Origins A Need Arises Mathematicians In the years during and especially One of the most significant eventually began following the Second World War, the factors affecting this increas- working with engi- nation experienced a surge in industri- ing demand for mathemati- neers and scientists al and military research and the devel- cians during the early 1950s more frequently, in opment of related technology, thus was the development of the a wider variety of creating a need for improved mathe- electronic digital computer. areas, including matical and computational methods. One of the first, the ENIAC, software develop- To illustrate, in 1938, there were about was completed in 1946. As An ad that appeared in the ment, trajectory 850 mathematicians and statisticians early as 1933, scientists, engi- SIAM NEWSLETTER May, 1956 simulations, com- employed by the federal government. neers and mathematicians at puter design, vibra- By 1954, however, that number nearly the Moore School of Electrical tion studies, structural and mechanical quadrupled to 3200. Likewise, at the Engineering of the University of design, radar and communications sys- turn of the 20th century, there were Pennsylvania began working with their tem design, and coding theory. barely a dozen mathematicians work- counterparts in the military to construct Working as a team, the applied mathe- ing in industry in the United States, a differential analyzer. Over time, this matician would conduct the prelimi- but by 1953, this number had grown device was greatly improved through the nary analysis of the systems and devices to approximately 1500. More impor- use of then-modern servomechanisms proposed for construction by engineers tantly, though, despite this increase in and was made more versatile through and other professionals. Having mathe- the number of mathematicians work- advanced mathematical techniques. maticians play such a critical role in ing in the industrial sector in the mid- When the ENIAC was first developed, industrial research and development 1900s, there was a demand for twice it was used primarily by the armed sparked a growing need for new mathe- this amount. forces to make calculations relating to matical insight and methods to ensure the design and deployment of rockets the effective use and design of new and missiles; prepare firing tables; and technology such as computers, radar develop solutions to a host of other communications systems and television. research problems. However, because this prototype and the computers that followed permitted a higher level of complexity in mathematical models to be subjected to final numerical evalua- tion, computers gradually began to be used in various fields of science and industry, as well. 3

CHAPTER 2 ORGANIZATION AND ESTABLISHMENT

SIAM was incorporated on April 30, 1952 as a non-profit organization under the laws of the State of Delaware.

An Idea Takes Shape Philadelphia at an engineering lab at group should be called the Society for By the early 1950s, mathematicians, the Drexel Institute of Technology (now Industrial and Applied Mathematics. engineers and scientists began to think Drexel University). Members of the And so, the movement toward organi- that meeting the latest technological organizing committee included: I. zation had begun. demands required the promotion of Edward Block, Donald B. Houghton, applied mathematics and computation Samuel S. McNeary, Cletus O. Oakley, The Society Is Formed in industrial research. This sentiment George Patterson, III and George During the first quarter of 1952, the was shared by several of the participants Sonneman. During this meeting, it was fledgling group was occupied with the who had attended the November 30, mentioned that an Industrial formalities of organizing the society. 1951 meeting of the Servomechanisms Mathematics Society was located in With help from the Philco Corporation, Section of the American Institute of Detroit, Michigan and a debate arose as SIAM was incorporated on April 30, Electrical Engineers at the Chalfont- to whether the proposed organization 1952 as a non-profit organization under Haddon Hall in Atlantic City, New should affiliate with the Michigan asso- the laws of the State of Delaware. Jersey. Two of these participants in ciation. The organizers of the new According to its Articles of particular– I. Edward Block, a group concluded that the organization Incorporation, the society was organ- consulting mathematician at the Philco should be an independent, regional ized: (a) to further the application of Corporation, and George Patterson, III, professional society dedicated to the mathematics to industry and science; (b) a mathematical logician at the Burroughs idea that mathematics should play a to promote basic research in mathematics Adding Machine Company– were espe- greater role in solving the problems of leading to new methods and techniques cially committed to the formation of government and industry and that useful to industry and science; and (c) to such an organization. After some discus- members of academe, government and provide media for the exchange of infor- sion on the issue, several of the partici- industry should join forces to achieve mation and ideas between mathematicians pants assembled at this meeting decided this goal. It was also decided that this and other technical and scientific person- to form a professional organization for nel. To ensure the strongest interactions mathematicians working in industry and between mathematics and other scientif- government to convey useful mathemati- ic and technological communities, this cal knowledge to other professionals who three-fold aim of SIAM has remained could implement the theory for practi- the same for the past half-century. cal, industrial or scientific use. First Headquarters Steps toward Organization in Philadelphia A few weeks later, in December Given SIAM’s limited funds at this 1951, the first meeting for this pro- time, Donald Houghton, who was posed organization was held in employed by the Franklin Institute Laboratories in Philadelphia, persuaded 4

SIAM’S HEADQUARTERS the Franklin Institute to With the formalities of provide SIAM with some incorporation complete, the OVER THE EARS Y office space for its first society’s next step was to rally As the associa- headquarters. The Institute the interest and support of tion’s member- also provided some storage more members. SIAM’s bylaws ship grew over space and the secretarial provided that members were to its first three services needed to conduct be elected into the society by a decades, so did the society’s business. Until vote of the Council through its its staff and need SIAM was finally able to Membership Committee. Three for office space. afford to lease office space classes of membership were Consequently, in in 1958, the business office Franklin Institute established: ordinary, contribut- the late 1950s of its early presidents usual- ing and institutional. The and early 1960s, SIAM moved ly served as its headquarters. Philco Corporation, in early 1952, its headquarters to various printed promotional materials; assem- locations near the campuses of Framework for Success bled and maintained a listing of mem- the University of Pennsylvania By June 1952, the society’s bylaws had and Drexel University. By the bers; and made mailings as needed. All mid-1960s, SIAM began to been completed, and they required that: the mailings that were used to lease office space in downtown (1) the organization’s affairs be managed announce SIAM’s meetings in the win- Philadelphia at 33 South by a Board of Trustees; (2) its officers ter and spring of 1952 were also used to 17th Street. include a president, two vice-presidents, solicit members. As a result, member- a secretary and a treasurer; and (3) a In July, 1980, SIAM moved its ship in the society began to grow. By Council be appointed to formulate and headquarters down the street to November 1952, the society had more 117 South 17th Street. This administer the scientific policies of the soci- than 130 members. space served the Society well ety and to act in an advisory capacity to for several years, but by 1988, the Board of Trustees. The Council was Early Meetings SIAM’s office space was again also made responsible for the society’s James W. Crease, then president of in need of publications, the first of which was des- the Drexel Institute of Technology, expansion. ignated by the bylaws as a Bulletin. To made a commitment to support the In August facilitate some of the soci- growth of this new organiza- 1988, SIAM ety’s objectives, the bylaws tion and offered to host entered into also required the forma- SIAM’s early meetings at an agree- tion of two committees. Drexel’s Picture Gallery. ment of sale The Publication Committee Approximately 180 people for the pur- was to be responsible for attended the first meeting, chase of publishing the Bulletin, as held at Drexel, on March 17, 21,000 well as any other publica- 1952. W. F. G. Swann, square feet of office space in a tions deemed necessary by Director of the Bartol nine-story glass and steel build- the Council. Consisting of Foundation of the Franklin ing being constructed at at least two Council mem- Institute was the speaker. His 36th and Market Streets in Drexel Institute Philadelphia. SIAM moved into bers and others, the presentation was titled, its current headquarters in July Program Committee was to Mathematics, the Backbone of 1989. This move was necessary plan and implement the agenda for the Science. Mina Rees, then Director of the to accommodate SIAM’s office society’s meetings. Any papers that were Mathematics Branch of the Office of staff of 40, which was then to be presented at the society’s meetings Naval Research, spoke about The Role serving a membership that required the prior approval of the of Mathematics in Government at had burgeoned to 7,200 by the Program Committee. Both of these com- SIAM’s second meeting, on April 28, late 1980s. mittees were established in June 1952. 1952. The May 26, 1952 lecture of William E. Bradley, Director of Research for the Philco Corporation, was entitled Is It Mathematics? After a brief pause during the summer, the society offered a series of lectured meetings on mathematics and its applications in the Philadelphia area in the fall. 5

CHAPTER 3 EARLY YEARS

Just eighteen months after incorporating, SIAM had nearly 300 members. During its early years, the society spent much time on establishing operational protocols and developing a newsletter and a journal.

First Election In the fall following this first elec- was the Bulletin. After some discussion, it In August 1952, the society’s incor- tion, SIAM also held a meeting, rough- was agreed that the society’s technical pub- porators elected Wroe Alderson, ly once a month, which included lec- lication should be called a Journal, rather Donald Houghton, Robert James, tures of interest to members. By the than a Bulletin, and that its content should John Mauchly, and George S. Webster end of the year, President Bradley be limited to clearly written research and to serve as temporary trustees until a informed the association that due to the tutorial papers. The group decided that it formal election was conducted. SIAM pressure of his daily business responsi- was best to delay its release until such a set held its first annual business meeting in bilities, he needed to resign from his of papers could be assembled. October 1952, at the University of post. Donald Houghton formally Pennsylvania’s Bennett Hall. At this replaced Bradley in May, 1953. meeting, Grace M. Hopper lectured on the Elementary Training of a Computer, Early Council Meetings and SIAM held its first formal election Most of SIAM’s early council meetings of officers, trustees and council. These focused primarily on establishing opera- individuals were elected as the society’s tions. At the first council meeting of the first executives: President: William E. society, which was held on November 19, Bradley; Vice President: Grace M. 1952 at the Moore School of Electrical Committees Formed Engineering of the University of Hopper; Vice President: George W. By the end of 1952, SIAM’s Council Pennsylvania, Raymond Berkowitz was Patterson; Treasurer: Emil Amelotti; and had also established several new commit- elected to serve as chairman of the Secretary: I. Edward Block. tees, including: Bylaws, Nominating, Programs Committee, and George W. Publicity, Arrangements, Planning and SIAM’s first Council members were Patterson was chosen to chair the Soliciting. Since its inception in 1952, also elected at this meeting. They were Membership Committee. During this meet- SIAM has been run by a dedicated and Raymond F. Berkowitz, Heinrich W. ing, the Council also decided that SIAM energetic corps of volunteer members, Brinkman, Alan C. Byers, Donald B. should have a monthly working as officers, trustees, council and Houghton, G. newsletter to keep members committee members. Throughout the Tr uman Hunter, apprised of matters within society’s fifty-year history, SIAM has Robert F. Jackson, the organization and the pro- established dozens of committees, as Robert C. James, fession, as well as to discuss needed, to address many issues and mat- Robert B. some expository papers that ters of concern to its members. The socie- Kleinschmidt, had been presented at meet- ty, its members and the entire mathemati- Harold W. Kuhn, ings. Another issue that cal and scientific community have greatly Samuel S. McNeary, received much attention at benefitted from this spirit of cooperation, John H. Ramser The University of Pennsylvania’s the Council’s early meetings and Russell Remage. Bennett Hall dedication and volunteerism. 6

