Apuntes 80, 49-74 © Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 ISSN: 0252-1865 Article received on November 24th, 2016 eISSN: 2223-1757 Approved for publication on March 17th, 2017 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21678/apuntes.80.904 Society, science, and technology: Mariano de Rivero, mining and the birth of Peru as a Republic, 1820-1850 JOSÉ R. DEUSTUA C.1 Eastern Illinois University, Illinois, Estados Unidos
[email protected] Abstract: This article studies the relationships between society, science, and technology through an analysis of the personal life of the Peruvian scientist Mariano Eduardo de Rivero y Ustáriz. Starting with his education at the Seminario de San Jerónimo in Arequipa, the Highgate School in London, and the École Royale des Mines in Paris, this study focuses on Rivero’s acti- vities related to mining in Peru and its vicissitudes, from the development of Simon Bolivar’s strategy for the country after Independence had been achieved, through to the uncertainties of the subsequent period of caudillaje. Particular attention is given to capital investments, especially foreign and British, and the technology employed in the mining sector (especially in Cerro de Pasco) in this early Republican period. Keywords: Scientific education; Simon Bolivar; mining technology; British capital investments; Republican Peru. Acronyms and abbreviations ACN Archivo del Congreso Nacional, Peru AGN Archivo General de la Nación, Peru CDIP Colección Documental de la Independencia del Perú CLADHE Latin American Congress of Economic History (Congreso Latinoamericano de Historia Económica) IQ Intelligence quotient 1 A preliminary version of this paper was presented at the 5th Latin American Congress of Econo- mic History (CLADHE), held at Universidade de São Paulo on July 19 to 21, 2016.