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MIAMI UNIVERSITY the Graduate School Certificate for Approving The
MIAMI UNIVERSITY The Graduate School Certificate for Approving the Dissertation We hereby approve the Dissertation of Susan Pelle Candidate for the Degree: Doctor of Philosophy _____________________________________ Director Dr. Stefanie Kyle Dunning _____________________________________ Reader Dr. Madelyn M. Detloff _____________________________________ Reader Dr. Kathleen N. Johnson _____________________________________ Graduate School Representative Dr. Emily A. Zakin ABSTRACT (DIS)ARTICULATING BODIES AND GENDERS: PUSSY POLITICS AND PERFORMING VAGINAS by Susan Pelle The vagina has metaphorically and metonymically been the body part that stands in for the category “woman” and it is this emphatic and fabricated link that imposes itself on bodies, psyches, and lives with often horrifying consequences. My goals in exploring performative and performing vaginas are many. I not only lay out how, why, and in what ways the “normal” and “abled” female body established in both dominant and mainstream discourses is, simply put, one with a specific type of vagina, but I also confront the “truth” that vaginas purport to tell about women and femininity. Ultimately, I maintain that representations of vaginas and the debates and discourses that surround them tell us something about our culture’s fears, anxieties, and hopes. Living life as abject can be painful, even unbearable, yet as individuals negotiate this life they can experience pleasure, assert agency, and express ethical and just visions of the world. The artists, writers, and performers explored in this dissertation strategically perform vaginas in multiple and disparate ways. As they trouble, resist, and negotiate “normative” understandings of vaginas, they simultaneously declare that the “problem” is not about bodies at all. The problem is not the vagina. -
Handbook for Parents
Contributors Cassandra L. Aspinall, MSW, LICSW Christine Feick, MSW Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children’s Hospital; Ann Arbor, MI University of Washington School of Social Work, Seattle, WA Sallie Foley, LMSW Certified Sex Therapist, AASECT; Dept. Social Arlene B. Baratz, MD Work/Sexual Health, University of Michigan Medical Advisor, Androgen Insensitivity Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI Syndrome Support Group, Pittsburgh, PA Joel Frader, MD, MA Max & Tamara Beck General Academic Pediatrics, Children’s Atlanta, GA Memorial Hospital; Dept. Pediatrics and Program in Medical Humanities & Bioethics, William Byne, MD Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New University, Chicago, IL York, NY Jane Goto David Cameron Board of Directors, Intersex Society of North Intersex Society of North America, San America; Board of Directors, Androgen Francisco, CA Insensitivity Syndrome Support Group, Seattle, Anita J. Catlin, DSNc, FNP, FAAN WA Nursing and Ethics, Sonoma State University, Michael Grant Sonoma, CA Lansing, MI Cheryl Chase Janet Green Founder and Executive Director, Intersex Society Co-Founder, Bodies Like Ours; Board of of North America, Rohnert Park, CA Directors, CARES Foundation; Board of Kimberly Chu, LCSW, DCSW Overseers, Beth Israel Hospital; Board of Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Trustees, Continuum Healthcare, New York, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY NY Howard Devore Philip A. Gruppuso, MD San Francisco, CA Associate Dean of Medical Education, Brown University; Pediatric Endocrinology, Rhode Alice Dreger, Ph.D. (Project Coordinator and Island Hospital, Providence, RI Editor) Program in Medical Humanities and Bioethics, William G. Hanley, BPS Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Memphis, TN University, Chicago, IL iii iv Debora Rode Hartman Charmian A. -
Hermafroditas Con Actitud: Cartografiando La Emergencia Del Activismo Político Intersexual1