SIAM NEWSLETTER Today, SIAM NEWS serves as the Board of Trustees and Council, a com- The SIAM NEWSLETTER first appeared membership’s newsjournal, reporting on mittee was formed to evaluate the con- in February 1953. the issues and developments tent and format of SIAM REVIEW. As a Donald B. Houghton, affecting the applied and com- result, a new editorial board was formed of the Franklin Institute putational mathematics commu- and SIAM REVIEW was reconstructed to Laboratories, served as nity. While the format of the contain five sections: Survey and Review, its first editor. society’s news publication may Problems and Topics covered in the have changed slightly over the Techniques, NEWSLETTER included past fifty years, it has remained a Education, news about the society; primary source of information SIGEST and educational and profes- for members. Typically, SIAM Book Reviews. sional opportunities; an NEWS includes technical The first issue editorial section; a calen- overview articles; commentaries in the new dar of events; and a on the issues that affect the format book review. Publication of SIAM’s mathematical sciences community; book debuted in early newsletters was made possible reviews; news about legislation and March 1999 through the assistance of the Franklin funding; a calendar of events; and adver- with a striking Institute, which financed its composi- tisements of professional opportunities. new cover tion, printing and mailings. Publication design and a collection of impressive of the NEWSLETTER continued until SIAM REVIEW articles. The response to the “new” December 1959. In 1959, SIAM REVIEW was launched SIAM REVIEW was very positive. as a journal of expository and survey Starting in January 1960, the infor- articles, problems and solutions, and Sections of the Society Form mation previously contained in the book reviews. Since its inception, this Within just seven months after NEWSLETTER was incorporated into the publication has served an important SIAM was organized, discussions had News and Notices Section of the SIAM function for the SIAM membership by already begun on developing regional REVIEW, a quarterly publication begun publishing some of the most important sections of the society. In November by SIAM in 1959. In the early days of papers in applied and computational 1952, Anthony F. Bartholomay, of SIAM REVIEW, this segment usually mathematics. As the only journal of Boston, Massachusetts, met with amounted to just about two pages and SIAM received by all members, it has SIAM representatives about forming a contained news about the society and been the objective of its Boston/Cambridge section of its sections; a roster of new members; editorial staff to appeal the society. His idea was well notices; and other helpful information. to the interests of as received, but the SIAM However, by 1967 this section of the many members as possi- Council decided to first spon- REVIEW eventually comprised several ble. With SIAM’s mem- sor meetings in the area, while pages per issue and became difficult to bership becoming developing plans for the sec- manage. With SIAM growing in scope increasingly diverse, tion. Consequently, on May and size, the society resumed publica- achieving this objective 20, 1953 SIAM sponsored a tion of the SIAM NEWSLETTER in April became more challeng- meeting in Cambridge, with 1968 to keep the membership better ing. In 1995, at a joint Norbert Wiener as guest speak- informed of timely news items. meeting of the SIAM er. This was the first SIAM-

In September 1953, The SIAM sections of the soci- NEWSLETTER ety were organized By the fall of 1954, SIAM had The Society for Industrial and made its in the Delaware 500 members and sections By the end of 1955, membership in the Applied Mathematics was debut in Valley and Boston/ had also been formed in New society increased to 1000, and another incorporated on April 30, 1952. February Cambridge area. York City, San Francisco and section was formed in Baltimore. ▼1952 1953. ▼1954 Washington, DC. ▼1956

In the fall of 1952, ▲1953 The JOURNAL OF THE ▲1955 SIAM published its first book in SIAM held its first SOCIETY FOR INDUSTRIAL On December 28, 1954, SIAM held its 1956– A SURVEY OF TRAINING AND election of officers, AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS first joint national meeting with the RESEARCH IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS trustees and council made its debut in American Mathematical Society, the IN THE UNITED STATES, prepared by members. September 1953. Mathematical Association of America F. Joachim Weyl. and the Association for Symbolic Logic. 7

sponsored meeting that was not held 1954, D. L. Four issues of JSIAM were in Philadelphia. By August 1953, Thomsen, Jr., of the published in 1954. In the jour- SIAM had received a formal petition Delaware Valley nal’s early years, Ed Block and requesting the formation of a section Section, was made the other editors and collaborators, in the Philadelphia and in the first section editor of including Phil Davis, Harold Boston/Cambridge areas. the SIAM Kuhn and David Young, made a NEWSLETTER. devoted and tireless effort to Prompted by this interest in organiz- solicit high quality papers. By the ing local SIAM sections, the society’s First Journal late 1950s, the editorial board of bylaws were amended in 1953 to permit Published JSIAM was reorganized to facili- their formation and operation in geo- After months of tate the processing of an increas- graphic areas where there existed at least preparation, the socie- ing number of papers. Despite twenty interested SIAM members. ty published its first issue of the this simple beginning, SIAM now pro- Provisions were also made for providing JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR duces eleven journals, including an all- some financial assistance to the sections INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS electronic, multi-media journal, with a and for the election of their officers. (JSIAM) in September 1953. The twelfth to begin publication in 2003. Although the society was responsible for Journal was intended as a quarterly establishing the boundaries for the sec- technical publication that would Early Joint Meetings tion, these sub-groups were permitted to include expository and research papers In April 1953, SIAM collaborated develop their own rules of procedure. in applied mathematics and other with other professional associations– the The requests to organize the papers that would be helpful to solving American Institute of Electrical Engineers Philadelphia and Boston/Cambridge industrial problems. Donations from (AIEE) and the Institute of Radio Sections of SIAM were approved in corporate sponsors such as Burroughs, Engineers (IRE)– to co-sponsor a lecture. September, 1953. (It was decided that IBM and the Eckert-Mauchly Division Arthur W. Burks was the featured speaker the Philadelphia section should be of Remington Rand (later UNIVAC) and lectured on the logical design of called the Delaware Valley Section.) By made publication of the early editions computers. Then again, on October 14, year’s end, formation of the Southern of JSIAM possible. The first editors of 1953, local sections of the AIEE and the California Section had also been the journal were I.E. Block, Philip IRE joined SIAM in conducting a series approved. One year later, in 1954, sec- Davis, Robert Jackson, Stanley Katz of lectures in Philadelphia on the design tions in Central Pennsylvania, and Russell Remage. of experiments, random processes, noise Northern California and Greater New The first issue of JSIAM contained and filters, information theory and quali- York had been established as well. By four papers. Papers for inclusion in this ty control. This was one of the first March 30, 1955, new sections of journal were solicited by the society’s opportunities for SIAM to reach out to SIAM were also organized in Publications Committee. To provide a the broader community of engineers. Cleveland-Akron, Pittsburgh, more prestigious appearance and to These early collaborative meetings set a Baltimore and Washington, DC. In facilitate production, starting in March precedent for the society. SIAM has con- order for the society to keep in touch 1954, JSIAM was printed using a hot tinued to work with other professional with these geographic units, the letterpress. Three months after JSIAM’s associations to sponsor educational con- Council voted that each section chair- debut, the society decided to accept ferences and symposia to benefit its man should designate a section mem- some conservative advertising in its members and to advance the application ber as an associate news editor of the publications to offset expenses. of mathematics and computational sci- SIAM NEWSLETTER. In November ence to many areas of study.

In 1959, the society launched SIAM REVIEW and issued its first translation of Teoriya Veroyatnostei i ee Primeneniya (Theory of Probability and its In September 1960, SIAM launched its ▼1958 Applications). ▼1960 Visiting Lectureship Program.

▲1957 By 1958, SIAM admitted its ▲1959 Lars V. Ahlfors pre- ▲1961 2,000th member, and had sented the first John The society co- grown so much that it had to von Neumann Lecture sponsored the lease office space and hire in August 1960. first Gatlinburg two secretaries. symposium in April 1961. 8

CHAPTER 4 OPERATION, EXPANSION AND EMERGENCE

Despite substantial growth, expansion and diversification, over the past half century, SIAM has remained dedicated to the mission formulated by its founders. The 105th meeting of the SIAM Council.

As in most organizations, growth pre- basis, the secretary whose services had SIAM’s increasing reach was the success cipitates change, and this was certainly previously been donated by the of JSIAM– besides the subscriptions true for SIAM. Fortunately, during its Franklin Institute. With all of this issued to SIAM’s members, 286 first decade, SIAM’s many volunteer growth and development, and the libraries in 36 states across the country members, committees and officers responsibility of publishing its and in 11 countries around the world worked diligently to develop an organi- NEWSLETTER and JOURNAL, managing were also receiving copies. zational structure that would accommo- the day-to-day affairs of the society Given the extent of SIAM’s early date future change and expansion. This became more difficult to accomplish in development and expansion, by the chapter focuses on SIAM’s evolution its small office. Consequently, in 1958, mid-1950s, some of the society’s leaders, and development during the past forty SIAM moved out of the Franklin among them Harold W. Kuhn, thought years– starting as an independent, Institute and into a two-room office that SIAM should begin to think regional professional society, and space on the third floor of a house nationally. During Kuhn’s tenure as emerging as an international applied owned by the Drexel Institute of SIAM president (1954-1955), he elicit- mathematical society. Despite substan- Technology. At this point, the society ed an invitation from the American tial growth, expansion and diversifica- had also hired two secretaries to assist Mathematical Society (AMS) for SIAM tion, SIAM has remained dedicated to with preparing SIAM’s publications. to join the AMS and the Mathematical the mission formulated by its founders– to promote basic research in mathematics, SIAM Emerges leading to new methods and techniques onto the National Stage useful to industry and science. Around the mid-1950s, there were many indications that SIAM was gain- Growth and ing national recognition and growing in Expansion Prompts Change stature. Sections of the society contin- The society grew dramatically during ued to form around the country, and by its early years. Within just one year the end of the decade, sections had also after its formation– by the end of been organized in Denver, Arizona, 1953– membership in SIAM had Illinois, San Diego, Cincinnati and the already more than doubled to 350, and Pacific-Northwest. In fact, by this then grew to 500 the following year. point, a majority of SIAM’s members Due to this exceptional increase in were affiliated with one of its sections, membership, in 1954, SIAM began and, although SIAM was founded in utilizing a commercial service to dis- Philadelphia, there were more tribute its mailings. Two years later, the Californians in the society than society also had to hire, on a full-time Pennsylvanians! Another indicator of 9

Association of America (MAA) and the SERVING THE MEMBERSHIP Association for Symbolic Logic for their joint annual meeting on December 28, When SIAM contracted to 1954, at the Mellon Institute of purchase its current head- Industrial Research, in Pittsburgh, quarters in August 1988, this Pennsylvania. This was SIAM’s first office facility was selected national meeting. because it was large enough to accommodate a growing Meeting the Special (From left to right) Carl Meyer, Gene membership. With the num- Interests of Members Golub and Hans Schneider relaxing during ber of members passing the 9,000 mark in the 1990s, SIAM Between 1960 and 1980, SIAM SIAM’s 1982 conference on linear algebra. now has a staff of more than added nearly 3,000 members, bringing According to the procedures out- 60 full- and part-time employ- total individual membership in the ees, who serve members in lined, an activity group could be society to the 5,000 mark! Within these the areas of Accounting, formed, provided at least 20 or more two decades, numerous technological Books, Conferences, Customer advances were being made in the com- members presented a petition to do so. Service, Editorial, Information putational sciences and in the many Each SIAG has a chair, a vice-chair, a Systems, Marketing, facets of applied mathematics, and, secretary and a program director. Production, SIAM NEWS, consequently, SIAM’s membership These sub-groups organize confer- Warehousing and Shipping, became increasingly more diverse. To ences, workshops and tutorials that and the Office of the provide a venue within which these sci- appeal not only to SIAM members, Executive Director. entists, engineers and mathematicians but also to members in other profes- To better serve its members, could exchange ideas, expand their net- sional societies with overlapping inter- in 1994 SIAM established a works and organize activities, in ests. Members of SIAM may join as website– www.siam.org– and November 1980, SIAM established pro- many SIAGs as desired, and new has been able to offer members cedures to permit the formation of groups can be formed at any time by a variety of online services activity groups (now referred to as submitting the appropriate petition. through its home page, including access to its journals; a SIAM Activity Groups, or SIAGs) so that complete book catalog; confer- areas of special interest could be studied First Activity Group Formed In April 1982, SIAM sponsored a ence and program announce- by smaller groups within the society. conference dedicated exclusively to lin- ments; membership informa- ear algebra and its applications near tion; and career and professional opportunities. the campus of North Carolina State SIAM’s Activity Groups and Moreover, SIAM has a Year of Formation University in order to lend support to this area of study. Of the 345 regis- computer-based system for • Linear Algebra, 1982 trants who attended, 58 were from transaction processing, and outside the U.S. The purpose of the extensive office systems for •Discrete Mathematics, 1984 internal and external applica- conference was to examine the latest tions, including desktop publish- •Supercomputing, 1984 developments in linear algebra and to ing, manuscript processing and •Optimization, 1985 consider its future development. Three a local area network linked to months later, on July 19, 1982, • Control and Systems Theory, 1986 the internet. In addition, every SIAM’s first activity group– on Linear staff member is accessible •Dynamical Systems, 1989 Algebra– was formally established. through the internet and an •Geometric Design, 1989 The activity group on Linear Algebra automated voice mail service. •Orthogonal Polynomials and was the first of twelve that have formed Special Functions, 1990 within SIAM during the past twenty years. Like the society as a whole, with •Geosciences, 1991 the help of the SIAM staff, these individ- •Imaging Science, 2000 ual groups plan their own activities (such as conferences and minisymposia); award • Life Sciences, 2000 prizes; and issue newsletters (paper and • Computational Science and electronic) to their members. Each year, Engineering, 2002 a directory is compiled for each activity group and distributed to its members. 10

