Classification of Aphasic Phenomena
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Meta-Analytic Connectivity Modeling of Brodmann Area 37
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences Sciences 12-17-2014 Language and Visual Perception Associations: Meta-Analytic Connectivity Modeling of Brodmann Area 37 Alfredo Ardilla Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Florida International University, [email protected] Byron Bernal Miami Children's Hospital Monica Rosselli Florida Atlantic University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cnhs_fac Part of the Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons Recommended Citation Ardilla, Alfredo; Bernal, Byron; and Rosselli, Monica, "Language and Visual Perception Associations: Meta-Analytic Connectivity Modeling of Brodmann Area 37" (2014). Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences. 1. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cnhs_fac/1 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Behavioural Neurology Volume 2015, Article ID 565871, 14 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/565871 Research Article Language and Visual Perception Associations: Meta-Analytic Connectivity Modeling of Brodmann Area 37 Alfredo Ardila,1 Byron Bernal,2 and Monica Rosselli3 1 Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA 2Radiology Department and Research Institute, Miami Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL 33155, USA 3Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL 33314, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Alfredo Ardila; [email protected] Received 4 November 2014; Revised 9 December 2014; Accepted 17 December 2014 Academic Editor: Annalena Venneri Copyright © 2015 Alfredo Ardila et al. -
Case Study 1 & 2
CASE Courtesy of: STUDY Mitchell S.V. Elkind, MD, Columbia University 1 & 2 and Shadi Yaghi, MD. Brown University CASE 1 CASE 1 A 20 year old man with no past medical history presented to a primary stroke center with sudden left sided weakness and imbalance followed by decreased level of consciousness. Head CT showed no hemorrhage, no acute ischemic changes, and a hyper-dense basilar artery. CT angiography showed a mid-basilar occlusion. CASE 1 CONTINUED Head CT showed no hemorrhage, no acute ischemic changes, and a hyper-dense basilar artery (Figure 1, arrow). CT angiography showed a mid-basilar occlusion (Figure 2, arrow). INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS Fig. 1 AND FAMILIESFig. 2 CASE 1 CONTINUED He received Alteplase intravenous tPA and was transferred to a comprehensive stroke center where angiography confirmed mid-basilar occlusion (Figure 3, arrow ). He underwent mechanical thrombectomy (Figure 4) with recanalization of the basilar artery. His neurological exam improved and he was discharged to home after 2 days. At his 3 month follow up, he was back to normal and returned to college. Fig. 3 Fig. 4 CASE 2 CASE 2 A 62 year old woman with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia presented to a primary stroke center with sudden onset of weakness of the right side. On examination, she had a global aphasia, left gaze preference, right homonymous hemianopsia (field cut), right facial droop, dysarthria, and right hemiplegia (NIH Stroke Scale = 22). Head CT showed only equivocal hypodensity in the left middle cerebral artery territory (Figure 1 on next slide). CT angiography showed a left middle cerebral artery occlusion (Figure 2 on next slide, arrow). -
Prospect for a Social Neuroscience
Levels of Analysis in the Behavioral Sciences Prospect for a • Psychological Social Neuroscience – Mental structures and processes • Sociocultural – Social, cultural structures and processes Berkeley Social Ontology Group • Biophysical Spring 2014 – Biological, physical structures and processes 1 2 Levels of Analysis On Terminology in the Behavioral Sciences • Physiological Psychology (1870s) Sociocultural – Animal Research Social Psychology • Neuropsychology (1955, 1963) Social Cognition – Behavioral Analysis – Brain Insult, Injury, or Disease Psychological • Neuroscience (1963) – Interdisciplinary Cognitive Psychology • Molecular/Cellular Cognitive Neuroscience Social Neuroscience •Systems • Behavioral Biophysical 3 4 Towards a Social Neuropsychology The Evolution of Klein & Kihlstrom (1998) Social Neuroscience Neurology NEUROSCIENCE • Beginnings with Phineas Gage (1848) Neuroanatomy Molecular – Phrenology, Frontal Lobe, and Personality Integrative and • Neuropsychological Methods, Concepts Neurophysiology Cellular Cognitive – Neurological Cases – Brain-Imaging Methods Systems Affective • But Neurology Doesn’t Solve Our Problems Behavioral Conative(?) – Requires Psychological Theory Social – Adequate Task Analysis at Behavioral Level 5 6 1 The Rhetoric of Constraint “Rethinking Social Intelligence” Goleman (2006), p. 324 “Knowledge of the body and brain can The new neuroscientific findings on social life have usefully constrain and inspire concepts the potential to reinvigorate the social and behavioral sciences. The basic assumptions -
A Young Woman with Sudden Hemiparesis