48 intersexualidad Hermafroditas con actitud: cartografiando la emergencia del activismo político intersexual1 Cheryl Chase2 La insistencia en dos sexos claramente discernibles tiene desastrosas conse- cuencias personales para los muchos individuos que llegan al mundo con una anatomía sexual que no puede ser fácilmente identificada como de va- rón o de mujer. Tales individuos son etiquetados por los discursos médicos modernos (Migeon, Berkovitz y Brown 1994: 573-715) como intersexuales o hermafroditas. Alrededor de uno de cada 100 nacimientos exhibe alguna anomalía en la diferenciación sexual (Raman-Wilms et al. 1995: 141-148), y alrededor de uno de cada 2 000 es suficientemente diferente como para convertir en problemática la pregunta "¿es un niño o una niña?" (Fausto- Sterling 2000). Desde comienzos de la década de los 60, prácticamente cada gran ciudad de Estados Unidos ha tenido un hospital con un equipo permanente de expertos médicos que intervienen en estos casos para asig- nar —a través de drásticos medios quirúrgicos— un estatus de varón o de mujer a bebés intersexuales. El hecho de que este sistema que preserva las fronteras de las categorías de varón y de mujer haya existido durante tanto tiempo sin despertar críticas ni escrutinio desde ningún flanco indica la incomodidad extrema que despierta la ambigüedad sexual en nuestra cul- tura. Las cirugías genitales pediátricas convierten en literal lo que de otra forma podría ser considerado un ejercicio teórico: el intento de producción 1 Tomado de El eje del mal es heterosexual / Figuraciones, movimientos y prácticas feministas queer, compilado por Carmen Romero Bachiller, Silvia García Dauder y Carlos Bargueiras Martínez (Grupo de Trabajo Queer), Madrid, 2005. -
Ending the Intersex Exception People Born with Atypical Sex Characteristics Battle for Informed Consent
Ending the Intersex Exception People Born with Atypical Sex Characteristics Battle For Informed Consent By Kyle Knight, Researcher, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Program It wasn’t until the 1980s, after a series of nervous breakdowns, that Bo Laurent—then in her 30s—set out to investigate the source of her deep distress. The truth, when it finally came, was both liberating and traumatizing: Bo discovered she had been born with atypical genitalia, which surgeons had operated on to make her look— arbitrarily—more typically female, inflicting irreversible harm on her in the process, and telling her parents that they should never reveal to Bo the surgery she had undergone as an infant. Doctors had told Bo’s parents, and Bo herself once she found out, that her condition was so rare there was no one else like her. But after learning the truth from her medical records, and as she traveled the country telling her story, she found this was untrue. Her California mailbox began to fill with letters from people describing similar experiences. In 1993, Bo, using the name Cheryl Chase, founded the Intersex Society of North America (ISNA) to meet and help people who, like her, were born with biological sex characteristics that fall outside typical definitions—that is, their chromosomes, gonads, or internal and external sex organs differ in some way from what science and society have long deemed to be “male” or “female.” ISNA became an eddy of activists, a support group for traumatized people who had more questions than answers, and the birthplace of momentous historical agitations such as “Hermaphrodites with Attitude.” Their mission was to convince the medical establishment to respect intersex people’s rights to health and bodily autonomy by stopping “normalizing” surgeries on children before they were old enough to understand the procedures and consent to them. -
Introduction 1
Notes Introduction 1. John Money and Anke Ehrhardt, Man and Woman Boy and Girl: The Differentiation and Dimorphism of Gender Identity from Conception to Maturity (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972), 9. 2. Rosie Braidotti, Nomadic Subjects: Embodiment and Sexual Differ- ence in Contemporary Feminist Theory (New York: Columbia Uni- versity Press, 1994); Georges Canguilhem, On the Normal and the Pathological, trans. Carolyn Fawcett (Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing, 1978). 3. I refer here to the late David Reimer, whom Money recommended be reassigned and reared as a girl following the loss of his penis after a botched circumcision when he was an infant. See Bernice Hausman, “Do Boys Have to Be Boys? Gender, Narrativity, and the John/Joan Case,” NWSA Journal 12, no. 3 (2000): 114–138. 4. Perhaps the most public of those attacks was that of Rolling Stone jour- nalist John Colapinto. See John Colapinto, As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl (Sydney: Harper Collins, 2000). 5. Refer to “Notes on terminology and definitions” for an explanation of this hyphenation. 6. Money on the other hand has acknowledged—however disapprovingly—the ways in which feminism impacted on his theories of gender. 7. This is not to suggest that gender ceased to be a language tool but rather that its conceptual load increased exponentially when it became the signifier of characters, behaviors, and identities as masculine or feminine. 8. Natural gender, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is a feature of modern English where “nouns are masculine, feminine or neuter according as the objects they denote are male, female, or of neither sex; and the gender of a noun has no other syntactical effect than that of determining the pronoun that must be used in referring to it” http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50093521?query_type=word& queryword=gender, s.v. -