SIAM GROWS INTERNATIONALLY

After making headway onto the ICIAM national stage in the mid-1950s, it was SIAM was over the next two decades that SIAM instrumental in began to evolve into one of the coun- organizing the try’s leading mathematical societies, and First that SIAM also began reaching out to International the international mathematical and sci- Conference on entific community. Though the society Industrial and progressed slowly at first, SIAM has Applied evolved into a truly international pro- Mathematics Second ICIAM, hosted by SIAM in 1991. fessional society. As such, SIAM and its (ICIAM) in leaders have taken this role very serious- Paris, on June 29- ly and have taken various steps to July 3, 1987. Although improve and enhance the discipline of SIAM had been exploring applied mathematics and computation- the possibility of sponsor- al science throughout the world. ing such an international Probably the most visible sign of meeting as early as October, SIAM’s efforts has been its role as a par- 1970, it was not until the ticipant in and sponsor of various inter- mid-1980s that this objec- national conferences. As early as tive began to materialize. In September 1954, SIAM selected a rep- December 1985, SIAM resentative to the International President, Gene Golub, and Conference of Mathematicians in Managing Director, Ed Planning meeting for first ICIAM in 1985. Amsterdam, Netherlands. Similarly, in Block, traveled to France to the international commu- September 1968, SIAM, co-sponsored join with representatives nity that developments in the Second International Conference on from the mathematical soci- industrial and applied Computing Methods in Optimization eties of France, Great mathematics warranted a Problems in San Remo, Italy. Since Britain and Germany to series of international then, SIAM has cooperated in a variety discuss and prepare for stag- meetings, setting the stage of international conferences on a wide ing the first event. for ICIAM to be held range of topics. It was the success of the every four years. SIAM first International has been deeply involved Conference on Industrial in the planning and stag- and Applied Mathematics ing of the ICIAM from (ICIAM) that convinced the start.

Two years later, in October 1964, SIAM developed the JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS SERIES B: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS. ▼1962 ▼1964 ▼1966

The society released its first ▲1963 ▲1965 The JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR issue of the JOURNAL OF THE INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED SOCIETY FOR INDUSTRIAL AND MATHEMATICS was renamed the APPLIED MATHEMATICS SERIES A: SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED CONTROL in 1962. MATHEMATICS in January 1966. 11

globe. SIAM has been especially THE COMPUTER REVOLUTION mindful of this obligation in developing areas of the world. In While the development of January 1989, SIAM reiterated digital computers like the the society’s commitment to ENIAC certainly revolutionized deepen its ties with applied the field of scientific comput- mathematicians in countries that ing, the rapid, sweeping changes to occur in computer have not yet organized applied design and application during mathematics societies by devel- the five decades that followed Reception for participants at first oping international programs to encour- ICIAM in Paris, 1987. have been extraordinary. In age worldwide communication and fact, a study of the most state- When SIAM hosted the Second interaction. In January 2000, in an of-the-art computers in each of International Conference on Industrial effort to broaden the reach of SIAM to these decades revealed that, and Applied Mathematics in Washington, mathematicians around the world, the on average, the performance of these machines increased DC in July 1991, more than 2,000 Board of Trustees approved reduced every decade by about two mathematicians and scientists from 48 membership dues for mathematicians in developing countries. orders of magnitude. In order countries attended. Golub was cited by to keep members apprised of the international mathematical commu- International Membership the many advances in the nity for his leadership in bringing about Given the demographic diversification development of this indispen- the first ICIAM. sible tool, beginning in the of SIAM since the mid-1980s, this inter- early 1980s, SIAM NEWS fre- Because ICIAM evolved into such an national perspective has been appropri- quently featured articles dedi- important forum for showcasing interna- ately shared by SIAM’s officers. To illus- cated to the design, program tional developments in industrial and trate, in 1986, the Nordic Section of development, use and applica- applied mathematics, as a regular spon- SIAM was formed. This was the society’s tion of computation. soring organization for the meeting, first international section, and included SIAM established a policy to help defray members from Denmark, Finland, the travel expenses of students, post-docs Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Although and needy scientists. With funding from this section was dissolved in 1990, in the National Science Foundation, the December 1996, SIAM approved the Department of Energy and the National formation of a section for the United Security Agency, travel grants have been Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. awarded to attendees of ICIAM. Eighteen months later, in July 1998, the East Asia Section of SIAM was estab- Reaching Out lished, bringing together scientists and Through its direct involvement in engineers engaged in the application of organizing, sponsoring and supporting mathematics, in industry and academe, so many international conferences, throughout East Asia, including China, exchanges and meetings over the past Japan and Korea. fifty years, SIAM has been able to satisfy its founders’ mission of promoting research in mathematics around the

The JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR INDUSTRIAL SIAM established the AND APPLIED Theodore von Karman Prize MATHEMATICS SERIES A: in 1968 to honor a notable CONTROL was renamed application of mathematics to SIAM instituted the SIAM JOURNAL ON mechanics and/or the the George Polya CONTROL in 1966. ▼1968 engineering sciences. Prize in 1969. ▼1970

▲1967 The American ▲1969 In May 1969, the The SIAM JOURNAL ▲1971 Mathematical Society and society released its ON MATHEMATICAL SIAM established the first volume in the ANALYSIS was Norbert Wiener Prize and book series, SIAM- launched in the George David Birkoff AMS Proceedings. February 1970. Prize in 1967. 12

First Forum to Focus on Industry Mathematics in Industry Project At the conclusion of the study, SIAM SIAM is unlike many other profes- Prompted, in part, by a desire to released its Report on Mathematics in sional associations because it does not expand employment opportunities for Industry in 1996. An important finding in have a well defined constituency. graduate students, SIAM conducted the report was that students at the gradu- Rather, SIAM’s membership is quite several focus groups which revealed ate and doctoral level would benefit great- diverse, consisting of mathematicians, that there were extraordinary differ- ly from exposure to mathematics in the college professors, engineers, ences in the training, values and cul- sciences and engineering, and other disci- researchers, statisticians, computer sci- ture between academic and industrial plines. When the report was released, entists, physicists, researchers and oth- mathematicians. As a result, the next SIAM Executive Director, James Crowley, ers. Over the years, this mix has year, SIAM began its Mathematics in emphasized the association’s commitment remained fairly consistent, though, with Industry Project, intending to ultimately to work with academic institutions, stu- seventy percent of SIAM’s members formulate educational recommenda- dents, faculty and members of industry to working in academia, and the remain- tions that would improve the ability of implement the report’s recommendation ing thirty employed in industry and students to obtain employment in of broadening the graduate curriculum government. Despite these differences, industry. With support from the and to improve the match of graduate all of SIAM’s members use mathematics National Science Foundation and the education to the needs of industry. to solve real-world problems. National Security Agency, the society began a study Maintaining a Beginning in the early 1990s, SIAM to examine the Washington Presence began a series of initiatives to focus on role of mathe- SIAM has cooperated with the needs of its members in industry. matics in busi- the AMS and the MAA through For example, in May, 1992, SIAM ness, industry the Joint Policy Board for conducted its first Forum on Industrial and govern- Mathematics (JPBM) and, more and Applied Mathematics to foster dis- ment in order currently, with the Computing cussion about the sweeping changes to develop Research Association (CRA) affecting the professional environment strategies for concerning advocacy for and in applied and computational mathe- enhancing public awareness of mathematics matics, from employment opportuni- graduate edu- and computing. Although JPBM ties to education to research. A second cation in originally shared a congressional forum was held in June 1993 to facili- mathematics; liaison, SIAM established its tate better communication and infor- non-academic own representative in mation exchange within the applied career opportunities for mathemati- Washington, DC, starting in January and computational mathematics com- cians; and the application of mathe- 2001, to speak on behalf of its mem- munity. Because of the decreasing job matics in nonacademic environments. bers regarding the needs of the mathe- opportunities for graduate and doctor- matical community and the impor- al level mathematicians due, in part, tance of research in the areas of to a down-sizing trend in American applied mathematics and computa- companies, SIAM held a third Forum tional science. on Industrial and Applied Mathematics in July 1994, immediately preceding its annual meeting, to discuss the industrial job market.

SIAM Washington representative Mel Ciment (center) meets with (from left) Tony Chan, Steve Ashby, Mac Hyman and Gil Strang. 13

CHAPTER 5 MEETINGS, CONFERENCES, AND WORKSHOPS

For fifty years, SIAM’s meetings, conferences and workshops have provided members with a broad view of the state of the art in applied mathematics and the computational sciences and their applications. SIAM’s 1998 annual meeting in Toronto, Canada.

National Meetings structure for planning these national Since holding its first national meeting After holding its first national meet- meetings. This program format contin- in 1954, SIAM has used this forum to ing in Pittsburgh in December 1954, ued until 1982, when SIAM tested the provide members with a broad view of SIAM embarked on a policy of regularly idea of holding one national meeting the state of the art in applied mathemat- staging two meetings per year that per year. That year’s very successful ics, computational science, and their would appeal to the entire membership meeting celebrated SIAM’s 30th applications through invited presenta- and attract a much broader audience. anniversary and was held at Stanford tions, prize lectures, minisymposia, short Within the next two years, SIAM also University. The organizing committee of courses and contributed papers and co-sponsored several national meetings SIAM’s 30th anniversary meeting was posters. At these meetings, SIAM’s mem- across the country with other national chaired by Gene Golub. This meeting bers have also been able to join their mathematics- and science-oriented also marked the beginning of what has peers and leading experts in the field to organizations. In March 1959, SIAM become a standard feature of subsequent exchange ideas and to expand their per- established a committee to develop a SIAM meetings– the minisymposia. sonal and professional networks. 14

SIAM INSTITUTE FOR TOPICAL CONFERENCES MATHEMATICS AND SOCIETY

In 1972, Donald L. Thomsen, Jr., a past-president and then chair of the SIAM board, organized an invitation-only conference at Arden House in Harriman, New York on what SIAM should be doing about government problems such as ecology, epidemiology, environ- mental health, energy, urban planning, and population analysis. Others at the meeting who shared Thomsen’s concern about SIAM's future included Hirsh Cohen, Mark Kac, Brockway McMillan and Ed Block. An outcome of the conference was the establishment, in late 1972, of the SIAM Institute for Mathematics and Society Attendees at the 1964 Gatlinburg Conference included (from left) James Wilkinson, (SIMS), a legal entity independ- Wallace Givens, George Forsythe, Alston Householder, Peter Henrici and Fritz Bauer. ent of SIAM, but with a common board. Thomsen became its For the past forty years, SIAM has ORNL, with funds provided by the President and Executive Director. organized focused-topic conferences to U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and Some projects of SIMS present research in applied and compu- the National Science Foundation. The included the research applica- tational mathematics and applications. first symposium was held in April 1961. tions workshops; the transplant Some of the topics covered at these program; the organization of The first issue of the SIAM JOURNAL meetings have included: computer and symposia at AAAS and SIAM ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS was formed communications networks, combus- meetings; the initiation of soci- from papers from Gatlinburg II. SIAM tion, modeling of materials, bioremedi- etal research projects largely at managed the administrative matters for ation, and discrete algorithms in com- Stanford and Columbia the first five Gatlinburg meetings. puter science. Many of SIAM’s activity Universities, using funds pro- After Householder retired from the groups also organize their own confer- vided by EPA, NSF and other ORNL, the name of the series was federal agencies; and the ences. It was through these focused changed from the Gatlinburg to the stand-alone conferences on conferences that SIAM helped to Householder symposia. The SIAM societal problems. demonstrate that many societal prob- Activity Group on Linear Algebra lems could be solved through various In 1986, after several years remains as a cooperating society in the methods of applied mathematics. of discussion, the SIAM and organization of the series. SIMS boards decided it would be in the best interests of both The Gatlinburg Symposia In 1974, SIAM began a series of organizations to terminate their When the first large computers conferences under the auspices of relationship. The termination became available in the 1950s, SIMS (see sidebar on left). took effect in late 1986. researchers at the Oak Ridge National Thomsen contin- Laboratory (ORNL) were among the ued as president leaders in the development of tools for of SIMS using the numerical linear algebra. Alston name Societal Householder, who went on to serve as Institute of the Mathematical SIAM’s President in 1963-1964, con- Sciences. vinced the society to co-sponsor a symposium on matrix computation in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, along with the 15

CHAPTER 6 SIAM’S JOURNALS FULFILL A MISSION

SIAM’s publication of its first journal in September 1953 marked the start of the society’s successful efforts to fulfill its founders’ mission. A meeting of the managing editors of SIAM’s journals in the early 1990s.

