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LABOUR and TECHNOLOGY in the CAR INDUSTRY. Ford Strategies in Britain and Brazil
LABOUR AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE CAR INDUSTRY. Ford strategies in Britain and Brazil Elizabeth Bortolaia Silva Thesis submitted for the Degree of PhD, Imperial College of Science and Technology University of London May 1988 LABOUR AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE CAR INDUSTRY Ford strategies in Britain and Brazil ABSTRACT This thesis looks at aspects of recent changes in international competition in the car industry. It examines the implications of the changes for the relationship between technology and work and it considers how strategies of multinational corporations interact with different national contexts. It is based on a case-study of the Ford Motor Company in its two largest factories in Britain and Brazil, Dagenham and São Bernardo. Chapter 1 describes existing theoretical approaches to comparative studies of technology and work, criticizes technological and cultural determinist approaches and argues for a method that draws on a 'historical regulation' approach. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 describe the long-term background and recent shifts in the pattern of international competition in the motor industry. In particular they look at important shifts in the late 1970s and 1980s and at Ford's changes in management structure and product strategy designed to meet these challenges. Chapter 5 considers recent debates on international productivity comparisons and presents a fieldwork-based comparison of the production process at Dagenham and São Bernardo. The description shows the importance of issues other than technology in determining the flexibility and quality of production. In different national contexts, 2 different mixes of technology and labour can produce comparable results. Chapters 6, 7 and 8 look at the national and local contexts of industrial relations in the two countries to throw light on the different patterns of change observed in the factories. -
Processing End-Of-Life Vehicles: a Guide for Environmental Protection, Safety and Profit in the United States-Mexico Border Area
Processing End-of-Life Vehicles: A Guide for Environmental Protection, Safety and Profit in the United States-Mexico Border Area JULY 2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery EPA530-R-15-007 epa.gov/border2020 Contents Introduction ................................................................1 Purpose of This Guide .......................................................1 Overview of an End-of-Life Vehicle ...........................................2 Scrap Vehicle and Metal Recovery Operations ................................2 1. Accepting and Storing Discarded Vehicles .............................2 2. Removing Hazardous Materials ........................................3 3. Dismantling Vehicles for Usable or Recyclable Parts ....................4 4. Storing Vehicle Hulks ..................................................4 5. Storing Hazardous Fluids and Materials ................................5 6. Crushing Vehicle Hulks ................................................5 Responsible Disposal ........................................................6 Cost Recovery ..............................................................6 Health, Safety and Security. .7 Worker and Public Safety ................................................7 Environmental Health and Safety ........................................7 Site Security ............................................................8 Industry Standards and Additional Guidance .................................8 For More Information .......................................................8 -
Birth of the XR