Contesting Intersex the Dubious Diagnosis
Contesting Intersex The Dubious Diagnosis INSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE Why Consider this Book for Your Class? • Author is herself intersex, and the book is a very personal campaign for author to avoid surgical “solutions” • Includes multiple perspectives from the intersex community including intersex people, parents, and medical experts • Presents the shifting, fluid, and even contradictory definitions of bodies that exist outside the sex binary 240 PAGES CLOTH 978-1-4798-1415-2 PAPER 978-1-4798-8704-0 NYU PRESS WWW . NYUPRESS . ORG 1916 • Champion of great ideas for 100 years • 2016 Table of Contents Table of Contents Overview of Supplemental Teaching Guide 3 Georgiann Davis Biography 4 Resources for Ch. 1: Introduction: “You’re in the Monkey Cage with Me” 5-7 Resources for Ch. 2: The Transformation of Intersex Advocacy 8-9 Resources for Ch. 3: Medical Jurisdiction and the Intersex Body 10-11 Resources for Ch. 4: The Power in a Name 12-13 Resources for Ch. 5: A Different Kind of Information 14-15 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE Resources for Ch. 6: Conclusion: The Dubious Diagnosis 16-17 2 NYU PRESS INSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE OVERVIEW Overview of Supplemental Teaching Guide I created this guide, geared to the undergraduate classroom, to supplement my book Contesting Intersex: The Dubious Diagnosis. While it was written for those who teach undergraduate students, it might also be useful in the graduate seminar. It contains chapter-by-chapter summaries, discussion questions, links to popular press pieces, blogs, op-eds, etc. on intersex, ideas for small group exercises, and recommended films, documentaries, and You Tube videos—many of these recommendations are available online. -
A FEMINIST SCIENCE STUDIES CRITIQUE of ANTI-FGM DISCOURSE Wairimé Ngaréiya Njambi Dissertation Submitted To
COLONIZING BODIES: A FEMINIST SCIENCE STUDIES CRITIQUE OF ANTI-FGM DISCOURSE Wairimé Ngaréiya Njambi Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STUDIES APPROVED: Gary Downey, Chair Charles M. Good Ann Kilkelly Ann La Berge Timothy Luke September 8, 2000 Blacksburg, Virginia Copyright 2001, Wairimé Ngaréiya Njambi COLONIZING BODIES: A FEMINIST SCIENCE STUDIES CRITIQUE OF ANTI-FGM DISCOURSE by Wairimé Ngaréiya Njambi Gary Downey, Chair Science and Technology Studies (ABSTRACT) The contentious topic of female circumcision brings together medical science, women’s health activism, and national and international policy-making in pursuit of the common goal of protecting female bodies from harm. To date, most criticisms of female circumcision, practiced mainly in parts of Africa and Southwest Asia, have revolved around the dual issues of control of female bodies by a male-dominated social order and the health impacts surrounding the psychology of female sexuality and the functioning of female sex organs. As such, the recently-evolved campaign to eradicate female circumcision, alternatively termed “Female Genital Mutilation” (FGM), has formed into a discourse intertwining the politics of feminist activism with scientific knowledge and medical knowledge of the female body and sexuality. This project focuses on the ways in which this discourse constructs particular definitions of bodies and sexuality in a quest to generalize the practices of female circumcision as “harmful” and therefore dangerous. Given that the discourse aimed at eradicating practices of female circumcision, referred to in this study as “anti-FGM discourse,” focuses mostly on harm done to women’s bodies, this project critiques the assumption of universalism regarding female bodies and sexuality that is explicitly/implicitly embedded in such discourse. -
Clinical Guidelines