One of the primary objectives for Russian Translation Project Journal on organizing SIAM was to provide media In 1957, SIAM received a substan- Control and Optimization for the exchange of information and ideas tial, three-year grant from the In the summer of 1959, SIAM– in between mathematicians and other tech- National Science Foundation to conjunction with the AMS and the nical and scientific personnel, and the translate into English the first four MAA– sponsored a national meeting society has been very successful in ful- volumes (1956-1959) of the leading and symposium on control systems. One filling this mission. While the subject Soviet quarterly journal on probabili- year following this meeting, some of matter of SIAM’s journal publications ty and statistics– Teoriya Veroyatnostei SIAM’s members proposed starting a vary, they share a common goal– to i ee Primeneniya. This became the SIAM journal introduce new mathematical tech- journal on the Theory of Probability on control the- niques; demonstrate new applications and Its Applications, and continues to ory. The first for mathematics; and call attention to be published by SIAM. The purpose issue of the areas in which there is a need for math- of the program was to make these JOURNAL OF ematical development. Currently, journals available in their entirety to THE SOCIETY SIAM publishes eleven peer-reviewed American mathematicians, engineers FOR INDUSTRIAL journals, including an all-electronic, and physicists. SIAM hired Natascha AND APPLIED multi-media journal, and plans on Artin Brunswick, of the Courant MATHEMATICS releasing another next year. Institute of Mathematical Sciences, SERIES A: SIAM began publishing its journals to edit the copy. The first of the CONTROL was electronically in 1997. Because the translations was issued in 1959. After released in electronic articles are published on nearly forty years 1962. John Bertram served as the jour- the website in their final form, these of continuous nal’s first managing editor. After the first papers are able to be cited in litera- service to this issue, Lucien Neusteadt became the ture and included in the author’s list translation proj- managing editor. In 1966, this journal of publications. With this new plan, ect, in 1997, was re-named the SIAM JOURNAL ON SIAM’s electronic subscribers bene- SIAM presented a CONTROL, and in 1976, the SIAM fitted from the fact that new Certificate of JOURNAL ON CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION. research results were disseminated to Appreciation to Over the past 40 years, this journal has them far earlier than the printed Brunswick. contained research articles on the math- version. Each of SIAM’s journals has ematics and applications of control the- its own descriptive home page on ory and on those parts of optimization the SIAM website. theory concerned with the dynamics of deterministic or stochastic systems. 16

Journal on Numerical Analysis vative analyti- originally issued quarterly, it is now print- In October 1964, Cornelius Lanczos cal techniques ed bimonthly. Philip M. Lewis, II was wrote in the to treat prob- this journal’s first managing editor. introduction to lems in the the first issue natural sci- Journal on Scientific Computing of the JOURNAL ences. Papers The first issue of the SIAM JOURNAL OF THE featured in the ON SCIENTIFIC AND STATISTICAL SOCIETY FOR journal have COMPUTING appeared in March 1980. INDUSTRIAL been primarily Aimed at the broad audience of applied AND APPLIED analytical and mathematicians, computational numer- MATHEMATICS have employed ical analysts SERIES B: mathematical methods in such areas as and practition- NUMERICAL partial differential equations, the calcu- ers concerned ANALYSIS that lus of variations, functional analysis, with scientific the need for such a journal could approximation theory, harmonic or computation, “....hardly be overrated. With the ever wavelet analysis or dynamical systems. this journal has increasing demand for the big electronic Frank W. J. Olver served as this jour- focused on the computers the temptation is ever pres- nal’s first managing editor. techniques, ent to put problems on the machine methodologies without the proper analytical prepara- Journal on Computing and computation.” In 1966, the journal was re- By the late 1960s, there was an increas- tional insights named the SIAM JOURNAL ON ing interchange of ideas across many necessary for NUMERICAL ANALYSIS. Then, as now, this mathematical disciplines in which com- scientific computing, including the journal has continued to present puter-oriented concepts served as a unify- design of computer programs. Gene research articles on the development and ing thread. Recognizing that many of the Golub was this journal’s first managing analysis of numerical methods. Its first foundations of computer science were editor. The premier issue of this journal managing editor was T. N. E. Greville. derived from a wide spectrum of mathe- was dedicated to James Hardy matical disciplines, in March 1972, SIAM Wilkinson, an innovator in scientific Journal on Applied Mathematics published the first issue of the SIAM computing who was well known for his In January 1966, the JOURNAL OF THE JOURNAL ON COMPUTING. Since its incep- fundamental contributions to numerical SOCIETY FOR INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED tion, this journal has contained a variety linear algebra and roundoff error analy- MATHEMATICS became the SIAM Journal of research arti- sis. In 1993, this journal became on Applied Mathematics. On this date, the cles on the known as the SIAM JOURNAL ON editors were K. J. Arnold, I. E. Block, R. application of SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING. Although this A. Good and A. S. Householder. mathematics to journal began as a quarterly publica- the problems of tion, it is now printed bimonthly. Journal on computer sci- Mathematical Analysis ence and the Journal on Algebraic First issued in February 1970, the non-numerical and Discrete Methods SIAM JOURNAL ON MATHEMATICAL aspects of com- Starting in the late 1970s, there was ANALYSIS has featured research articles puting. Though an increasing interest in the applied areas of the highest quality, employing inno- this journal was of discrete mathematics. This spawned a

SIAM published the In March 1972, the first volume in its society published its SIMS proceedings first issue of the in 1974. ▼1972 JOURNAL ON COMPUTING. ▼1974 ▼1976

▲1973 ▲1975 In January 1976, I. Edward Block SIAM published its first volume in the became SIAM’s CBMS series in 1972. Managing Director. 17

relatively new Journal on Discrete Mathematics Journal on Applied community of The SIAM JOURNAL ON DISCRETE Dynamical Systems applied mathe- MATHEMATICS was launched in February Appropriately enough, in its fiftieth maticians and 1988, and continued the society’s focus anniversary year, SIAM marked another engineers who on the growing field of discrete mathe- important milestone– the release of its were working matics, which served as an important first all-electronic journal. The SIAM in applied areas link between JOURNAL ON APPLIED DYNAMICAL of combina- mathematics SYSTEMS, which made its debut in April torics, discrete and computer 2002, uses color, optimization, science and animated visuali- linear algebra offered imme- zation and inter- and graph theory. diate applica- nal linking to enhance the Consequently, the SIAM JOURNAL ON tions to engi- presentation of ALGEBRAIC AND DISCRETE METHODS was neering, the developed in March 1980 to increase physical sci- research articles the society’s support of research efforts ences and on the mathe- in discrete areas and to replace that por- social and matical analysis and modeling of tion of the SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED behavioral sci- dynamical sys- MATHEMATICS that was devoted to ences. W.T. Trotter was the first manag- them. Daniel J. Kleitman was this quar- ing editor of this quarterly journal. tems and its application to the physical, terly journal’s first managing editor. engineering and life sciences. Martin Journal on Optimization Golubitsky is the journal’s editor-in-chief. Journal on Matrix The SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZATION Analysis and Applications made its debut in February 1991, with Journal on Multiscale Modeling In late 1987, SIAM’s governing bodies John Dennis, Jr. serving as this quarterly and Simulation SIAM is scheduled to release another authorized the JOURNAL ON ALGEBRAIC journal’s managing editor. Its first issue journal– MULTISCALE MODELING AND AND DISCRETE METHODS to be divided was dedicated to George Dantzig, whose into two separate publications: the work was very influential in the develop- SIMULATION– in early 2003. In comment- ing about SIAM’s newest journal publica- SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS ment of opti- tion, Thomas Hou, its founding editor-in- AND APPLICATIONS and the JOURNAL ON mization theory. chief, stressed that multiscale modeling is DISCRETE MATHEMATICS. The former Since then, the appeared in January 1988. Its first issue journal has con- highly interdisciplinary with developments was dedicated to Hans Schneider whose tained research occurring independently across fields. thirty years of research, leadership and articles on the Because domain journals are often results- teaching made a great impact on the theory and oriented, they give little details about the development of linear algebra and matrix practice of opti- methods presented. Consequently, multi- theory. This journal has focused on lin- mization, with scale descriptions are nowhere near their ear algebra with an emphasis on applica- an emphasis on potential level of impact, including in tions and numerical procedures. Gene optimization education and industry. This latest journal Golub was this journal’s first managing theory, algo- has been created to remedy the fragmenta- editor. It is currently published quarterly. rithms, software, computational practice tion, serving as a single, broad, authorita- and applications. tive source for new results in this area.

SIAM and the In July, 1980, SIAM’s first Mathematical SIAM moved its student chapter Programming Society headquarters was formed at the The first volume of established the to 117 South University of STUDIES IN APPLIED AND George B. Dantzig 17th Street in Washington in the NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS Prize in 1979. Philadelphia. spring of 1976. ▼1978 was released in 1979. ▼1980

▲1977 Around 1978, SIAM ▲1979 The society launched ▲1981 initiated its focused- In 1979, SIAM instituted the JOURNAL ON conference program its Prize in Numerical SCIENTIFIC AND SIAM established to concentrate on Analysis and Scientific STATISTICAL COMPUTING procedures for the timely topics in Computing, which was re- and the JOURNAL ON formation of activity applied and compu- named in 1987 to honor ALGEBRAIC AND DISCRETE groups in November tational mathematics. James H. Wilkinson. METHODS in March 1980. 1980. A. Hoffman, M. Mannos, D. Sokolowsky, N. Wiegmann L. Trevisan, G. B. Sorkin, M. Sudan, D. P. Williamson Computational Experience in Solving Linear Programs. Gadgets, Approximation, and Linear Programming SIAM J. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math. 1, 1953 17-33. SIAM J. Comp. 29 6, April 2000 2074-2097

P.C. Gilmore A. BarNoy, S. Guha, J. Naor, B. Schieber Optimal and Suboptimal Algorithms for the Quadratic Assignment Problem. Message Multicasting in Heterogeneous Networks SIAM J. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math. 10, 2, June 1962, 305-13. SIAM J. Computing 30 2, June 2000 347-358

E. R. Barnes, A. J. Hoffman S. Khanna, M. Sudan, L. Trevisan, D. P. Williamson On Transportation Problems with Upper Bounds on Leading Rectangles. The Approximability of Constraint Satisfaction Problems SIAM J.Algebraic and Discrete Math. 6, 3, July 1985, 487-96. SIAM J. Comp. 30 6, March 2001 1863-1920

E. L. Johnson, S. Mosterts A. Bar-Noy, S. Guha, J. Naor, B. Schieber On Four Problems in Graph Theory Approximating the Throughput of Multiple Machines in Real-Time Scheduling SIAM J.Algebraic and Discrete Math. 8 2, April 1987, 163-85 SIAM J. Comp. 31 2, October 2001 331-52

R. E. Gomory, T. C. Hu E. R. Barnes Multi-Terminal Network Flows A Geometrically Convergent Algorithm for Solving Optimal Control Problems SIAM J. Appl. Math. 9 4, December 1961 551-70 SIAM J. Control 10 3, April 1972 434-43

