Volvo Approach to Sustainable Environment & Mobility.
Karthik Sarma
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 1 Heavy Buses account for nearly 1% out of the 14% of transport contribution to global emissions.
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 2 Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 3 Optimal Solution benefitting environment and energy use?
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 4 Hybrid Value Proposition
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 5 Randers Greetings from some Volvo Hybrids -around the world Copenhagen Solothurn Dortmund Trondheim
Göteborg Dordrecht Aarau Stade Oslo London Luxembourg Graz
Bern Mexico City Leeds Strasbourg Luzern Curitiba Alcobendas Tampere
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 6 Volvo 7900 Hybrid - Summary
• In-House Parallel Design - 37% Lower fuel consumption** - 50% less NOx and PM** - Increased passenger capacity - Silent start and -3 dB less noise - 120 kW Electrical machine - Electric AC, Compressor, Steering Servo - Lowest life time cost* - Very High reliability
* Including environmental cost ** compared to conventional diesel vehicle
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 7 Key achievements Volvo Hybrid 7900 B5LH
* Source: CV Magazine, June’12
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 8 Volvo 7900 Hybrid – Key Features Quality & Uptime
Improved fit & finish
Improved quality
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 9 Volvo 7900 Hybrid – Principle Idea Background – Energy distribution
Rolling ret 8%
11% Roll, acc
2% Drag, ret 3% Drag, acc
76% Rolling losses Brake Aerodynamic losses Brake losses reusable
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 10 2011 September Volvo 7900 Hybrid Product Design – Visual look
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 11 2010-03-01 Volvo 7900 Hybrid Principle Design – Power and torque
• Energy-efficient diesel engine combined with electric engine • Can jointly or separately power the vehicle • Diesel and electric operation coordinated optimally for best performance and lowest environmental impact • Electric engine used at start and acceleration up to 15 km/h. = Low noise level at start • Running at idle can be avoided
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 12 Volvo 7900 Hybrid Principle Design – Serial v parallel concept
~95%
~98% ~81% ~43% ~95% ~95% Serial Hybrid - Efficiency at constant speed: 0.43 * 0.95 * 0.95 *0.95*0.98 36%
~81% ~95% ~95%
~43% ~98% Volvo 7900 Parallel Hybrid - Efficiency at constant speed: 0.43 * 0.98 42% 15% lower fuel consumption than serial hybrid Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 13 Volvo’s hybrid technology
– accelerates transition to CO2-free transport • 20-30% lower fuel consumption and emissions
of CO2 • 40-50% lower controlled emissions • Favourable performance in various traffic environments • Revolutionary for operator economy
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 14 Hybrid background – the conventional drivetrain Hybrid Concepts
95 %
El. ATM Diesel Engine Motoring < 40 % Gearbox mach gearbox D
Advantage of conventional: 95 % - High range n - Compact energy storage Power Electronics
Drawback of conventional: + - - Low efficiency in city cycles, < 40 % Energy - No regenerative braking Storage 90x90 % First step to improved solution: - An all electric vehicle
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 15 15 Electric Vehicle Hybrid Concepts
95 % 95 %
Diesel Engine El. El. mach mach Gearbox D
MotoringRegen Advantage: 95 % 95 % n - High average efficiency << 80%80% - Regenerative braking Power Power - Packaging Electronics Electronics + - Drawbacks: Energy - Short range Storage - Reduced payload 90x90 % Idea to improved solution: - An ICE driven range extender -> The Series Hybrid Vehicle
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 16 Series Hybrid – principal layout Hybrid Concepts
Motoring < 30 %
Diesel Engine El.Diesel Engine El. El. mach mach mach GearboxGearbox DD
Advantage: Acceleration - Long range Regen up to 80% - Freedom in packaging Power PowerPower -Good brake recuperation Electronics ElectronicsElectronics + - + - Drawbacks: Energy Energy - Large high power energy storage Storage Storage - Low ICE drive efficiency at constant speed Improved solution: - Connect ICE to wheels mechanically –> The Parallel Hybrid
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 17 The Parallel Hybrid – The Volvo Group Solution Hybrid Concepts
