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Triclopyr Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment Corrected Final Report

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Triclopyr Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment Corrected Final Report SERA TR-052-25-03c Triclopyr Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment Corrected Final Report Submitted to: Paul Mistretta, COR USDA/Forest Service, Southern Region 1720 Peachtree RD, NW Atlanta, Georgia 30309 USDA Forest Service Contract: AG-3187-C-06-0010 USDA Forest Order Number: AG-43ZP-D-09-0034 SERA Internal Task No. 52-25 Submitted by: Patrick R. Durkin Syracuse Environmental Research Associates, Inc. 8125 Solomon Seal Manlius, New York 13104 Fax: (315) 637-0445 E-Mail: [email protected] Home Page: www.sera-inc.com May 24, 2011 October 20, 2011 (Minor Correction) July 9, 2016 (Corrections) Error Notes October 20, 2011 In the original release of the final report (SERA TR-052-25-03a dated May 24, 2011), Tables 2 and 22 incorrectly listed the water solubility of TCP as 100 mg/L. As indicated in Table 1, the correct value, from Knuteson (1999), is 49,000 mg/L. This error was noted by Dr. K. King (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). The error has been corrected. While the Gleams-Driver runs were made using the 100 mg/L water solubility, re-runs using the water solubility of 49,000 mg/L yielded results that are indistinguishable from the original runs. Thus, the appendices have not been change. Water solubility is not a sensitive parameter in GLEAMS unless the soil water is saturated. This did not occur in the Gleams-Driver modeling. July 9, 2016 During an audit of WorksheetMaker (Version 6.00.15), it was noted that the chronic toxicity values of TCP to aquatic invertebrates had been entered incorrectly into the WorksheetMaker database and the aquatic toxicity values of TCP for algae had been omitted. The workbooks (i.e., Attachments 5, 6, and 7) have been corrected. The toxicity values had been correctly designated in the risk assessment. In addition, the original discussion of concentrations of TCP in water following aquatic applications (both submergent and emergent) was unclear in the original risk assessment and the attachments submitted with the original risk assessment were not fully developed. This has been corrected in the current document. Each of the sections relating to exposure assessments for aquatic applications (i.e., Section 3.2.3.4.6.2.1 for submergent vegetation and Section 3.2.3.4.6.2.2 for emergent vegetation) has been divided into subsections covering triclopyr and TCP. The subsections on triclopyr are identical to the sections in the original risk assessment. The subsection of TCP discusses the methods used to estimate concentrations of TCP in water. These methods have been implemented in new versions of Attachment 6 (emergent vegetation) and Attachment 7 (submergent application) which are provided with this revised risk assessment. ii Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ x LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................................... xii LIST OF ATTACHMENTS ......................................................................................................... xii ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS .............................................................. xiii COMMON UNIT CONVERSIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................. xvi CONVERSION OF SCIENTIFIC NOTATION ........................................................................ xvii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... xviii 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Chemical Specific Information ............................................................................................ 1 1.2. General Information ............................................................................................................. 2 2. Program Description ................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 4 2.2. Chemical Description and Commercial Formulations ......................................................... 4 2.3. Application Methods ............................................................................................................ 8 2.3.1. Terrestrial Applications ................................................................................................ 8 2.3.1.1. Terrestrial Broadcast Applications ........................................................................ 8 2.3.1.2. Non-Broadcast Applications .................................................................................. 8 2.3.2. Aquatic Applications .................................................................................................... 9 2.4. Mixing and Application Rates ........................................................................................... 10 2.4.1. Terrestrial Applications .............................................................................................. 10 2.4.2. Aquatic Applications .................................................................................................. 11 2.5. Use Statistics ...................................................................................................................... 12 3. HUMAN HEALTH .................................................................................................................. 14 3.1. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ........................................................................................ 14 3.1.1. Overview ..................................................................................................................... 14 3.1.2. Mechanism of Action .................................................................................................. 14 3.1.3. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism ............................................................................. 15 3.1.3.1. General Considerations ........................................................................................ 15 3.1.3.2. Dermal Absorption............................................................................................... 16 3.1.3.2.1. First-Order Dermal Absorption..................................................................... 16 3.1.3.2.1.1. Triclopyr BEE ........................................................................................ 16 iii 3.1.3.2.1.2. Triclopyr TEA and Acid ........................................................................ 18 3.1.3.2.2. Zero-Order Dermal Absorption .................................................................... 18 3.1.3.3. Excretion .............................................................................................................. 19 3.1.4. Acute Oral Toxicity .................................................................................................... 20 3.1.5. Subchronic or Chronic Systemic Toxic Effects .......................................................... 21 3.1.6. Effects on Nervous System ......................................................................................... 22 3.1.7. Effects on Immune System ......................................................................................... 23 3.1.8. Effects on Endocrine System ...................................................................................... 24 3.1.9. Reproductive and Developmental Effects .................................................................. 25 3.1.9.1. Developmental Studies ........................................................................................ 25 3.1.9.2. Reproduction Studies ........................................................................................... 26 3.1.10. Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity ............................................................................ 27 3.1.11. Irritation and Sensitization (Effects on the Skin and Eyes) ...................................... 28 3.1.12. Systemic Toxic Effects from Dermal Exposure ....................................................... 29 3.1.13. Inhalation Exposure .................................................................................................. 30 3.1.14. Adjuvants and Other Ingredients .............................................................................. 30 3.1.15. Impurities and Metabolites ....................................................................................... 33 3.1.16. Toxicological Interactions ........................................................................................ 34 3.2. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................... 35 3.2.1. Overview ..................................................................................................................... 35 3.2.2. Workers ....................................................................................................................... 36 3.2.2.1. General Exposures ............................................................................................... 36 3.2.2.1.1. Terrestrial Applications ...............................................................................
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