W. E. Donath J. R. Birge, S. Takriti Statistical Properties of the Placement of a Graph Successive Approximations of Linear Control Models SIAM J. Appl. Math 16 2, March 1968 439-57 SIAM J. Contr. Optimiz. 37 1, 1998 165-176

D. Coppersmith, E. Grossman U. Faigle, A.J. Hoffman, W. Kern Generators for Certain Alternating Groups with Applications to Cryptography A Characterization of Non-Negative Box-Greedy Matrices SIAM J. Appl. Math. 29 4, December 1975 624-7 SIAM J. Discrete Math. 9 1, Februrary 1996 1-6

L. S-Y. Wu, D. Coppersmith, S. Phillips A Dynamic Theory for the Class of Games with Nonempty Cores On a Question of Erdos on Subsequence Sums SIAM J. Appl. Math. 32 2, 1977 328-38 SIAM J. Discrete Math. 9 2, May 1996 173-177

M. Henderson, H. B. Keller, D. Coppersmith, U. Feige, J. Shearer Complex Bifurcation From Real Paths Random Walks on Regular and Irregular Graphs SIAM J. Appl. Math. 50 2, April 1990 460-82 SIAM J. Discrete Math. 9 2, May 1996 301-308

C. Boergers, C. Greengard, E. Thomann M. X. Goemans, D. P. Williamson The Diffusion Limit of Free Molecular Flow in Thin Domains Two-Dimensional Gantt Charts and a Scheduling algorithm of Lawler SIAM J. Appl. Math. 52 4, August 1992 1057-75 SIAM J. Discrete Math. 13 3, 2000 281-294

C. H. Bennett A. Ageev, R. Hassin, M. I. Sviridenko Time Space Tradeoffs for Reversible Computation A 0.5-Approximation Algorithm for MAX DICUT with Given Sizes of Parts SIAM J. Computing 18 4, August 1989 766-76 SIAM J. Discrete Math. 14 2, 2001 246-255

Y. Mansour, B. Schieber , P. Tiwari D. Coppersmith, T. J. Rivlin Lower Bounds for Computations with the Floor Operation The Growth of Polynomials Bounded at Equally Spaced Points SIAM J. Computing 20 2, April 1991 315-27 SIAM J. Math. Analysis 23 4, 1992 970-83

D. B. Shmoys, J. Wein, D. P. Williams T. J. Rivlin Scheduling Parallel Machines Online A Property of the Ratio of Trigonometric Polynomials SIAM J. Comp. 24 6, December 1995 1313-1331 SIAM J. Math. Analysis 1, 1964 131-2

U. Schwiegelshohn, W. Ludwig, J. L. Wolf, J. Turek, P. S. Yu F. Barahona Smart SMART Bounds for Weighted Response Time Scheduling Network Design Using Cut Inequalities SIAM J. Comp. 28 1, January 1999 237-253 SIAM J. Optimz. 6 3, August 1996 823-837

P. Raghavan, E. Upfal P. Heidelberger Stochastic Contention Resolution with Short Delays Discrete Event Simulations and Parallel Processing: Statistical Properties SIAM J. Comp. 28 2, 1999 709-719 SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comp. 9 6, November 1988 1114-32

G. Even, J. Naor, S. Rao, B. M. Schieber C. L. Berman Fast Approximate Graph Patritioning Algorithms Grid-Multipole Calculations SIAM J. Comp. 28 6, 1999 2187-2214 SIAM J. Sci. Comp. 16 5, September 1995 1082-91

A. Aggarwal, D. Coopersmith, S. Khanna, R. Motwani, B. Schieber P. Wolfe The Angular-Metric Traveling Salesman Problem Convergence Conditions for Ascent Methods SIAM J. Computing 29 3, January 2000 697-711 SIAM J.Soc. Ind. Appl. Math. Review 11 2, April 1969 226-35

T. Kimbrel, A. R. Karlin J. J. Dongarra, F. G. Gustavson , A. Karp Near-Optimal Parallel Prefetching and Caching Implementing Linear Algebra Algorithms for Dense Matrices on a Vector SIAM J. Computing 29 4, March 2000 1051-1082 SIAM J. Soc. Ind. Appl. Math. Review 26 1, 1984 91-112

A Half Century of Partnership ®

The citations on this page reflect only a sampling of SIAM publications by IBM authors 19

CHAPTER 7 THE BOOK PUBLISHING PROGRAM

The successful release of its first book in 1956 prompted SIAM to launch a book publishing program in 1961.

First Published Book over 100 vol- SIAM published its first umes in this book– A SURVEY OF series, and they TRAINING AND RESEARCH IN are available in APPLIED MATHEMATICS IN a wide variety THE UNITED STATES in of formats, 1956. A committee of the including National Research Council, bound books, headed by F. Joachim Weyl, CD-ROMs Just as SIAM’s venture into producing conducted this survey with the assis- and on-line journals has met with success, so too, has tance of the American Mathematical versions. These include, for example, a its comprehensive book publishing pro- Society. More than 2,500 copies of this series of proceedings of the Joint ACM- gram in applied and computational math- (soft cover) report were distributed. The SIAM Symposium on Discrete ematics. Guided by its founders’ mandate, success of this project provided the Algorithms, which has been running SIAM’s book program is aimed at making impetus for SIAM to launch its formal annually since 1990. relevant research results accessible to a book publication program in 1961. broad audience by publishing high- CBMS-NSF Regional Conference quality, affordable books that explain or Series in Series in Applied Mathematics apply these results to areas in industry Applied Mathematics Premiers Three years later, in 1972, SIAM and science that are of interest to the Because applied mathematics had launched its CBMS-NSF REGIONAL society’s membership. This program been moving toward greater and greater CONFERENCE SERIES, based on the ten includes the publication of books that specialization, in 1961 SIAM began lectures given by the principal speaker at promote the interaction between mathe- publishing its Series in Applied one of the regional conferences in matics and other disciplines such as engi- Mathematics to make its members aware applied mathematics hosted by the neering, science and computing, and of the increasingly diverse methods and Conference Board of the Mathematical works in disciplines where mathematical applications of mathematics. Rudolph Sciences and funded by the National models are just beginning to develop. F. Drenick served as its editor. Science Foundation. In documenting Another goal of this program has been to these lectures by outstanding mathe- reach beyond SIAM’s core membership to Proceedings in maticians, SIAM has been able to intro- encompass the interests of potential mem- Applied Mathematics duce researchers to new developments in bers such as engineers, statisticians, and In 1969, SIAM started to publish select topics of current interest and to stimu- scientists working in fields such as medi- proceedings of its own and other leading late more research in important areas of cine, geophysics and materials science. conferences on topics that reflected the applied mathematics. Since its initial latest techniques in applied mathematics publication, the series has grown to 75 and computer science. There are currently titles and has sold over 178,000 books. 20

Studies in Applied and the concept of multiple authors the first editor-in-chief of the series since Numerical Mathematics proved difficult to sustain, and SIAM he had ties to both organizations. The The first volume of SIAM’s discontinued the series in the late first book in this series was published in STUDIES IN APPLIED AND NUMERICAL 1980s. In 1998, SIAM reinstituted 1997. These MATHEMATICS series was released in the Frontiers series, again focusing on books have 1979. Written by researchers for cutting edge topics in science and included tuto- researchers, this series has provided applied mathematics. rials, surveys, comprehensive, authoritative refer- or expository ences and surveys on broadly Classics in Applied Mathematics works written defined, interdisciplinary topics in Starting in 1988, SIAM began for statisticians, applied mathematics such as soliton republishing valuable texts that were mathemati- theory, Fourier analysis, elasticity, allowed to go out of print by their cians, engineers electrodiffusion of ions, and linear original publishers. These CLASSICS IN and operations viscoelasticity. APPLIED MATHEMATICS are books that researchers. continue to be important resources for Frontiers in applied math- Mathematical Modeling and Applied Mathematics ematicians Computation Series In 1983, under the leadership of and other pro- As part of its MATHEMATICAL founding fessionals. The MODELING AND COMPUTATION SERIES, editor-in- editorial board SIAM has chief, H. T. of these published Banks, SIAM Classics active- numerous inaugurated a ly seeks input monographs series of from SIAM on wide rang- monographs, members for ing topics, FRONTIERS IN texts worthy including APPLIED of inclusion in inverse scatter- MATHEMATICS, the series. To date, forty classics have ing, ill posed to focus on been republished. The series’ editor is problems, fluid the latest Robert E. O’Malley, Jr. mechanics and advances in mathematics research and image recon- its relationship to new and exciting ASA-SIAM Series struction. The first book in the series, areas of scientific change. Each vol- In 1993, Dr. Barbara Bailar, then WAVELETS: A MATHEMATICAL TOOL FOR ume in the series focused on a specific Executive Director of the American SIGNAL ANALYSIS, by Charles K. Chui, hot topic in applied mathematics and Statistical Association (ASA), and I. E. appeared in 1997. Through this series, its consisted of chapters solicited from Block, then Managing Director of SIAM, authors have presented topical mathe- distinguished scientists and applied developed the idea for a joint book series matical and computational methods, and mathematicians who contributed their that would serve the needs of the statis- have introduced applied mathematicians articles. With the active involvement tics and mathematics communities. Their to modern scientific and engineering of the editorial board, the series pro- vision was for a series of affordable, high applications. duced several excellent volumes, but quality monographs and graduate level textbooks. Dr. Donald P. Gaver served as

In 1985, SIAM published the SIAM’s first activity Rheinboldt Report, Future Directions SIAM’s activity group group– on Linear in Computational Mathematics, on Optimization began Algebra– was In 1983, SIAM inaugurated Algorithms, and Scientific Software, formal operations in formally established its book series, FRONTIERS which lead to the High Performance January, 1986. ▼1982 in July 1982. IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS. ▼1984 Computing initiative. ▼1986

▲1983 SIAM’s approved the formation ▲1985 The Richard C. DiPrima SIAM held a record-setting, of activity groups in Discrete Prize was established in international celebration to mark Mathematics and in December 1985 to com- the society’s 30th anniversary on Supercomputing in July 1984. memorate the former the campus of Stanford SIAM president. University in July, 1982. 21

Software, Environments and Tools published its first volume in 1998, was Mathematical The SOFTWARE, ENVIRONMENTS AND to survey the state-of-the-art and Programming TOOLS series, begun in 1995 by editor- progress in this field, and to promote its Society in-chief Jack development. Peter Hammer has served approached Dongarra, has as the series’ editor-in-chief. SIAM as a nat- included more ural scientific than a dozen Advances in Design and Control and publishing monographs In 1998, SIAM inaugurated its SERIES partner in this and software ON ADVANCES IN DESIGN AND CONTROL, endeavor, and guides on the publishing texts and monographs dealing the series got practical imple- with all areas of design and control and off to a strong start. mentation of their applications. Some topics covered in computational the series have included shape optimiza- Evidence of Progress methods, envi- tion, robust control, nonlinear program- In the early 1990s, SIAM recognized ronments and tools. Some of these texts ming methods for optimal control and that there was a growing demand for its were previously published by SIAM and nonlinear con- books outside the United States, so the were adopted into this series because of trol. This series society began a their relevance to its subject areas. Since has focused on more vigorous its inception, more than 9,000 books both mathemati- marketing effort. from this series have been sold to read- cal and compu- As a result, the ers around the world. tational aspects SIAM book pro- of engineering gram has become Monographs on Discrete design and con- more visible than Mathematics and Applications trol. Its goal has ever, not only in Several factors been the devel- the United States, but around the world combined to gen- opment of text- as well. By 1997, SIAM’s database of erate tremendous books and research monographs that are individuals, libraries, bookstores and research in the usable in a wide variety of scientific and agents interested in its books reached area of discrete engineering disciplines. the 50,000 mark, with 24,000 pertain- mathematics ing to mathematicians and scientists liv- including the MPS-SIAM Series on Optimization ing outside the U.S. Since 1961, SIAM attractiveness of The MPS-SIAM SERIES ON has also published textbooks, tutorials, combinatorial OPTIMIZATION was begun in 2000 to case studies, general interest books and problems; the provide the optimization community a variety of other stand-alone books increasing use of with an outlet for attractively produced, that are published without association combinatorial algorithms as computa- high-quality books at all levels of with any other SIAM series. There are tional tools; and the presence of combi- sophistication. The series is aimed at currently more than 75 books in this natorial models in a surprising variety advancing optimization research and category, with a combined total of over of practical areas. The goal of SIAM’s encouraging the integration of opti- 145,000 sales to date. SIAM publishes MONOGRAPHS ON DISCRETE mization into all areas of applied math- about 25 books annually. MATHEMATICS AND APPLICATIONS, which ematics and operations research. The

An activity SIAM co-sponsored the The SIAM JOURNAL group on First International In July 1989, SIAM moved SIAM hosted the Second ON DISCRETE Control and Congress on Industrial into its new offices at 3600 ICIAM in Washington, DC in MATHEMATICS Systems and Applied Mathematics Science Center, in July 1991, and more than 2000 premiered in Theory was (ICIAM) in Paris, on June Philadelphia, and also estab- mathematicians, computa- February 1988. formed in 29-July 3, 1987. lished an activity group on tional scientists, engineers July 1986. ▼1988 Geometric Design. ▼1990 and scientists attended.

