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Geological Ground Model for Planning and Development of Greater Manchester

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Geological Ground Model for Planning and Development of Greater Manchester Geological ground model for planning and development of Greater Manchester Urban Geoscience Programme Open Report OR/20/033 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY URBAN GEOSCIENCES OPEN REPORT OR/20/033 Geological ground model for planning and development for Greater Manchester Raushan Arnhardt, Helen Burke Contributor/editor S Bricker, V Banks, D Entwisle The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database rights 2019. Ordnance Survey Licence No. 100021290 EUL. Keywords Greater Manchester, geology, planning, engineering geology Front cover Bedrock outcrop at Hardy Wood, Tameside district [392789,393736], BGS © NERC Bibliographical reference ARNHARDT, R, BURKE, H. Geological ground model for planning and development for Greater Manchester. British Geological Survey Internal Report, OR/20/033. 66pp. © UKRI 2019. All rights reserved Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 2020 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of our publications is available from BGS British Geological Survey offices shops at Nottingham, Edinburgh, London and Cardiff (Welsh publications only) see contact details below or shop online at Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham www.geologyshop.com NG12 5GG The London Information Office also maintains a reference Tel 0115 936 3100 collection of BGS publications, including maps, for consultation. BGS Central Enquiries Desk We publish an annual catalogue of our maps and other publications; this catalogue is available online or from any of the BGS shops. Tel 0115 936 3143 email [email protected] The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency service BGS Sales for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the surrounding continental shelf, as well as basic research projects. It also Tel 0115 936 3241 undertakes programmes of technical aid in geology in developing email [email protected] countries. The Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh The British Geological Survey is a component body of UK Research EH14 4AP and Innovation. Tel 0131 667 1000 email [email protected] Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD Tel 020 7589 4090 Tel 020 7942 5344/45 email [email protected] Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT Tel 029 2167 4280 Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB Tel 01491 838800 Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, Department of Enterprise, Trade & Investment, Dundonald House, Upper Newtownards Road, Ballymiscaw, Belfast, BT4 3SB Tel 01232 666595 www.bgs.ac.uk/gsni/ Natural Environment Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1EU Tel 01793 411500 Fax 01793 411501 www.nerc.ac.uk UK Research and Innovation, Polaris House, Swindon SN2 1FL Tel 01793 444000 www.ukri.org Website www.bgs.ac.uk Shop online at www.geologyshop.com Foreword This report describes a geological ground model of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority area that could be used for planning, early stages of development and as part of a desk study to inform ground investigation. Manchester was selected for this study because the city has a long history of industrialisation and is currently being re-developed, including the installation of major infrastructure schemes. Contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................................... i Contents ........................................................................................................................................... i 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5 2 Topography ............................................................................................................................. 7 3 Data and information ............................................................................................................. 8 4 Geological background .......................................................................................................... 8 4.1 Artificial ground ............................................................................................................. 9 4.2 Superficial deposits....................................................................................................... 11 4.3 Superficial deposit thickness ........................................................................................ 16 4.4 Buried valleys ............................................................................................................... 16 4.5 Bedrock geology ........................................................................................................... 17 4.6 Geological structure ...................................................................................................... 24 5 Mineral resources ................................................................................................................. 25 5.1 Coal ............................................................................................................................... 25 5.2 Associated activities to Coal mine: Fireclay ............................................................... 26 5.3 Building stone and crushed rock aggregate .................................................................. 27 5.4 Clay ............................................................................................................................... 29 5.5 Sand and gravel ............................................................................................................ 29 5.6 Peat ............................................................................................................................... 30 5.7 Summary of mineral resources ..................................................................................... 31 6 Engineering parameters ...................................................................................................... 32 6.1 Engineering parameters of soils ................................................................................... 32 6.2 Engineering parameters of rocks .................................................................................. 44 7 Engineering ground conditions ........................................................................................... 46 7.1 Engineering description of soils ................................................................................... 49 7.2 Engineering description of rocks .................................................................................. 50 8 Slope stability ........................................................................................................................ 51 9 Water resources .................................................................................................................... 52 i 9.1 Surface water ................................................................................................................ 52 9.2 Groundwater ................................................................................................................. 52 9.3 Hydrogeological properties of the superficial deposits ................................................ 54 9.4 Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) .......................................................................... 55 9.5 Groundwater flooding................................................................................................... 56 10 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 57 References .................................................................................................................................... 61 FIGURES Figure 1 The Greater Manchester Combined Authority area .......................................................... 5 Figure 2 History of development of Manchester (Greater Manchester Framework 2017, 2019, Bridge et al, 2010) .................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 3 Map of planned infrastructure projects in Greater Manchester (Manchester City Council, 2017) .......................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 4 Next Map shaded relief showing the topography. Greater Manchester Combined Authority area and boroughs outlined in white. NEXTMap Britain elevation data from Intermap Technologies. ............................................................................................................ 8 Figure 5 Distribution of artificial ground in the area of the 1:50 000 scale BGS Geology artificial ground theme. Inset map shows extensive made ground at Trafford Park and worked ground associated with the Manchester Ship Canal and docks at Salford Quays ....... 9 Figure 6 Distribution of artificial ground information gathered for the Manchester 3D geological model, showing more extensive made ground than the geological maps. Contains Ordnance Data © Crown Copyright and database rights [2020]. Ordnance Survey Licence no. 100021290’ ............................................................................................................................. 11 Figure 7 BGS Geology 1:50 000 scale superficial geology map ................................................
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