Contributors Erin Anthony Kimberly Chu, LCSW, DCSW CARES Foundation, Millburn, NJ Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY Cassandra L. Aspinall MSW, LICSW Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children’s Hospital; Sarah Creighton, MD, FRCOG University of Washington, School of Social Gynecology, University College London Work, Seattle, WA Hospitals, London, UK Arlene B. Baratz, MD Jorge J. Daaboul, MD Medical Advisor, Androgen Insensitivity Pediatric Endocrinology, The Nemours Syndrome Support Group, Pittsburgh, PA Children’s Clinic, Orlando, FL Charlotte Boney, MD Alice Domurat Dreger, PhD (Project Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rhode Coordinator and Editor) Island Hospital, Providence, RI Medical Humanities and Bioethics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, David R. Brown, MD, FACE Chicago, IL Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism; Staff Physician, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Christine Feick, MSW Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN Ann Arbor, MI William Byne, MD Kaye Fichman, MD Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New Pediatric Endocrinology, Kaiser Permanente York, NY Medical Group, San Rafael, CA David Cameron Sallie Foley, MSW Board of Directors, Intersex Society of North Certified Sex Therapist, AASECT; Dept. Social America, San Francisco, CA Work/Sexual Health, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI Monica Casper, PhD Medical Sociology, Vanderbilt University, Joel Frader, MD, MA Nashville, TN General Academic Pediatrics, Children’s Memorial Hospital; -
Intersex Genital Mutilations Human Rights Violations of Children with Variations of Sex Anatomy
v 2.0 Intersex Genital Mutilations Human Rights Violations Of Children With Variations Of Sex Anatomy NGO Report to the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Periodic Report of Switzerland on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) + Supplement “Background Information on IGMs” Compiled by: Zwischengeschlecht.org (Human Rights NGO) Markus Bauer Daniela Truffer Zwischengeschlecht.org P.O.Box 2122 8031 Zurich info_at_zwischengeschlecht.org http://Zwischengeschlecht.org/ http://StopIGM.org/ Intersex.ch (Peer Support Group) Daniela Truffer kontakt_at_intersex.ch http://intersex.ch/ Verein SI Selbsthilfe Intersexualität (Parents Peer Support Group) Karin Plattner Selbsthilfe Intersexualität P.O.Box 4066 4002 Basel info_at_si-global.ch http://si-global.ch/ March 2014 v2.0: Internal links added, some errors and typos corrected. This NGO Report online: http://intersex.shadowreport.org/public/2014-CRC-Swiss-NGO-Zwischengeschlecht-Intersex-IGM_v2.pdf Front Cover Photo: UPR #14, 20.10.2012 Back Cover Photo: CEDAW #43, 25.01.2009 2 Executive Summary Intersex children are born with variations of sex anatomy, including atypical genetic make- up, atypical sex hormone producing organs, atypical response to sex hormones, atypical geni- tals, atypical secondary sex markers. While intersex children may face several problems, in the “developed world” the most pressing are the ongoing Intersex Genital Mutilations, which present a distinct and unique issue constituting significant human rights violations (A). IGMs include non-consensual, medically unnecessary, irreversible, cosmetic genital sur- geries, and/or other harmful medical treatments that would not be considered for “normal” children, without evidence of benefit for the children concerned, but justified by societal and cultural norms and beliefs. -
Handbook for Parents
Contributors Cassandra L. Aspinall, MSW, LICSW Christine Feick, MSW Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children’s Hospital; Ann Arbor, MI University of Washington School of Social Work, Seattle, WA Sallie Foley, LMSW Certified Sex Therapist, AASECT; Dept. Social Arlene B. Baratz, MD Work/Sexual Health, University of Michigan Medical Advisor, Androgen Insensitivity Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI Syndrome Support Group, Pittsburgh, PA Joel Frader, MD, MA Max & Tamara Beck General Academic Pediatrics, Children’s Atlanta, GA Memorial Hospital; Dept. Pediatrics and Program in Medical Humanities & Bioethics, William Byne, MD Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New University, Chicago, IL York, NY Jane Goto David Cameron Board of Directors, Intersex Society of North Intersex Society of North America, San America; Board of Directors, Androgen Francisco, CA Insensitivity Syndrome Support Group, Seattle, Anita J. Catlin, DSNc, FNP, FAAN WA Nursing and Ethics, Sonoma State University, Michael Grant Sonoma, CA Lansing, MI Cheryl Chase Janet Green Founder and Executive Director, Intersex Society Co-Founder, Bodies Like Ours; Board of of North America, Rohnert Park, CA Directors, CARES Foundation; Board of Kimberly Chu, LCSW, DCSW Overseers, Beth Israel Hospital; Board of Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Trustees, Continuum Healthcare, New York, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY NY Howard Devore Philip A. Gruppuso, MD San Francisco, CA Associate Dean of Medical Education, Brown University; Pediatric Endocrinology, Rhode Alice Dreger, Ph.D. (Project Coordinator and Island Hospital, Providence, RI Editor) Program in Medical Humanities and Bioethics, William G. Hanley, BPS Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Memphis, TN University, Chicago, IL iii iv Debora Rode Hartman Charmian A. -