The birth of a new car Merkur Club of America In September 1982, Ford unveiled the Ford Sierra at the Frankfurt Motor show. The Sierra was the long awaited replacement for the highly successful Cortina, which had been in production for over 20 years. Over 4.2 million Cortinas were built during its 20 year life span and it was the Mk 3 Cortina, which was launched in 1970, that was the first Euro Ford to use the 4cylinder Pinto engine. Work on a replacement for the Cortina started in the late 1970s under the code name Project Toni. The car was designed to be a midsize, versatile model to fill the slot between the Escort and the Granada. The energy crisis of 197879 influenced greatly the design of the car and extreme care was taken with breaking the sharp lines of the Cortina and in the aerodynamics. The resulting bodyform resulted in a Cd of .34 verses .45 for its predecessor, the Cortina. In fact the Sierra diverged from the successful Cortina in a number of ways the hatchback, the Independent Rear Suspension, MacPherson struts; all these were a breakaway from tradition. The Sierra was to be a 1980s car whereas the Cortina was a 1960s car. This was a great risk for Ford and public opinion was widely varied. " odds are that any two people picked randomly off the street would disagree about the styling" Car & Driver In 1981, a full year before the Sierra was unveiled and while the Cortina was still in production, Ford exhibited to the automotive press their Probe III concept vehicle. -
Vehicle Make, Vehicle Model
V8, V9 VEHICLE MAKE, VEHICLE MODEL Format: VEHICLE MAKE – 2 numeric VEHICLE MODEL – 3 numeric Element Values: MAKE: Blanks 01-03, 06-10, 12-14, 18-25, 29-65, 69-77, 80-89, 90-94, 98-99 MODEL: Blanks 001-999 Remarks: SEE REMARKS UNDER VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER – V12 2009 181 ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF MAKES FARS MAKE MAKE/ NCIC FARS MAKE MAKE/ NCIC MAKE MODEL CODE* MAKE MODEL CODE* CODE TABLE CODE TABLE PAGE # PAGE # 54 Acura 187 (ACUR) 71 Ducati 253 (DUCA) 31 Alfa Romeo 187 (ALFA) 10 Eagle 205 (EGIL) 03 AM General 188 (AMGN) 91 Eagle Coach 267 01 American Motors 189 (AMER) 29-398 Excaliber 250 (EXCL) 69-031 Aston Martin 250 (ASTO) 69-035 Ferrari 251 (FERR) 32 Audi 190 (AUDI) 36 Fiat 205 (FIAT) 33 Austin/Austin 191 (AUST) 12 Ford 206 (FORD) Healey 82 Freightliner 259 (FRHT) 29-001 Avanti 250 (AVTI) 83 FWD 260 (FWD) 98-802 Auto-Union-DKW 269 (AUTU) 69-398 Gazelle 252 (GZL) 69-042 Bentley 251 (BENT) 92 Gillig 268 69-052 Bertone 251 (BERO) 23 GMC 210 (GMC) 90 Bluebird 267 (BLUI) 25 Grumman 212 (GRUM) 34 BMW 191 (BMW) 72 Harley- 253 (HD) 69-032 Bricklin 250 (BRIC) Davidson 80 Brockway 257 (BROC) 69-036 Hillman 251 (HILL) 70 BSA 253 (BSA) 98-806 Hino 270 (HINO) 18 Buick 193 (BUIC) 37 Honda 213 (HOND) 19 Cadillac 194 (CADI) 29-398 Hudson 250 (HUDS) 98-903 Carpenter 270 55 Hyundai 215 (HYUN) 29-002 Checker 250 (CHEC) 08 Imperial 216 (CHRY) 20 Chevrolet 195 (CHEV) 58 Infiniti 216 (INFI) 06 Chrysler 199 (CHRY) 84 International 261 (INTL) 69-033 Citroen 250 (CITR) Harvester 98-904 Collins Bus 270 38 Isuzu 217 (ISU ) 64 Daewoo 201 (DAEW) 88 Iveco/Magirus -
2021-Carlisle-Ford-Nationals
OFFICIAL EVENT GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 WELCOME 7 FORD MOTOR COMPANY 9 SPECIAL GUESTS 2021-22 EVENT SCHEDULE 10 EVENT HIGHLIGHTS AUTO MANIA JAN. 15-17, 2021 ALLENTOWN PA FAIRGROUNDS NPD SHOWFIELD JAN. 14-16, 2022 13 HIGHLIGHTS WINTER CARLISLE NEW EVENT! AUTO EXPO FEATURED VEHICLE CARLISLE EXPO CENTER JAN. 28-29, 2022 17 DISPLAY: BUILDING Y WINTER AUTOFEST CANCELLED FOR 2021 FEATURED VEHICLE LAKELAND 18 DISPLAY: STROPPE SUN ’n FUN, LAKELAND, FL FEB. 25-27, 2022 REUNION LAKELAND WINTER FEB. 19-20, 2021 FEATURED VEHICLE COLLECTOR CAR AUCTION FEB. 25-26, 2022 20 DISPLAY: BUILDING T SUN ’n FUN, LAKELAND, FL SPRING CARLISLE APRIL 21-25, 2021* 25 OFFICIAL CARLISLE CLUBS PRESENTED BY EBAY MOTORS CARLISLE PA FAIRGROUNDS APRIL 20-24, 2022 EVENT SCHEDULE SPRING CARLISLE APRIL 22-23, 2021 26 COLLECTOR CAR AUCTION CARLISLE EXPO CENTER APRIL 21-22, 2022 28 EVENT MAP IMPORT & PERFORMANCE NATS. MAY 14-15, 2021 CARLISLE PA FAIRGROUNDS MAY 13-14, 2022 30 VENDORS: BY SPECIALTY FORD NATIONALS JUNE 4-6, 2021* PRESENTED BY MEGUIAR’S 34 VENDORS: A-Z CARLISLE PA FAIRGROUNDS JUNE 3-5, 2022 GM NATIONALS JUNE 25-26, 2021 40 ABOUT OUR PARTNERS CARLISLE PA FAIRGROUNDS JUNE 24-25, 2022 JULY 9-11, 2021* 46 CONCESSIONS CHRYSLER NATIONALS CARLISLE PA FAIRGROUNDS JULY 15-17, 2022 49 CARLISLE EVENTS APP TRUCK NATIONALS AUG. 6-8, 2021* PRESENTED BY A&A AUTO STORES CARLISLE PA FAIRGROUNDS AUG. 5-7, 2022 51 HELPFUL INFORMATION & POLICIES CORVETTES AT CARLISLE AUG. 26-28, 2021 PRESENTED BY TOP FLIGHT AUTOMOTIVE 53 AD INDEX CARLISLE PA FAIRGROUNDS AUG. -
"The Merkur Xr4ti, Lincolnmercurys Antidote for the BMW Syndrome" Motor Trend 1984
Merkur Club of America From the Sierra projects inception, there were plans to introduce a variant to North America. This was nothing new to Ford, which had successfully imported tens of thousands of Capris and Fiestas to the North American market. Ford invested $50M in Federalizing the Sierra to meet the safety and emissions requirements of the North American marketplace. This necessitated a very different car to its European cousins and over 500 new unique parts were made. As a result of these differences, it was decided to entrust the manufacture of the car to the Karmann coachworks in Osnabruck, Germany. Karmann was supplied with the bodywork from Fords Genk plant and completed the entire car in Germany for shipment out of Rotterdam into the North American ports of Houston, Baltimore, Portland and Los Angeles. "The Merkur XR4Ti, LincolnMercurys antidote for the BMW syndrome" Motor Trend 1984 The structural and mechanical changes added nearly 300Lbs to the Euro XR4i, and this, coupled with the need to meet Federal emissions regulations, necessitated a different engine. Ford chose the 2.3L Lima engine, which has its roots back in the early 1970s when it was known as the Pinto engine. This powerplant was turbocharged with a Garrett turbo producing 14Lbs of boost, and was already established in North America as the engine which powered the SVO Mustangs and Thunderbird TC. The engine produced 175bhp compared to the 150bhp of the Cologne V6, and was produced at Fords engine plant in Taubate, Brazil. The new car was given the name the XR4Ti, the T designating Turbo. -
Presented by Tire Rack 2019 Solo Rules 2019 SOLO RULES
On orders over $50 FAST FREE SHIPPING tirerack.com/freeshipping 200 TREADWEAR STREET AND ST-CLASS TIRES Tire Rack Presented by 2019 Solo Rules 2019 SOLO RULES g-Force Rival S Potenza RE-71R Direzza ZIII Azenis RT615K+ PRESENTED BY: g-Force Rival S 1.5 3-rib/4-rib Ventus R-S4 Ecsta V720 N FERA SUR4G Proxes R1R ADVAN Neova AD08R Visit www.tirerack.com throughout the year for the latest tire selection! R-COMPOUND TIRES BFGoodrich g-Force R1 / R1 S Hankook Ventus Z214 C51 Medium Hankook Ventus Z214 C71 So Hoosier A7 / R7 Hoosier D.O.T. Radial Wet H2O Toyo Proxes RR Competition Tire Prep Services Include Tire Shaving & Heat Cycling www.SCCA.com ©2018 Tire Rack 888-380-8473 On orders over $50 FAST FREE SHIPPING tirerack.com/freeshipping 200 TREADWEAR STREET AND ST-CLASS TIRES Tire Rack Presented by 2019 Solo Rules 2019 SOLO RULES g-Force Rival S Potenza RE-71R Direzza ZIII Azenis RT615K+ PRESENTED BY: g-Force Rival S 1.5 3-rib/4-rib Ventus R-S4 Ecsta V720 N FERA SUR4G Proxes R1R ADVAN Neova AD08R Visit www.tirerack.com throughout the year for the latest tire selection! R-COMPOUND TIRES BFGoodrich g-Force R1 / R1 S Hankook Ventus Z214 C51 Medium Hankook Ventus Z214 C71 So Hoosier A7 / R7 Hoosier D.O.T. Radial Wet H2O Toyo Proxes RR Competition Tire Prep Services Include Tire Shaving & Heat Cycling www.SCCA.com ©2018 Tire Rack 888-380-8473 SCCA® National Solo® Rules 2019 EDITION Sports Car Club of America® Solo® Department 6620 SE Dwight St. -
Editorial Pgs May