▲1987 By the end of ▲1989 SIAM approved ▲1991 1986, SIAM had SIAM’s activity group on the formation of SIAM’s activity group In July 1986, I. Edward Block admitted over 900 Dynamical Systems was an activity group on Geosciences was became the first recipient of SIAM’s new members– a formed in July, 1988. on Orthogonal organized in July, 1991. Distinguished Service to the record breaker! Polynomials and Profession Award. Geometric Design in 1990. 22

CHAPTER 8 COMMITMENT TO EDUCATION

Since its founding, SIAM has taken countless steps to improve the mathematics and science education received by the nation’s students, at all levels of study. University of Washington Chapter of SIAM in 1986.

From making its first donation to a students with applied mathematics and submit a petition to form a university national science scholarship fund in its role in the industrial setting; to chapter. SIAM’s university chapters 1955, to its establishment of the motivate them to consider careers in have sponsored various activities for Graduate Student Focus on Diversity the profession; and to afford students the benefit of its student members, Workshop, forty years later, SIAM’s of smaller, less centrally located col- including talks on applied and indus- efforts to improve the state of educa- leges with the opportunity to learn trial mathematics, sessions on career tion in the United States have benefit- about modern advances in math and opportunities in industry and govern- ted thousands of students. This chap- science. Although nearly 100 lectures ment, student paper presentations, ter traces the evolution of SIAM’s were given annually, budget con- best paper contests and problem semi- commitment to education over the straints forced curtailment of activities nars. These chapters have also provid- past half-century, and demonstrates in 1984. SIAM was able to reinstitute ed students with an excellent entree that education remains a top priority this program in September 1992. Now into professional activities and a for the association. known as SIAM’s Visiting Lecturer bridge to active participation in SIAM Program, its scope was augmented in after graduation. Visiting response to an increased interest gener- Lectureship ated by the program’s speakers. Student Papers Program Starting at its spring meeting in In University Chapters Form Alexandria, Virginia in June 1980, September From the time it was founded, SIAM 1960, SIAM membership in SIAM has been avail- offered launched its able to academic institutions. To several Visiting encourage and accommodate the con- Lectureship interests of college students studying tributed Program. With mathematics, SIAM established proce- paper the dures to sessions National Science Foundation allow rep- for grad- SIAM President Margaret Wright (NSF) subsidizing travel expenses resentatives uate stu- with the 1996 winners of the and providing other financial sup- of any uni- dents in society’s Student Paper Prize. port, SIAM was able to bring versity applied applied mathematicians and scien- holding an mathematics. This program has given tists to speak at colleges and uni- academic these students the chance to obtain versities nationwide on topics of member- experience in presenting papers and current interest. The program had Gil Proctor (right) with students ship in the interacting with other members of the several goals: to familiarize college of the Clemson University society to applied mathematics community, Chapter of SIAM in 1979. 23 regardless of their work. SIAM has Promoting the Importance of National Mathematics continued to encourage student Applications to Teachers Awareness Week papers and posters. In 1989, SIAM Realizing that students often develop In April 1986, at the National initiated a Student Paper Prize. their interests in a particular subject Museum of American History, U.S. due to the enthusiasm of their teachers, Senator Pete Dominici kicked-off the Spreading SIAM made several efforts throughout first National Mathematics Awareness the Message the 1970s and 1980s to acquaint high Week with a tour of the museum’s In the early school mathematics and science teach- mathematics exhibit. Dominici spon- 1980s, SIAM ers with the career opportunities avail- sored the bill, calling for this special was receiving able in these fields. For instance, in week to draw attention to the numer- hundreds of Norfolk, Virginia in November 1983, ous exciting fields that depend upon requests from SIAM convened a panel mathematics school coun- session to consider how research. selors and stu- to motivate high school Passage of dents (from students to study mathe- the bill high school matics and science. would not and beyond) have been Similarly, at its 1984 about careers in successful Annual Meeting, held in the mathematical sci- without the July in Seattle, SIAM ences. Prompted by support of honored eight high this interest, SIAM’s mathemati- school teachers for their Education cians from excellence in teaching. U.S. Senator Pete Dominici (left) during Committee, headed across the These teacher awards the kick-off of National Mathematics by Gil Proctor, country, were funded by compa- Awareness Week. launched a project to including nies such as IBM, Exxon, develop two booklets members of SIAM, who wrote to their Boeing, and GM. At this meeting, to explain the scope and potential of Congressional representatives, urging SIAM also tried a program for high careers in applied mathematics. Aimed its passage. Many members of SIAM’s school teachers, giving them an oppor- at high school students and college Drexel University Chapter also partici- tunity to participate in a forum with underclassmen, Careers in Applied pated in this effort by soliciting signa- industry representatives; to view a film Mathematics introduced students to tures from faculty and students. series on careers in mathematics; and the extraordinary range of work done Congress passed the resolution in less to attend a panel discussion about by applied mathematicians in business, than three months. government and academic environ- solving problems in industry. ments, and discussed the academic SIAM has continued to sponsor Student Travel Fund preparation required by students who workshops for teachers at its Annual In 1991, a group of SIAM authors– intended to pursue careers in mathe- Meetings and locally for teachers in the Jack Dongarra, Iain Duff, Danny matics and the computer sciences. This Philadelphia area. Sorensen and Henk van der Vorst– booklet was completed in the spring of assigned all royalties from their book– 1982 and recently redesigned. The Solving Linear Systems on Vector and other booklet, Profiles in Applied Shared Memory Computers– to establish Mathematics, described the role of the SIAM Student Travel Fund. This applied mathematics within specific fund has been used to help students industrial concerns, attend SIAM meetings. Since its government agencies endowment, dozens of other SIAM and national authors have followed this lead and laboratories. donated their royalties to the fund, allowing hundreds of students to participate in meetings which they other- wise could not have attended. SIAM luncheon in Subsequently, SIAM initiated a pro- 1984 honoring gram to allow all members to con- high school teachers. tribute at the time of renewal. 24

SIAM AWARD GRADUATE STUDENT FOCUS IN THE ON IVERSITY ORKSHOP MATHEMATICAL CONTEST D W IN MODELING

In 1988, SIAM established an award to participants in the Mathematical Contest in Modeling (MCM). A prize is awarded to two undergraduate student teams that, in the opinion of the SIAM graders, submit the best solutions to the two problems presented in the contest. Each winning, three-member student team receives a certificate and each student on the winning team receives a cash award and a three-year student membership in SIAM. Several student participants have attributed their interest in applied mathematics in large part to their experience in the SIAM board member Cleve Moler (second from left) conversing with students and family MCM. By participating in this members at the 1997 Graduate Student Focus on Diversity Workshop. contest as judges, organizers and team advisors, many In October 1995, SIAM initiated and ences, career expectations, and the job members of SIAM have held its first Graduate Student Focus on market. This was such a successful helped to recognize under- Diversity Workshop for underrepresented event that since the 1999 workshop in graduates with talent in minority students during its annual Atlanta, it has become an annual SIAM mathematical modeling. meeting in Charlotte, North Carolina. event. The association’s sixth Graduate Three graduate students from Rice Student Focus on Diversity Workshop was University– Monica Martinez-Canales, held at SIAM’s annual meeting in Pamela Williams and Cassandra Philadelphia in 2002. McZeal– with guidance and support from Professor Richard Tapia, also of Rice, organized the workshop. The goals of the workshop were to send a clear, explicit message of enthusi- astic welcome and support from SIAM to members of Winners of SIAM’s underrepresented groups; to award for the 1990 provide an opportunity for Mathematical Contest minority graduate students in Modeling pose with to present their research at a one of the organizers major scientific meeting; to of the contest, Ben show undergraduate students the pro- Paul Boggs (left) speaking with students at Fusaro (center). fessional opportunities resulting from SIAM’s first Graduate Student Focus on graduate degrees in science and mathe- Diversity Workshop in 1995. matics; and to conduct a frank and candid discussion about school experi- 25

CHAPTER 9 RECOGNIZING EXCELLENCE

The purpose of the society’s awards and prizes is to draw attention to applied mathematics, to increase its prestige, to encourage research of high I. Edward Block (left) being congratulated by Werner Rheinboldt (center) quality in mathematics, and to honor those who and Gene Golub (right) on his receipt of SIAM’s first Prize for Distinguished make an outstanding contribution to these ends. Service to the Profession in 1986. Block was a founder of SIAM and its managing director from 1976 to 1994.

Throughout the past half century, PRIZES FOR RESEARCH, The Theodore von Karman Prize many advances have been made in SERVICE AND OUTREACH The Theodore von Karman Prize, applied mathematics, computing and The John von Neumann Lecture which was established in 1968, is applications. To recognize the contri- awarded every fifth year (generally at In 1959, SIAM announced the butions of dedicated mathematicians the SIAM Annual Meeting), for a establishment of the John von and scientists, and to encourage others notable application of mathematics to Neumann Lecture to honor the mem- in a similar pursuit of excellence, mechanics and/or the engineering sci- ory of this distin- SIAM has established several prizes ences made during the preceding five to guished mathe- and awards over the years. In 1977, ten year period. The award, which matician, who the SIAM Council explained that the includes a cash prize and a certificate, is made significant purpose of the society’s awards and given either for a single notable achieve- contributions to prizes is to draw attention to applied ment or for a collection of such the study of eco- mathematics, to increase its prestige, achievements. As part of the prize cere- nomics, logic and to encourage research of high quality mony, the recipient is asked to present a mathematics and in mathematics, and to honor those lecture. Initial funding for the award the theory of com- who make an outstanding contribu- came from contributions by friends, puting machines. tion to these ends. SIAM prizes colleagues, and The award – given include awards for student research students of in the form of an and for outstanding papers in SIAM Theodore von Kurt O. Friedrichs was honorarium for a journals. Several of the SIAM Karman, whose the SIAM John von lecture – is pre- Activity Groups award their own work in apply- Neumann Lecturer in sented each year at prizes. SIAM’s Major Awards, prizes ing mathemat- 1979. the SIAM Annual named in honor of individual scien- ics to both Meeting to a tists, are listed below. engineering mathematician, or a scientist in anoth- and physics er field, who has made a distinguished was legendary. contribution to pure and/or applied mathematics. In the lecture, the award recipient is invited to survey and eval- Joe Keller (left) and uate a significant and useful contribu- George Carrier (center) tion to mathematics and its applica- accepting the Theodore tions. The prize fund was initially von Karman Prize endowed by the IBM Corporation and from SIAM President Bell Telephone Laboratories. Richard DiPrima in 1979. 26