Diesel Engine El. Motoring > 40mach % Gearbox D
Regen up to 80 % Advantages of the parallel vehicle: - Good commonality with existing powertrain Power Electronics - High range - High motoring efficiency due to hybridization + - - Less costly, due to low complexity Energy Storage Limitations: - Slightly lower regenerative braking capability due to lower EM rating than Series Hybrid - Matters only at extensive stop&go - Mechanical transmission to wheels influences packaging
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 18 Parallel hybrid – efficient in different environments
London -30% Göteborg -20% Speed Speed
Time Time
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 19 Volvo 7900 Hybrid – Principle Idea Transport efficiency/VLP
40%
30%
20% Serial hybrid* Parallel hybrid*
10%
Fuel saving saving % Fuel 0% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 * Commercial hybrid packages from supplier industry Average speed in route (km/h)
35 30 European Bus Market 25 Share of buses vs route 20 speed over full life time - 15 Data based on 10 000 Volvo buses. 29% Fleet % Fleet 10 % of population of % 18% 18% 5 13% 15% 0 5% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Volvo Buses Average Speed (km/h) Average speed in route (km/h) Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 20 Volvo 7900 Hybrid Environment – Volvo development Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 100 Fuel consumption* 80 60
100 40 80 20 0 60 Euro III Euro IV EEV Hybrid
40 Particulates (PM) 100 20 80
0 60 Euro III Euro IV EEV Hybrid 40
20 *Volvo development 0 Euro III Euro IV EEV Hybrid
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 21 Volvo 7900 Hybrid Environment – Environmental Facts & Figures Exhaust pollutants Exhaust
kms kms CO2 NOx
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 22 Volvo 7900 Hybrid Environment – Emission Legislation development
Euro 2, 1996 0.14
0.12 US 02, 2002
0.1 Euro 3, 2000
0.08
0.06
0.04 Particulates [g/kWh]Particulates 0.02 Japan, 2005 Euro 5, 2009 Euro 4, 2006 0 US 07, 2007 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5
US 10, 2010 Volvo hybrid, 2009 NOx [g/kWh]
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 23 Master presentation 2010-03-01 Volvo 7900 Hybrid - Live = Energized = Voltage applied System Performance - Driveline - Traction voltage = Between 60V-1000V within HEV. - High Voltage = Levels over 1000V. Not present in HEV. - Extra Low Voltage = Levels below 60V DC or 25V AC - ePTO = Electrical power take-off - HEV = Hybrid electric vehicle - HJB = HEV Junction Box - MDS = Motor Drive System - PEC = Power Electronic Converter - HPCU = Hybrid Powertrain Control Unit - DC/DC = Voltage Converter - HVIL = Hazardous Voltage Interlock Loop - AMT = Automatic Manual Transmission - ESS = Energy Storage System - EM = Electric Motor - D5 = City duty 5 liter engine
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 24 Volvo 7900 Hybrid Vehicle Performance - Energy Distribution
120 kW Volvo B7L Mixed cycle
Breaking Acceleration
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 25 Volvo 7900 Hybrid - Supplements Quality & Uptime – Global interest for Hybrids
Hybrid is the base for: - Economical - Simple - Efficient - Environmentally friendly Result in: - Public transportation with high availability
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 26 Volvo 7900 Hybrid - Supplements Productivity – Vehicle performance
Range possibilities for serial hybrid technique on SORT 1 like transport cycle
.. Range possibilities for parallel technique in SORT 1
The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. and SORT 2 like transport cycle Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears,London you may have to delete the image and then insert it again. Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 27 Volvo 7900 Hybrid – Customer references
Swiss Post press release - up to 30% in überland
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 28 Srl No. Parameter Specifications Life cycle
Electrical / Traction Storage 1. 600 V, DC 4 ½ years system
Permanent Magnet, AC motor, 3 phase, 120 kW, 400 Nm 2. Electrical Motor 12 years continuous torque, 800 Nm peak torque
MD5, 5 liter, city duty downsized engine, 4-cylinder, 4- 3. Engine stroke turbocharged and intercooled in-line 4 valve, 215 Overhaul at 500000 km / 8 years HP, 600 Nm
4. DC/DC converter 600 V-24 V 12 years
LCC calculated based on total life of 12 years
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 29 THANK-YOU
Volvo Buses Karthik Sarma 20-Jun-2012 30