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5.1.1 Road Infrastructure

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5.1.1 Road Infrastructure 5. URBAN TRANSPORTATION 5.1. Existing Situation 5.1.1 Road Infrastructure a. Roads: The road length in Mumbai is about 2,000 km, comprising of about 1,950 km of MCGM maintained roads and about 50 km of State Highways (23.55 km of Eastern Express Highway from Sion to Thane and 25.33 km of Western Express Highway from Bandra to Dahisar). All the roads in the city are surfaced, with about 17.5 per cent concretized and the rest black-topped. The structural condition of the roads is generally very good, though the riding surface deteriorates during monsoons as witnessed during the unprecedented rains and flooding during the rains of July 2005. MCGM carries routine pre-monsoon works in order to reduce the damage due to rains. A key issue, though is the digging of roads by utility agencies / companies for laying utility lines throughout the year, which after road restoration leaves the road in a bad condition. Table 20: Road Length in Greater Mumbai Western Suburbs Eastern Suburbs Sl Type of Road Surface Island City (km) Total (km) (km) (km) 1 Concrete 115.747 127.663 107.413 350.823 2 Black Topped 390.721 799.990 399.638 1,590.349 Total 506.468 927.653 507.051 1,941.172 b. Flyovers and Bridges: Currently MCGM maintains 11 flyovers, 47 ROBs and 104 bridges. In addition, for pedestrian facilitation MCGM has constructed 68 foot-over-bridges (FOB) and 28 pedestrian subways. As a measure to improve the road infrastructure to facilitate smooth traffic flow, a Committee appointed by the Government of Maharashtra had recommended the construction of 55 flyovers. Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation (MSRDC), Government of Maharashtra was appointed to implement the proposed works of which about 45 flyovers have been constructed already. MCGM is also undertaking works pertaining widening, rehabilitation and construction of 19 different types of bridges, such as ROB, FOB, flyovers, subways, out of which 6 are completed. c. Signalized Intersections: There are a total of 425 signalized intersections developed by MCGM across the city. Of these, 359 are vehicular traffic signals and 66 are pedestrian signals. In addition, MCGM has installed 81 blinkers – 57 running on conventional power and 24 on solar power. d. Parking Facilities: MCGM has earmarked / developed 83 parking lots at critical locations across the city. These are all pay-and-park facilities, which are contracted out to private operators for operation, maintenance and collection of parking fees. The contractors are selected through a bidding process and the parking fee leviable is fixed by MCGM from time-to-time. 5.1.2 Traffic in Greater Mumbai Traffic density during peak hours in some areas of the city is so high that the average speeds climb down to as low as 6 to 8 km per hour, especially in the areas of Sion, Bandra and Dadar. a. Registered Vehicles: The number of vehicles registered in Greater Mumbai limits is growing at 4-5 per cent per annum. It may be noted that motorcycles have grown at over 9 per cent per annum hinting at a rise in use of personalized vehicles for shorter trips. Trailers have also registered a 9 percent CAGR, reflecting the increase in containerized goods movement through the ports of Mumbai. Table 21: Vehicles Registered in Greater Mumbai Sl. Class of Vehicle 2001 2002 2003 CAGR Motor cycles (including 1 440,517 475,352 527,108 9% scooters Mopeds) Motor Cars, Jeeps & Station 2 344,870 353,417 366,805 3% Wagons 3 Taxi Cabs 62,447 63,679 54,809 -6% 4 Auto Rickshaws 101,914 101,829 98,527 -2% 5 Stage Carriages 5,394 5,258 5,382 0% 6 Contract Carriages 6,710 4,294 4,373 -19% Trucks & Lorries (including 7 56,626 55,412 56,130 0% Delivery Vans) 8 Ambulances 1,358 1,305 1,336 -1% 9 School Buses 707 558 563 -11% 10 Private Service Vehicles 1,713 1,353 1,494 -7% 11 Trailers 1,163 2,200 1,392 9% 12 Tractors 1,361 1,382 1,392 1% 13 Others 4,783 4,560 4,578 -2% Total 1,029,563 1,069,499 1,123,562 4% b. Accidents: Table 22: Accident Statistics in Mumbai Sl. Year Fatal Serious Slight Minor Total 1 1999 411 1,177 5,412 18,945 25,945 2 2000 441 1,392 5,403 1,214 26,450 3 2001 523 1,794 4,799 19,213 26,329 4 2002 462 1,409 4,886 18,713 25,470 5 2003 377 1,391 4,471 18,923 25,162 Figure 3: Map showing Major Transportation Network in Greater Mumbai 5.1.3 Public Transportation The travel demand in Mumbai is estimated to be about 200 million person trips per day, next only to Delhi (225 million ptpd) in India6. Mumbai has a good coordinated pubic transport system and is known to be the best system in India. About 