The James H. Wilkinson The SIAM Prize for Distinguished Prize in Numerical Analysis Service to the Profession and Scientific Computing Instituted by SIAM in 1985, this In order to stimulate research in, prize is in the form of a certificate or other contributions to, numeri- awarded to an applied mathematician cal analysis and scientific comput- who has made distinguished contribu- ing, SIAM, in 1979, instituted a tions to the furtherance of applied Prize in Numerical Analysis and mathematics on the national level. This Scientific Computing. Although prize was to be awarded from time to this prize was designed to encour- time but, starting with the 1997 award, age younger contributors and to is presented every three years. I. Edward SIAM President Margaret Wright and David assist them in their careers, the Block, a founder of SIAM and its Reimer (center) with the 1996 Polya Prize win- prize has no restrictions on eligi- Managing Director from 1976 to 1994, ners, Paul Seymour (left) and Jeffry Kahn. bility. The work recognized must was the first recipient of this prize. have been completed during the Others include SIAM Past Presidents The George Polya Prize six years preceding the award date. Gene H. Golub, Avner Friedman and Established in 1969, the George The prize, which Margaret H. Wright. Polya Prize is awarded every two consists of a cash years in one of two alternating cat- award and an egories: (1) for a notable applica- engraved plaque, tion of combinatorial theory; or is given every (2) for a notable contribution in fourth year, usual- another area of interest to George ly at the SIAM Polya such as approximation theo- Annual Meeting. ry, complex analysis, number theo- As part of the ry, orthogonal polynomials, proba- prize ceremony, bility theory or mathematical dis- the recipient pres- covery and learning. The award is ents a lecture. In made at the SIAM Annual 1987, the award Ronald DeVore (right) congratulates Meeting. Each winner receives an was re-named the James H. Keith Lindsay on receiving the engraved medal and a cash award. Richard C. DiPrima Prize in 2000. The prize was initially endowed by Wilkinson Prize in Numerical Frank Harary and William Tutte, SIAM President Seymour The Richard C. DiPrima Prize who assigned royalties from books. Analysis and Parter presenting Bjorn The Richard C. DiPrima Prize was In 1992, a bequest from Stella Scientific Engquist with the first established in 1986 and is awarded to a Polya allowed the prize to be Computing to James Wilkinson Prize in young scientist for outstanding research expanded in scope. Numerical Analysis and honor the memo- in applied mathematics (defined as Scientific Computing in ry of Wilkinson, those topics covered by SIAM journals). 1982. who died in 1986. To be eligible for the prize, a candidate must have completed the requirements for a doctorate one to three years prior

In 1995, SIAM estab- The society The society’s report lished the I. E. Block premiered its on Mathematics in SIAM established Community Lecture SOFTWARE, Industry was a website– and the Germund ENVIRONMENTS AND released in 1996. www.siam.org– Dahlquist Prize. TOOLS book series ▼1993 in 1994. ▼1995 in 1995. ▼1997

The W.T. and ▲1994 Ed Block retired as In October 1995, ▲1996 Beginning in 1997, Idalia Reid Managing Director of SIAM held its first subscribers to Prize in SIAM in September 1994, Graduate Student In December 1996, a SIAM’s journals Mathematics and he was replaced by Focus on Diversity United Kingdom/ were able to was estab- James Crowley, who was Workshop in Republic of Ireland receive them lished by SIAM named as SIAM’s Charlotte, NC. section of SIAM was electronically. in 1993. Executive Director. formed. 27

to the award date. Selection is based on Meeting, may be awarded either for a each candidate's dissertation, which single notable achievement or a collec- must represent a topic in applied math- tion of such achievements. The award ematics. The prize, which consists of a consists of a cash prize and engraved certificate and a cash award, is present- medal. The prize recipient is required ed every even-numbered year at the to give a lecture as part of the prize SIAM Annual Meeting. The prize was ceremony. The prize fund established to commemorate Richard was endowed by Mrs. Idalia C. DiPrima, a dedicated member of Reid to honor her husband. SIAM, who served the society for many years in varying posts, including The I. E. Block as President, Vice President for Community Lecture Programs, and a member of the The I.E. Block Board and Council. Community Lecture was instituted in 1995 to encour- The Germund Dahlquist Prize age public appreciation of The Germund Dahlquist Prize was the excitement and vitality of established in 1995 and is awarded to a applied mathematics by Richard Tapia (left) receiving the 1999 young scientist (usually under the age reaching out as broadly as I.E. Block Community Lecture Award of 45) for original contributions to possible to students, teachers from SIAM President Gil Strang. fields associated with Germund and members of the local Dahlquist, especially the numerical community, as well as to SIAM mem- solution of differential equations and bers, researchers, and practitioners in numerical methods for scientific com- fields related to applied and computa- puting. The prize is given every two tional mathematics. The lecture is open The Ralph E. Kleinman Prize years at one of the SciCADE confer- to the public and is named in honor of Established in 1998, the Ralph E. ences, an ICIAM conference or the I. Edward Block, a founder of SIAM Kleinman Prize is awarded to one indi- SIAM Annual Meeting. who served as its Managing Director vidual for outstanding research, or for nearly twenty years. other contributions, that bridge the gap The W.T. and Idalia Reid between mathematics and applications. Prize in Mathematics Work that uses high-level mathematics The W.T. and Idalia Reid and/or invents new mathematical tools Prize in Mathematics was estab- to solve applied problems from engi- lished by SIAM in 1993 to rec- neering, science and technology is par- ognize outstanding work in, or ticularly appropriate for the prize. The other contributions to, the value of the work is measured by the broadly defined areas of differ- quality of the mathematics and its ential equations and control impact on the application. Each prize theory. The prize, given every may be given either for a single notable year at the SIAM Annual achievement or for a collection of such

Roger Brockett (right) accepts the Reid Prize from John Burns in 1996.

In 2002, an activity group on Computational Science and Engineering was organized. In 1997, SIAM launched its MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND COMPUTATION In April 2002, the society released its first, SERIES, and also released the first book The MPS-SIAM SERIES all-electronic journal– the SIAM JOURNAL in a collaborative series with the ON OPTIMIZATION was ON APPLIED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS. American Statistical Association. ▼1999 begun in 2000. ▼2001

▲1998 In 1998, SIAM established ▲2000 In January 2001, the ▲2002 the Ralph E. Kleinman Prize, SIAM added two new society established a and premiered its activity groups– in Life representative in SIAM MONOGRAPHS ON DISCRETE Sciences and Imaging Washington, DC to celebrated its MATHEMATICS AND APPLICATIONS. Science– and also represent the inter- 50th Anniversary instituted the Julian Cole ests of its members. in July, 2002. Lectureship in 2000. 28

achievements. Initial funding for this PRIZES AWARDED JOINTLY The Peter Henrici Prize prize, which consists of a certificate and WITH OTHER SOCIETIES Established in 1998, the Peter a cash prize, was made by the family The Norbert Wiener Prize and Henrici Prize is awarded jointly by and friends of Ralph Kleinman. The The George David Birkoff Prize SIAM and Eidgenossische Technische prize is awarded every two years at the These two prizes were established in Hochschule-Zurich (ETHZ) for origi- SIAM Annual Meeting. 1967 and are awarded jointly by nal contributions to applied analysis SIAM and the American and numerical analysis and/or for Mathematical Society (AMS). Both exposition appropriate for applied prizes are currently awarded every mathematics and scientific comput- third year. The Birkhoff Prize started ing. The prize is intended to recog- in 1968 and the Wiener Prize started nize broad and extended contribu- in 1970. Each prize consists of a cash tions to these subjects, more than a award for an outstanding contribution single, outstanding work, and is pre- to applied mathematics in the highest sented every four years at either an and broadest sense. The original funds ICIAM conference or the SIAM for the Birkhoff Prize were donated Annual Meeting. The first presenta- SIAM President Tom Manteuffel (left) by the Birkhoff family, while the tion of the award was made at the presents the 2001 Ralph E. Kleinman Wiener Prize was endowed by the 1999 ICIAM Conference. Prize to William Symes. Mathematics Department of MIT. SIAM ACTIVITY GROUP PRIZES These awards are usually presented at Several activity groups have estab- either the Joint Mathematics Meeting, The Julian Cole Lectureship lished prized for individuals who or at a SIAM meeting. SIAM instituted the Julian Cole make outstanding contributions to Lectureship in 2000 for an outstanding the particular area of research of contribution to the mathematical char- The George B. Dantzig Prize Established in 1979, the George B. interest to its members. In 1987, the acterization and solution of a challeng- Dantzig Prize is awarded jointly by SIAM Activity Group on Linear ing problem in the physical or biologi- SIAM and the Mathematical Algebra became the first activity cal sciences, or in engineering, or for Programming Society (MPS) for orig- group to establish a prize. The SIAM the development of mathematical inal work that, by its breadth and Activity Group on Optimization methods for the solution of such prob- scope, constitutes an outstanding established its prize in 1992, while lems. This award was originally contribution to the field of mathe- the SIAM Activity Group on Control endowed by the students, friends, col- matical programming. The contribu- and Systems Theory established its leagues and family of Julian Cole and is tion recognized by the award must be prize in 1997. Most recently, in 2000, to be given every fourth year at SIAM's publicly available and can be related the SIAM Activity Group on Annual meeting. The first award of the to any aspect of mathematical pro- Dynamical Systems established its lectureship was made at the SIAM gramming in its broadest sense. The J.D. Crawford Prize and its Jürgen 50th Anniversary Meeting in 2002. prize is awarded every three years and Moser Lecture. includes a certificate and a cash prize. The award is presented at the International Symposium of the MPS or, every third time, at the annual meeting of SIAM. 29

CHAPTER 10 LEADERSHIP

Strong, committed and capable leadership is not just an asset to an organization. Rather, having the right individuals lead any association is truly vital to its Some of SIAM’s past presidents gathered for this picture at the society’s 30th success and longevity. anniversary gala celebration in 1982 (standing from left) J. Barkley Rosser, J. Wallace Givens, Burton Colvin and Alston Householder.

PRESIDENTS

SIAM has been fortunate to have had a dedicated, qualified and energetic corps of leaders carefully and successful- ly guiding the association and its membership through the many challenging issues faced throughout the last fifty years, including the unprecedented growth and expansion of the society; the increasing globalization of the William Bradley Donald Houghton Harold Kuhn mathematical and scientific communi- (1952-53) (1953-54) (1954-55) ties; and the rapid growth in technology and science. While the source of the challenges to SIAM may have changed from year to year, its ability to over- come these problems can be traced, in large measure, to the capable officers, trustees and council members who have lead the society since its founding. This chapter is dedicated to all those individuals who have served SIAM and its John Mauchly Thomas Southard Donald Thomsen, Jr. members as officers, trustees, council (1955-56) (1956-58) (1958-59) members and board members.