you’ve got to wonder what this char- acter could do if they let him play with eight whole cylinders. As driver, Byrnes also earned a lifetime membership in the 200MPH yy Club, but he is equally quick to note that none of his elation would have come to pass had it not been for his many sponsors, crew, family, friends and well wishers who provided the yy requisite financial, emotional and physical assistance. Let’s go back to 1997 where Byrnes reactivated his retired ‘87 speeder when Garrett Turbochargers yy Fuel For Thought said it would support him with the latest technology available. Steadfast with “Landspeed Louise” Ann Noeth that any racing would have to be done without going into debt (read: family first) he parked the car when yy rain dashed all hope for the ’97 season needed a dyno for developing the The Anatomy of a Land until Chicago Rawhide, Fel-Pro and BF basic calibration and called Paul’s Goodrich jumped on the sponsor wag- High Performance in Jackson Michi- on joining Watson Engineering, gan,” explained Byrnes. Good Speed Record Reider Racing/Precision Gear, Center- thinking, because the fuel delivery force, Autolite, and Bosch in the choked when the rear wheels spun The thing about land spring of ‘98. past 400HP. Moreover, this Byrnes fel- speed racing is that there is Because Byrnes’ day job was at low must be a real charmer because plenty of room for dreams Ford, his name and abilities were Paul and his wife Rhonda signed on as to come true. -
VTR-249 Standard Abbreviations for Vehicle Makes and Body Styles
Standard Abbreviations for Vehicle Makes and Body Styles Automobiles, Buses, and Light Trucks ACURA................................ACUR FERRARI............................ FERR MINI.....................................MNNI ALFA ROMEO.....................ALFA FIAT.................................... FIAT MITSUBISHI........................MITS ALL STATE.........................ALLS FISKER...............................FSKR MONARCH..........................MONA AMBASSADOR...................AMER FORD..................................FORD MORGAN............................MORG AMERICAN.........................AMER FORMERLY YUGO.............ZCZY MORRIS..............................MORR ASSEMBLED......................ASVE FRAZIER.............................FRAZ NASH..................................NASH ASTON-MARTIN.................ASTO GEO....................................GEO NISSAN...............................NISS AUBURN.............................AUBU GMC....................................GMC OLDSMOBILE.....................OLDS AUDI....................................AUDI HILLMAN.............................HILL OPEL...................................OPEL AUSTIN...............................AUST HOMEMADE.......................HMDE PACKARD...........................PACK AUSTIN-HEALY..................AUHE HONDA...............................HOND PEUGEOT...........................PEUG AUTOCAR...........................AUTO HUDSON.............................HUDS PIERCE ARROW................PRCA AVANTI...............................AVTI -
A FAMILY TREE of AUTOMOTIVE MAKERS Brands Retired Brands Rev D) Eral Mo Gen Tors 5.59 B $14 Illion Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V
United France Germany Italy Japan China Other The Corporations That Create Most Cars States t Com ren pan Pa enue (US y 15 A FAMILY TREE OF AUTOMOTIVE MAKERS Brands Retired Brands Rev D) eral Mo Gen tors 5.59 B $14 illion Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. $110.9 Billion GMC Buick Daewoo iat S.p.A Tesla F . , I hrysle .76 Bil n C r Saab 11 lio c Fiat $ n Automobiles Baojun Alfa Romeo Chevrolet Wuling Tesla S.p.A. Jeep Fiat S.p.A. Dodge Automobiles S.p.A. Hummer Tofas Ram Abarth & (Joint Venture) Fargo Jiefang Oldsmobile C. S.p.A. Fiat Plymouth Cadillac Ferrari S.p.A. Professional (90% Stake) DeSoto Saturn Fiat Chrysler Maserati Oakland Automóveis S.p.A. Maxwell SRT Lancia S.A., Holden Automobiles American Pontiac Innocenti S.p.A. Motors Eagle Corporation Motor Co Polski Fiat McLaughlin rd mp Fiat/FSO Valiant Opel Fo 6.78 Bi a Argentina $15 llion ny Autobianchi Fiat Imperial Graham Automobili Brothers Ford AutoAlliance Srbija Thailand Lincoln tor C Mo om .4 p a 139 Bil a Ford d $ lio n Mercury n n Lio Ho o y Changan H L Troller Ford t Honda d . imler A Motoren Ford Edsel Da G he W sc .9 B e Ford Otosan 88.4 Billi ri 112 illio r Acura $1 on e $ n k Sollers y e Jiangling a A B Motors BMW M G Mercedes-AMG Aston Merkur a Motor Martin BMW BMW i yot Cor Mercedes-Benz o 60.8 B p (8% Stake) T $2 illion . -
