + Banvel (0.66 pts/A+ Drive 75 DF(1 lb/A)
Note: SpeedZone only has 0.03 oz ai/1,000 sq. ft. of dicamba and the Banvel adds 0.12 oz ai/1,000. Sum Up
1. I.D. your weeds and grasses 2. Pick your herbicide and read the label. i. Amine vs. Ester? ii. Will chemicals kill weeds? iii. Are your grasses sensitive to this herbicide? 3. Get grass and weeds growing, if necessary 4. Make 2 applications at the correct time of year (e.g. watch for leaf out with esters).