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Redalyc.62 YEARS of INDONESIA-MEXICO DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS: SOME REFLECTIONS and WAYS FORWARD Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad ISSN: 1909-3063 [email protected] Universidad Militar Nueva Granada Colombia Sjahril Sabaruddin, Sulthon; División de Estudios Internacionales Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas 62 YEARS OF INDONESIA-MEXICO DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS: SOME REFLECTIONS AND WAYS FORWARD Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad, vol. 12, núm. 2, julio- diciembre, 2017, pp. 287-323 Universidad Militar Nueva Granada Bogotá, Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=92751348013 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative REVISTA - Bogotá (Colombia) Vol. 12 N.° 2 - Julio-diciembre 287 rev.relac.int.estrateg.segur.11(1):287-323,2017 62 YEARS OF INDONESIA-MEXICO DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS: SOME REFLECTIONS AND WAYS FORWARD* Sulthon Sjahril Sabaruddin** & División de Estudios Internacionales Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas*** * This research was developed with the support of the Agencia Mexicana de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo, Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (AMEXCID SRE) for the Special Program - Visiting Professor 2015 Scholarships. This paper represents the opinion of the author, and is the product of professional research. It is not meant to represent the position or opinion of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the Republic of Indonesia. Any errors are the fault of the author. ** Diplomatic Official (Charge d’Affaires), Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Sana’a. Doctorate in Economics, Universitas Indonesia. Dr. Sabaruddin actually works in the Center for Policy Analysis and Development on American and European Regions - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia in Jalan Taman Pejambon http://dx.doi. No. 6, Jakarta. E-mail: [email protected]. DOI: The author thanks Jorge A. Schiavon Uriegas, Lorena Ruano Gómez, Revista de Relaciones Mariana Magaldi de Sousa, Carlos Antonio Heredia Zubieta, and Federico Alejandro Cortés Cortés for their valuable comments in this paper and supporting the author for the visiting professor program at (2), 287-323. the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE). The author 12 , also thanks Mr. Leonard Felix Hutabarat, the Director of the Center for Policy Analysis and Development on American and European Region, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (Pusat P2K2 Amerop Kemlu RI) and H.E. Yusra Khan, Ambassador of the Republic of Indonesia accredited to Mexico, Belize, Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras for supporting him to participate in this visiting professor program. Finally, the author thanks Juan José Ramirez Bonilla (El Colegio 28 de enero de 2017 28 de enero de Mexico) and Omar Martínez Legorreta (El Colegio Mexiquense) for 27 de septiembre de 2016 27 de septiembre 20 de septiembre de 2016 20 de septiembre Sampó, C. (2017). 62 years of Indonesia-Mexico diplomatic sharing their views on the Indonesia-Mexico diplomatic relations in the interview session. *** Carretera México-Toluca 3655 Col., Lomas de Santa Fe 01210, México, D . F. org/10.18359/ries.2301 Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad Recibido: Evaluado: Aceptado: Referencia: relations: some reflections and ways forward. Artículo de Investigación 288 REVISTA DE RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES, ESTRATEGIA Y SEGURIDAD Abstract The paper attempts to discuss the Indonesia-Mexico diplomatic relations over the last 62 years (1953-2015). The paper shows that during the Soekarno admi- nistration, Indonesia and Mexico enjoyed the peak momentum of their bilateral political relations. The bilateral relations deteriorated during the Soeharto regi- me, despite some re-invigoration to strengthen economic relations was visible in the later period. In the post-Soeharto regime, the bilateral relations have stren- gthened, particularly in the economic sphere. The paper points out that there is plenty space that both countries could seize to strengthen the bilateral relations. But to achieve this goal, both countries need to have strong political willing- ness, work hard, and address the inherent matters and issues in innovative and creative manners. In the economic sphere, both states need to find resourceful ways on how to evolve from being a competing partner to become an emerging collaborative partner. To support the Indonesian economic diplomacy programs, Indonesia should also need to strengthen the socio-cultural and political coope- ration. The paper holds that achieving a so-called ‘comprehensive partnership’ as agreed by both Head of State in the Joint Statement 2013 seems to be a visible goal to be achieved in the near future. Keywords: Economic diplomacy, diplomatic relations, Indonesia, Mexico, com- prehensive partnership. 