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Redalyc.Phytophthora Hydropathica and Phytophthora Drechsleri Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología E-ISSN: 2007-8080 [email protected] Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología, A.C. México Álvarez-Rodríguez, Brando; García-Estrada, Raymundo Saúl; Valdez-Torres, José Benigno; León-Félix, Josefina; Allende-Molar, Raúl; Fernández-Pavía, Sylvia Patricia Phytophthora hydropathica and Phytophthora drechsleri isolated from irrigation channels in the Culiacan Valley Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, vol. 35, núm. 1, enero, 2017, pp. 20-39 Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología, A.C. Texcoco, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=61249777002 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Phytophthora hydropathica and Phytophthora drechsleri isolated from irrigation channels in the Culiacan Valley Phytophthora hydropathica y Phytophthora drechsleri aisladas de canales de irrigación del Valle de Culiacán Brando Álvarez-Rodríguez, Raymundo Saúl García-Estrada, José Benigno Valdez-Torres, Josefina León-Félix, Raúl Allende-Molar*. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo. CIAD AC. Área de Horticultura. Km 5.5 Carretera Culiacán-Eldorado, Campo El Diez. Culiacán, Sinaloa, México. CP 80110 Teléfono 6677605536; Sylvia Patricia Fernández-Pavía. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales. Km. 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Tarímbaro, Michoacán. CP 58880. Teléfono (443) 2958323. (brando. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]). *Autor para correspondencia: [email protected]. Recibido: 13 de junio 2016. Aceptado: 27 de septiembre 2016. Álvarez-Rodríguez B, García-Estrada RS, Valdez- Abstract. Up to date, there are no reports of Torres JB, León-Félix J, Allende-Molar R. Fernán- the presence of Phytophthora species in surface dez-Pavia SP. 2017. Phytophthora hydropathica water bodies in Mexico, which represents a risk and Phytophthora drechsleri isolated from irriga- for the local agriculture. During January 2015, tion channels in the Culiacan Valley. Revista Mexi- 25 irrigation channels from Culiacan Valley were cana de Fitopatología 35: 20-39. sampled for the isolation of Phytophthora spp. DOI: 10.18781/R.MEX.FIT.1606-1 Isolates were obtained with rhododendron leaves Primera publicación DOI: 22 de Octubre, 2016. and pear fruits baits. Twenty-nine isolates of First DOI publication: October 22, 2016. Phytophthora were obtained and identified, by morphological characteristics together with rDNA sequences of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and Resumen. En México, no existen reportes de la elongation factor 1-α (TEF-1α). Pathogenicity tests presencia de especies de Phytophthora en aguas su- were performed on tomato and pepper leaves, since perficiales, de ahí la importancia de determinarlas they are important crops in the region and they are ya que representan un riesgo para la agricultura del irrigated with water from the sampled channels. país. En enero de 2015, se muestrearon 25 canales Two Phytophthora species were identified: P. de irrigación en el Valle de Culiacán con el objetivo hydropathica and P. drechsleri. Isolates of P. de identificar las especies de Phytophthora presen- hydropathica caused necrotic lesions on tomato tes. Los aislamientos fueron obtenidos con trampas and pepper leaves while isolates of P. drechsleri que consistieron en hojas de azalea y frutos de pera. caused necrotic lesions only on tomato leaves. Publicación en Línea, Enero 2017 20 Revista Mexicana de FITOPATOLOGÍA Fully Bilingual Mexican Journal of Phytopathology Se obtuvieron 29 aislamientos de Phytophthora, los To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. cuales fueron identificados con base en caracterís- hydropathica in Mexico. ticas morfológicas y en secuencias de ADNr de los espaciadores internos transcritos (ITS) y del factor Key words: irrigation water, oomycetes, bait, de elongación 1-α (TEF-1α). Se realizaron pruebas detection, pathogenicity. de patogenicidad en hojas de tomate y chile, de- bido a que son cultivos importantes en la región y son irrigados con agua de los canales muestrea- Phytophthora species have the potential dos. Se identificaron 2 especies: P. hydropathica y of causing devastating diseases in forest and P. drechsleri. Los aislamientos de P. hydropathica agricultural ecosystems (Erwin and Ribeiro, 1996), ocasionaron lesiones necróticas en hojas de toma- since they are able to infect a wide range of hosts. te y de chile; mientras que los aislamientos de P. Such is the case of P. cinnamomi, which can damage drechsleri solamente causaron