f Clin al o ica rn l & ISSN : 2376-0249 u o M J e l d a i c n International Journal of a o l i Vol 5 • Iss 3• 1000601 Mar, 2018 t I m a n a r g e t i n n I g DOI: 10.4172/2376-0249.1000601 ISSN: 2376-0249 Clinical & Medical Images Case Report A Young Woman with Sudden Hemiparesis Monique Boukobza* and Jean-Pierre Laissy Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Figure 1: Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) shows hyperintensity indicative of core infarction on MRI within less than 3 h after onset. Figure 2: Fluid-attenuated inversion recuperation imaging-Hyperintense vessels proximal to the sylvian fissure. Figure 3: Fluid-attenuated inversion recuperation imaging-Hyperintense vessels distal to the sylvian fissure. Figure 4: Magnetic resonance angiography-Severe vasospasm of the left internal carotid artery (short arrow) and middle cerebral artery (M1 segment) (long arrow). Figure 5: Digital subtraction angiography-Severe vasospasm (long arrow) and small aneurysm of the left anterior choroidal artery of 10 mm of diameter (short arrow). Figure 6: Magnetic resonance angiography follow-up-Exclusion of the aneurysm and normal caliber of the cerebral arteries. Abstract Stroke related to cerebral vasospasm may have the same appearance that ischemic stroke of other causes. The correct diagnosis is critical to avoid inappropriate treatments as thombolysis and anticoaglant therapy. In this case, a previous young healthy woman presented with acute onset of right-sided hemiplegia and expressive aphasia. Interpretation of Magnetic Resonance Images was challenging: acute ischemia, severe vasospasm, no signs of subarachnoid hemorrhage or intra-arterial thrombi, no evidence of cervical artery dissection. -
Speech-Oct-2011.Pdf
10/11/2011 1 10/11/2011 PHYSIOLOGY OF SPEECH Dr Syed Shahid Habib MBBS DSDM FCPS Associate Professor Dept. of Physiology King Saud University 2 10/11/2011 OBJECTIVES At the end of this lecture the student should be able to: • Describe brain speech areas as Broca’s Area, Wernicke’s Area and Angular Gyrus • Explain sequence of events in speech production • Explain speech disorders like aphasia with its types and dysarthria 3 10/11/2011 Function of the Brain in Communication- Language Input and Language Output 1.1.1.Sensory1. Sensory Aspects of Communication. 2.2.2.Integration2. Integration 3.3.3.Motor3. Motor Aspects of Communication. 4.4.4.Articulation4. Articulation 4 10/11/2011 5 10/11/2011 BRAIN AREAS AND SPEECH 6 10/11/2011 PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND ASSOCIATION AREAS 7 10/11/2011 ASSOCIATION AREAS These areas receive and analyze signals simultaneously from multiple regions of both the motor and sensory cortices as well as from subcortical structures. The most important association areas are (1) Parieto-occipitotemporal association area (2) prefrontal association area (3) limbic association area. 8 10/11/2011 Broca's Area. A special region in the frontal cortex, called Broca's area, provides the neural circuitry for word formation. This area, is located partly in the posterior lateral prefrontal cortex and partly in the premotor area. It is here that plans and motor patterns for expressing individual words or even short phrases are initiated and executed. 9 10/11/2011 PARIETO-OCCIPITOTEMPORAL ASSOCIATION AREAS • 1. Analysis of the Spatial Coordinates of the Body. -
Oxford Handbooks Online
Anomia and Anomic Aphasia Oxford Handbooks Online Anomia and Anomic Aphasia: Implications for Lexical Processing Stacy M. Harnish The Oxford Handbook of Aphasia and Language Disorders (Forthcoming) Edited by Anastasia M. Raymer and Leslie Gonzalez-Rothi Subject: Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience Online Publication Date: Jan DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199772391.013.7 2015 Abstract and Keywords Anomia is a term that describes the inability to retrieve a desired word, and is the most common deficit present across different aphasia syndromes. Anomic aphasia is a specific aphasia syndrome characterized by a primary deficit of word retrieval with relatively spared performance in other language domains, such as auditory comprehension and sentence production. Damage to a number of cognitive and motor systems can produce errors in word retrieval tasks, only subsets of which are language deficits. In the cognitive and neuropsychological underpinnings section, we discuss the major processing steps that occur in lexical retrieval and outline how deficits at each of the stages may produce anomia. The neuroanatomical correlates section will include a review of lesion and neuroimaging studies of language processing to examine anomia and anomia recovery in the acute and chronic stages. The assessment section will highlight how discrepancies in performance between tasks contrasting output modes and input modalities may provide insight into the locus of impairment in anomia. Finally, the treatment section will outline some of the rehabilitation techniques for forms of anomia, and take a closer look at the evidence base for different aspects of treatment. Keywords: Anomia, Anomic aphasia, Word retrieval, Lexical processing Syndrome Description and Unique Characteristics The term anomia refers to the inability to retrieve a desired word, typically in the course of conversational sentence production. -