Brockway McMillan F. Joachim Weyl Robert Rinehart (1959-60) (1960-61) (1961-62) 30

Joseph LaSalle Alston Householder J. Barkley Rosser Garret Birkhoff J. Wallace Givens (1962-63) (1963-64) (1964-66) (1966-68) (1968-70)

Burton Colvin C.C. Lin Herb Keller Werner Rheinboldt Richard DiPrima (1970-72) (1972-74) (1974-76) (1976-78) (1979-80)

Seymour Parter Hirsh Cohen Gene Golub C. William Gear Ivar Stackgold (1981-82) (1983-84) (1985-86) (1987-88) (1989-90)

Robert O'Malley Avner Friedman Margaret Wright John Guckenheimer Gilbert Strang (1991-92) (1993-94) (1995-96) (1997-98) (1999-2000)

Tom Manteuffel James (Mac) Hyman (2001-02) (2003-04) 31

OFFICERS, TRUSTEES AND COUNCIL MEMBERS

Vice President Secretary Brockway McMillan, 1958-60 George Patterson, 1952-55 I. Edward Block, 1952-55 Donald L. Thomsen, 1958-73 Grace M. Hopper, 1952-55 Donald B. Houghton, 1955-59 George S. Webster, 1958-67 Thomas Southard, 1955-56 G. Kaskey, 1959-63 H. H. Bruning, 1959-62 J ohn W. Tukey, 1955-56 W.S. Dorn, 1963-64 Robert F. Rinehart, 1959-62 Brockway McMillan, 1956-59 W.J. Jameson, Jr., 1964-68 F. Joachim Weyl, 1959-62, 1965-77 Donald L. Thomsen, Jr., 1956-58 R.E. Beckett, 1968-71 H. Brooks, 1960-62 F. Joachim Weyl, 1958-60 Jane K. Cullum, 1971-76 M. Ostrofsky, 1960-63 Robert F. Rinehart, 1959-60 Fred S. Roberts, 1976-81 E. Pitcher, 1960-63 Charles R. DeCarlo, 1960-61 Paul W. Davis, 1982-85 N. Levinson, 1961-64 Alston S. Householder, 1961-62 Robert Voigt, 1988-90 Burton H. Colvin, 1962-65 M. Ostrofsky, 1962-63 Peter Castro, 1991-97 Joseph P. LaSalle, 1962-63 I. Edward Block, 1963-74 Gregory Shubin, 1998-2001 Brockway McMillan, 1962-77 W.J. Jameson, Jr., 1969-74 Paul Boggs, 2002- David M. Young, Jr., 1962-65 Jurgen K. Moser, 1971-72 Richard Courant, 1963-66 Herbert B. Keller, 1972-73 Treasurer M. J. Kelley, 1963-66 T.E. Hull, 1973-74 Emil Amelotti, 1952-55 E. R. Piore, 1963-66 Richard C. DiPrima, 1974-77 C. Hammer, 1955-56 W. R. Sears, 1965-68 Gian-Carlo Rota, 1974-75 R. J. Bickel, 1956-61 Alston S. Householder, 1966-72 Armen H. Zemanian, 1974-75 H. M. Gurk, 1961-65 J. Barkley Rosser, 1967-70 Hirsh G. Cohen, 1975-77 R. G. Lamb, 1965-83 A. H. Taub, 1967-70 Werner C. Rheinboldt, 1975-76 Samuel Gubins, 1983- C. C. Lin, 1968-70 William E. Boyce, 1978-81 Original Board of Trustees Hirsh G. Cohen, 1969-75 Joseph B. Keller, 1978-79 Wroe Alderson, 1952-55 Mark Kac, 1969-75 James C.T. Pool, 1979 J. Alfred Benner, 1952-53 I. Edward Block, 1970-76 Jane K. Cullum, 1980-83 John W. Mauchly, 1952-55 George E. Forsythe, 1970-72 James McKenna, 1980-81 Hans A. Rademacher, 1952-55 C. O. Reville, Jr., 1971-74 Fred S. Roberts, 1984-87 George S. Webster, 1952-53 Werner C. Rheinboldt, 1971-76, 1982-90 Shmuel Winograd, 1988-89 R. C. Buck, 1972-74 Margaret Wright, 1990-93 Original Members of Council George F. Carrier, 1973-78 Cleve Moler, 1994-95 Raymond S. Berkowitz, 1952-55 Joseph B. Keller, 1975-78 Thomas Manteuffel, 1996- Heinrich W. Brinkman, 1952-56 E. Bromberg, 1975-79 Alan C. Byers, 1952-56 Maxine L. Rockoff, 1975-79 Vice President, Publications G. Truman Hunter, 1952-55 Ivar Stackgold, 1975-84 H.T. Banks, 1982-85 Donald B. Houghton, 1952-53 N. I. Agin, 1976-79 Robert O'Malley, 1986-90 Robert Jackson, 1952-55 Richard C. DiPrima, 1976-78 C. William Gear, 1991-92 Robert C. James, 1952-53 Eugene Isaacson, 1978-83 Linda Petzold, 1993-98 Robert B. Kleinschmidt, 1952-54 James C. T. Pool, 1978-83 James Hyman, 1999-2002 Harold W. Kuhn, 1952-54 Eric Wolman, 1978-82 Vice President, Programs Samuel S. McNeary, 1952-60 Herbert B. Keller, 1979-81 James McKenna, 1982-85 John H. Ramser, 1952-56 John A. Nohel, 1980-82 James Daniel, 1986-87 Russell Ramage, 1952-55 M.H. Schultz, 1980-82 John Burns, 1988-90 V. Klema, 1981-83 Subsequent Board Members A. Newell, 1981-83 Bart Ng, 1991-97 Cletus O. Oakley, 1953-56 Barbara Lee Keyfitz, 1998- Gene H. Golub, 1982-83 T. K. Sharpless, 1953-55 Seymour V. Parter, 1982 Vice President, Education C. W. Adams, 1955-58 Robert E. O'Malley, 1983-85 (and College & University Activities) J. W. Carr, 1955-57 Jane K. Cullum, 1984-89 James Daniel, 1989-90 Charles DeCarlo, 1955-60 James Glimm, 1984-92 Gil Strang, 1991-96 I. A. Getting, 1955-56 Hans F. Weinberger, 1984-88 Terry Herdman, 1997- H. R. Grosch, 1955-58 Marshall Tulin, 1984-92 G. P. Harnwell, 1955-58 Ettore Infante, 1985-90 Vice President, Industry A. W. Tucker, 1955-57 Martin Kruskal, 1985-90 Claude Greengard, 1999-2000 I. Travis, 1955-56 B. Buzbee, 1985-90 Kirk Jordan, 2001- A. M. Mood, 1956-59 W.F. Miller, 1985-86 Grace M. Hopper, 1957-60 James McKenna, 1986-95 D. S. Saund, 1957-59 John Burns, 1986-88 32

Richard Ewing, 1987-92 Magnus R. Hestenes, 1960-63 (Beginning in 1980, the SIAM officers John Hopfcroft, 1989-93 D. Mittleman, 1960-63 and the chair of the Board became Richard Tapia, 1990-92 Harry Polachek, 1960-63 ex-officio members of the Council.) Mary F. Wheeler, 1990-97 J. Bendat, 1961-64 Julian D. Cole, 1991-94 Richard C. DiPrima, 1961-64; 1969-74 Albert M. Erisman, 1980-83 Bjorn Engquist, 1991-94 H. M. MacNeille, 1961-64 C. William Gear, 1980-85 Avner Friedman, 1991-92 C. Sealander, 1961-64 Robert E. O'Malley, Jr., 1980-82 Jill Mesirov, 1991-95 J. W. Carr, III, 1962-65 James Varah, 1980-83 James M. Hyman, 1993-98 P. E. Hammer, 1962-65 Grace Wahba, 1980-85 Joseph Oliger, 1993-95 F. Joachim Weyl, 1962-65 L. Ridgway Scott, 1981-83 Alexander Chorin, 1993-95 R. F. Clippinger, 1963-66 Lynn O. Wilson, 1981-86 John Guckenheimer, 1994-96 James H. Griesmer, 1963-66 Ettore F. Infante, 1982-83 Charles Peskin, 1994-96 A. G. Oettinger, 1963-66 Nancy Kopell, 1982-84 Cleve Moler, 1996- Bruce E. Hubbard, 1964-67 Joseph Oliger, 1982-85 Francis Sullivan, 1996-2001 T. E. Hull, 1964-73; 1974-80 Andrew J. Callegari, 1983-84 Margaret Cheney, 1997- Herbert B. Keller, 1964-67 Paul N. Swarztrauber, 1983-88 Rosemary Chang, 1997- A. H. Taub, 1964-67 Mary F. Wheeler, 1983-88 Joyce McLaughlin, 1997- V. L. Klee, 1965-68 Kendall E. Atkinson, 1984-89 Michael Overton, 1997- C. C. Lin, 1965-68 L. Pamela Cook, 1984-86; 1991-97 H.T. Banks, 1998- C. H. Wilcox, 1965-68 Stephen H. Davis, 1984-86 Christopher Jones, 1998-2000 Hirsh S. Cohen, 1966-69 John E. Dennis, Jr,. 1985-90 Robert Plemmons, 1998-2000 Jim Douglas, Jr., 1966-69 Robert J. Plemmons, 1985-90 Peter Castro, 1999-2001 John A. Nohel, 1966-69 Robert C. Ward, 1985-87 Margaret Wright, 2000- Armen H. Zemanian, 1966-74 Jack Dongarra, 1986-90 Eric Grosse, 2002- R. E. Beckett, 1967 George C. Papanicolaou, 1986-88 Max Gunzberger, 2002- Robert H. Owens, 1967-70; 1971-74 J. Alan George, 1987-89 Paul Van Dooren, 2002- Werner C. Rheinboldt, 1967-73 Philip John Holmes, 1987-89 F. J. Beutler, 1968-74 Margaret H. Wright, 1987-89 Subsequent Council Members H. J. Greenberg, 1968-72 Linda Petzold, 1988-92 Anthony F. Bartholomay, 1953-56 Lucien W. Neustadt, 1968-71 Melvyn Ciment, 1989-90 Raymond S. Berkowitz, 1953-55 Eric Wolman, 1968-74 Maria Klawe, 1989-90 Heinrich W. Brinkman, 1953-57 J. B. Kruskal, 1969-72 Charles Van Loan, 1989-90 C. Hammer, 1953-56 C. G. Maple, 1968-72 Fan R. K. Chung, 1990-92 G. Truman Hunter, 1953-56 Julian D. Cole, 1970-76 Martin Golubitsky, 1990-95 Robert Jackson, 1953-55 Larry E. Payne, 1970-76 James P. Keener, 1990-95 Robert B. Kleinschmidt, 1953-54 Murray S. Klamkin, 1972-75 Thomas Manteuffel, 1990-95 Harold W. Kuhn, 1953-57 Cleve B. Moler, 1972-75 Marsha J. Berger, 1991-97 Samuel S. McNeary, 1953-61 P. J. Eberlein, 1973-77 Tony F. Chan, 1991-94 G. W. Preston, 1953-56 W. J. Gordon, 1973-77 Rosemary E. Chang, 1991-96 John H. Ramser, 1953-56 Maxine Rockoff, 1973-76 James Demmel, 1991-96 Russell Remage, 1953-55 D. G. M. Anderson, 1974-75 Joyce R. McLaughlin, 1991-94 John W. Tukey, 1954-57 William E. Boyce, 1974-78 Michael L. Overton, 1991-96 P. Brock, 1955-61; 1967-70 Hans F. Weinberger, 1974-78 Robert B. Schnabel, 1994-99 M. M. Flood, 1955-58 Gene H. Golub, 1974-81 Paul T. Boggs, 1995-2000 Mina S. Rees, 1955-58 Juris Hartmanis, 1975-78 Suzanne Lenhart, 1995-2000 L. A. Aroian, 1956-59 D. A. Ludwig, 1975-78 Kathryn Eleda Brenan, 1996-2001 I. Edward Block, 1956-64 James M. Ortega, 1975-78 Eric H. Grosse, 1996-2001 J.H. Curtiss 1956-59 W. M. Gentleman, 1976-79 Nicholas J. Higham, 1996-2001 R. M. Thrall, 1956-59 Simon A. Levin, 1976-79 Lloyd N. Trefethen, 1996-2001 Kenneth J. Arnold, 1957-63 Gilbert Strang, 1976-81 John R. Gilbert, 1997-2002 J. W. Luke, 1957 L. Tornheim, 1976-79 Robert V. Kohn, 1997-2002 Robert J. Wisner, 1957-60 Cathleen S. Morawetz, 1978-80 Virginia Torczon, 1997-2002 R. E. Gaskell, 1958-61; 1963-66 Seymour V. Parter, 1978-81 John G. Lewis, 1998-2002 J. Wallace Givens Jr., 1958-61; 1964-67 William F. Ames, 1979-84 James Sethian, 1998-2002 T.N.E. Greville, 1958 Donald S. Cohen, 1979-81; 1993-95 David E. Keyes, 2000-2002 Alston.S. Householder, 1958-61 James McKenna, 1979-80 Anne Greenbaum, 2001-2002 Thomas H. Southard, 1958 Henk A. van der Vorst, 2001-2002 Herman H. Goldstein, 1959 Lisa J. Fauci, 2002- Saul Gorn, 1959-63 C. T. Kelley, 2002- David Slepian, 1959-62 Randall J. LeVeque, 2002- Richard S. Varga, 1959-62 William W. Symes, 2002-