85 per cent of the total trips are carried out through mass transport systems, almost equally divided among bus transport provided by Bombay Electric Supply and Transport (BEST) Corporation, an MCGM undertaking and the suburban railway system operated by Central and Western Railway Divisions of Indian Railways. Table 23: Public Transport Operations in Mumbai (2002-03) Sl. Mode of Public Transport / Fleet Size (No. Daily Passengers Passenger Operator of units) Kilometers 1 Western Railways (entire MMR) 1,126 2,856,235 75,244,186 2 Central Railway (entire MMR) 1,108 2,785460 89,187,115 3 BEST 3,335 4,275,000 27,909,863 Total 9,916,695 192,341,164 Source: Basic Statistics for MMR by MMRDA a. Road-based Public Transport: Road-based public transport in Mumbai is by way of conventional buses operated by BEST. Buses service over 42 per cent of the average daily traffic. The average trip lengths by bus is about 5 to 6 km. About 25 per cent of the total bus trips are feeder trips to the suburban railway system stations. BEST owns 3,391 buses and operates on about 337 routes carrying about 4.5million passengers daily. Of the total bus fleet, 3,296 buses are diesel-based and 95 CNG-based, while all of them meet Euro emission standards b. Rail based Public Transport: The suburban railway system operated by Central and Western divisions of Indian Railways, Government of India cater to over 6 million one-way passenger trips per day. The rail-based system caters to North-South traffic and have longer trip lengths than the bus system (average trip length of 15 to 20 km). The total passenger traffic in suburban rail system of Mumbai has increased six-folds since its inception, while capacity has been augmented by only about 2.3 times. As a result, each train on an average carries 4,500 passengers as against the desired average capacity of 1,750 passengers. 6 Estimated based on “Issues in Traffic, Transportation Planning & Management”, Paper presented by Dr. S Vishwanath, MCGM. c. Intermediate Public Transport: Intermediate public transport modes like taxi cars and auto rickshaws largely serve as collectors and distributors of traffic to the suburban railway system, with average trip lengths of about 3 to 5 km. As per Transport Commissioner, Government of Maharashtra vehicle registration statistics, there were 54,809 registered taxi cars and 98,527 registered auto rickshaws in Mumbai. Majority of the taxi cabs (99%) are of the Premier make, which is off the production line these days – the average age of the taxis on road is about 12 years, and the condition of the vehicles is generally poor, posing inconvenience and accident risks to the passengers. 5.2. Key Issues and Strategy Options/Plans The key issues with regards transportation in the city are that the road and rail systems of the city have failed to keep pace with the rapid growth in traffic. Some of the key issues are: a. Inadequate capacity of existing arterials linking the CBD of Greater Mumbai to the rest of MMR – the existing arteries, viz. Eastern and Western Express Highways are proving inadequate for the increasing traffic volumes. There is a need to enhance the capacities of these arterial roads and also to identify and develop alternate routes modes of public transportation to cater to the growing traffic demands. b. Poor riding surfaces in internal roads, especially post monsoons every year, necessitating prompt routine maintenance c. Traffic bottlenecks in the form of narrow right of ways, choking intersections, etc. resulting in slow traffic and environmental pollution. d. Overburdened suburban rail systems in terms of carrying capacity. e. Outdated intermediate public transport vehicles in the form of old outdated taxi cab models MCGM is currently undertaking several rehabilitation and road upgradation works within its jurisdictions, while other parastatal agencies like MMRDA and the Railways have planned and are implementing several projects aimed at improving connectivity within the MMR as a whole. Some of the key projects planned and/or being implemented are: a. Mumbai Urban Transport Project (MUTP): Developed as per recommendations of the Comprehensive Transport Study in 1992. Project covers road and rail components and is being implemented under World Bank funding. The thrust of the project is to improve suburban rail system with moderate investments in bus fleet augmentation, construction of rail over bridges and pedestrian grade separators and station area traffic improvements. The project is in an advanced stage of implementation and is scheduled to be completed by 2008. Total project cost is Rs. 4,024 crore (Rs.
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