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Phonological Facilitation of Object Naming in Agrammatic and Logopenic Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) Jennifer E

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Phonological Facilitation of Object Naming in Agrammatic and Logopenic Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) Jennifer E This article was downloaded by: [Northwestern University] On: 30 September 2013, At: 13:49 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Cognitive Neuropsychology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/pcgn20 Phonological facilitation of object naming in agrammatic and logopenic primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Jennifer E. Macka, Soojin Cho-Reyesa, James D. Kloeta, Sandra Weintraubbcd, M-Marsel Mesulambc & Cynthia K. Thompsonabc a Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA b Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA c Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA d Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA Published online: 27 Sep 2013. To cite this article: Jennifer E. Mack, Soojin Cho-Reyes, James D. Kloet, Sandra Weintraub, M-Marsel Mesulam & Cynthia K. Thompson , Cognitive Neuropsychology (2013): Phonological facilitation of object naming in agrammatic and logopenic primary progressive aphasia (PPA), Cognitive Neuropsychology, DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2013.835717 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2013.835717 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions Downloaded by [Northwestern University] at 13:49 30 September 2013 Cognitive Neuropsychology, 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2013.835717 Phonological facilitation of object naming in agrammatic and logopenic primary progressive aphasia (PPA) Jennifer E. Mack1, Soojin Cho-Reyes1, James D. Kloet1, Sandra Weintraub2,3,4, M-Marsel Mesulam2,3, and Cynthia K. Thompson1,2,3 1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA 2Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA 3Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA 4Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA Phonological processing deficits are characteristic of both the agrammatic and logopenic subtypes of primary progressive aphasia (PPA-G and PPA-L). However, it is an open question which substages of phonological processing (i.e., phonological word form retrieval, phonological encoding) are impaired in these subtypes of PPA, as well as how phonological processing deficits contribute to anomia. In the present study, participants with PPA-G (n 7), participants with PPA-L (n 7), and unimpaired con- ¼ ¼ trols (n 17) named objects as interfering written words (phonologically related/unrelated) were pre- ¼ sented at different stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 0, 100, 300, and 500 ms. Phonological + + + facilitation (PF) effects (faster naming times with phonologically related interfering words) were found for the controls and PPA-L group only at SOA 0and 100 ms. However, the PPA-G group exhibited ¼ + protracted PF effects (PF at SOA 0, 100, and 300 ms). These results may reflect deficits in pho- ¼ + + nological encoding in PPA-G, but not in PPA-L, supporting the neuropsychological reality of this sub- stage of phonological processing and the distinction between these two PPA subtypes. Keywords: Primary progressive aphasia; Anomia; Phonological processing; Picture–word interference paradigm. Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) presents a patterns of neural atrophy. The agrammatic unique clinical syndrome among neurodegenera- subtype of PPA (PPA-G) is characterized by tive diseases of the brain in that it selectively effortful speech and impaired processing of mor- affects the language network in its early stages, phosyntactic structure, with peak atrophy typically preserving other cognitive capacities such as atten- occurring in the left inferior frontal gyrus (Gorno- Downloaded by [Northwestern University] at 13:49 30 September 2013 tion and memory (Mesulam, 1982, 2003). There Tempini et al., 2004, 2011; Mesulam et al., 2009; are three major subtypes of PPA, each associated Mesulam Wieneke, Thompson, Rogalski, & with different linguistic profiles and distinct Weintraub, 2012). The logopenic subtype Correspondence should be addressed to Jennifer E. Mack, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Francis Searle Building, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA (E-mail: Jennifer-mack-0@ northwestern.edu). This research was supported by the following National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants: RO1DC01948-18 (C. K. Thompson), R01DC008551 (M. Mesulam), and AG13854 (Alzheimer’s Disease Core Center, Northwestern University). # 2013 Taylor & Francis 1 MACK ET AL. (PPA-L) has been linked to deficits in word retrie- representation then undergoes phonetic encod- val and phonological working memory, with ing—that is, generation of a motor representation atrophy typically focused in the left posterior tem- for articulation. Disruption at either major level of poral lobe and temporoparietal junction (Gorno- processing may lead to semantic and/or phonolo- Tempini et al., 2004, 2008, 2011; Mesulam gical paraphasic production patterns—that is, sub- et al., 2009, 2012; Rohrer et al., 2010). The stitution of semantically related words (e.g., tiger semantic subtype (PPA-S) is characterized by dif- for zebra) or production of responses that are pho- ficulty in processing lexical–semantic information nologically related to the target (e.g., bebra for (i.e., word meaning) in both production and com- zebra), respectively. These errors are thought to prehension, with associated neural atrophy in the reflect spreading activation both within and across left anterior temporal lobe (Gorno-Tempini levels of representation. That is, activation et al., 2004, 2011; Mesulam et al., 2009, 2012). spreads to items that are semantically and/or pho- Anomia is a feature common to all three subtypes nologically related to the target (e.g., Caramazza and is influenced by phonological processing. & Hillis, 1990; Dell et al., 1997; Levelt, 1999; However, relatively little is known about the con- Levelt et al., 1999; also see Goldrick & Rapp, tributions of phonological mechanisms to the 2002; and Rapp & Goldrick, 2000, for discussion). anomia of PPA and whether these mechanisms Whether or not the word production system is are differentially impaired in patients presenting interactive (i.e., feedback from the phonological with different subtypes of PPA. In the present processing stage affects lemma selection; Damian study, we test whether PPA-G and PPA-L are & Martin, 1999; Starreveld, 2000; Starreveld & associated with impaired phonological processing La Heij, 1995, 1996) or serial (i.e., no feedback during object naming. of this sort; Schriefers, Meyer, & Levelt, 1990) is Phonological processing is one of two major an unresolved issue. stages of word naming (e.g., Dell, Schwartz, All speakers occasionally produce paraphasias, Martin, Saffran, & Gagnon, 1997; Indefrey & but they are particularly common in aphasic Levelt, 2004; Levelt, 1992, 1999; Levelt, speech. Previous research has shown that individ- Roelofs, & Meyer, 1999; Rapp & Goldrick, uals with PPA-G and PPA-L tend to produce 2000). When a person is presented with an more phonological paraphasias than people with object to be named (e.g., a zebra), the image of PPA-S, whereas the opposite pattern has been the object is first processed by the visual system reported for semantic paraphasias (Clark, and transformed into a percept that can be linked Charuvastra, Miller, Shapira, & Mendez, 2005; to its multimodal verbal and nonverbal associ- cf. Ash et al., 2010; Mesulam et al., 2012; ations. The verbal association, a lexical progenitor Wilson et al., 2010). This suggests that phonologi- or lemma, provides access to stored morphosyntac- cal processing may be relatively prone to impair- tic and additional verbal information [e.g., that the ment in PPA-G and PPA-L. One recent study percept is an “animal” (generic stage of encoding), reported a higher rate of phonological paraphasias Downloaded by [Northwestern
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