Bosch Workshop Oil Filters
Bosch Workshop Oil Filters Bosch Workshop Oil Filters Bosch offers installers a line of Workshop spin- 1 on and cartridge oil filters designed specifically 5 for the traditional market. Workshop Oil Filters have OE fit to assure quality performance for the installer, and to better serve customer needs. 4 3 Bosch Workshop Oil Filters provide coverage for a majority of Domestic, Asian, and European vehicles with approximately 100 SKUs, making 2 Bosch the single supplier you and your customer can trust. With an efficiency of 97.5%* and the ability to hold 13 grams* of contaminants, Bosch Workshop Oil Filters provide strong engine Features protection and performance. 1 Long lasting synthetic rubber gasket seal Competitively priced, Bosch Workshop Oil Filters 2 Synthetic rubber anti-drainback valve to avoid dry starts protect engines by keeping harmful particles and dirt out. They also prevent premature 3 Pressure relief valve prevents oil restrictions and provides proper oil flow wear and engine failure while maintaining 4 Spiral-wound metal center tube high performance, prolonging the life of your customer’s engine, and avoiding costly returns. 5 High efficiency and high capacitycellulose media Features Benefits 97.5% efficiency* Screens up to 97.5% of harmful contaminants such as dirt and oil from getting into the engine, leading to stronger engine performance. Holds up to 13 grams of dirt* Capable of holding up to 13 grams of dirt and contaminants, keeping the engine protected. High vehicle coverage Coverage for Domestic, European and Asian vehicles in operation throughout North America, making this filter line compatible with most vehicles on the road today. -
Four-Cylinder Engine Section
FOUR-CYLINDER ENGINE SECTION 1.6L OHV “KENT” ENGINE Open-wheel racing enthusiasts associate this overhead valve design with the long-lived international Formula Ford series, the starting point for many professional drivers. Most of the combustion chamber is in a dished piston, where the mating cylinder head face is nearly flat. Production for European models (Cortina, Capri and Fiesta) is now phased out. Ford Racing sold numerous production-type parts for Formula Ford competition. 1.6L/1.8L/1.9L/2.0L SOHC “CVH” OR “SPI” ENGINES The two-valve CVH (Canted Valve Hemispherical) engine was introduced with the 1981 Escort and 1.6L/1.9L CVH 2.3L OHC (Turbo-Intercooled) later used in Focus. The layout is also called “Cam in head,” because it resembles a classic overhead valve geometry. A single overhead camshaft lifts up hydraulic lash adjustors, linking individually mounted rocker arms to valves “canted” at angles relative to the cam axis, as well as front to rear, to match the shallow hemispherical chamber. Manufactured at Dearborn (Mich.) Engine Plant, it was replaced by the Duratec® HE engine family. 1.6L/1.8L/2.0L DOHC MAZDA® ENGINES In the early 1990s, Mazda®-manufactured four-valve engines were shared with Ford applications. The 1.6L was introduced on 1991 2.3L/2.5L HSC 2.0L OHC Australian-made Mercury Capri (including a turbocharged variant), the 1.8L on 1991 Escort GT, and the 2.0L on the 1993 Probe. Ford Racing developed for the SOHC, including a partnership 178 horsepower in North American Fusion and parts were not developed for this iron-block ® architecture, which was replaced by the Zetec® with Esslinger Engineering for an aluminum Escape applications.