Phonological Facilitation of Object Naming in Agrammatic and Logopenic Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) Jennifer E
This article was downloaded by: [Northwestern University] On: 30 September 2013, At: 13:49 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Cognitive Neuropsychology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/pcgn20 Phonological facilitation of object naming in agrammatic and logopenic primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Jennifer E. Macka, Soojin Cho-Reyesa, James D. Kloeta, Sandra Weintraubbcd, M-Marsel Mesulambc & Cynthia K. Thompsonabc a Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA b Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA c Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA d Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA Published online: 27 Sep 2013. To cite this article: Jennifer E. Mack, Soojin Cho-Reyes, James D. Kloet, Sandra Weintraub, M-Marsel Mesulam & Cynthia K. Thompson , Cognitive Neuropsychology (2013): Phonological facilitation of object naming in agrammatic and logopenic primary progressive aphasia (PPA), Cognitive Neuropsychology, DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2013.835717 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2013.835717 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. -
• Classifications of Aphasia Expressive Vs. Receptive Fluent Vs
12/7/2018 APHASIA Aphasia is an acquired communication disorder that impairs a person’s ability to process LANGUAGE, but DOES NOT AFFECT intelligence. Aphasia impairs the ability to speak and understand others. -National Aphasia Association LANGUAGE Language is a system of communication that uses symbolism. K L U $ + M – Phonemes: perceptually distinct unit of sounds Words: sounds combined & given meaning Sentences: combination of syntax (rules) and semantics (meaning). • CLASSIFICATIONS OF APHASIA EXPRESSIVE VS. RECEPTIVE FLUENT VS. NON- FLUENT 1 12/7/2018 -NATIONAL APHASIA ASSOCIATION -COURTESY OF MY-MS.ORG MCA DISTRIBUTION -SLIDESHARE.NET 2 12/7/2018 BROCA’S APHASIA * short utterances * limited vocabulary * halting, effortful speech *mild comprehension deficits Lesion * Inferior frontal gyrus Choose Sentence Speech Coordinate Speak Idea Words Structure Sounds Articulate Pragmatics Muscles Fluently (Semantics) (Syntax) (Phonology) SAMPLE OF BROCA’S THERAPY FROM TACTUS THERAPY 3 12/7/2018 WERNICKE’S APHASIA • Comprehension is poor (auditory & reading) • Fluent, intact prosody • Logorrhea, press of speech • Neologisms, Paraphasias • Lack of awareness Lesion Temporo-Parietal, Posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus near the auditory cortex Auditory Preparation Attach Input Perception Recognition Phonological For Meaning Analysis Output WERNICKE’S APHASIA FROM TACTUS THERAPY 4 12/7/2018 GLOBAL APHASIA * severe language deficit * responds to personally relevant language * responds to non-verbal cues * some automatic speech Lesion -
26 Aphasia, Memory Loss, Hemispatial Neglect, Frontal Syndromes and Other Cerebral Disorders - - 8/4/17 12:21 PM )
1 Aphasia, Memory Loss, 26 Hemispatial Neglect, Frontal Syndromes and Other Cerebral Disorders M.-Marsel Mesulam CHAPTER The cerebral cortex of the human brain contains ~20 billion neurons spread over an area of 2.5 m2. The primary sensory and motor areas constitute 10% of the cerebral cortex. The rest is subsumed by modality- 26 selective, heteromodal, paralimbic, and limbic areas collectively known as the association cortex (Fig. 26-1). The association cortex mediates the Aphasia, Memory Hemispatial Neglect, Frontal Syndromes and Other Cerebral Disorders Loss, integrative processes that subserve cognition, emotion, and comport- ment. A systematic testing of these mental functions is necessary for the effective clinical assessment of the association cortex and its dis- eases. According to current thinking, there are no centers for “hearing words,” “perceiving space,” or “storing memories.” Cognitive and behavioral functions (domains) are coordinated by intersecting large-s- cale neural networks that contain interconnected cortical and subcortical components. Five anatomically defined large-scale networks are most relevant to clinical practice: (1) a perisylvian network for language, (2) a parietofrontal network for spatial orientation, (3) an occipitotemporal network for face and object recognition, (4) a limbic network for explicit episodic memory, and (5) a prefrontal network for the executive con- trol of cognition and comportment. Investigations based on functional imaging have also identified a default mode network, which becomes activated when the person is not engaged in a specific task requiring attention to external events. The clinical consequences of damage to this network are not yet fully defined. THE LEFT PERISYLVIAN NETWORK FOR LANGUAGE AND APHASIAS The production and comprehension of words and sentences is depen- FIGURE 26-1 Lateral (top) and medial (bottom) views of the cerebral dent on the integrity of a distributed network located along the peri- hemispheres. -
Data-Driven, Visual Framework for the Characterization of Aphasias Across Stroke, Post-Resective, and Neurodegenerative Disorders Over Time
ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 29 December 2020 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.616764 Data-Driven, Visual Framework for the Characterization of Aphasias Across Stroke, Post-resective, and Neurodegenerative Disorders Over Time Joline M. Fan 1*, Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini 1, Nina F. Dronkers 2,3, Bruce L. Miller 1, Mitchel S. Berger 4 and Edward F. Chang 4 1 Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, 2 Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, 3 Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States, 4 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Aphasia classifications and specialized language batteries differ across the fields of neurodegenerative disorders and lesional brain injuries, resulting in difficult comparisons of language deficits across etiologies. In this study, we present a simplified framework, in which a widely-used aphasia battery captures clinical clusters across disease etiologies Edited by: Paola Marangolo, and provides a quantitative and visual method to characterize and track patients University of Naples Federico II, Italy over time. The framework is used to evaluate populations representing three disease Reviewed by: etiologies: stroke, primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and post-operative aphasia. A Ana Inès Ansaldo, total of 330 patients across three populations with cerebral injury leading to aphasia Université de Montréal, Canada Chaleece Wyatt Sandberg, were investigated, including 76 patients with stroke, 107 patients meeting criteria for Pennsylvania State University (PSU), PPA, and 147 patients following left hemispheric resective surgery. Western Aphasia United States Battery (WAB) measures (Information Content, Fluency, answering Yes/No questions, *Correspondence: Joline M. -
Isolated Traumatic Expressive Aphasia
UC Irvine Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health Title Isolated Traumatic Expressive Aphasia Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1691788n Journal Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, 12(1) ISSN 1936-900X Authors Paulsen, Jeremy Testa, Nicholas Publication Date 2011 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Images In emergency medIcIne Isolated Traumatic Expressive Aphasia Jeremy Paulsen, MD University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Nicholas Testa, MD Supervising Section Editor: Sean Henderson, MD Submission history: Submitted April 3, 2010; Revision Received July 23, 2010; Accepted September 27, 2010 Reprints available through open access at http://escholarship.org/uc/uciem_westjem [West J Emerg Med. 2011;12(1):141.] operating room for definitive care. The neurosurgical services followed this patient for two weeks. During that time he was persistently aphasic. He was transferred to a rehabilitation hospital with persistent posttraumatic expressive aphasia. The importance of this case is to remind the clinician that isolated expressive aphasia can be associated with significant head trauma. A Medline1 search for traumatic aphasia reveals prior case reports of aphasia being the presenting sign of subdural hematomas, but only in the subacute presentation. Other studies have reported the presence of aphasia in major brain trauma to be as high as 19%, although all cases were associated with other significant deficits.2 Most literature focuses instead on the rehabilitation potential in traumatic aphasias, which has been consistently reported to have a much higher success when compared to other causes of aphasia.3,4 Address for Correspondence: Nicholas Testa, MD, 1200 North State St, Room 1011, Los Angeles, California 90033. -
Clinical Consequences of Stroke
EBRSR [Evidence-Based Review of Stroke Rehabilitation] 2 Clinical Consequences of Stroke Robert Teasell MD, Norhayati Hussein MBBS Last updated: March 2018 Abstract Cerebrovascular disorders represent the third leading cause of mortality and the second major cause of long-term disability in North America (Delaney and Potter 1993). The impairments associated with a stroke exhibit a wide diversity of clinical signs and symptoms. Disability, which is multifactorial in its determination, varies according to the degree of neurological recovery, the site of the lesion, the patient's premorbid status and the environmental support systems. Clinical evidence is reviewed as it pertains to stroke lesion location (cerebral, right & left hemispheres; lacunar and brain stem), related disorders (emotional, visual spatial perceptual, communication, fatigue, etc.) and artery(s) affected. 2. Clinical Consequences of Stroke pg. 1 of 29 www.ebrsr.com Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................................1 Table of Contents ...............................................................................................................................2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................3 2.1 Localization of the Stroke ...........................................................................................................3 2.2 Cerebral