lesiones en hojas de approximately 2000 plant species (Hardham, 2005). tomate. De acuerdo con nuestro conocimiento, este Another example is Phytophthora sojae, which es el primer reporte de P. hydropathica en México. affects a wide range of hosts and causes economic losses of up to 2 billion dollars worldwide (Tyler, Palabras clave: agua de riego, oomicetes, cebo, 2007). detección, patogenicidad. The presence of plant pathogenic oomycetes in irrigation water has been widely documented (Hong and Moorman, 2005); specifically, there are Las especies de Phytophthora tienen el poten- around 30 species of the genus Phytophthora,which cial de causar enfermedades devastadoras en eco- have been isolated from surface water bodies such sistemas forestales y agrícolas (Erwin y Ribeiro, as rivers, irrigation channels, recycled waters, 1996), ya que tienen la capacidad de infectar un and reservoirs (Hüberli et al., 2013; Zappia et al., amplio rango de hospedantes, tal es el caso de P. 2014). cinnamomi que es capaz de causar daños en alrede- Phytophthora species require aquatic dor de 2000 especies de plantas (Hardham, 2005). environments in order to develop their asexual Otro ejemplo es Phytophthora sojae, que afecta un life cycle and therefore spread quickly with the rango de hospedantes muy amplio y causa pérdidas formation of sporangia and zoospores; for this económicas de hasta 2 mil millones de dólares a reason, they have been regularly isolated from nivel mundial (Tyler, 2007). irrigation water channels, water reservoirs, and La presencia de oomicetes fitopatógenos en rivers (Sutton et al., 2009; Ghimire et al.,2009; agua de irrigación ha sido ampliamente documen- Hulvey et al., 2010; Bienapfl and Balciet al., 2014). tada (Hong y Moorman, 2005); específicamente, Examples of species reported with this dispersal existen alrededor de 30 especies del género Phyto- mean include P. cactorum, P. parasitica, P. citricola, phthora que han sido aisladas de cuerpos de agua P. gonapodyides, and P. cambivora, isolated from superficial como ríos, canales de irrigación, aguas irrigation waters in the state of Washington (Yamak recicladas y reservorios (Hüberli et al., 2013; Zap- et al., 2002). Recently, one of the species with the pia et al., 2014). greatest incidence in surface waters has been P. Las especies de Phytophthora requieren de am- hydropathica (Brazee et al., 2016; Ghimire et al., bientes acuáticos para desarrollar su ciclo de vida 2011; Hulvey et al., 2010). In most of these cases, Publicación en Línea, Enero 2017 21 Revista Mexicana de FITOPATOLOGÍA Mexican Journal of Phytopathology Fully Bilingual asexual y así dispersarse rápidamente mediante la the presence of Phytophthora species in water has formación de esporangios y zoosporas; por ello han not been related with the existence of symptoms sido aisladas con regularidad de canales de agua or damages in terrestrial plant hosts (Resser et al., de irrigación, reservorios de agua y ríos (Sutton et 2011). In Mexico, the presence of 17 species of al., 2009; Ghimire et al., 2009; Hulvey et al., 2010; Phytophthora have been documented (Fernandez- Bienapfl y Balciet al., 2014). Algunos ejemplos de Pavía et al., 2015), the most studied of which especies reportadas con este medio de disemina- include P. capsici, P. cinnamomi, and P. infestans ción son: P. cactorum, P. parasitica, P. citricola, (Fernandez-Pavía et al., 2013). These species P. gonapodyides y P. cambivora, aisladas de aguas have been identified from isolations obtained from de irrigación en el estado de Washington (Yamak et diseased plants, mainly vegetables. al., 2002). Recientemente una de las especies con Historically, Phytophthora species have been mayor incidencia en aguas superficiales es la espe- identified by their morphological characteristics; cie P. hydropathica (Brazee et al., 2016; Ghimire however, identification is difficult, even for experts, et al., 2011; Hulvey et al., 2010). En la mayoría due to the similarities in characteristics between de estos casos, la presencia de especies de Phyto- some species. Currently, molecular analyses based phthora en agua no se ha relacionado con la exis- on DNA studies have been used to characterize tencia de síntomas o daños en hospedantes vegeta- populations of Phytophthora in agricultural les terrestres (Resser et al., 2011). En México se ha fields and in natural ecosystems (Blair et al., documentado la presencia de 17 especies de Phyto- 2008; Grünwald et al., 2011). The regions of the phthora (Fernandez-Pavía et al., 2015); entre las genome most used for these studies are the internal más estudiadas se encuentran P. capsici, P. cinna- transcribed spacer (ITS) (Blair
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