62 AÑOS DE RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS ENTRE INDONESIA Y MÉXICO: ALGUNAS REFLEXIONES Y CAMINOS A SEGUIR Resumen El artículo discute las relaciones diplomáticas entre Indonesia y México durante los últimos 62 años (1953-2015). Muestra que durante la administración Soekar- no, Indonesia y México disfrutaron del punto más alto en sus relaciones políticas bilaterales. Éstas se deterioraron durante el régimen de Soeharto, a pesar de alguna revitalización para fortalecer las relaciones económicas que fue visible en su periodo tardío. En la etapa posterior al régimen Soeharto, las relaciones bila- terales se han fortalecido, sobre todo en la esfera económica. El artículo señala que hay mucho espacio el cual ambos países podrían aprovechar para fortalecer las relaciones bilaterales. Pero, para alcanzar esta meta, ambos países necesitan tener una fuerte disposición política, trabajar duro y afrontar los temas y pro- blemas inherentes de maneras innovadoras y creativas. En la esfera económi- ca, ambos estados necesitan encontrar maneras recursivas para evolucionar de ser socios competidores a convertirse en socios colaboradores emergentes. Para 62 YEARS OF INDONESIA-MEXICO DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS: SOME REFLECTIONS AND WAYS FORWARD REVISTA - Bogotá (Colombia) Vol. 12 N.° 2 - Julio-diciembre 289 apoyar los programas diplomáticos y económicos de Indonesia, ésta también necesita fortalecer la cooperación sociocultural y política. El artículo sostiene que alcanzar una llamada “cooperación plena”, como fue acordado por ambos jefes de estado en la Declaración Conjunta de 2013, parece ser una meta visible de lograr en el futuro cercano. Palabras clave: diplomacia económica, relaciones diplomáticas, Indonesia, Mé- xico, cooperación plena. 62 ANOS DE RELAÇÕES DIPLOMÁTICAS ENTRE A INDONÉSIA E O MÉXICO: ALGUMAS REFLEXÕES E CAMINHOS A SEREM SEGUIDOS Resumo O artigo discute as relações diplomáticas entre a Indonésia e o México durante os últimos 62 anos (1953-2015). Mostra que durante a administração Soekarno, Indonésia e o México disfrutaram do ponto mais alto nas suas relações políticas bilaterais. As quais se deterioraram durante o regime de Soeharto apesar de al- guma revitalização para fortalecer as relações econômicas que foi visível no seu período tardio. Na etapa posterior ao régime Soeharto, as relaciones bilaterais se fortaleceram, sobre tudo na esfera econômica. O artigo aponta que existe muito espaço no qual ambos países poderiam aproveitar para fortalecer as re- lações bilaterais. Mas para alcançar esta meta os dois países necessitam ter uma forte disposição política, trabalhar fortemente e enfrentar os temas e problemas inerentes de forma inovadoras e criativas. Na esfera econômica, ambos estados necessitam encontrar maneiras recursivas para evolucionar de ser sócios com- petitivos a transformasse em sócios colaboradores emergentes. Para apoiar os programas diplomáticos e econômicos da Indonésia o mesmo também necessita fortalecer a cooperação sociocultural e política. O artigo afirma que para alcan- çar a chamada “cooperação plena”, como foi estipulado por ambos chefes de estado na Declaracao Conjunta de 2013, parece ser uma meta visível de conse- guir no futuro próximo. Palavras-chave: diplomacia econômica, relações diplomáticas, Indonésia, Mé- xico, cooperação plena. Sulthon Sjahril Sabaruddin & División de Estudios Internacionales - Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas 290 REVISTA DE RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES, ESTRATEGIA Y SEGURIDAD Background back to the 18th century, when Spain ruled both the Philippines and Mexico Mexico is one of Indonesia’s old friends (Anjaiah, 2008). Certain places in In- in Latin America. It is the second oldest donesia, from Sulawesi to Flores, had Indonesian friend in the Latin Ameri- contacts with the Spanish colonial re- can region, just after Brazil. Formally, gime. Indonesia exported cinnamon the diplomatic relations between Indo- to Mexico; meanwhile, Mexico intro- nesia and Mexico started on 6th April duced vanilla to Indonesia. All of these 1953, after both states signed the Joint commodities were sent through Chi- Declaration on Opening Diplomatic nese ships sailing from the Philippines Relations (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of via Indonesia and China, and finally the Republic of Indonesia. 2013). Pri- to Mexico. Further, in 1930, a Mexi- or to the diplomatic establishment in can citizen, Mr. Miguel Covarrubias, 1953, during the Presidency of Adolfo visited Indonesia for the first time and Ruiz Cortinez, in 1952, Dr. Josue de came back in 1933 supported by the Benito
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