SUPPORTING INTERSEX INCLUSION in the WORKPLACE About out & Equal About Interact
SUPPORTING INTERSEX INCLUSION IN THE WORKPLACE About Out & Equal About interACT Out & Equal is the premier organization working exclusively on LGBTQ interACT is an intersex-led national U.S.- based advocacy organization workplace equality. Through our worldwide programs, Fortune 500 founded in 2006 to advocate for the human rights of intersex youth partnerships and our annual Workplace Summit conference, we help while raising awareness and promoting intersex inclusion. LGBTQ people thrive and support organizations creating a culture of We partner with various LGBTQ+, legal, and human rights belonging for all. organizations in efforts to change laws and policies to protect intersex We partner with Fortune 1000 companies, government agencies, bodily autonomy. and organizations across industries and diverse missions to provide interACT’s goal is to promote intersex wellbeing with a focus on ending LGBTQ executive leadership development, comprehensive D&I training harmful, medically unnecessary, and non-consensual surgeries on and consultation, and professional networking opportunities that build children born with intersex traits. inclusive and welcoming work environments. Out and Equal works with executives, HR and D&I professionals, and LGBTQ+ employee resource group (ERG) leaders to strengthen their role as internal change agents, bolstering their effectiveness and helping them incorporate and advance best practices in Diversity & Inclusion work. We believe equality is about more than checking off boxes. And we know inclusion requires more than a set of directions. It’s about creating spaces that celebrate and foster growth for every kind of employee, where leadership is made up of different people with diverse perspectives. Our goal is to challenge organizations to live into their values every day and transform workplaces. -
Progress and Politics in the Intersex Rights Movement Feminist Theory in Action
PROGRESS AND POLITICS IN THE INTERSEX RIGHTS MOVEMENT Feminist Theory in Action Alice D. Dreger and April M. Herndon Since 1990, when Suzanne Kessler published her groundbreaking feminist analysis of the understanding of gender among clinicians treating children with intersex, many academic feminists have produced important scholarly work on intersex and intersex rights.1 A notable few have also lent their energies to actively working for intersex rights in medical and mainstream social arenas. Although the intersex rights movement and feminist scholarship on intersex have both pro- gressed considerably since 1990, there remains theoretical and political irresolu- tion on certain key issues, most notably those involving intersex identity and the constitution of gender. This essay considers the progress made in intersex rights since 1990 and delineates important points of contention within feminist intersex scholarship and intersex politics. We argue that in the last fifteen years much progress has been made in improving medical and social attitudes toward people with intersex, but that significant work remains to be done to ensure that children born with sex anomalies will be treated in a way that privileges their long-term well-being over societal norms. We also argue that, while feminist scholars have been critically important in developing the theoretical underpinnings of the intersex rights move- ment and sometimes in carrying out the day-to-day political work of that move- ment, there have been intellectual and political problems with some feminists’ approaches to intersex. The authors have a foot in both camps considered here — academic feminism and intersex rights work. We are academic feminists who also worked GLQ 15:2 DOI 10.1215/10642684-2008-134 © 2009 by Duke University Press 200200 GLQ: A JOURNAL OF LESBIAN AND GAY STUDIES as paid directors at the Intersex Society of North America (ISNA), the longest- running, best-funded, and historically most influential intersex advocacy group.